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Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research encompasses a qualitative and quantitative analytical result carried out with the purpose of determining the peculiarities of use of the press release in the business section of the daily papers in Cluj-Napoca. The analysis sample specimen consists of Făclia, Monitorul de Cluj, Servus Cluj and Ziua de Cluj articles probed within the period of February the 3rd, 2012 and the 30th of April 2012. Among the criteria underlying the decision to publish the data contained in press releases we identified: the category of organization of which the issuer is part, the information proximity, but also the advertising contracts between newspapers and organizations. The amount of information taken ad litteram from the press release is another aspect on which this research has focused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper's aim is to demonstrate the scientific importance of the traditional architecture elements preserved in the documentary fund created during the interwar period at the Romanian Language Museum; the fund is the result of the indirect linguistic survey led by Sextil Pușcariu. The survey included eight thematic questionnaires, the second of which - called The House - recorded the entire vocabulary and knowledge about the culture of building and housing. As the most complex, the 2nd Questionnaire. The House had 489 questions, from the general ones regarding social aspects of housing, to the most detailed ones about the choosing of the site and a minute description of each of the building stages and techniques used by the community. Tributary to „Wörter und Sachen" („Words and Things") German methodology at the beginning of the 20th century, which claimed that the study of words - to establish their etymology and history - should be done in close connection to the study of artefacts and their cultural lives, Sextil Pușcariu encouraged the correspondents to the Museum's surveys to illustrate their replies, offering, thus not only linguistic information, but also drawings, no matter how primitive. The 439 replies to the 2nd Questionnaire. The House coming from all the Romania's regions after Great Union gathered graphical representations of the housing which were and are at the same time ethnographical proof from the beginning of the 20th century, unique through their genuine expressiveness. Thus, the manuscripts include over 2500 graphical representations among which numerous well-done drawings illustrating the most spread house type in the village, but also gates or wells. At the same time, certain drawings minutely show techniques of vernacular construction, systems used for the closing of doors and windows, or whole traditional households with all their elements, from the main buildings to the outbuildings, fences, gates, fountains, fodder storehouses or livestock. This paper demonstrates these unique documents' importance to the understanding of the housing universe and rural architecture during the inter-war period, emphasizing their value as a useful resource for the contemporary specialists from various domains, from linguists - for whom the documentary fund was created - to anthropologists and ethnographers, but also to specialists from landscape architecture, creative industry or engineering focused on the knowledge of traditional building techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai, Historia Artium is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Historia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Researches on the correlation between the projection distance of bycicle riders and the speed of motor vehicles at the moment of impact. Recently, the presence of two-wheeled vehicles is increasingly felt in urban agglomerations. For this reason, the incidence of accidents involving two-wheeled vehicles has increased substantially, on the one hand, due to the lack of infrastructure to ensure the maximum safety of cyclists and, on the other hand, due to the lack of discipline of cyclists, extra-urban traffic. A very important element in the reconstruction of traffic accidents involving cyclists is the speed of the vehicle at the moment of impact. In the present paper there are some relationships that can be used successfully in calculating vehicle speed at the moment of impact by bicycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the present paper is to shed some light on the importance of Mircea Braga's work: Ecce Nietzsche. Exercițiu de lectură hermeneutică, for the Romanian philosophy. Therefore, the structure of this paper will be the following: first of all we will provide information about the author and his attempts for a better understanding of Nietzsche's universe as a totality, then we will develop some considerations about the possible main purpose of this very successful hermeneutical exercise. Next, we focused on the critical analysis of Ecce Nietzsche: Docuficțiuni critice, Critica criticii, I, made by Petre Isachi. In the end we will notice how important is the hermeneutical exercise for the culture and for any kind of progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eschatology and Apocalypse in the Old Testament. The paper proposes a brief overview of the Old Testament elements of eschatology and apocalyptic discourse, mainly focusing on the encounter of the two which gradually generated a new type of discourse, the apocalyptic eschatology. Within this type of discourse, the paper approaches the theme of Yom YHWH, the Day of the Lord, synthetically presenting the manner of understanding it, proper to each of the Old Testament prophets, and finally indicating some possible connections with the Shabbat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The tourism resources integrate the totality of attractive elements within a territory. The natural attractions of Sălaj County have been approached in this paper by analysing the four categories that are long-established in the scientific literature: morphological, climatic, hydrological and biogeographical tourist attractions. The geographical location of Sălaj County provides a privileged situation and a relative geographical unity, marked by a complex and complementary natural environment derived from the presence of a varied morphology. The karst morphology includes caves (Cuciulat, Măgurici), gorges (Babei Gorges), karst springs (Barcău Springs), and other attractions. The alternation of hard rocks and softer rocks, more friable and less resistant to erosion, led to the emergence of interesting forms, the result of differential erosion, such as the Dragons' Garden (Grădina Zmeilor), the Devil's Rock (Stânca Dracului), "The Old Man and the Old Woman" ("Moșu și Baba"). Mineral and thermal waters are used for curative purposes at Băile Boghiș, Băile Bizușa, Jibou and Șimleu Silvaniei. The biogeographical potential is represented mainly by the vegetation cover, which is very diverse, including both forests and valuable flowering plants. Sălaj County has a significant natural potential, which is yet to be capitalized from the perspective of tourism, because natural attractions in Sălaj County are still little known to tourists, even in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai, Historia Artium is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main subject of this paper is based especially on the annihilation mechanisms for tax fraud circuits that can be found in the VAT field, which can also lead to harmful effects for the state economy. Even though tax fraud is closely linked to criminal law, this paper analyses the fraud issue, strictly from a fiscal point of view. Our study exhibits the most recent national, European or international provisions, which are meant to fight against these "atrocities". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author of the present study returns to the history and activity of some of the faculties of the University of Cluj that were forced into exile after the Vienna Dictate (30.08.1940). Since the first year of its refuge, this higher education institution proved to be a solid and indubitable example of organization and scientific creativity. The five vital functions of the university, scientific creativity, instruction, education, university life, and university extension, components of a living and "life-giving" organism, have reached fulfillment despite the harsh conditions of the interim government during the war. The faculties, the university library, the personnel of the university institution, of all categories, and the museums, except for the Faculty of Science that was moved to Timişoara, were all relocated into adequate buildings in a very short period; all specialties were provided with suitable locations, so that a "wondering university", a peregrine school became, with the support of the Romanian State, a self-standing university that was to initiate in Sibiu a new tradition of Romanian higher education. The documents preserved in the archive of the Art History Seminary and Department of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters have eased the close reconstruction of the university course curriculum, for each semester, during the entire length of the refuge period, taught by Professor Coriolan Petranu (1893-1945). There was also the series entitled Lectures of Introduction to University Life and Synthesis Lectures on the Realities of Romanian Cultural Life, organized at the initiative of the rector of that period, Prof. Iuliu Haţieganu, held by invited professors specialists in a wide array of disciplines among which art history was especially consistently present. One can also add the cultural propositions and activity of the ASTRA and of the "Gh. Şincai" History Studies Group and the significant popularity of such activities organized by new research centers such as the Center for Transylvanian Studies founded in the summer of 1942. The present paper recalls the lectures held by reputed scholars, Romanian and foreign (Italian and German) professors, the collaboration with ecclesiastic institutions from Romania (deaneries, bishoprics), with some international forums such as the International Bureau of Education in Geneva, the specialized expertise reports in the field of religious painting, and the collaboration with the Royal Foundations Review [Revista Fundaţiilor Regale], but also the publication of the volume entitled "Siebenbürgen", written by a group of Romanian historians and launched in Sibiu on 20.02.1943. A significant part of the present paper focuses on the correspondence collection of Prof. Petranu with Romanian and European art historians involved in the research of visual arts from Romania between the medieval and contemporary periods. The author presents in details the dark period of censorship, exacerbated in the final year of the world war, with the long lists of forbidden books, but also the pressure and oppression of the "new authorities". Prof. Al. Procopovici's case, director of the Museum of the Romanian Language from Cluj, is the first relevant example. The study presents a short overview of the life and activity of the Art History Seminary and Department during the five years of refuge (1940-1945). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Theologia Graeco-Catholica Varadiensis is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present paper the author undertakes a detailed analysis of the Hearsay Rule, an uncommon legal procedure in the continental legal systems, but which benefits from a very rigorous and well elaborated corpus of regulations under the Federal Rules of Evidence. The aforementioned corpus of regulations was developed and constructed over many decades on the basis of judicial practice and it is specific to the common law system being a fundamental institution of it, which governs the procedures of administering the testimonial evidence. In contrary to the continental legal systems where the rules governing the administering of testimonial evidence are contained in the codes of criminal and civil procedure, in the common law system, besides the codes of procedures, there is also a specific regulation regarding the admissibility of evidence, applicable in both civil and criminal cases. The particularity of the present paper is given by the fact that it brings into the attention of the domestic legal profession a foreign legal construction, which was the object of very few studies in Romania, and which assures a plus of dependability to the use of testimonial evidence. This system works perfectly in the US legal system. In my opinion the lack of clear dispositions in the new Romanian codes of criminal and civil procedures which would interdict expressly the administering of hearsay evidence or the use of a testimonial evidence administered in an another case, without the possibility of the interrogation of the witness in a case in which the testimony is being used, does great prejudices to the procedural rights of the parties. Furthermore the basic principles of finding out the truth is violated not to mention the serious devaluation of the quality of the administration of justice reported to fact of the questionable nature of such evidence. I consider that the various aspects presented in this paper could constitute a source of inspiration for the future regulation of the problematical nature of the hearsay evidence in the Romanian legal system. The simple fact that the domestic procedural tradition did not know the regulation of this institution it is not a convincing argument for the omission of taking on the question of the hearsay evidence. The unconvincing nature of the argument is further emphasized by the fact that the new Romanian Code of Criminal Procedures took over institutions specific for the common law system, institutions which are alien in our country, like the plea bargaining or the institution of the admission of guilt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Punitive damages are a tool used mainly in Common Law countries to punish bad faith behaviour. This paper studies their historical origins, the developments concerning punitive damages in their native law systems and the feasibility of their introduction in continental civil law systems. Civil liability had a punitive role in the past, when it was barely distinguishable from criminal liability. The modern belief, held in all continental civil law systems, that civil liability has only a compensatory role is quite recent on a historical scale and it fails to adress the societal concerns that some types of bad faith behaviours fall through the cracks between these two main types of liability. This paper argues that punitive or exemplary damages fulfill the punitive and examplary role which civil liability should have never lost. We also believe that a "legal transplant" is possible and punitive damages are not fundamentally incompatible with a continental civil law systems like ours. Furthermore, some types of exemplary damages are already stipulated by Romanian law in well-defined cases, even without aknowledging the concept as such. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper represents an iconographic analysis of an engolpion, a small icon (pectoral medallion) worn by orthodox hierarchs, in order to have permanently near their heart Jesus and the Virgin Mary, as intercessors. The mentioned artifact is present only in the visual memory in two known photographs investigated by the first professor of art history at the University of Cluj, Coriolan Petranu, in 1929. The very summarized results of his investigation have determined us to further analyze this remarkable artifact. On the obverse there is a representation of the Virgin with the Child (Théotokos) sited in the center of a wreath in the shape of the Greek letter O and surrounded by 26 medallions made of vine wreaths displaying the busts of 16 prophets, 4 prophetesses and 6 crowned kings. In the lower part of the obverse there is a representation of the Tree of Jesse. The medallion's reverse presents the figure of an enthroned Jesus, surrounded by 26 medallions referring to the New Testament: the four evangelists, the twelve apostles and 10 other saints. In the lower part there is a scene representing the moment the whale sets Jonah on land, a reference to Jesus' premonition of his own Death and Resurrection. The present paper identifies the iconographic relation between this particular engolpion and late medieval reliquaries (Relichia), their history and symbolic message, between the eastern Ortodoxy and western Catholicism, the evolution and metamorphosis of the two themes as reflected by works in various media (small sculpture, monumental altarpiece sculpture, fresco, stainglass, silverworks etc), analogies with similar pieces, and it identifies a balcanic post-Byzantine model, probably from Mount Athos (17th-18th centuries), as suggested by the two Greek inscriptions on the engolpion, describing the two scenes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Iurisprudentia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Theologa Orthodoxa is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Issue of the „Russian Canonical Territory" and the Orthodoxy in Moldova. An Example of Applied Geopolitics. After the fall of the communist regime, the church life of the majority of orthodox countries from Eastern Europe continued to be dominated by a series of a more or less known crises and internal conflicts. An evocative example is offered by the statute of the Orthodoxy in Moldova, a country that formally gained its independence in 1991, but which dangerously oscillates between Bucharest and Moscow from an ecclesiastical viewpoint. For this context, the assertion of the Russian Patriarch according to which Moldova is a part of the "Holly Russia" is rather essential. One of the most important and most referred to arguments of the Russian Patriarchy in its relations with the Romanian Patriarchy, whenever the issue of the Moldova Orthodox Church is discussed, is related to the "canonical territory of the Russian Patriarchy". For this specific reason, the paper will highlight the historical and the canonical contexts of the advent of this controversial "modus operandi". This paper will emphasize the way the argument of "canonical territory" is used in the inter-orthodox conflict in Republic of Moldova and the possible solutions for this controversy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dead Sea Discoveries - a Subject Still Raising Interrogations. The paper proposes a brief recollection of the most important scholars involved in the Qumran research and editing projects, such as Eleazar Sukenik, Roland de Vaux, Frank Cross or Emanuel Tov. Another concern of the paper is presenting the Qumran scrolls as possible models of returning to the source of true peace, by inserting some liturgical texts which blend together doxology, blessing and intercession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between Documentaries and Opinion. Foreign Writers in the XIXth Century Press. The paper demonstrates how major writers of the 19th century (such as Balzac. Hugo, D'Aurevilly, Lamennais, Sue, Flaubert, and Zola) document and use press in order to disseminate various personal ideas, regardless to democratic, social or religious matters. In many of these cases short time newspapers and magazines are issued just in order to sustain pending personal or collective battles, so the militant tone of these publications and the wish to please the public put behind, in many cases, factual details and objective documentation. In some cases (Balzac's, with the Peytel trial, or Zola's with the Dreyfus affair) the implication is focused onto political confrontations, with various outcomes. The ultimate goal of the paper is to demonstrate how everyday, sometimes senzationalist political and social details previously outlined in press confrontations go into the texture of some great novels of the 19th century, which, by their length and plot, provide their authors the chance to develop earlier press releases into more elaborate, realist structures or to expand them towards fiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows that Baudelaire had a great importance for the evolution of modern ideas concerning the art of theatre. In some fragments of his writings, Baudelaire imagines a hyperbolical show, which should be able to combine pantomime, symbolical masks, magical tricks, suggestive music and painting, as well as the most powerful resources of verbal language. By these ideas, Baudelaire anticipates the views of Antonin Artaud (Le Théâtre et son double) and Hermann Hesse (Der Steppenwolf) on what they call a magical theatre, with an entrance open only for mad people. The paper is based on a comparative interpretation of Baudelaire, Artaud, Hesse, and on a very pertinent interdisciplinary approach, meant to recreate the dialogue between theatre and other arts at the very beginning of our modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the ways in which the concept of „vulnerability‟ might be applied in an applied ethical analysis to the technologies of assisted reproduction. In order to facilitate the analysis, a problematic, highly-publicized study case is discussed - namely, the scandal involving human eggs from the Sabyc clinic. As shown from the analysis, the degrees of vulnerability are distributed in different ways to the various categories of participants, and the current legislative framework is not sufficiently adapted to all the features of these technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this written paper is to present the conclusions I reached after investigating in the following topic: the Norwegian author Knut Hamsun as the first modernist novelist in Norway. It is insisted upon the new type of literature he theorised upon in his programmatic article, The Life of the Subconscious. The work required a practical accomplishment, meaning an analysis of some of his novels. Hunger, his breakthrough novel, is the one that is given the most attentive analysis in this particular case. Modernist characteristics such as solitude, estrangement, revolt against the society and against the divinity are concepts that best support its positioning as the first modernist novel in Norway. The analysis on the film made after the book presents it in a different perspective. In order to come with a contribution to an interesting investigation of Hamsun's world, I have chosen to analyse Pan, another captivating work. The key-conflict of the novel, the one between nature and culture has pretty attentively been described. A comparison between two distinct writings, on the one hand, and modern, on the other hand, pertaining to the same author was the most compressed part of my written paper. This refers to Hunger and to what Pan has in common with it until a certain point of the analysis. The conclusion encompasses a reinforcement of what modernity signifies within the hamsunian universe, together with the sincere hope that an attentive reading will be useful for those interested in Knut Hamsun's misleading style. This article was presented at the Hamsun 2009 Conference during a workshop organized for young researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper intends to introduce a opinionated understanding of the patient-physician communication in the context of research and experimental practice. Some aspects need to be taken into account, as conditions that cannot be overloaded in a patient-physician relationship: 1. the physician as researcher and as clinician; 2. the difference of perspectives and interests between patient and physician; 3. the influence of the non-knowledge (Sartre) on the patient-physician relationship; 4. their different experience. The paper argues the following. First, the asymmetry that distinguishes the patient-physician relationship should to be seen as a resource, contrary to the common opinion that tends to avoid it; second, precisely the process through which informed consent is obtained, if correctly understood, can be a privileged instrument which preserves the quality of this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Orthodox Church during communism era has two histories: one traced by those in power, and one that has been recently revealed through documents discovered and examined by historians. This paper analyzes the situation of the Romanian Orthodox Church immediately after the atheistic communist regime had been installed in Romania, using references taken both from official documents dating during the period of The Patriarch Justinian (The Social Apostolate), and from the archives of the Securitate (The Romanian Secret Services), documents issued by the Department for religions, by the party or taken from the confessional archives. It discusses a series of attitudes and facts that have been interpreted either as acts of abdication from the prophetical mission of the Church or as attempts to survive. The paper's objective is to show that the Patriarch Justinian used "a double discourse" to deal with the challenges of the world he was living in, but still, the Church had a missionary strategy that can generate, at least partially, a model of Christian confession in the context of a secularized society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to contribute to the knowledge of the relevant aspects that configures the child's right to personal identity. To achieve this goal, we analyzed the main elements of the right to identity content that a child should enjoy, namely: the child's right to name, the right to citizenship, the child's right to know his parents and to be cared for, raised and educated by them. The vectors of our analysis are represented by the jurisprudential guidelines in this field of the European Courts - the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union, as well as by the exposure of the most current doctrinal opinions expressed both nationally and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A view on the "methodology" concept in the activity of judicial expertise in the Republic of Moldova. The article presents an analytical paper setting out the causes and ways of solving the process of judicial expertise in the Republic of Moldova with methodological scientific content. Because of the confusion of some fundamental notions of the knowledge process in the field of judicial expertise, there are impediments, which have negative consequences overall judicial process in the country. Due to the analysis and the explanations provided in the article, the work becomes clear and the actions necessary to achieve the omission of the deficiencies in the judicial process.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a report drawn up by Ioan Suciu - the Greek-Catholic bishop of Oradea. The document reveals the consequences of the Dicktat from Viena (30 august 1940) that reassigned the territory of Northern Transylvania from Romania to Hungary. The establishment of the Hungarian administration has shattered the religious life, economic, cultural and social activity of the Greek-Catholic Diocese. Ioan Suciu wrote a report in which presents the situation of the Romanian oppressed by the Hungarian authorities. The document, dated on 11.XII.1940, was addressed to Ion Antonescu, the leader of the Romanian State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]