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Monograms, inscriptions, ornaments and representations of graphic elements were recurring features and constituents of the undergarments of the early twentieth century. This paper aims to present considerations about the visual communication found on this type of artifact between 1900 and 1930. To achieve such, three-dimensional pieces, catalogs and periodicals from the archive of the National Museum of the Costume, in Lisbon - Portugal, were analyzed. In this sense, from the three-dimensional sources, associated with textual and iconographic sources, this study sought to present the multiple forms and uses of visual communication in undergarments, such as types of inscription, location of representations and marks on the pieces, as well as to discuss questions symbolic and historical factors that determine the importance of these characteristics in the configuration of clothing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultural turn that marked the Humanities and Social Sciences in some European countries in the 1960s and 1970s was only established institutionally in Portugal in the late twentieth century. Yet, that turn had an early echo in certain Portuguese intellectual circles. The aim of this essay is to present the first initiatives and figures that introduced such ideas and guidelines in Portugal. It starts with a brief overview of the emergence of Cultural Studies in France and Great Britain. Then it presents the first initiatives and figures that welcomed in Portugal those research programs in a peripheral political and social context characterized by an authoritarian regime implicated in a colonial war. Finally, the paper highlights the role played by university students, writers, publishers and journals of culture and literature outside of the establishment, which emphasize the importance of margins and alternative environments in processes of cultural and scientific reception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to analyse some of the discourses and experiences on educational cinema during the first half of the 20th century in Portugal. The cinepedagogia («cinepedagogy») – as it is named in historical sources – embodies pedagogic activities that benefit from moving images. The use of cinema for education is discoursed since the first decades of the cinematograph, however, it was from the 1920s onwards that the discussion on educational cinema truly developed, and it lasted vividly until the 1950s. Along with a historical contextualisation of this movement in Portugal, the city of Porto was defined as a case study, for instigating the association of cinema and education prematurely and successfully. This research takes advantage of sources that usually aren’t used in the analysis of this phenomenon in Portugal: specialized publications in cinema, such as magazines and newspapers. These sources demonstrate the discussion regarding educational cinema and publicise the concretizations in this field. Therefore, the review of the Portuguese cinematographic magazines, along with bibliographic resources, was fundamental for this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis was amongst the diseases that most afflicted the Portuguese population in the late 19th century and first half of the 20th. Producing thousands of victims annually, given the impotence of medical knowledge and health authorities, the numbers worsened with unhygienic folk practices and customs and increasing urban population and industry. Several physicians rose against the social problem of tuberculosis with the desire to disseminate concepts of hygiene among the population, in actions that gradually took the form of campaigns conducted through national congresses on tuberculosis (1901, 1902, 1904 and 1907). The purpose of this article is not to track in detail the preparation, implementation and acceptance of the congresses of the National League against Tuberculosis, but rather to analyze the content and theme of the papers presented and their evolution, in order to understand the main medical / health concerns, based on the abstracts of such papers published in reputable journals of the time, such as Medicina Contemporânea and Medicina Moderna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the reconstitution of the social professions' itinerary in Portugal during the i and ii Republic, during the period that unfolds between its foundation (1910), the constitution of Estado Novo (1933-1945) and the succession of Salazar (1968), exploring, in particular, the visitadoras (visitors) as one of the central and paradigmatic characters of the constitution of social professions. The paper carries out an historiographical reconstitution based on secondary sources, exploring, especially, the influential figures and movements in the establishment of these emerging professions, the dynamics of rupture and continuity between its pivotal periods, international influences, as well as its gender dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking as reference the social situation of Porto's historic centre in the final years of the dictatorship that lasted in Portugal until 1974, and considering the configuration of State action and the very different forms of civic and political participation of local social agents before and after the transition to democracy, this paper presents some analytic contributions to the development of the sociological debate on the relation the working classes in contemporary cities have been establishing with the State and the universe of civic and political stances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of private life is largely dependent on written sources. As it is anchored in material sources, the research method is based on a material memory so as to reach an immaterial history, understanding the manner in which human beings sees themselves and behave with others. The gentlemen's duels of the 19th-20th centuries in Portugal, as a field of study on private life, possess this dynamic between material and immaterial. The need for a duel code from which ideas and rules were taken for duelling among gentlemen that took place on the margins of State regulation, punishable by law but socially accepted, was visible in the 19th century. Thus the «Ponto de Honra» (Point of Honour) appeared in the 20th century, in an act to officialise that which had been long practiced in the country. This paper intends to analyse how this written code affected the ways of duelling, studying the cases before and after the code's existence, and determining the probable impact on the men of having an accessible national object on which they could justify a tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]