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This paper presents the main macroeconomic policy measures adopted by China in response to the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The main argument of the paper is that it is not possible to understand the process of combating the pandemic and the measures for the recovery of the Chinese economy, without considering the institutional framework of State action and the conduct of macroeconomic policy. We conclude that the Chinese government's strategic performance presents good results in the recovery of economic activity, but it also paves the way for a favorable long-term development path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2009 China has been Brazil's biggest trade partner, and its important ally. However, the nationalist right that won the 2018 elections has a critical perspective of the country. This paper maps the views on China held by the new Brazilian government, both in terms of the economic arguments (protectionism of industry, fear of Chinese control of infrastructure and natural resources) and political concerns (the desire for a diplomatic rapprochement with the United States and anticommunism hostility towards Beijing). The paper claims that these positions are important for foreign policy decision-making and that they complicate relations with China, but that is also necessary to take into account more moderate views from other groups in the administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The broadening of liberal economic policies will trigger the democratization of China. This argument repeated in studies finds their expectations thwarted daily by news of the intensification of the power of the Communist Party of China over the society. The paper analyzes the determination of the national identity based on national humiliation as a strategy to disseminate the legitimacy of the Chinese political elite from a perception of nationalism as essential for maintaining the stability of the regime. It studies the formation of national identity, the constitution of groups within the political elite of China, and the elaboration of the Comprehensive National Power concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change due to global warming will not only have negative effects. In the case of maritime trade, the risk arising from the increase in the average temperature of the planet has some opportunities already being analyzed by various states. One such opportunity relates to the potential use of sea routes through the Arctic, linking the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The purpose of this article is to analyze the implications for maritime trade, resulting from the reduction of the ice cover in the Arctic Ocean and to show which states are shaping the institutions and rules for use of this new opportunity. To achieve this goal, the text was divided into three sections. The first introduces the reader to the projections accessibility to navigation in the Arctic Ocean and the potential shipping routes that are revealed for the maritime trade. The second section of the paper examines how states with territory in the Arctic, as well as those with direct interests in the region, are articulating institutions for this purpose, notably the Arctic Council. The third and final section examines "how" and "why" China, a State exogenous to the Arctic, has managed to implement successful strategies in defense of their interests in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the National Defense Strategies of the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) in order to verify how the four countries evaluate the strategic landscape of this century, especially regarding the balance of power between the Great Powers, their immediate geographical surroundings and their relationship with the US. This work addresses specifically the similarities and differences among them and how these differences reflect in their respective defense policies. Among the four cases, the Brazilian one will be in especial focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to demonstrate that the motivations of China's engagement in Africa go beyond the exploitation of natural resources, revealing political interests of international insertion, external recognition of its status as an international power and participation in the definition of the rules governing the International Order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the trail of Chinese culture in Cuban culture and literature, the paper discusses the Chinese presence in Cuban literature, a subject seldom covered by literary criticism, "The Trail of the... Dragon" is traced in this study from the XVII Century to the present, covering the work of such writers as Severo Sarduy, Ramón Meza, José Martí and José Lezama Lima, outstanding exponents of modernism in Cuban letters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China: stability and economic growth. China experienced an extraordinary economic growth since 1978, while keeping inflation low. Which are the main determinants for this performance and to what point has macroeconomic policy been responsible? Obviously, many factors have been important although none of them may be appointed as the sole determinant. The paper also argues whether China would be able to keep this pace of growth or will slow down, like many other Asian countries. It is argued that China will maintain her average rate of growth in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze China's quest for energetic security and USA reaction, as well as its consequences for the international politics. The central debate is the Chinese ascension depend of external energetic supply that, consequently, unveiling the growing disputes with the USA in a scenario of international reorganization of forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]