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In recent times, teaching human anatomy suffered great changes as an increasing number of mobile devices and due applications (apps) were available to users. This paper aims to perform a systematic review on the characteristics of the most downloaded apps as well as on the impact of such apps in academic performance. A systematic review was performed using databases MEDLINE, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science. The keywords included combinations of word related to the use of apps in human anatomy teaching: "anatomy", "mobile applications", "medical education" and "education". Selected apps belong to Apple iOS system. Initially, 184 papers were identified and 6 remained after selection criteria. Out of the 240 most downloaded apps, 12 (5%) are anatomy specific and free. Nine of these included the major human systems and organs and 3 of them were dedicated to specific tissues (muscles, bone or muscle and bones). Despite a large availability of apps, there is a small scientific production on the usability of human anatomy apps and on their effect on academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the knowledge of people who have built their lives in liaison and interaction with the sea. The knowledge of the Sea People are unique individuals who have knowledge of their grounded in practice with the water and the tide trajectory. The scientific and social relevance of this work is anchored in order to realize that the current education walks valuing the knowledge from the sciences, giving little credit to the common knowledge of such persons. In dialogs built with fishermen and shellfish and narratives of the individuals begin our study. The authors that make this work such as Freire (2005 ), Santos (2008 ) and Gohn (2010 ) discuss important aspects for understanding and reflection of the study. In the narratives of the actors and authors of the research realized that their knowledge are grounded in their culture, serving for the construction of their actions and practices. Fishing, shellfishing, live in the sea are some activities and behaviors that reinforce the identity of these individuals. We understand that the experience of life at sea is a decisive factor in the formation of populations of the sea. Commitments to life, participating in the work the research subjects, validate their knowledge as a web that leads its existence, and make them aware subjects in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on two independent studies conducted by Rodrigues (2009) and Guimarães (2010). These studies examined intertemporal changes with respect to two educational dimensions: academic achievement and grade progression probability, in Brazil. They employed two distinct databases (SAEB and PNAD) and also two distinct methods (counterfactual decomposition and school transitions models). In both studies, the year of 1999 drew attention because of a throwback in terms of average achievement and low chances of progression. The results show that the effects of student social origins explain a large amount of the low educational outcomes (both achievement and inequality of opportunity) observed in this period and suggest the existence of an interrelationship between achievement and school flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School accountability in Brazil: experiences and difficulties. This paper analyses the most important experiences with school accountability policy (SA) in Brazil. The analysis suggests that their impacts on the quality of education are not significant due to the fact that: (i) either it does not incorporate a system in which the school is responsible for the students' performance; (ii) or the incentive schemes are not appropriately designed. Finally, it discusses the main barriers to the adoption of an efficient SA at the national level in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]