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This paper analyzes the advertising campaign Sócio Olímpico-Cadeiras Cativas, created by Osvaldo Moles for the São Paulo Futebol Clube. Ran from 1955 to 1959, the campaign sought to raise funds for the construction of Morumbi Stadium, through the sale of club memberships. The newspapers' advertisements showed an intense promotion of the Sócio Olímpico title as a factor of social distinction. Nonetheless, numerous elements have revealed that, on the contrary, the Campaign had a clear massified dimension, supported also by widely accessible purchasing conditions. The paper thus aims to expand the investigation of the publicity and commercializing and comprehend the coexistence of the massive and differentiate within the same propaganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper traces the history of neoshamanism in Brazil through bibliographical and documentary research, participation in rituals, personal interviews and questionnaires. First, we investigated the emergence of the concept of shamanism in the West and its consequent fusion with ideas of nature in the 19th century. We analyze the development of contemporary shamanism under indigenous leadership and its openings and mergers with the modern world, as well as, conversely, the creation of the movement under the leadership of academics and their searches for tradition. In the second part, we investigate how this movement happened in Brazil, and we try to create a short history of the movement in the country, through the stories of four important figures of this religious movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article seeks to perform a critical evaluation of the reception of the book 'Brazil under Vargas', published in 1942 by Karl Loewenstein, in order to assess how the author interpreted the criticism that he received in specialized journals, positive or negative, about his work. Loewenstein's perception of this critical fortune will be reconstructed from the active and passive correspondence preserved in the special collection The Karl Loewenstein Papers, at Amherst College. The final objective is to perform a critical evaluation of the nuances of the work's reception, demonstrating how the author reacted to certain conceptual arguments, especially regarding Loewenstein's definition of Vargas' Estado Novo as an authoritarian and, therefore, non-totalitarian political system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the deposition of ceramics in funerary contexts of Iron Age Britain. The study focuses on the Yorkshire region during the 4th-2nd centuries BC, drawing on data obtained from a total of one hundred and twenty-three burials. The paper begins with a discussion of the contexts of the ceramic finds, including an exploration of the artefacts' previous uses in relation to commensality rites. It next addresses the use of mnemonic strategies during burials, with a particular focus on the intentional breaking of vases. Thirdly, the discussion delves into the profiles of the people buried with ceramics, with particular regard to sex and age. In this vein, it seeks to indicate the existence of certain patterns of distribution -- particularly among adult females -- which vary significantly according to the age of death among both sexes. The paper ultimately concludes that the deposition of ceramics in burials indicates a reality of relative fluidity among genders in the funerary sphere. Alongside the central analysis, the discussion also provides a critical assessment of the historiographical debate on the aesthetics of British Iron Age pottery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper contains a translation of Steven Shapin's article entitled Is There a Crisis of Truth? published in the Los Angeles Review of Books in December 2019. The translation was made in contact with the author and with the editor of the aforementioned journal, Michele Pridmore-Brown. Shapin kindly provided us with an appendix about the article, presenting a brief update on the theme, almost two years after its publication. Seeking the best way to present an article that deals with current issues, we bring a brief biography of the author, as well as a reflective effort on how the "Truth Crisis" and denialism have been conveyed and debated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper aims the action of the governor Mauro Borges Teixeira (1961-1964) in the squatter decommissoning movement, in the begginning of 1960's, when the staged a single-minded resistance against the land expropriation by land grabbers, farmers na profitters, that aspired to soak up the land market emmerd by the construction of Brasilia. In order couted whith a support program created by the USA after the Second World War, aimed to prevent spreading communist over Latin America, The Point Four Program. The punishmen to the land grabbers took place in the moment that came up the first reports of a help and agreement between the Governor of Goiás and USA Goverment through that program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main argument consists in the acceptance of a non-anthropocentric Amerindian cosmological imperative that forest can be understood by the Human Sciences as an active historical subject, producer of knowledge, meanings and communications, even if it is not symbolic or humanly linguistic. For this purpose, we are going to realize a theoretical and anthropological discussion of ethnographic writings in the sense of supporting the possibility of understanding as epistemologically valid the existence of a semiotic, which grounds the recognition and intercommunication between animals-humans, animals non-humans and other kingdoms in forest cohabitation, understanding forest itself as a subjectively constituted and self-determined entity. To achieve that understanding we are going to divide our writing into two parts. First, we are going to study the anthropology of Eduardo Kohn about a semiotics of forests, which confers them an active subject status, as producers of knowledge and languages. In the second part of our paper, we are going to address the concept of terricídio, as thought by the leaders of the Movimiento de Mujeres Indígenas por el Buen Vivir nation in the claim for legal recognition of the murder of forests as a heinous crime. Such process is established precisely by recognizing the sacred, individual, communicational, cognitive and thinking character of forests and their complex interrelational network of coexisting inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to comprehend the social and legal movements that circulated in Brazil in the 20s of the 19th century and to describe how the concepts of constitution, Independence, monarchy, republic and law circulated in that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of the transatlantic slave trade in the political history of Pernambuco between 1817 and the 1840s, through the trajectory of two major slave traders, father and son, who operated from Recife and their plantation, one of the largest in the province. Both of them always sided with the crown and the conservative party in provincial politics. The father, a Portuguese citizen, was arrested by the Republican government in 1817. The son was not white, nevertheless, he held a prominent role among Recife merchants and married the daughter of another important slave dealer, perhaps forming the wealthiest couple in Pernambuco. In the Atlantic slave trade scale, Pernambuco ranks fourth among the African slave trade destinations between the 16th and 19th centuries. The study of these trajectories helps us to understand the political role of major slave traders and their networks in the context of Brazilian Independence and the transition to legal businesses after the slave trade became illegal, in 1831. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive Pombaline anti-Jesuitic propaganda, in the context of the king's decision of officially extinguishing the Society of Jesus in Portugal, on September 3, 1759, made turn the Jesuits into the quintessential de humanizers of human history, enemies of modern States and paganizers of the Church. According to the conspiracy doctrine typical of plot myths, the Jesuits are identified as the main, if not the only, root of all the evils that happened in the Church and in to the contemporary societies. This radically negative perspective creates an actual black myth and contrasts with other readings, some of which are radically different. As such, the Ignatians are also seen as the modernizers of the Church and qualified advisors to Kings and Princes, forerunners of human rights. This paper revisits and critically analyzes the characterization of these contrasting views, which make the Jesuits, both agents of dehumanization and humanization, from the perspective of the history of thought between the Early Modern and Modern periods. It also aims to know, beyond the blurry imagery created by anti- and pro-Jesuitic polemics, if we can consider the Jesuits relevant to a protohistory of human rights in the transition to the Contemporary Modern Period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse substantial aspects of everyday life in a Jesuit mission on the Portuguese Amazon in the mid-18th century, within the context of the reforms implemented under Pombal. The source for this investigation is the so-called Trier Dictionary, written in the Xingu valley, before 1756, and rediscovered, in 2012, in Europe. The insertion of numerous comments and examples in this manuscript allows us to perceive features of the ways and conditions of life that go beyond the standardized narrative of colonial chronicles. To a certain extent, the entries reproduce the speaking and feeling of indigenous people who, even within a regime of control, managed to preserve essential elements of their original traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its foundation until the present, the Misericórdias have occupied preexisting buildings to ensure the fulfillment of their assistance activity, to organize their daily life and to celebrate the mass. It is in this context that in 1768 the Misericórdia of Lisbon installed itself in the professed house in Lisbon -- the Professed House of São Roque. This paper seeks to deepen the context of the occupation of the professed house and simultaneously reflect on the relationship that the Misericórdias established with architecture and with the built space, which since the beginning of its foundation has always been particular and determinant. The process will be analyzed considering the donation of the building from São Roque to the Misericórdia, but also other donations made to the same institution, as the College of Santo Antão for the installation of the All-Saints Royal Hospital and the assets of the extinct brotherhoods installed in the professed house, and it will be highlighted how all these donations contributed to consolidate the position of the Misericórdia, reinforcing its material and financial conditions for a more convenient pursuit of its assistance objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches Brasilia not so much from the usual perspective of its architectural and urbanistic configuration, but above all as a swift and substantial real estate enterprise developed at territorial scale. It analyses some of the methods proposed to assign plots and land parcels in the future Federal District since the end of the 1940s and focuses on the actions taken by Novacap (government agency in charge of planning and building the new capital city) as real estate developer, between 1956 and 1960. The aim is to reveal the rationale underlying those actions, especially when organizing uses and occupation in different spaces of the territory, by allocating them to specific social groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to revitalize the legacy of historian Rafael Altamira, a survivor from Spanish Nationalist State who left the country to live in exile at the end of the civil war. Throughout his life, he also resisted Franco's regime. The historian was targeted by Franco's officers, moved to America and established himself in Mexico as an expatriate agent of the resistance in the intellectual field. Because of that he had his works continually submitted to new publishing requirements, such as having passages suppressed in book translations and having books banned or revalidated by the censorship judgment. The aims of the present research are to identify the rules imposed by censorship apparatus and the way it functioned to ban or to allow the partial or total publication of those works. Thereby, we demonstrate the lasting surveillance on those works and their respective authors, editors and readers, subjected to an atmosphere of suspicion and guilt. By means of this study, it will be delineated the vicissitudes of a dictatorial regime which deprived the freedom of expression of intellectuals and which limited them to silence and self-repression. Also, it condemned others to be in exile as a way of cultural survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to reflect on the political function of the arbítrios, through a memorial written by Luis de Ribera, which deals with a topic related to the ecclesiastical government of Peru. The arbítrios were proposals addressed to the king for the solution of problems in several spheres of the government, especially financial matters. They had their heyday in Spain from the middle of the 16th century, and from the first decades of the 17th century we can observe an arbitrism centered on American issues, although to a lesser extent than the Castilian arbitrism. Ecclesiastical issues were of great importance in the Spanish territories in America, due to the fact that sovereignty over the new lands was justified by the evangelization of the natives. Ribera's memorial offered a solution to one of these issues, the rivalry between the religious orders and the secular clergy; from this we will consider the influence of these writings on political issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at discussing the main socioeconomical, political and demographic transformations that come with the process of social and economical development of Foz do Iguaçu city, in order to understand how it was constituted the social environment marked by poverty, mass vulnerability and social desfiliation in which live important segments of the working population. It is observed that both the international economic policy, which in face of the crisis of capitalism in the years 1960 and 1970 looked for new ways of capitalization, and the model of subordinated and dependent capitalist development adopted by the governments of Latin America conditioned the process of development of Foz do Iguaçu and region. In the same way, it is observed that the particularities and singularities that characterize Foz do Iguaçu and the region of the triple border were decisive in this process, contributing not only for the weakening of organization ways and the effectuation of production relations based on statutes of the salary society, but also for the same to establish itself in Foz do Iguaçu and region, long before other Brazilian regions, producing poverty, insecurity and social destitution for those who depend on work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]