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This paper approaches Brasilia not so much from the usual perspective of its architectural and urbanistic configuration, but above all as a swift and substantial real estate enterprise developed at territorial scale. It analyses some of the methods proposed to assign plots and land parcels in the future Federal District since the end of the 1940s and focuses on the actions taken by Novacap (government agency in charge of planning and building the new capital city) as real estate developer, between 1956 and 1960. The aim is to reveal the rationale underlying those actions, especially when organizing uses and occupation in different spaces of the territory, by allocating them to specific social groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]