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Neither the gender aspects of racial discrimination nor the racial aspects of gender discrimination are fully comprehended within human rights discourses. Building on the growing recognition that race and gender discrimination are not mutually exclusive phenomena, this background paper forwards a provisional framework to identify various forms of subordination that can be said to reflect the interactive effects of race and gender discrimination. It suggests a provisional protocol to be followed to better identify the occasions in which such interactive discrimination may have occurred, and posits further that the responsibility to address the causes and consequences of such discrimination be shared widely among all human rights institutions.

The impact of women judges in addressing gender-based issues, particularly in Africa, is largely under-researched both at the regional and country-specific levels. This paper researches on the impact of women judges in selected gender-based cases in Ghana – that is spousal property rights cases. The paper seeks to answer the primary question: in addressing spousal property rights in Ghana, have women at the bench made a difference? In answering this question, a doctrinal analysis of purposively selected cases was conducted which led to a finding that women judges did not make a difference in the development of the law on spousal property rights in Ghana. The findings and recommendations made in this paper are expected to contribute to the understanding of how female participation in judging gender-based cases have influenced and could potentially influence the interests and rights of women as well as to inform the policy choice of women judges. Se ha investigado demasiado poco, tanto a nivel regional como nacional, sobre el efecto de que haya juezas que se ocupen de temas de género, sobre todo en África. Este artículo investiga el impacto de juezas en casos seleccionados, basados en género, de Ghana –es decir, casos de derecho de propiedad conyugal. El artículo busca responder a esta pregunta: ¿han marcado la diferencia las mujeres de la judicatura en cuanto a derechos de propiedad conyugal en Ghana? Se realizó un análisis doctrinal de casos seleccionados intencionalmente, y ello llevó a descubrir que no hubo tal diferencia. Esperamos que los hallazgos y recomendaciones recogidos en este artículo ayuden a comprender mejor cómo la participación de las mujeres en el enjuiciamiento de casos basados en género ha podido influir y puede influir potencialmente en los intereses y derechos de las mujeres; y, por otro lado, a informar la elección de políticas de las juezas.

El fenómeno de la feminización docente desde una perspectiva de género no es un fenómeno relacionado únicamente con el número de hombres y mujeres en la profesión o con una diferencia de sexo (Vianna, 2002, 2013; Yannoulas, 2011; Moura, 2016). Es el resultado de un proceso histórico de construcción de la profesión, presente en la división sexual en el trabajo docente (Moura, 2016), de las relaciones de poder y consecuente inserción de las mujeres en profesiones vinculadas a funciones consideradas femeninas y socialmente más devaluadas (Viana, 2013). Además, resulta de una organización social que privilegia dicotomías, como la asignación de las mujeres a la esfera reproductiva y la de los hombres a la esfera productiva (Louro, 1997; Vianna, 2002; Hirata & Kergoat, 2007; Moura, 2016), aún reproducida por las prácticas sociales, incluida la escuela (Rial, Lago & Grossi, 2005).

This paper analyses the controversy over the phenomenon of street harassment under a legal perspective. Firstly, this paper studies the phenomenon itself, its impact on the victims and the problems caused by the lack of Spanish and European penal regulation. Secondly, considering a possible Spanish penal system reform, we discuss the options that Belgian and French comparative Law offers to tackle street harassment. These two countries have reformed their Penal Codes to sanction this phenomenon. Both initiatives, though well-intentioned, run the risk of becoming waste paper.

This chapter reviews data from earlier empirical research to consider the boundaries between the social position of women as indicated by their personal, family and sexual relationship. The monogamous or “good” woman has long been distinguished from the women who profit from sexual relationships often labelled as “prostitutes”. But there are new groups emerging at the borderlines of sexwork, in particular “sponsoring” whereby a man may provide a woman with full financial security in return not only for sex but for companionship in various activities related to work or entertainment. This paper asks how this role is perceived, as it includes elements of traditional marriage as well as traditional sexwork. Este artículo revisa datos de investigaciones empíricas anteriores para reflexionar sobre los límites de la posición social de las mujeres según sus relaciones personales, familiares y sexuales. Siempre se ha diferenciado a la mujer monógama o “buena” de las mujeres que obtienen beneficio de sus relaciones sexuales y que han sido etiquetadas como “prostitutas”. Pero hay nuevos grupos que están emergiendo en las líneas fronterizas del trabajo sexual; en particular, el "patrocinio", mediante el cual un hombre proporciona una seguridad financiera a una mujer a cambio no sólo de sexo, sino también de compañía en actividades varias relacionadas con negocios o placer. Este artículo se pregunta cómo se percibe este rol, ya que incluye elementos del matrimonio tradicional y del trabajo sexual tradicional. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=3276009

Google imágenes se ha convertido en uno de los principales diccionarios visuales a nivel mundial. Cada día, miles de usuarios buscan en él imágenes de todo tipo, y las selecciones que se realizan sirven a Google para seguir mejorando en las nuevas búsquedas al retroalimentarse con las preferencias de los propios usuarios. Así, Google imágenes representa parte del inconsciente colectivo visual de un país, y por tanto, al igual que sus ciudadanos, las imágenes mostradas pueden contener diferentes sesgos como el de género o sexualidad. Dentro del inmenso abanico de categorías que Google puede ofrecer, la investigación se centra en las imágenes ofrecidas relacionadas con el ámbito laboral. Se analizaron más de 100 profesiones y sus diferencias entre género (enfermero/enfermera, bombero/bombera, profesor/profesora, etc.) según la sexualidad mostrada (ninguna/implícita/explícita). En total, más de 17,500 imágenes, 50 por cada profesión, y de cada una, su versión masculina y femenina. Los resultados denotan sesgos en ciertas profesiones, donde el género femenino está mucho más sexualizado e infrarrepresentado que el masculino. Se concluye que la discriminación sexual laboral encontrada es un reflejo y resultado de los significados visuales de una sociedad, y que, por tanto, aunque Google no sea culpable de las preferencias de sus usuarios, sí debería responsabilizarse más y tomar medidas con la sexualidad y sexismo laboral ofrecido

Ecuador, es un país con escasa trayectoria y producción intelectual de parte de las universidades, en el país existen 55 universidades (CACES, 2019). Este estudio multimetódico realiza una compilación de la historia mediata del proceso de investigación de la comunicación, a partir de la puesta en vigencia de la Ley de Educación Superior (LOES-2010), para ello, estudia a 27 escuelas y facultades de comunicación de Ecuador. Hace análisis comparativo de la comunidad académica ecuatoriana, conformada por los docentes con formación de cuarto nivel, 161 en total, toma como referencia los siguientes indicadores: Notoriedad y prestigio que aporta el índice H, calculado desde el perfil del google académico; y género con mayor presencia y reputación académica. Los resultados demuestran que los procesos de investigación fueron marcados por: El mandato Constituyente N0. 14 (2008), que bajo la evaluación del CONEA, clausura las ofertas académicas en categoría E; un segundo proceso de evaluación institucional realizado por el CEAACES (2008); y, la vigencia y consolidación del Sistema Interinstitucional de Aseguramiento de la Calidad de Educación Superior (SIAC) que se encuentra fundamentado en art. 94 de la (LOES- 2014) y que propende, el aseguramiento continuo de la calidad y como tal fomenta la investigación. Se evidencia que el género masculino es el que mayor presencia tiene dentro de la docencia e investigación en comunicación, pese a que la comunicación ha sido una carrera tradicionalmente de mujeres.

This research paper aims to see to what extent a project of revitalization of playgrounds contributes to improving coexistence, conflict resolution, and the participation of boys and girls in sport and physical activities. The paper also aims to know the level of motivation and interest the project could have for the students. For this, after initial assessment, a project of revitalization of recreations was designed, and after a few days of training, it was implemented for a month in a primary school in Spain, with 179 students (98 boys and 81 girls) from 1 to 6 grades; it was carried out in the school playground during a 30-minute recess period. The project consisted of two phases of training; the first one explained different games through training days; the second phase featured free recreation and independent work. The project opted for a mixed methodology of collecting information; this methodology included an information questionnaire and participant observation. The study concludes by highlighting the students’ high interest and motivation, the increasing participation, both boys and girls in physical and sports activities, and the reduction of conflicts between students of the center.

Resumo Objetivo: Os homens estão mais inclinados a assumir riscos do que as mulheres? A resposta a essa pergunta é de relevância imediata para várias questões econômicas, incluindo o comportamento humano em relação ao consumo de medicamentos e procedimentos médicos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os benefícios percebidos do consumo de medicamentos, centrado na avaliação do risco farmacêutico. Originalidade/valor: A literatura documenta que riscos e benefícios podem ser considerados os principais trade-offs na tomada de decisão do consumidor, inclusive na indústria farmacêutica. É um tema atual com alto potencial de impacto social por causa dos muitos casos identificados de Covid-19. Nos países em desenvolvimento, a maioria dos medicamentos é utilizada por indivíduos que se automedicam, pois o acesso aos cuidados de saúde pode ser insuficiente. A automedicação é um problema potencialmente maior, pois nesse caso o uso de medicamentos geralmente segue o conselho de amigos, parentes e vizinhos. No entanto, há pouca evidência empírica sobre esse problema no contexto dos países emergentes. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Trata-se de uma pesquisa com mais de mil indivíduos em que se utilizou um modelo de regressão estendido (MRE) em um dos maiores países do mundo, o Brasil. Resultados: De acordo com os resultados obtidos, as mulheres percebem mais riscos e benefícios do uso de medicamentos e procedimentos médicos. A percepção dos benefícios dos medicamentos pode ser explicada pelas seguintes dimensões: risco (danos pessoais, alerta de risco e conhecimento do risco), gênero, uso regular e benefícios dos procedimentos médicos. Em relação às dimensões de risco, quanto menor a percepção de danos pessoais e quanto maior a percepção de alerta e conhecimento de risco, maiores os benefícios percebidos do uso de medicamentos./ Abstract Purpose: Are men more inclined to assume risks than women? The answer to this question is immediately relevant to various economic issues, including human behavior concerning medical remedies and procedures consumption. This paper aims to identify the perceived benefits of the consumption of medications centered on pharmaceutical risk assessment. Originality/value: The literature documents that risks and benefits can be considered the main trade-offs in consumer decision-making, including the pharmaceutical industry. It is a current theme with a high potential for social impact due to the many identified cases of Covid-19. In developing countries, most medication is used by self-medicating individuals, as access to health care can be insufficient. Self-medication is a potentially greater problem, as in this case, medication usage often follows advice from friends, relatives, and neighbors. Yet, there is little empirical evidence regarding this problem in the context of emerging countries. Design/methodology/approach: A survey of over 1,000 subjects using an extended regression model (ERM) in one of the biggest countries in the world, Brazil. Findings: The results reported that women perceive more risks and benefits from medication usage and medical procedures. The perception of the benefits of medications can be explained by the following dimensions: risk (personal injury, risk alertness, and risk awareness), gender, regular usage, and the benefits of medical procedures. Regarding risk dimensions, the lower the perceptions of personal injury and the higher the perceptions of risk alertness and risk awareness, the greater the perceived benefits of medication usage.

In this paper we argue that social representations are a key mechanism through which knowledge about intimate partner violence is shared and understood. We draw on in-depth interviews with 11 men who had perpetrated violence against an intimate woman partner and analyse the social representations of masculinities, femininities and violence that emerge from men’s narratives about their lives and relationships. We analyse men’s social representations of violence primarily through the lens of respectability involving both masculine and feminine forms of respectability, which contribute to the maintenance of patriarchy. We show how the narrative of respectability is held together by representations of masculine heroism and feminine masochism and the findings cast light on how acts of violence are shaped by a range of intersections and structural oppressions. Social representations of gender and intimate partner violence also show how individual men’s narratives about violence are largely influenced by their peers, kin and wider community norms that make violence against women acceptable. Este artículo defiende que las representaciones sociales son un mecanismo clave a través del que se comparte y entiende el conocimiento sobre la violencia dentro de la pareja. Basándose en entrevistas en profundidad con 11 hombres que habían cometido actos de violencia contra su compañera íntima, se analizan las representaciones sociales de la masculinidad, la feminidad y la violencia que emergen de los relatos de hombres sobre sus vidas y relaciones. Se analizan las representaciones sociales de la violencia que realizan los hombres, principalmente a través de la lente de la respetabilidad, involucrando tanto formas de respetabilidad masculinas como femeninas, lo que contribuye al mantenimiento del patriarcado. Se muestra cómo la narración de la respetabilidad se integra por representaciones de heroísmo masculino y masoquismo femenino, y los hallazgos arrojan luz sobre cómo una serie de intersecciones y opresiones estructurales dan forma a actos violentos. Las representaciones sociales de género y violencia dentro de la pareja también muestran cómo los relatos de hombres individuales sobre la violencia están muy influenciados por sus compañeros, familiares y normas comunitarias más amplias que convierten en aceptable la violencia contra las mujeres.DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2700202

This paper discusses the importance of integrating an interseccional approach into the feminist research process. From this perspective, it is no longer sufficient to only visibilize the relationship of domination with regard to gender only, while forgetting how this system of power is articulated by, and co-constituted with other factors (e.g. race, social class, sexuality, etc.), which would mean to reinforce the logics of oppression and exclusion criticized by feminism itself. Thus, this paper focuses particularly on the concept of coloniality of gender. Proposed by decolonial feminism, a notion which enriches the way of understanding feminist researches.

This paper maps out three themes around which studies on Brazilian immigration to Portugal have revolved: "Class and Work"; "Gender and Prostitution" and "Identity Processes.” The first theme considers the division of migratory flows to Portugal into two "waves" differentiated by the social class of the migrants. The profusion of academic papers on "Gender and Prostitution" leaves open the question about the genealogy of the "mark of prostitution" that has stigmatized Brazilian female immigrants. Finally, “Identity processes” are marked by the ambivalence of miscegenation, a component of an imagined Brazilian identity and of an imagined Portuguese identity.

Feminism, motherhood and the media - historically close relations in review – We start from the premise that motherhood is a social construct increasingly linked to communication processes, especially in the voluptuous offer of advice and guidelines of what is to be a mother. Taking on from this idea, this paper seeks to situate such debate. Based on the main approaches about motherhood in feminist studies, the paper presents a state-focused approach of this research in Brazil, bringing attention to three thematic-theoretical axes and to potential topics yet to be explored in media and motherhood studies.

Based on a survey developed in three Brazilian state capitals, this paper presents data and interpretations about the sexual practices and management of sexual desire among male and female youth. The findings indicate a close connection between gender and sexuality in modeling individuals' sexual trajectories and subjectivities. There is a higher acceptance of practices formerly considered to be deviant, revealing that sexual morality among youth has acquired a more modern configuration. This paper argues that there is a differentiated modernization of sexual values: gender disparities were detected in the answers of respondents in all social environments. The increasing flexibility of individual trajectories does not necessarily lead to gender equality. The affirmation that the individualizing process coexists with the persistence of traditional gender ideology entails the recognition that men and women's, and different generations' and social segments' modernization paths do not evolve in the same way.

This paper proposes to articulate an analytical scheme for understanding the use of drugs in advanced societies from the gender perspective and its intersections with other inequality axis such as age, social class, race and ethnicity. These dimensions define not only the access to different substances –in terms of normative and resources- but also the different uses and their social valuation. For this purpose, we expose the main gender dimensions as an analytical category: structural, symbolic and individual. Furthermore, we intend to broaden this view exploring the intra-inter gender differences and inequalities present in the various uses of drugs from an intersectional framework. Our aim is to break with standardised categories in order to project a multidimensional analysis, from which to reflect in how other imbricated differences with gender make possible for women and men to use certain substances, conditioning their social effects.Este trabajo propone articular un esquema analítico para la comprensión de los usos de drogas en las sociedades avanzadas desde la perspectiva de género y su intersección con otros ejes de desigualdad, como la edad, la clase social, la raza y la etnia, que marcan tanto el acceso a las diferentes sustancias –en términos normativos y de recursos– como sus diferentes usos y valoraciones sociales. Para ello, exponemos las principales dimensiones del género como categoría analítica: estructural, simbólica e individual. A continuación, pretendemos ampliar esta mirada indagando, desde un marco interseccional, en las diferencias y desigualdades inter e intragénero presentes en diversos usos de drogas. Buscamos con esto romper con categorizaciones estandarizadas, para proyectar un análisis multidimensional desde donde reflexionar sobre cómo otras diferencias imbricadas con el género posibilitan que mujeres y hombres hagan determinados usos de sustancias y condicionan sus efectos sociales. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2111917

By presenting some of the ideas constructed on masculinity and femininity, this paper aims at clarifying such concepts, in plain language, from a critical –and gender-sensitive– point of view, and make such information available to a wider public, without undermining, however, the importance of conveying ideas in academic and scientific terms, as well. Therefore, its purpose is to clarify the nature of both concepts in the construction of the individual’s identity, particularly in the case of men whose identity is based on the rejection of femininity. This paper explains how such constructions are permeated by social mandates, which manifestation will depend on the culture. It also alerts us on the challenge of education in deconstructing gender-based stereotypes.

Este trabalho buscou identificar e dar visibilidade às múltiplas dimensões da pobreza, incluindo aí seus aspectos espaciais e as particularidades das desigualdades de gênero em Porto Alegre. Ele está baseado em resultados de pesquisa, na qual foram entrevistadas 16386 pessoas vivendo em situação de pobreza nas diferentes regiões da cidade. A pesquisa buscou uma mudança de foco na análise sobre pobreza ao enfatizar o peso das dimensões que as pessoas consideram relevante para uma vida "digna de ser vivida". Os resultados evidenciaram a importância de dimensões como habitação, saúde e educação para viabilizar às pessoas uma vida "digna de ser vivida". Igualmente, mostraram as diferenças nas privações entre homens e mulheres, a heterogeneidade entre as regiões de Porto Alegre e, em especial, as formas como homens e mulheres vivenciam e manifestam suas percepções acerca da pobreza e das privações.This paper aims to discuss the importance of multidimensionality in understanding poverty in Porto Alegre, as well as to identify the spatial and gender disparities among its regions. The paper was based on a dataset from a survey conducted in 2007, in a two-stage methodology in which 16386 people living in poverty were interviewed. The results enabled the researchers to highlight the importance of dimensions such as habitation, health and education to allow people to "live a "dignified life". It also shows the differences in deprivations between men and women, the heterogeneity among the Porto Alegre regions and, in particular, the way in which men and women shape their perceptions of poverty and deprivation.

As representações de gênero sobre o universo dos contos de fadas foram apreendidas em momentos de pesquisa-ação com crianças em uma escola pública em Campo Grande, capital do Mato Grosso do Sul. A pesquisa faz parte de estudo mais amplo, com apoio do CNPq, que apresenta dois eixos teórico-metodológicos: a pesquisa bibliográfica com a coleta, a seleção e a análise de livros infantis com as temáticas da sexualidade, gênero e diversidades; e a pesquisa-ação com crianças e adolescentes. Nesta segunda perspectiva, priorizaram-se discussões a partir de produção textual (escrita e ilustrativa) aliada à leitura e à discussão de livros para a infância coletados no primeiro eixo da investigação. No presente texto, apresento alguns dados do segundo eixo. Nele, buscamos entender como as crianças constroem representações de gênero a partir da descrição física e comportamental de princesas e príncipes dos contos de fadas clássicos. Observamos que suas representações são ligadas ao que socialmente e em termos hegemônicos é considerado ideal de masculinidade e feminilidade. Algumas resistências são observadas na produção textual dos meninos. As meninas parecem mais conformadas aos ditames de gênero, considerados como a possibilidade ideal e desejável para a sua constituição identitária.Gender representations in fairy tales were the focus of an action research with public school children in Campo Grande, Brazil. This paper is part of a larger study, funded by CNPq, which involves two moments: bibliographical reasearch for the selectio and analysis of children's books dealing with sexuality, gender and diversity, and the action research with children and adolescents. In this second moment, the emphasis is on the discussion of narrative and pictorial texts produced by the children and on the reading of the books selected. This paper presents some of the data collected in the second moment of the project. We seek to understand how they construct gender representations based on the physical and behavioral descriptions of princesses and princes in classical fairy tales. We have observed that the representations are connected to socially hegemonic ideals of masculinity and femininity. Some resistance appears in the textual productions of the boys. The girls seem to conform to gender norms as ideal and desirable for their personal identities.

O presente artigo analisa a trajetória e consolidação do Movimento de Mulheres Negras (MMN) na cena pública brasileira ao longo dos últimos trinta anos. Através de entrevistas com militantes pioneiras e participantes desse movimento social bem como de levantamento de fontes documentais, o estudo teve o intuito de compreender quais processos subjazem a constituição desse novo sujeito coletivo, seus dilemas e redes de solidariedade com outros movimentos sociais, o lugar das hierarquias de gênero e raça em suas reivindicações, além do seu processo de institucionalização/burocratização e sua articulação com o Estado brasileiro.This paper examines the trajectory and consolidation process of the Afro-Brazilian Women's Social Movement in the public sphere over the last thirty years. Trough interviews with activists and participants of this social movement as well as survey of documental sources, the study had the aim to understand those processes that underlying the constitution of these collective political subjects, and their dilemmas and solidarity networks with other social movements. Furthermore, this paper also discusses the role of hierarchies of gender and race in the Afro-Brazilian Women's Social Movement claims, and its process of institutionalization / bureaucratization along with its articulation with the Brazilian state.

O artigo contém uma reflexão sobre o paradoxo do Brasil mestiço e sobre as estreitas relações entre racialização e gênero a partir da análise de alguns autores clássicos e outros atuais. O artigo analisa os processos distintos de elaboração da racialização por que passam esses autores, às vezes de forma teórica e outras vezes baseada em suas pesquisas empíricas e, ainda, uma reflexão do entrelaçamento desses dois conceitos com o de gênero. Em alguns momentos, faço comparações e comentários relativos à minha própria pesquisa de campo sobre o tema.This paper reflects on the paradox of a mestizo Brazil and the close relationship between racialization and gender through the analysis of classic and current authors. The article discusses the different processes involved in these authors' study of racialization, based both on theory and their empirical researches; and considers the intertwining of these two concepts with that of gender. Throughout the paper, the author draws comparisons and makes comments on her own field research on the subject.

Resumo Este artigo analisa parte do discurso que a Igreja Católica teceu sobre as mulheres, enfatizando o tema da maternidade durante o século XIX. O enfoque parte da Bulla Sylabus (1864), expedida no pontificado de Pio IX, e da encíclica Rerum Novarum (1891), do Papa Leão XIII. Entre a segunda metade do século XIX e a Primeira Guerra Mundial, a Igreja passou pelo processo conhecido como "romanização", caracterizado pela preocupação moral e disciplinar do clero diante de críticas do laicado, além da promoção de ordens e congregações religiosas. O objetivo deste artigo é, portanto, discutir como aquela instituição definiu um papel social feminino vinculado à ideia do amor materno, divulgado como natural e incondicional. A partir da contribuição dos estudos de gênero, aborda a atribuição de características masculinas e femininas para a distinção não apenas biológica entre homens e mulheres. Concluiu-se que, na longa duração, o discurso católico passou de uma postura misógina - de recusa do sexo feminino - à incorporação das mulheres como público essencial para a sustentação do catolicismo diante das propostas de laicização da sociedade ocidental contemporânea. Palavras-chave: Mulheres; Discurso católico; Maternidade; Gênero. AbstractThis paper discusses part of the discourse that the Catholic Church built in order to define woman's role in the 19th century, emphasizing representations of motherhood. The focus starts with Pius IX's Bulla Sylabus (1864) and Pope Lion XIII's Rerum Novarum (1891). Between the second half of the 19th century and World War I, the Catholic Church underwent a process known as "Romanization", characterized by the clergy's moral and disciplinary concern in face of the laity's criticism, and by the promotion of new religious orders and congregations. The paper considers, therefore, how the Catholic Church defined a social female role linked to the idea of maternal love, diffused as natural and unconditional. With basis on the contribution of cultural history and gender studies, it demonstrates how that Church attributed male and female characteristics to the distinction not merely biological between men and women, associating the latter with the idea of motherhood and natural love for their children. It concludes that, through time, the Church has changed its misogyny discourse - refusing the female sex - into one that incorporates women as essential to support Catholicism in facing the laicization of contemporary western society. Key words: Women; Catholic discourse; Motherhood; Gender.

O objetivo desse artigo é refletir sobre o tema da educação sexual à luz dos conceitos de ética, liberdade e autonomia. Na perspectiva aqui adotada, não se trata de definir a priori conceitos que nos dariam uma grade de categorias que pudessem estabelecer o que é ético e o que não é ético. Tão somente, não se trata de estabelecer um critério distintivo do que seja moral e, por conseguinte, prescritivo e normativo, do que é princípio ético, objeto de livre escolha dos indivíduos e, portanto, emblema de sua autonomia. Trata-se de remeter os problemas éticos à dinâmica imanente das práticas sociais. Considerando a ética como uma prática refletida da liberdade, trata-se de exercitar tal prática, encorajando os/as atores/as a debater em torno das decisões e escolhas a serem feitas. Deste modo, esse artigo se volta para as seguintes questões: De que forma poderia a sexualidade ser trabalhada na escola a partir de uma ética como prática da liberdade e não de uma moral prescritiva? Como poderia um trabalho de educação sexual produzir reflexão e autonomia? Tais questões serão abordadas a partir da análise de uma atividade de educação sexual, sobre o tema da paternidade, desenvolvida em uma escola.This paper deals with the topic of sexual education as it relates to the concepts of ethics, freedom and autonomy. The approach presented here does not consider any a priori concepts defining what is ethic and what is not, neither proposes a distinctive criterion about what is moral. As a consequence, it is not prescriptive or normative in relation to the ethical principal of freedom. The idea is to direct ethical problems to the dynamics embedded in social practices. Considering ethics as a practice of freedom, it intends to exercise this practice, encouraging actors to debate about the decisions and choices to be made. This paper is focused on the following questions: In which way could issues of sexuality be treated in schools as a practice of freedom and not from a prescriptive moral? How could sexual education produce reflections and autonomy? These questions are addressed based on the analysis of a sexual education activity developed in a school related to paternity.

En el presente artículo se analiza la problemática de la violencia contra las mujeres tomando como referencia las contribuciones de las perspectivas feminista y de la sociología de la violencia doméstica. Se intenta ubicar dicha problemática en el ámbito de ambos modelos teóricos y comprender sus ventajas e inconvenientes para el análisis del fenómeno. También se aborda la cuestión de la prevención y la intervención en este campo, haciendo especial hincapié en la experiencia portuguesa. The paper addresses the issue of violence against women within the framework of feminist theories and Sociology of violence in the family. The aim is to place the topic of violence against women in the crossroads of those two theoretical fields and to highlight the advantages and limitations of such an approach. The paper also addresses the issue of prevention and intervention in situations of violence against women in Portugal.

Este artigo descreve um projeto de pesquisa que explorou a relevância da definição de Putnam (1993) de capital social (como algo que consiste de redes sociais, normas de confiança, reciprocidade, engajamento cívico e participação em comunidades) com crianças e jovens de áreas socialmente desfavorecidas. O artigo também apresenta dados de um estudo sociológico empírico que buscou explorar o significado e a relevância de diferentes aspectos do "capital social" para jovens de 12 a 15 anos que vivem em duas áreas carentes de uma cidade no sudeste da Inglaterra. Baseia-se em descrições que os jovens fazem de seu dia-a-dia e concentra-se em quatro elementos: relatos sobre os pais e a centralidade das mães, diferenças de gênero em relatos sobre o significado e a natureza da amizade, diferenças de gênero em experiências de espaços do bairro e recursos locais e diferenças de gênero nas aspirações dos jovens para o futuro.This paper describes a research project that explored the relevance of Putnam's (1993) definition of social capital (as consisting of social networks, norms of trust, reciprocity, civic engagement and participation in communities) with children and young people in disadvantaged areas. Also, the paper presents data from an empirical sociological study that attempted to explore the meaning and relevance of different aspects of "social capital" for 12-15 year olds living in two deprived areas of a town in SE England. It is based on young people's descriptions of their everyday lives, and focuses on four elements: accounts of parents and the centrality of mothers; gender differences in accounts of the meaning and nature of friendship; gender differences in experiences of neighbourhood spaces and local facilities; and gender differences in young people's aspirations for the future.

Las empresas, por tratarse de entes complejos, se caracterizan por el nivel de interrelaciones que se dan en sus diversos sistemas y subsistemas. En este orden de cosas, emergen temáticas tan elementales y trascendentes como el rol de las personas en el cumplimiento de las metas organizacionales. Frente a esto, resulta interesante plantearse como objetivo la necesidad de indagar respecto de cuestiones concretas en el ámbito del sindicalismo, de tal forma que se pueda conocer su entorno inmediato y cercano, junto con descubrir el rol de las mujeres en estas instituciones representativas de la fuerza laboral, en el marco de la industria salmonera. Considerando la realidad descrita previamente, en este trabajo se analiza el contexto nacional del desarrollo sindical en Chile, luego se pasa revista a lo que ocurre a nivel regional. Seguidamente se aborda desde una óptica nacional y regional, las tendencias cuantitativas de la participación de la mujer en el mundo laboral. De esta forma, se aterrizareflexivamente en uno de los sectores productivos más pujantes de la zona, como lo es la industria del salmón. En este último caso, se discute respecto de las externalidades positivas y negativas que tiene esta actividad comercial. Se finaliza el trabajo, con un análisis comparativo de la situación en la que se encuentran hombres y mujeres, colocando un énfasis especial, en la relevancia e impacto que tiene la dirigencia femenina en sus respectivas organizaciones sindicalesCompanies are complex entities. They characterize themselves by the different relations that their systems and subsystems can have.The order of these factors can be seen in how different topics can emerge, these topics can have an elementary structure as well as a transcendent view which plays an important part in the fulfillment of the different organizational goals.Facing this can be the result of a very interesting objective which has the necessity of an investigation whose purpose is to investigate realistic facts about syndicalism as well as its immediate surrounding and the role of women who are the main representatives of the working force in the salmon Industry. Considering what was just said, the object of this paper is to analyze the national context of the syndical development in Chile as well as its regional aspect. Following this topic this paper will approach the quantitative aspects of the participation of women in the working force. By doing this, this paper approaches one of the most productive and forceful environment, like for example the salmon industry.In this last case, this paper discusses the external facts positive or negative as well as their commercial activity. This paper concludes with an analysis which compares the different situation facing man and women, emphasizing in the impact that women’s leadership, as well as their syndical organizations

The foundation of testimonio in Latin American literary field, initiated at the end of the ‘60, makes part of the institutionalization of the Cuban revolution, process where its projection to the rest of Latin America constitued a central problem. This paper studies political preconditions of testimonio. In particular, it analizes certain aspects of Cuban revolutionary discourse that anticipate features eventually developed by the literary genre, in the ways the relation between literature and politics is represented, and in the subjects of discourse that are proposed as embodiments of such relation. The paper introduces the question of Cuban revolution, as regards the exemplary status it acquired in Latin America during the sixties. Then, it examines the literary positioning represented by testimonio, as the corollary of a reflexive reconsideration operated by some Latin American writers and critics, concerning their historical role. Finally, it considers three representative documents of Cuban revolution and its continental projection: History will absolve me, by Fidel Castro, and Reminiscences of the Cuban revolutionary war and Bolivian diary, by Ernesto Guevara. We show the textual configuration of a revolutionary subject whose legitimity emerges not only from a political experience which testimony enunciates, but also from particular ways of living and representing literature in the context of a revolutionary practice. In the end of the sixties, the continental literary field would reaffirm such features as its discourse legitimating criteria, during the institutionalization of testimonio as its privileged genre.

Este artículo presenta un panorama de la situación de los derechos que tienen que ver con la sexualidad, en la Argentina contemporánea. Basándose principalmente en la legislación positiva, se presenta en primer lugar una síntesis del sistema legal y político, resumiendo a continuación el proceso de inclusión de los derechos sexuales, sobre todo desde 1983, cuando se recuperó la democracia. Las temáticas abordadas son: igualdad civil y conyugalidad, orientación sexual e identidad de género, reproducción, aborto, violencia de género y violencia sexual, VIH/sida, y explotación y trabajo sexual. El artículo concluye con una reflexión sobre las principales deudas pendientes.This paper presents an overview of the situation concerning the rights related to sexuality in contemporary Argentina. Based specially on the positive legislation, it is primarily presented a synthesis of the legal and political system. Next, the paper summarizes the process of inclusion of the sexual rights, mainly since 1983, when democracy has been recovered. The following issues are addressed: civil equality and conjugality; sexual orientation and gender identity; reproduction; abortion; gender a sexual violence; HIV/Aids; and exploitation and sexual work. The paper ends with a consideration about the still remaining doubts.

This paper establishes a dialogue between the theoretical and formal proposals for the implementation/application of Integral Sex Education in the classroom (National Law No. 26150, 2006) and a series of records of teaching experiences at high school level in the city of Buenos Aires. During those experiences, we worked with Penelope and Odysseus’ love story, the characters of Circe and the Sirens and Procne and Philomelas’ myth. Our hypothesis is that those narratives from Graeco-latin classic literature, when revisited from a gender perspective, do not only enrich the reading of following works, but also make easier the treatment of sensible topics related to existent forms of inequality between women and men from the same society.

Gender representations in fairy tales were the focus of an action research with public school children in Campo Grande, Brazil. This paper is part of a larger study, funded by CNPq, which involves two moments: bibliographical reasearch for the selectio and analysis of children’s books dealing with sexuality, gender and diversity, and the action research with children and adolescents. In this second moment, the emphasis is on the discussion of narrative and pictorial texts produced by the children and on the reading of the books selected. This paper presents some of the data collected in the second moment of the project. We seek to understand how they construct gender representations based on the physical and behavioral descriptions of princesses and princes in classical fairy tales. We have observed that the representations are connected to socially hegemonic ideals of masculinity and femininity. Some resistance appears in the textual productions of the boys. The girls seem to conform to gender norms as ideal and desirable for their personal identities.

This paper examines the relationship between gender justice and climate change, arguing that, to meaningfully address the issues that arise in this context, it is imperative to engage not only with matters of principle, but also with the practicalities of gender exclusion in respect of climate change itself and the praxis of global climate governance. The discussion briefly considers key gendered societal and scientific contexts that form part of the complex substrate that situates climate change in reality, academic and political debate, and which ground and shape the global climate change regime. These considerations explain why, while there is now a systemic acknowledgment of the need to act on gender issues in principle in the UNFCCC regime, the effectiveness of recently adopted strategies is not a given, and more profoundly, it behoves us to consider how their efficacy might be improved as we seek to mature global climate governance. Este artículo examina la relación entre justicia de género y cambio climático, argumentando que, para ocuparse de forma significativa de los problemas que surgen en este contexto, es imperativo implicarse no sólo con temas de principio, sino también con aspectos prácticos de la exclusión de género respecto al cambio climático mismo y con la praxis de la gobernanza climática global. El debate toma brevemente en consideración contextos generizados claves en sociedad y ciencia que forman parte del complejo substrato que sitúa el cambio climático en la realidad y en el debate académico y político, y que estabilizan y dan forma al régimen de cambio climático global. Dichas consideraciones explican por qué, si bien existe ahora un reconocimiento sistémico de la necesidad de actuar sobre temas de género en principio en el régimen de la CMNUCC, la efectividad de estrategias recientemente adoptadas no se debe dar por hecha, y, en más profundidad, nos incumbe reflexionar sobre cómo se puede mejorar su eficacia a medida que intentamos madurar la gobernanza climática global. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1166

Gender issues are usually neglected in research on Science teacher education. This paper presents a narrative inquiry inspired on sociological portraits, into Natália Flores' life story, a preservice teacher who has survived the quest for excellence that challenges most Science students. Drawing on information from individual interviews, feminist theories and the distinction between connected and separated knowledge, we argue that Natália’s professional identity falls into the normative tension of being a woman and living in a Physics Institute in a Brazilian Federal University. During Natália’s childhood, relationships were settled by intimacy and sensibility, and she developed what we will name a disposition to connectedness. Through this disposition, her choices and dilemmas can be read as gender issues. Her choice to become a Physics teacher; her struggle to adapt to the University; her low self-efficacy and the meanings she ascribed to ‘being a teacher’ are all affected by the way Natália learned to be a woman. On the other hand, given that class issues also shape her story, we expect some men to identify with some of her experiences as well. Implications for thinking Science teachers’ professional development as gendered are further discussed.

Ruth Matilda Anderson (1893-1983) was an American photographer who travelled from 1923 to 1967 to Spain employee by The Hispanic Society of America to document in more than 14000 pictures the rural society. This paper analyzes her work through her personal, artistic and research profile clearly defined by the principles of this institution and the image of Spain inspired by its founder Archer Milton Hungtinton. Contemporary readings of her legacy will also be evaluated as part of new reviews of popular culture in digital media. RESUMEN: Ruth Matilda Anderson (1893-1983), fotógrafa estadounidense, documentó la vida rural española entre 1923 y 1967 en más de 14.000 imágenes por encargo de la Hispanic Society of América. Este artículo analiza su obra de a través de su perfil personal, artístico e investigador, claramente definido por los principios de esta institución y la imagen de España inspirada por su fundador Archer Milton Hungtinton. También se evaluarán las lecturas contemporáneas de su legado como parte de las nuevas revisiones de la cultura popular en los medios digitales.

Este artigo apresenta resultados de um estudo realizado com mulheres de camadas populares em uma comunidade de baixa renda em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, procurando entender como são planejadas suas famílias. Tem como eixo orientador os aspectos da reprodução, especificamente as práticas de concepção e contracepção. Nesta análise, argumenta-se que as organizações que prestam serviços de planejamento familiar refletem a política chamada de "intervenção branca" no comportamento reprodutivo da população de camadas populares. Considera-se "intervenção branca" o transporte das decisões sobre ter ou não ter filhos, do âmbito doméstico para o consultório médico e a transferência gradativa do controle do Estado para o campo da saúde.This paper presents the results of a study on women from a low-income community in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil, focusing on how the women practice their family planning. The study is based on an analysis of reproductive practices by these women, specifically related to conception and contraception. The paper argues that the family planning care provided to these women involves a so-called "low-profile interventionist" policy, meaning that decisions concerning the number and spacing of children is shifted from the family domain to that of attending physicians, with a gradual transfer of control from the public sector to the health field.

Abstract. This paper analyzes the homicide of young men in Mexico. it shows bothe victimization and responsability of men in this crime. Finally, some intersections around youth violence, crime and gender men are discussed

Being part of a wider PhD research, this paper aims to present initial reflections about the regulation of Sex Education (ES) and the legitimacy of the teacher in Early Years of Elementary School, in Brazil, and 1st Cycle of Basic Education (1st CEB), in Portugal, for their approach to children, particularly on issues related to sexuality and gender. In Portugal, Sex Education is compulsory from the 1st CEB since the approval of Law No. 60/2009 of August 6. Otherwise, in Brazil, with the approval in 2018 of the Common National Curriculum Base (Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC), the terms Sexual Orientation and gender were suppressed. The suppression of these terms becomes problematic since it makes invisible discussions on issues related to sexuality and gender, such as body awareness and respect for diversity, which are also covered by the BNCC. Being a comparative study based on a qualitative methodology, at this stage will be made a documentary analysis of the Sexual Education guiding documents in both countries. This article will specifically address the diagnosis step of the research regarding the first results of documentary analysis of legislation and official documents in relation to the topics of this research. The compulsory sexuality education in Portugal made possible a systematic and specific work in dealing with sexuality and gender issues, with monitoring and evaluation of work in schools. In relation to the Brazilian reality, the challenges are different. It is also believed that not explaining the work in Sexuality Education in the Early Years of Elementary School hurts the right of access to information and the knowledge building on the subject.

Esse texto trata de diferenças e desigualdades. Discute-se o atual modelo de vigilância sanitária em saúde do trabalhador, apontando a necessidade de incorporação de um olhar de gênero nessa prática. Mostra-se que certas noções clássicas devem ser revistas e que os mapas de riscos podem ser mais úteis se forem capazes de indicar as distribuições das exposições segundo o gênero, evidenciando as modalidades de divisão do trabalho que são operadas. As propostas das trabalhadoras são colocadas ao lado das análises advindas da sociologia, no que se refere à articulação entre produção e reprodução, e do debate sobre a perspectiva de gênero na apreensão do processo saúde-doença. Ao final do texto, procura-se caminhar no sentido de uma nova forma de pensar a vigilância em saúde do trabalhador, ressaltando a centralidade do trabalho e da intersubjetividade na determinação da relação produção/saúde.This paper deals with differences and inequalities. The current workers' health surveillance model is discussed, pointing to the need for a gender perspective in this area. The article maintains that certain classical notions should be reviewed and that risk maps can be more useful if they are capable of identifying exposure according to gender, thus enhancing the different kinds of division of labor under which they operate. Women workers' proposals are placed alongside sociological analyses in terms of the interface between production and reproduction and the debate over the gender perspective in the health-disease process. The paper concludes with an attempt to establish a new approach to workers' health surveillance, highlighting the centralness of work and the inter-subjectiveness of determining the relationship between production and health.

O artigo tem como objetivo discutir os atravessamentos do constructo racial no Brasil e sua configuração em espaços intramuros, reconhecendo a prisão como um dos lócus que permanece pouco permeável ao processo de construção da identidade negra vivenciado nas últimas décadas no país. Discute-se os elementos formadores do racismo moderno, levando em conta as especificidades do contexto brasileiro frente à experiência fundante do sequestro e da escravização africana no período colonial e seus prolongamentos, através dos conceitos branqueamento, contrato racial e dispositivo da racialidade, como categorias de inteligibilidade do racismo contemporâneo e suas reinvenções em sociedades que vivenciaram a escravidão moderna. Tais categorias são analisadas a partir dos relatos sobre relações inter-raciais elaborados por uma mulher cisgênero e um homem transgênero, reclusas (os) numa prisão em São Paulo, e revelam como as opressões vividas de modo interseccional, pelas presas racializadas, lhes impõem dificuldades adicionais ao processo de reconhecimento da identidade negra. Looking for the “Redemption of Cam”: Raciality and Intersectionality in a Women’s Prison This article discusses the overlap between racial constructs in Brazil and their configuration in intramural environments, recognizing the prison as a relatively impermeable locus in the process of Black identity construction in Brazil during recent decades. The paper discusses the formative elements of modern racism, taking into account specificities of the Brazilian context in the face of foundational experiences of African kidnapping and enslavement in the colonial period and their legacies, the concepts of whitening, racial contract and raciality device, as intelligibility categories of contemporary racism and its reinventions in societies that have experienced modern slavery. These categories are analyzed based on the reports on interracial relations elaborated by a cisgender woman and a transgender man, inmates in a female penitentiary in São Paulo, and show how the oppression experienced in an intersectional way, by racialized prisoners, imposes additional difficulties on them in their process of recognizing a Black identity. Interracial relations | Intersectionality | Whitening ideology | Gender | Prison

This paper addresses issues relating to the feminine ideal sanctified in the Cariri region of Ceará in Brazil and how it influences feminine values through the education system lato sensu. It takes as main source the hagiographic writings related to St. Luzia Coelho, Barbalha - Ceará (1923 - 1952), and some historical considerations applicable during that period. Then, it studies and reflects on how resulting feminine ideals have been developed from that. We consider how the hagiography of female saints has influenced the values associated with idealized sainthood and feminine role models in Brazil. We also highlight the links between some Catholic-Christian values relating to morality, family, and education and how they have contributed to shaping modern-day feminine roles and sainthood.

In this paper we will analyze the "Ellas hace" Program, organized by the Ministry of Social Development of the Argentine Nation and implemented in this country between 2013 and April 2018. This program was specifically aimed at women heads of household with three or more children and daughters in charge, or children with disabilities, or in situations of gender violence. We will carry out the analysis in light of the perspective of care, understanding that this is a key dimension when considering any public policy aimed at the social work of women (and, more specifically, women in vulnerable situations) in order to to identify the implicit assumptions and perspectives around the care work in particular, present in said program.

El presente artículo sostiene que es posible pensar al Instituto Internacional de Sociología Jurídica de Oñati (IISJ) como centro a partir del cual se puede proyectar la mirada sobre los estudios de sociología jurídica respecto de la región de América Latina, mediante la construcción de un universo epistémico como estrategia metodológica para dar cuenta de las temáticas más relevantes en el desarrollo de este campo. Si bien la discusión aborda solamente la producción académica de una institución, se inserta a su vez en el panorama más amplio de la sociología jurídica de la región. Es un estado del arte acotado que se enfoca en el análisis de las principales temáticas del universo epistémico generado: criminología, administración de justicia, participación política, perspectivas teóricas, pluralismo y pueblos indígenas, economía, género, urbanismo y profesión jurídica. This article claims that it is possible to think the Oñati International Institute for the Sociology of Law (IISL) as a center point from which to project a perspective on the sociology of law studies regarding Latin America, through the construction of an epistemic universe as methodological strategy to account for the most relevant topics in the development of this field. Although the discussion can only address the work on Latin America produced by a single institution, it is also embedded in the wider field of sociology of law in the region. It is a bounded state of the art that focusses in the analysis of the main thematic of the epistemic universe: criminology, justice administration, political participation, theoretical perspectives, pluralism and indigenous peoples, economics, gender, urbanism and the legal profession. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=3124993

In this article, we reflect upon the backgrounds and career trajectories of judicial officers currently presiding over the Federal Court and Supreme Courts, which are some of the highest courts, in Australia. We gathered information through publicly available websites in Australia providing official biographical information, and drew on academic efforts to fill in more details about the judiciary. While patchy, the picture today in the Australian judiciary is of a relatively uniform educational and career background – for both male and female judges. Our analysis shows that judges are predominantly recruited from a long career at the private Bar. However, given continued professional barriers to women succeeding in the Australian legal profession which we describe, we argue that it is time to take seriously the stated goals of modern judicial appointment to widen the pool and consider merit that is not solely defined by a benchmark male career. Planteamos una reflexión sobre los orígenes y las trayectorias de las autoridades judiciales que presiden el Tribunal Federal y los Tribunales Supremos, algunas de las instancias judiciales más altas de Australia. Recopilamos información publicada en webs australianas que proporcionan biografías oficiales, y completamos el retrato judicial mediante recursos académicos. Aunque borroso, el retrato actual del mundo judicial australiano muestra un origen educativo y profesional similar para jueces y juezas. Nuestro análisis muestra que jueces y juezas provienen generalmente de una larga carrera profesional en la abogacía. Sin embargo, debido a los constantes obstáculos –los cuales describimos– que deben enfrentar las mujeres para triunfar en la profesión jurídica, argumentamos que ha llegado el momento de abordar seriamente los objetivos establecidos de la designación judicial, para ampliar el grupo y tomar en consideración méritos que no están definidos únicamente por la trayectoria legal masculina. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=3244593

Este paper trata da análise de aspectos do processo de construção da carreira religiosa de uma pastora envolvida em disputas por um espaço legítimo no campo evangélico através do re-conhecimento pela alta hierarquia evangélica local de sua “habilidade específica” como “porta-voz autorizada” de um novo Ministério. Diante deste quadro de referência, a etnografia é a opção metodológica que permite articular o local com os domínios mais amplos da vida social, como por exemplo, a atuação de evangélicos nos meandros da “grande política”.

This paper presents the Women Thousand Program as a policy of inclusion through education and jobs. It traces the history of public policies designed for women through the Thousand Women Program in the Brazil, and the women’s’ experiences at the Volta Redonda campus. The authors evaluate the public policies that include vulnerable women and efficiently assist them through school. Ethnographical methods were used, based on data obtained from participative observation and detailed monitoring of the daily life of the research participants. Through the lens of critical ethnography, which considers cultural, political, and economic factors, the results show a dissonance between the Thousand Women Program and the daily reality of its participants. In addition, the “salvationist” orientation of the school helps to perpetuate the exclusion of women and gender inequalities within Brazilian society.

Este paper apresenta algumas reflexões da pesquisa de Pós-doutoramento denominada “Levada pela paixão”: gênero, raça e classe no processo criminal de Angela Davis que tem por objetivo investigar um caso de produção da subjetividade da mulher criminosa pelo sistema de justiça criminal. Trata-se de um trabalho empírico de natureza qualitativa com uso de análise documental, com o objetivo de compreender a operação discursiva e performática de transformar um ícone- uma intelectual feminista negra, àquela altura já doutora em filosofia- em uma “mulher movida pela paixão”. Inspirada pela epistemologia feminista negra proponho a estratégia do estudo de caso único para pensar os marcadores sociais de classe, raça e gênero articulados no processo criminal de Angela Davis como significativos também em outras experiências no sistema de justiça criminal. Ao final, busco retratar como a experiência de Angela Davis com a justiça criminal e o relato dela sobre a mesma, no duplo ré-autora, pode contribuir na discussão dos processos de criminalização e subjetivação feminina negra, situando esta pesquisa em um debate mais amplo acerca das relações de gênero, raça, classe e direito, o qual nos parece um horizonte necessário e promissor para o campo jurídico e criminológico brasileiro.

This paper examines different conceptualizations about street harassment in two theoretical frameworks, the feminist and hate crimes literature, which present critical nodes that hinder the understanding of the phenomenon. These critical nodes are identified, exposed and reviewed. Despite these nodes, the convergence of both theoretical frameworks enriches its explanatory capacity on the phenomenon of street harassment. This article proposes a reconceptualization of street harassment based on the combination of the two aforementioned theoretical bodies. This article contributes to the debate about street harassment, and, in a broader sense, about violence, locating the theory of intersectionality at the center of the analysis.

Este artículo pretende identificar las estrategias visuales que a nivel circunstancial (metafunción representativa) utilizan autores e ilustradores de tres libros álbum para fomentar un discurso de género progresista. Los cuentos seleccionados para su análisis son The Paper Bag Princess de Robert Musch y Michael Martchenko (2015), Piggybook de Anthony Browne (1996) y I’m a girl de Yasmeen Ismail (2015). Todos promueven la igualdad social y están escritos o traducidos al inglés. Se analiza, para ello, si los personajes femeninos se mantienen siempre en los mismos escenarios y si el grado de detalle en información circunstancial se mantiene o varia en ilustraciones sucesivas, produciéndose cambios en el estatus social de los personajes. El enfoque utilizado para desarrollar este estudio es la Semiótica Social de Halliday (1978) y Kress y van Leeuwen (2006), desarrollada posteriormente por Painter, Martin y Unsworth (2013) para el estudio de las imágenes en los libros álbum. El análisis realizado revela que los personajes aparecen en contextos diferentes que hacen avanzar a las figuras protagonistas desde el interior de sus respectivos hogares hasta el exterior o hacia nuevas localizaciones, que conducen hacia su emancipación e independencia.

Este artículo pretende identificar las estrategias visuales que a nivel circunstancial (metafunción representativa) utilizan autores e ilustradores de tres libros álbum para fomentar un discurso de género progresista. Los cuentos seleccionados para su análisis son The Paper Bag Princess de Robert Musch y Michael Martchenko (2015), Piggybook de Anthony Browne (1996) y I’m a girl de Yasmeen Ismail (2015). Todos promueven la igualdad social y están escritos o traducidos al inglés. Se analiza, para ello, si los personajes femeninos se mantienen siempre en los mismos escenarios y si el grado de detalle en información circunstancial se mantiene o varia en ilustraciones sucesivas, produciéndose cambios en el estatus social de los personajes. El enfoque utilizado para desarrollar este estudio es la Semiótica Social de Halliday (1978) y Kress y van Leeuwen (2006), desarrollada posteriormente por Painter, Martin y Unsworth (2013) para el estudio de las imágenes en los libros álbum. El análisis realizado revela que los personajes aparecen en contextos diferentes que hacen avanzar a las figuras protagonistas desde el interior de sus respectivos hogares hasta el exterior o hacia nuevas localizaciones, que conducen hacia su emancipación e independencia.

Este artículo pretende identificar las estrategias visuales que a nivel circunstancial (metafunción representativa) utilizan autores e ilustradores de tres libros álbum para fomentar un discurso de género progresista. Los cuentos seleccionados para su análisis son The Paper Bag Princess de Robert Musch y Michael Martchenko (2015), Piggybook de Anthony Browne (1996) y I’m a girl de Yasmeen Ismail (2015). Todos promueven la igualdad social y están escritos o traducidos al inglés. Se analiza, para ello, si los personajes femeninos se mantienen siempre en los mismos escenarios y si el grado de detalle en información circunstancial se mantiene o varia en ilustraciones sucesivas, produciéndose cambios en el estatus social de los personajes. El enfoque utilizado para desarrollar este estudio es la Semiótica Social de Halliday (1978) y Kress y van Leeuwen (2006), desarrollada posteriormente por Painter, Martin y Unsworth (2013) para el estudio de las imágenes en los libros álbum. El análisis realizado revela que los personajes aparecen en contextos diferentes que hacen avanzar a las figuras protagonistas desde el interior de sus respectivos hogares hasta el exterior o hacia nuevas localizaciones, que conducen hacia su emancipación e independencia.

This paper examines the relationship between gender, sexuality, and biopolitics in order to point out some of its outcomes and effects on the forms of life management and the conduct of women and men in the so-called “public policies for social inclusion”. The qualitative analysis articulates results from a series of studies carried out by a research group in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The theoretical support consists of post-structuralist gender studies, queer studies and Foucauldian studies. Through this analysis, it is possible to conclude that, in the name of social inclusion, the public policies end up intervening and regulating the lives of certain subjects/groups at minimum cost to guarantee both the reduction of social risks and higher levels of security for the population. It is argued that gender and sexuality have been mobilized to create and strengthen some forms of regulation that should enable women and men to act upon themselves and the others, thus continuing to be participative and searching for solutions for contemporary social problems.

This paper analyzes campaign political discourse in the first debate pronounced by the only woman candidate for governor of Nuevo Leon, Ivonne Álvarez, which was broadcasted on April 19, 2015 in the mass media. The intention is to study the mitigation and intensifying resources used by Álvarez, in contrast to the speech given by the two male candidates, to construct an acceptable image in the electorate and to show if they are a determining factor by gender in making political decisions.