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In this paper, we argue that the systems Basic Logic of Evidence (BLE) and Logic of Evidence and Truth (LETJ) suffer a kind of semantic incompleteness with respect to the informal notion of evidence. More especifically, we argue that the connective o of the logic LETJ fails to validate intuitive principles about conclusive evidence.

Legal reasoning in the common law tradition requires judges to draw on concepts, and examples that are meant to resonate with a particular emotional import and operate in judicial reasoning as though they do. Judicial applications of constitutional rights are regularly interpreted by reference to past violations (either through precedent, contextual framings, and/or legislative history), which in turn elicit a series of emotions which work to deepen and intensify judicial understandings of a right guarantee (freedom of association, freedom of expression, equality, security of the person, etc.). This paper examines the way in which invocations of past political histories, and rights abuses (however ill or well-defined), work to conjure up a set of service emotions (emotions which work to establish a particular frame of mind), which guide judicial applications of doctrine in cases concerning an alleged violation of a constitutional right.

This special issue has its origins in the workshop The policy of cultural rights: socio-legal perspectives on cultural diversity held at the IISL in July 2017, and chaired by Miren Manias-Muñoz (UPV/EHU) and Lucero Ibarra (CIDE Mexico). It is a combination of five papers whose first versions were originally presented at that workshop, and three additional manuscripts submitted individually to our journal, which, in view of their subject and research rationale, and after due peer review, have been considered as particularly adequate and suitable to be included in this special-issue. All in one, this collection addresses the politics of cultural production, state regulation, and social contestation at the local and national scale, offering interesting insights about Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, and Spain.

Restorative justice has become a conflict-solving philosophy with a global vocation, involving the parties and aiming for the accountability of the aggressor and reparation for the victims. Among the tools to implement it in the criminal judicial scope, the most extended is mediation, especially in Europe. However, there are many resistances to its implementation, both from the profession and from the institutions, and even from the people. In order to take a deeper look into these resistances, and to clarify the challenges that public policies are facing, this paper presents the findings of a socio-legal research carried out in 2019 about restorative justice and criminal mediation within the judiciary in the Autonomous Community of Aragon (Spain).

This paper presents outcomes for a Housing First (HF) cohort in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Using integrated governmental administrative data, we analysed outcomes for a cohort of 357 people, comparing health, justice, income, and social welfare indicators the year prior to HF and five years after being housed. In the fifth year after being housed, improved outcomes across each of these sectors were noted, with particularly impressive improvements found in income levels (+38%) and mental health. These results demonstrate the efficacy of this HF programme in improving well-being. Despite such notable improvements, there is room for HF to have a greater impact in the context of wider system changes that support overall well-being, as well as the goal of making homelessness rare, brief, and non-recurring.

This paper analyzes the relationship between full-time journeys and schooling inequality in Pernambuco, Brazil. Using standardized test scores on the school level, we tested the inverted u-curve hypothesis proposed initially by Simon Kuznets in 1955 and adapted with a focus on schooling expansion and inequality by Rati Ram in 1990. We build a panel data analysis to perform the test, with data aggregated by region and scores on standardized tests as the output variable. Initially, the hypotheses described an inverted U-curve correlating schooling effectiveness and inequality. However, we have found that the relationship follows a regular U shape. It is also inferable that the equity of the result is more connected to the effects of the diversity of school typology, the location of schools, and the way the region is developed.

Objective/context: In 2009, the law of mandatory, simultaneous, and open primaries (PASO, for its acronym in Spanish) was enacted in Argentina. Among others, this regulation seeks to democratize party structures. From a gender perspective, this paper studies the effect of PASO on women’s access to the Chamber of Deputies (2003-2023). To this end, it analyzes how the final lists are assembled, the places assigned to women candidates, the ease with which they gain access to expectable positions, and the permeability of groupings towards their participation since the implementation of PASO. Methodology: This is an exploratory and descriptive study of the effect of PASO on the allocation of seats for the category of female deputies in Argentina, considering all female legislators elected in successive elections (2011-2023). Conclusion: The findings show that PASO’s objective of democratizing party structures and making their components more representative does not seem to have impacted the country’s existing political and party traditions prior to implementing the law regarding the place given to women in a party. Originality: The article presents a study on the democratization effect of PASO on party structures from a gender perspective.

This paper presents, from an approach of archaeothanatology, osteobiography, bioarchaeology of care and palimpsest, the analysis of one of the most important archaeological findings recently made in western Mexico. It is about a female person buried in a lavish tomb in the Tingambato archaeological site, Michoacán, Mexico, dated 1400 years ago, with more than 19,000 objects covering her body. This research presents the results of the work of almost a decade of studies carried out by different methods on this individual: morphophysical studies, taphonomy, dating, genetics, as well as various techniques of virtual archaeology among others. Through the Index of Care it was possible to systematize all the information obtained by different study methods and integrate it for analysis. The use of archaeothanatology and the Index of Care makes it possible to perform analyses on specific individuals from the past to establish their health conditions and the probable causes of death. The main limitation that arose was the poor state of preservation in which we received the bones, which unfortunately did not allow us to carry out some morphoscopic and taphonomic studies that would have been relevant. SPANISH: Este artículo presenta, desde un enfoque de la arqueotanatología, la osteobiografía, la bioarqueología del cuidado y el palimpsesto, el análisis de uno de los hallazgos arqueológicos más importantes realizados recientemente en el Occidente de México. Se trata de una persona del sexo femenino enterrada en una fastuosa tumba del sitio arqueológico de Tingambato, Michoacán, México, fechado hace 1400 años, con más de 19000 objetos que cubrían su cuerpo. Esta investigación presenta los resultados del trabajo de casi una década de estudios realizados mediante diferentes métodos sobre este individuo: morfofísicos, tafonomía, datación, genética, así como diversas técnicas de arqueología virtual entre otras. Mediante el índice de cuidado fue posible sistematizar toda la información obtenida por los diferentes métodos de estudio e integrarla para su análisis. El uso de la arqueotanatología y el índice de cuidado permite realizar análisis sobre individuos específicos del pasado para establecer sus condiciones de salud y las probables causas de su muerte. La principal limitación que se planteó fue el mal estado de conservación en que recibimos los huesos, lo cual, lamentablemente, no nos permitió realizar algunos estudios morfoscópicos y tafonómicos que hubieran sido relevantes.

Al evaluar los efectos de la juridificación de la política indígena y dilucidar si han conducido a resultados de empoderamiento o dominación para los movimientos indígenas, deben considerarse los resultados del litigio desde una dimensión estrecha (efectos materiales directos) pero también los efectos indirectos y simbólicos de la movilización legal indígena, es decir, evaluar los efectos de la movilización legal desde una dimensión más amplia. Tras revisar el disperso cuerpo de literatura sobre los efectos de la juridificación de la política indígena (Sieder), en este artículo se propone adoptar el modelo de estudio propuesto por Gloppen y Wilson (2017) que compagina este doble análisis desde una dimensión estrecha y amplia, y para la dimensión amplia se sugiere seguir las categorías planteadas por Dugard en 2022 (power-with, power-to, power-within y power-from dimensions). De esta manera, se logra abordar integralmente los efectos de la movilización legal indígena y obtener conclusiones más consistentes al realizar los estudios de casos. To assess the effects of juridifcation of indigenous politics and conclude whether it has led to the empowerment or domination of indigenous movements, it shall be considered not only trial outcomes from a narrow dimension (direct, material effects), but also indirect and symbolic effects of indigenous legal mobilizations; that is, assess the effects of legal mobilizations from a broader dimension. After reviewing the limited body of literature on the effects of juridification of indigenous politics (Sieder), it is recommended in this paper to follow the study model proposed by Gloppen and Wilson (2017). This model combines this double analysis from a narrow and broad dimension. Besides, for the broad dimension, it is suggested to follow the categories set out by Dugard in 2022 (power-with, power-to, power-within and power-from dimensions). This way, it is possible to comprehensively address the effects of indigenous legal mobilizations and reach more consistent findings when undertaking case studies.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo proponer nuevos enfoques para interpretaciones e inferencias en los contextos arqueológicos de sitios al aire libre relacionados con grupos de cazadores-recolectores que ocuparon los ecosistemas de las sabanas neotropicales de los cerrados brasileños que, debido a la escasez de elementos que puedan corroborar la identificación y caracterización de una posible dinámica sociocultural en torno al uso de los recursos naturales, tienen sus modelos económicos y de subsistencia basados en analogías y correlaciones etnográficas. Desde la perspectiva de los estudios arqueológicos y etnoarqueológicos, proponemos el uso de analogías, correlaciones y discusiones con grupos contemporáneos, que utilizan los recursos naturales de los bosques como principal fuente de alimentación y materiales, como una forma de reconstruir dinámicas del pasado mediante la aplicación de modelos en arqueología. ENGLISH: This paper aims to propose new approaches for interpretations and inferences in the archaeological contexts of outdoor sites related to hunter-gatherer groups who occupied the ecosystems of the Brazilian Cerrado neotropical savannas which, due to the scarcity of elements that can corroborate the identification and characterization of a possible sociocultural dynamics around the use of natural resources, have their economic and subsistence models based on ethnographic analogies and correlations. From the perspective of archaeological and ethnoarchaeological studies, we propose the use of analogies, correlations and discussions with contemporary groups, using natural resources of the forests as their main source of food and materials, as a way to reconstruct past dynamics through the application of models in archaeology.

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and its Member States have been leading the efforts to eradicate wild poliovirus in the Region of Americas since smallpox's successful elimination in 1971. The region became the first to be certified free of wild poliovirus in 1994. However, in July 2022, an unvaccinated patient with no recent travel history was diagnosed with poliomyelitis in the United States of America. In response to the emergence of a circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus in the United States, PAHO established the Polio Incident Management Support Team. This team has been coordinating response efforts, focusing on: coordination, planning, and monitoring; risk communication and community engagement; surveillance and case investigation; vaccination; and rapid response. In this paper, we identified and documented best practices observed following establishment of the Incident Management Support Team (September 2022–2023) through a comprehensive review and analysis of various data sources and country-specific data from the polio surveillance dashboard. The aim was to share these best practices, highlighting technical support and implementation of polio measures by Member States. Despite several challenges, the Americas region remains polio-free. Polio risk is declining, with a July 2023 assessment showing fewer countries at medium, high, and very high risk. This progress reflects improved immunization coverage, surveillance, containment, health determinants, and outbreak preparedness and response. The PAHO Polio Incident Management Support Team has played a key role in supporting these efforts.

Abstract In this paper, we argue that a right-wing populist leader’s support of regional organizations depends on how domestic supporters are affected by populist engagement with them. If the regional organization does not affect groups of the populist project, then the leader enjoys latitude to question the regional institution. However, whenever undermining the regional organization damage a group, the leader does not target the regional organization, and assumes an ambivalent approach. We use the case of Bolsonaro’s Brazil engaging two regional organizations: MERCOSUR and PAHO to test our argument. Our findings reveal that right-wing populist leaders are aware of domestic costs.

Since antiquity, Empedocles has been considered as an example of both successful and unsuccessful communication. Aristotle credits him with vividness of images, but blames him for failure of clarity, and eventually compares his obscureness to that of oracles. Therefore, scholars in the past came to the conclusion that Empedocles deliberately employs an opaque style, like Heraclitus and his "studied ambiguity", as means for initiation. This paper challenges this assumption and asks whether and how ambiguity can work within a didactic poem. By showing how Empedocles' and Heraclitus' communicative strategies differ from one another, I shall point to the poet's role as a charismatic and spiritual guide, displaying at times a Sibyl-like attitude. Being a mediator between two separate dimensions puts Empedocles in an ambiguous position, because he delivers what the Muse and the gods made available for him to share, and so his opaqueness does not come directly from him. Ultimately, this style analysis also says something about who the ideal audience must have been.

In ancient times, authors such as Plutarch and Proclus questioned Parmenides’ abilities as a poet considering his Poem to be ‘prose in disguise’. Harsh judgments concerning Parmenides’ style are pervasive even in modern scholarship (Diels 1897, Wilamowitz 1912, Tarán 1977, Kirk & Raven 1977). This paper focuses on specific metrical and rhythmic devices used consistently in the composition of the Poem, that I will refer to, collectively, as ‘poetic dislocation’. This term encompasses the blurring and cancellation of the central caesura, the tendency to break Hermann’s bridge with varying degrees of intensity, the accumulation of enjambment in groups of verses, the use of non-traditional lexicon of the epic genre and the placement of Homeric lexicon in non-Homeric hexameter collocations. My attempt is to prove that these procedures are an integral part of Parmenides’ poetic style. I will also present an analysis of Parmenides’ versification focusing on the rhythmic patterns and the organization of caesura, especially in fr. B8.

University dropout is a major problem in Latin America and the Caribbean; in Colombia, around 50% of students who enter university complete their studies. This phenomenon is multi-causal; therefore, it is necessary to perform an analysis in different scenarios, in order to create strategies that help permanence and graduation. This paper presents an alternative to identify some factors that lead a student to drop out of the Universidad del Cauca, based on data science methodologies. It was found that desertion is influenced by academic factors, such as areas of knowledge, semester and average, social context such as stratum and place of origin, and individual factors such as age and gender.

ABSTRACT Objective: To construct and validate an instrument to assess events related to maintaining the sterility of processed healthcare products. Methods: This methodological study developed the instrument through analysis by a panel of experts, focusing on the integrity of commonly used packaging: spunbond-meltblown-spunbond and medical-grade paper. The instrument was analyzed using the Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio (≥ 0.80) and modified Kappa (≥ 0.74). The instrument underwent pre-testing. Results: Six experienced professionals participated in the expert panel. After two rounds, the final version of the instrument contained five dimensions. In the pre-test, 30 nursing professionals participated, of whom 86.67% considered the instrument good, and 90% found it understandable. Conclusion: The construction and validation followed literature recommendations. The instrument is available, aiding in the safe use of processed healthcare products.

Abstract On the basis of the empirical findings of some ethnographic research, and drawing on Sayad’s concept of “double absence”, which is regarded as a pivotal key for the interpretation of the transnational nature of migrations, this paper heuristically introduces and discusses an alternative view. In fact, it aims to analytically reconstruct the practices put in place by young sub-Saharan migrants, including marriage, work and housing, instantiated both in their native and host countries, as a possible manifestation of their constant efforts to counter the alienating effects of “double absence”, by transforming it into “double presence”. The case-study forms part of an academic research programme which started in 2021 and is still ongoing; the ethnographic observations were carried out in Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto and Milazzo (Messina/Sicily) and include 45 qualitative interviews that were conducted from a longitudinal perspective.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the presence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 found in the breast milk and blood of vaccinated lactating women with those not vaccinated. Data source: The study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under CRD42021287554 and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies that evaluated antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the milk and blood of vaccinated mothers and had as control group unvaccinated mothers were eligible. Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCs), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Emtree descriptors were used for the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline/Pubmed), and Embase databases, respectively. In the Web of Science and Scopus, the strategy was adapted. No restrictions on the publication period and language were set. Data synthesis: The search identified 233 records, of which 128 duplicates and 101 papers that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. Hence, four cohort studies were eligible. Nursing mothers vaccinated with the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines showed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in their blood and breast milk. Conclusions: Vaccinated lactating women had higher levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and A (IgA) in serum and breast milk than unvaccinated women.

Abstract This article analyses the Bolsonaro government’s foreign policy and the interests of the Brazilian internal bourgeoisie. The hypothesis is that the internal bourgeoisie supported the 2016 coup d’état and the 2018 election of Jair Bolsonaro but, over the years, they started to exhibit resistance to the government’s political practices and responded to the external pressures related to environmental policy and threats to democracy. The empirical research analysed the position papers of the internal bourgeoisie’s main employer organisations, focusing on the following agendas: i) the Mercosur-EU agreement; ii) entry into the OECD; iii) reformulation of Mercosur’s Common External Tariff (CET); and iv) environmental policy. The study concludes that there were conflicts within the internal bourgeoisie throughout the Bolsonaro administration and, in the end, there was a change in their interests that, alongside other elements, can explain Jair Bolsonaro’s 2022 electoral defeat.

Abstract Investigations by the press have revealed that Operation Car Wash, an anti-corruption task force, received support from the FBI, the American federal agency of criminal investigation. This paper analyses the transnational connections between Brazilian and American law enforcement officers, which led to the formulation and conduction of Operation Car Wash, reconstituting its transnational dimensions, which have yet to receive much attention in the specialised literature. To accomplish this, we have mobilised the field thinking tool developed by Pierre Bourdieu and his interpreters in International Relations, enabling us to reflect on the interactions between police within a specialised social space promoter of socialisation, competition, and cooperation. Beginning with documental research, we have identified the national and international actors involved in the operation, the power relationships between them, their patterns and spaces of interaction, and potential political impacts.

This paper reflects upon the construction of narratives presented by students of 10th grade from a public institution in the EFL classroom in Colombia. This study was developed using an Action Research method and a sociocritical paradigm to encourage continuous constructions of decolonial narratives among the students. Furthermore, the exploration of narratives shows various significance from economic, social, and cultural perspectives about the role of the language in their context and the influence on their future that stems from their socio-cultural contexts that see English as the only way to success. Finally, the importance of a critical pedagogy approach to critique the reproduction of colonial narratives to develop a broader understanding of English learning.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of saline and water stresses on the germination of seeds and of saline stress on the development of seedlings of 'SCS437 Catarina' Passiflora edulis. The seeds were germinated on paper moistened with NaCl and PEG 6,000 solutions, at the osmotic potentials of 0.00, −0.25, −0.50, −0.75, −1.00, and −2.00 MPa. The produced seedlings were exposed only to NaCl. The seeds show tolerance to saline stress up to an osmotic potential of −0.75 MPa, while the seedlings present tolerance up to an osmotic potential of −0.50 MPa (10.96 mS cm−1).

Abstract Objective This paper proposes a theoretical review that aims to understand the notion of adaptation according to the psychodynamic approach of Analytical Psychology, associated with the psychological construct of adaptive functioning, the latter being measurable through "conceptual, social, and practical" domains. Method Integrative literature review. Results Adaptive functioning domains may be analytically interpreted in terms of personality development, self-agency, adaptation to external and internal conditions, conscious skills, and unconscious aspects inferred from the clinical context. Conclusion The proposed theoretical construction is expected to be useful for clinical psychology and for mixed methods research, integrating results of psychological testing instruments based on adaptive functioning domains.

The economy is part of everyday life in modern societies and is a crucial determinant of social well-being. For this reason, it is important to observe how economic determinants can influence a fundamental social phenomenon: faith. This paper analyzes how economic determinants influence international pilgrimages to the Shrine of Fátima (Portugal). A data panel from 2008 to 2022 was constructed, and a panel ARDL model was estimated. The results confirm the relationship between economics and homo religiosus. The cost of transportation, national income, unemployment, globalization, and inflation influence the international pilgrimages to Fátima.

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in concrete production is crucial to achieve sustainability goals. One of the primary solutions is employing environmentally friendly cements with lower clinker content, such as those containing supplementary cementitious materials. However, concretes produced with some of these cements are vulnerable to fast carbonation, which raises durability concerns regarding corrosion of the steel reinforcement. While traditional approaches focus on preventing concrete carbonation and corrosion initiation, evidence shows that corrosion rates of steel in carbonated concrete do not necessarily compromise durability. In this context, the fundamental understanding of the kinetics of carbonation-induced corrosion must be improved, considering the role of the concrete pore solution, pore structure, and moisture content, as discussed in this paper. Open questions and promising approaches to clarify them are also discussed. Based on this knowledge, corrosion propagation can be properly included in the service life design of reinforced concrete structures, reconciling the goals for both sustainable and durable structures.

Abstract: Since May 2020, we have been conducting a comprehensive study to understand the natural history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Our focus has been on following families, systematically collecting respiratory tract swabs and blood samples, monitoring symptoms, and gathering data on vaccine status. This paper aims to describe the household cohort across five epidemic waves of SARS-CoV-2, providing an overview of the collected data and a description of the epidemiological, clinical, and immunological characteristics and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our cohort includes 691 participants from 189 households. During the five epidemic waves, we detected 606 infections. The incidence density of SARS-CoV-2 infection ranged from 4 (Delta) to 56 (B.1.1.33) per 1,000 person-week, with a peak in wave B.1.1.33 in all age groups. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG anti spike protein) varied from 37%, in the pre-VoC period, to 99%, in the Omicron period, progressively increasing after each wave in a similar manner regardless of age. As we have monitored the cohort continuously since the beginning of the pandemic, we were able to collect data across different scenarios according to the predominant lineage in circulation. Via active monitoring of families, we were able to carry out an epidemiological surveillance on SARS-CoV-2, including its variants, persistence of symptoms, and changes in immunity over time in the population, contributing to knowledge of the natural history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Abstract In the literature, there are several claims about the centrality of a pro- cess ontology. It has often proved difficult, however, to understand what a process is supposed to be, and what the central difference to thing-based ontologies amounts to. It would be useful to see what an abstract account of this difference consists in. This paper provides a sketch of what logic we should use for a process-based ontology, and argues that intuitionistic logic, and smooth infinitesimal analysis, provide a useful basis for process ontology. A brief sketch of probability for processes is made.

Introduction/Frame: Trust is foundational to qualitative research and program evaluation to ensure that data collection, data analysis, and actionable recommendations improve programs and produce effective outcomes. Concomitantly, building trust between the university and community sectors offers a rich opportunity to join efforts to address public health issues including substance use, homelessness, criminal justice involvement, and mental illness. Research suggests cross-sector collaboration among human services organizations produces effective outcomes when stakeholders are engaged, trust one another, and have shared goals. Developing qualitative program evaluation partnerships between university researchers and human service organizations offers a valuable application of cross-sector collaboration, including the transferability of qualitative research and program evaluation findings. Objective: This conceptual paper aims to highlight the essentiality of trust, summarize the facilitators and barriers of collaboration, and share a case example of a partnership. Additionally, it offers implications for researchers and community partners while outlining the benefits of university/community collaboration. Finally, we will offer a conceptual model of the iterative relationship between trustworthiness, trust, and impact in our evaluation approach. Theoretical Framework: Our approach to community-focused qualitative program evaluation is anchored in an action research paradigm, a use evaluation approach, coupled with trust as the key factor in developing and maintaining effective evaluative relationships. The Impact of Trust: Three areas in which trust is most beneficial to qualitative program evaluation are relationships, data collection, and transferability of results. Conceptual Model: Our model is grounded in three seminal works focusing on trust in business-business relationships, organizational trustworthiness as a mediator to both cognitive and affective trust, and relationship stability in inter-organizational reliance. Final Considerations: We found that using this model allowed quicker research-to-practice implementation of evaluation recommendations, solidified community/university collaborative relationships, and facilitated strategies to address workforce shortages in community human services agencies.

This study, part of a larger project exploring the multiple impacts that a one-year study abroad programme at a Portuguese higher education institution had on Chinese students, looks at how these students perceived and managed their experiences both in and outside the classroom. This paper focuses on their classroom experience, and has two central aims: firstly, to explore how this study abroad programme impacted students; secondly, to explore preconceptions identified in the literature regarding Chinese students which might constrain the mindsets and behaviour of Portuguese teachers and students towards these. The results of this qualitative study – deploying exploratory practice and a combined longitudinal and ethnographic approach – point to how a key experience of these Chinese students was learning how to navigate multiple borders – linguistic, cultural, political, and emotional – in an immersive language setting.

In this paper we analyze students’ mathematics errors in the early years of Brazilian school. To achieve this goal, we developed a questionnaire with eight math problems that included basic operations. This instrument was distributed to 76 third-grade students in three different classes from three different schools. To comprehend what caused the errors, we analyzed each question. To perform these analyzes we used the following categories: Errors due to language difficulties; Errors due to difficulties in obtaining spatial information; Errors due to incorrect associations or rigidity of thinking; Errors due to the application of irrelevant rules or strategies; Errors due to deficient mastery of prerequisite skills, facts, and concepts; Incorrect reproduction of the task; Error of counting; Errors in the assemblage of the arithmetic operations; Errors in the summing up with values bigger than ten; and Specific errors of subtraction. We believe that using errors as motivation could improve students' understanding of mathematics. We seek to help teachers (and researchers) identify most of the mistakes made by students in order to recognize them in their classrooms. The results indicated that some of the students' most common errors are in line with what the literature points out, that is, difficulty in translating the problem into mathematical language; difficulties in using the operations algorithms and difficulties in understanding what the problem is asking.

This contribution examines the ongoing debate concerning the role of artificial intelligence in education (AIEd), and focuses on the challenges and opportunities posed by the new technologies in the EU. The future perspectives of AIEd in the EU encompass a broad spectrum of ethical, regulatory, educational, and societal considerations, reflecting a proactive and multifaceted approach to addressing the new emerging context. The paper also visualizes the intellectual map of the European academia engaged in AI-related research through bibliometrics, revealing the main topics and gaps in the current debate. The scrutiny reveals a lack of documented practical case studies to support education professionals, while the current debate focuses mostly on ethical and regulatory issues.

Television broadcasts around the world employ specific hashtags to facilitate viewer engagement via social media with program hosts. In the context of news broadcasts, individuals' comments mix with the articles shown on television news, mainly in relation to urban situations. These social media posts constitute a significant database, as users assume roles similar to those of citizens. The aim of this paper is to scrutinize the posts associated with the hashtags #VcNoJL1 and #VcNoJL2, publishe on the Twitter (X) platform, in the context of the TV news program TV Liberal, broadcast in the State of Pará (Brazil), using the CRISP-DM methodology and data science techniques. Using a statistical examination of these publications, a discreet level of engagement was observed among viewers, who are also users of the aforementioned social media platform. Furthermore, a sentiment assessment of the posts was carried out, revealing that 54% of the comments are negative, 31% are positive and 15% are neutral. The negative comments notably highlight the challenges within municipal public administration, while the positive comments are around commemorative occasions such as Mother's Day and Grandparents' Day. This type of analysis constitutes an important monitoring tool not only for the television program, but also for public administration.

ABSTRACT This paper consists in the taxonomic survey of the Santalales order in the Núcleo Curucutu, Parque Estadual Serra do Mar, São Paulo State, Brazil. The taxonomic treatment includes identification key, morphological descriptions, taxonomic notes, photographs, geographical distribution, and phenological data. The order is represented by four species: Langsdorffia hypogaea Mart., Phoradendron crassifolium (Pohl ex DC.) Eichler, Phoradendron fragile Urb., and Struthanthus acuminatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuijt.

This paper intents, considering the informations about corporal paint between pré-colonial Guarani and the diversity of geometric designs applyed in theirs vessel pottery, to demonstrate the interpretative potencial of the graphic signs present in the archaeological pottery material. In the ethnographic analogy and in the mythical universe, try to look for the symbolical contents expressed through the painted design pattern in pottery vessel.

Charcoal analysis is the taxonomic and quantitative study of charcoal remains found in soils or archaeological deposits, based on plant anatomy. This discipline may provide both ethnoarchaeological and palaeoecological evidences. In this paper we present its methods and possible applications, as well as a few examples. We suggest that important results may be expected from charcoal analysis applied to brazilian archaeology.

Il 20/09/2023, lo Sport entra nella Costituzione Italiana, modificandola ed inserendo all’art. 33 un comma specifico; viene riconosciuta la visione culturale di una attività valoriale fondata, come diciamo oggi, sul concetto di ‘Comunità di pratica sportiva’. La novità costituzionale riconosce tali meriti, ma non ne determina ancora diritti: i successi, le medaglie, i valori, sono l’esito di performance, e tali risultati hanno bisogno di fondamenta su cui poggiare. Quali ostacoli a questa importante novità? Il paper propone la Questione Meridionale come prospettiva per l’osservazione Nord/Sud o Napoli/Torino del fenomeno sport; con gli strumenti degli Sport Studies, offre una visione storico-filosofico-pedagogica insieme ad una ricerca scientifica, l’Indice di Sportività (strumento qualitativo/quantitativo prodotto da PTS & IlSole24Ore). I risultati confermano l’attualità della Questione Meridionale nello sport e spingono per interventi di apprendimento multidisciplinari e multisettoriali affinché vengano compiutamente attuati; in questa opera, l’attivismo e il sostegno delle Società scientifiche è assolutamente opportuno, necessario e atteso.

The social wasp species of the genus Parachartergus Ihering, 1904 (Vespidae: Polistinae) use plant fibers and saliva to build their nests, although two species are known to reuse material from abandoned nests belonging to other wasps. This paper aims to report the species Parachartegus pseudapicalis Willink, 1959, which has reused material from an abandoned social wasp nest. The record occurred at random, in November 2023, in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado transition area, in the municipality of Luminárias, southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The reported behavior is similar to that observed in Parachartegus fraternus (Gribodo, 1892) and Parachartegus colobopterus (Lichtenstein, 1796). This reuse may be frequent in Parachartergus, but further studies are suggested in order to better elucidate this behavior and its evolutionary significance.

This paper aims to contribute to the reflection that expands and makes explicit the aspects of early motherchild bonding that favor the development of Theory of Mind (ToM). For this purpose, first, we start from the conceptualization of ToM and its understanding from the Theory of Theories and Simulation Theory, as they have been identified as the most important theoretical models that explain one of the most relevant differential capacities of the human species. Subsequently, it is proposed that this capacity emerges in the bonding context, since due to its complexity it constitutes an evolutionary advantage that favors the establishment of the social bond; for this purpose, the developments of the Attachment Theory are used. The content analysis carried out allows us to recognize that treating the child as a mental agent (intentional and with individuality) and tending to use terms of mental state in discourse, play a fundamental role in the development of children’s capacity to understand other minds, so that rather than entering into the debate of internalist or externalist perspectives on the development of ToM, the value of intersubjective experience is highlighted.

O desenvolvimento da biotecnologia no século XX e XXI promove como fonte de valor a informação da natureza, ao passo que a materialidade dos entes naturais ou dos portadores da informação genética tem perdido importância. Neste sentido, a manipulação genética da natureza através da conversão desta em recursos genéticos deu azo a novas ontologias e formas de relacionamento com o mundo natural. A ideia de biodiversidade envolve o conceito de biodiversidade genética, abrindo novos horizontes para a apropriação capitalista da natureza. Neste sentido, reações ao projeto informacional da natureza se reúnem de modo ambivalente no mecanismo compensatório de Acesso e repartição de benefícios (ABS), consagrado na Convenção da Diversidade Biológica (CBD) e no Protocolo de Nagoya (2010). Os conflitos entre a natureza informacional e a natureza material tocam sobremaneira os saberes e conhecimentos indígenas, uma vez que a maior parte da biodiversidade global é desconhecida da ciência moderna e está sob a guarda das culturas indígenas. Esse paper tem como intenção debater a origem do mecanismo de ABS, sua relação com a biodiversidade genética, bem como analisar como ele tem legitimado a concepção de uma visão informacional da natureza que afeta negativamente povos e comunidades tradicionais. É também uma proposta por uma história das ciências e ambiental da biodiversidade.

This paper aims to compare the representations of women in the novels We, by Yevgeny Zamiátin, and The hunger games, by Suzanne Collins, to examine how women are represented in dystopian literature and whether there are significant changes in these representations in the 20th and 21st centuries and how they influence the construction of the dystopian novel. The study was based on feminist and cultural theories, which helped to understand the processes of oppression and resistance present in the characters O-90 and I-330 in Zamiátin's novel and Katniss Everdeen in Suzanne Collins' narrative. The study concludes that, in classic dystopias, women were often portrayed in a stereotyped and unimportant way, despite being essential to the development of the plot, while in more recent works they play a leading role, both in the writing and as characters. However, they are still held responsible for the mistakes they make and suffer greater repression than men. Finally, by placing the characters side by side, it was possible to understand that women are of paramount importance to the construction of dystopia as literature, because they are the most critical characters within the plot, who make it possible to fulfill the dystopia’s premise: to build critical thinking in its reader from an exaggerated reality.

Physical activity provides numerous benefits to physical and mental health, even affecting learning. Despite this, one of the main modern problems is represented by sedentariness. Children and adolescents spend most of their time at school. Therefore, a valid teaching methodology to benefit from the positive effects of physical activity and reduce sedentary moments could be interdisciplinary learning, which integrates physical education into various curricular subjects. Specifically, this paper proposes a systematic literature review of some protocols (n = 11) to investigate whether an elementary school’s integrated physical education and mathematics curriculum can improve learning in the logic-cognitive domain. From all the studies reviewed, the strong importance of interdisciplinary teaching, linking mathematics to physical education, was confirmed to reduce sedentary moments and enable a better attitude toward this discipline, breaking down the many stereotypes that often paint it as a complex and abstract subject.

This study investigates the publication and reception of the Latin American boom literature in Sweden from 1960 to 1990, focusing on Julio Cortázar, Carlos Fuentes, Gabriel García Márquez and Mario Vargas Llosa. It analyses the extent of Swedish translations of their works and the type and amount of attention they received in the Swedish press. Using a bibliometric approach for the translations, and analysing press material on the authors from the evening papers Aftonbladet and Expressen, the study found that 258 of the 532 works translated from Spanish to Swedish during the investigated period were Latin American, with 52 (20%) by the feautured authors. The press material reveals that García Márquez was the most covered, especially around his 1982 Nobel Prize, and the assessment of his literature and public persona was generally positive. Fuentes received significant attention in the 1980s and was also favourably regarded. Vargas Llosa was introduced early on to the Swedish readership, but his literary work and political engagement elicited mixed reactions. Cortázar received the least press coverage, correlating with fewer translations and less public attention.

This study analyzes the integration of the Arabic dialectal loan wesh into the French language and the language habits of the French. Through the suburban language commonly defined as "slang" and hip hop culture, particularly rap, this borrowing has undergone several important semantic shifts and numerous graphic variants. The various definitions of this term in the Petit Robert 2023 (paper version) and the Wiktionnaire (online), as well as statistical research in Internet corpora, reveal evolutions, linguistic variations and trends generated essentially by sociolinguistic functions.

The aim of this study is to evaluate competency-based Education models objectively and provide guidance on designing personalized yet balanced learning pathways that foster adaptability, lifelong learning, and holistic development. The study analyses comparative approaches for mapping competencies to broader occupational categories and emerging topics to mitigate potential risks of narrow competency frameworks such as obsolescence and low transferability. The methodology of this paper is based on a combination of qualitative analysis of problematic aspects of the formation of an individual trajectory of modern Education, with an analytical study of the prospects for the implementation of a competence-oriented strategy to the practical resolution of all issues raised in the declared subject of scientific research. The primary results of this study should be considered the creation of a theoretical model of the personalised learning pathway based on the competence approach, as well as the theoretical definition of the conditions for creating the structure of the individual trajectory of Education based on the competence approach.

This paper examines reinterpretations of solidarity with Latin America through a student-led project at the University of Leeds. The project, ‘Thinking Inside the Box: 1973’ (hereafter, TITB), was a collaboration between the University of London – specifically, King’s College London, Queen Mary University of London, and the London School of Economics – and the Universities of Leeds and Liverpool in 2023. The broader framework of TITB seeks to generate liberatory and transformative learning by approaching the educative process with students as co-creators and co-curators of knowledge. The approach draws from decolonial theory by seeking to challenge the hierarchical practices of mainstream education in which the teacher imposes knowledge on the student. In dialogue with Freirian concepts of collective interpretation and ‘conscientisation’ (Freire, 1968), scholars and students involved in the project used archives to run a series of events and public engagements. It connects students to each other and to a range of archival materials, broadly themed around 20th century Latin America, to inspire them in designing, developing and delivering an output of significant impact by engaging with local communities; in this case, the Chilean diaspora of the dictatorship. The project promotes the co-curation of knowledge, teaching and learning, and supports students to practice autonomy in their journeys of content and skills acquisition (Grimaldi, Carvalho and Natale, 2022; Grimaldi and Rofe, 2023).

This paper intervenes in debates around the relationship between solidarity and worldmaking in the context of decolonisation and the Cold War. While work on worldmaking has drawn attention to key aspects of solidarity formation in this context (e.g. Getachew, 2019; Kelley, 2019), to date it has offered a limited engagement with the role of labour in the articulation of such solidarities. Here, we demonstrate how such a focus on worldmaking can help to highlight the multiple political trajectories that have been shaped through articulations between Chile solidarity and labour internationalism. Drawing on recent work on the Chilean Left, which stresses such multiple trajectories (eg Schlotterbeck, 2017), we provide three engagements with the opposition to authoritarian politics in different geographical contexts, foregrounding the role of exiled trade unionists involved in the Committee of the Exterior of the Central Única de Trabajadores de Chile (CEXCUT). These cases are the contestation of links between the Pinochet regime and Eric Gairy’s dictatorship in Grenada by Caribbean left activists in the Oilfield Workers Trade Union in Trinidad and Caribbean Labour Solidarity (CLS) in Britain; the role of Luis Figueroa of the CEXCUT and other Chilean exiles in shaping links between opposition to Pinochet and struggles for democratisation in the immediate post-junta period in Greece; and the role of maritime workers in British port cities such as Liverpool in contesting trade with Chile. We argue that through examining the relations between different trajectories of solidarity and interconnected geographies of authoritarianism, an engagement with worldmaking practices can help move beyond narrowly statist and methodologically nationalist frameworks.

Abstract This paper examines the causal effect of the levels of democracy in countries on the levels of corruption. Research shows that the levels of corruption in countries decrease when they reach higher levels of democracy. However, most of the evidence has been obtained through correlational or regression studies that do not make clear the causal connection between the variables. The research applied a robust estimator (IPWRA) to a database of 161 countries with average data from 2010-2019, assessing a causality model within the counterfactual framework. The results indicate that a causal relationship does exist; that is, a higher level of democracy in the countries reduces the levels of corruption.

Resumo As discussões levantas nesse texto são fruto de pesquisa acerca da atuação do Grupo Banco Mundial (BM) no campo da educação superior. O autor tem o pressuposto de que as concepções em torno da avaliação da educação superior dos Estados-membros do BM são, parcial ou totalmente, delineadas pelos tensionamentos causados por esse organismo através de documentos orientadores por ele publicados. Para confirmação dessa hipótese, é apresentada a análise do What matters most for tertiary education systems: a framework paper, que se configurou como um documento orientador para a criação e o fortalecimento de ferramentas de avaliação dos sistemas educacionais. A análise semântico-categorial do referido documento, apontou a existência da criação de mecanismos avaliativos por parte do BM, assentados na neoliberalização da educação, em torno dos seguintes tópicos: diversificação institucional, economia do conhecimento, participação do setor privado, financiamento das atividades e acesso e permanência na educação superior. Ressalta-se que este documento bancomundialesco é pouco explorado na literatura científica brasileira. Por isso, considera-se o tempo presente como um momento oportuno para serem erguidas novas trincheiras pela defesa da ideia de ensino superior público, gratuito, laico e de qualidade socialmente referenciada. É a isso que o presente artigo se propõe.

Efavirenz, an antiretroviral drug, is a class 2 according to the biopharmaceutics classification system. Many dissolution enhancement systems have been tried and our group had success using wet milling to decrease particle size and granules were obtained by spray and freeze drying. In this paper we present data related to the upgrade in the process, raising the solids concentration in the suspension from 10 to 50% (m/v) and changing the drying step for a fluid bed granulation. After that, tablets were obtained. Granules and tablets were fully evaluated and a pharmacokinetic study was also performed with the granules. By powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) it was possible to prove that there was no phase transition in the sample after milling and drying. Dissolution efficiency of 4 from 5 granules was higher than 90%, considering 83% for the raw material. Tablets were technically approved but the dissolution was impacted and just 2 out of 11 showed results > 80%. A high enhancement in the bioavailability was also observed, around 172%. So, it is possible to conclude that efavirenz microcrystals with enhanced dissolution and bioavailability can be formulated into tablets and are a viable system to develop a new drug product.

For personal and socioeconomic development, education is a fundamental element. However, despite its relevance and importance, there is no inclusive education that allows access to the entire population. This is especially noticeable in contexts where students are at risk of exclusion. This paper presents a project that aims to reduce the technological gap in the most disadvantaged social classes by promoting the use of Augmented Reality technology. To this end, an experience with children at risk of social exclusion is presented, in which they participated in two training workshops over two weeks, organized into two groups, where one group used Augmented Reality with Tablets and the other did not. The objective of the experience was to assess the impact of using this technology on the emotional state of the students, as well as on the development of computational thinking competence. The results show that students who used Augmented Reality significantly improved their academic results in block programming compared to those who did not use it. Additionally, it was found that the emotional state of the former was generally more pleasant compared to the latter.