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The issue of ethics in banks is quite complex. The behaviour of banks in recent years significantly deviated from the desired ethical standards. The scale of financial fees imposed on financial institutions is has also been growing. In Poland, the lack of research devoted to conduct makes the assessment of the level of compliance impossible, especially since it would be too superfi cial to link this assessment of individual banks solely to fines imposed by the PFSA. At the same time it seems that the current lack of conduct regulations sensustricto do not have a suffi cient (direct) impact on the real operations of banks, and the supervisors lack the competence to force financial institutions to behave more ethically. In the United Kingdom, for several years now, an innovative study has been conducted measuring the level of compliance with conduct in credit institutions. In order for the mechanism for awarding ethical behaviour to be effective, it must motivate the action of the bank's shareholders rather than its employees. This paper proposes a new regulatory solution aimed at rewarding the ethical behaviour of banks. It would consist of a six-month assessment of the ethics of banks in Poland, conducted on the basis of a survey and a qualitative study (being an extended version of the cited study from the United Kingdom). Based on the results of such a study, the PFSA could reduce or increase the soft capital requirement by one percentage point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post-EU-entry emigration of Poles was one of the most important events in Polish history. In addition to traditional patterns of international mobility, a completely new direc-tion for Polish emigrants became Ireland and the UK. Post-EU-entry emigration from Central and Eastern Europe (mainly from Poland) was one of the main factors shaping the image and ethnic structure of contemporary Great Britain. Not surprisingly, it has been recognized as one of the most important events in the migration history of Great Britain. The purpose of this paper is to examine the scale of Polish immigration to the UK in light of British statistical sources. The paper attempts to show not only a change in migrant flow, but also provides the demographic and social characteristics of this group of people and its spatial distribution. In addition, the paper describes the principal UK sources of information on the scale of post-EU-entry migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]