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Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of curcumin and ibuprofen on pain control, in terms of pain intensity and duration of analgesia after extraction of the third molar of the mandible in the maxillofacial surgery department of the University School of Dentistry Islamic Azad Medical Sciences in the academic year 1400-1399. Material and Methods: The study was performed as a double-blind randomized clinical trial on 48 patients who were candidates for mandibular third molar surgery. they should also write their pain intensity one hour after taking the second dose of the drug after seeing the first symptoms of pain based on the VAS scale and the duration of their analgesia from the time of taking the drug (which was one hour before surgery for all patients) to the first signs of pain appeared on a piece of paper. Data analysis was performed using Two sample T test power analysis of PASS software version 22. Results: The results of our study showed that the duration of analgesia after Curcumin use is shorter compared to Ibuprofen (P<0.001). This difference was also statistically significant. Also, after taking the second dose of the drug, patients treated with ibuprofen reported less pain intensity, although this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.39) Conclusion: Ibuprofen compared to Curcumin further reduces patients' pain and also has a longer duration of pain for patients after extraction of the third molar of the mandible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic disease that causes widespread musculoskeletal pain. It primarily affects women and negatively impacts many aspects of a person’s psychological and social life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on automatic negative thoughts, psychological symptoms, pain intensity, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Methods & Materials This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental and one control group. The statistical study population consisted of all individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome referred to Mehregan Pain Clinic in Mirdamad (District 3), Seyed Khandan Clinic (District 4), and Taleghani Hospital Pain Clinic (District 1) in Tehran City, Iran. Of them, 30 patients were randomly selected and divided into three groups of experimental 1, experimental 2, and control; each group will include 10 people. The instruments used in this study included the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL BREF), pain intensity questionnaire (PIS), psychological symptoms questionnaire (Anxiety, Stress and Depression [DASS]), and automatic negative thoughts (QNS). Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University (Code: IR.IAU.ARAK.REC.1400.005). Results The analysis of covariance showed the effectiveness of both cognitive therapies based on mindfulness and compassion therapy on four variables of pain intensity, psychological symptoms, automatic negative thoughts, and quality of life (P<0.05). Comparing the two intervention methods showed that both therapies had almost the same effect on pain intensity, psychological symptoms, and automatic negative thoughts (P<0.05) but the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention on the quality of life was significantly higher than compassion intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and compassion therapy are suitable for people with fibromyalgia under appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Autism is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder. Children with autism are known to have qualitative defects in communication and social interactions, as well as repetitive and limited behaviors. In addition, these children have deficits in joint attention. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the joint attention training program on the neuropsychological abilities and mental flexibility of children with high-functioning autism aged 3 to 7 in Abadan City, Iran. Material & Methods: A semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and a control group was conducted in 2021 for 30 children with high-functioning autism disorder in Fereshtagan and Noandish centers in Abadan, Iran. The sampling was performed in an accessible way and via the randomized balanced blocks method in the experimental and control groups. Moreover, the assignment and joint attention training program was implemented in the intervention group. The data were collected using the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ, Ehlers and Gillberg, 1993), Continuous Performance Task (CPT, Connors, 2004), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST, Grant and Berg, 1948). The obtained data were analyzed through the multivariate covariance test and at a significance level of 0.05 using the SPSS software. Results: In the intervention group, the mean (standard deviation) of neuropsychological abilities decreased from 7.82 (0.93) in the pre-test to 6.26 (0.84) in the post-test (P<0.001). In the intervention group, the mean (standard deviation) of cognitive flexibility decreased from 7.00 (1.00) in the pre-test to 6.22 (0.70) in the post-test (P<0.001). Discussion & Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of the joint attention training program in improving neuropsychological abilities and mental flexibility, the implementation of this program is recommended for preschool counselors and psychologists to improve the conditions of children, especially those with high-functioning autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The possible accidents for mountaineers and the importance of safety highlight the necessity of first aid training in the mountains. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the impact of face-to-face, virtual, and integrated first aid training on the knowledge, attitude, and skills of mountaineers. Material & Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 93 mountaineers using the available sampling method and random allocation using permutation blocks of six in three groups of virtual, face-to-face, and integrated training. The intervention was carried out for four weeks. Face-to-face and integrated training groups attended in-person classes, while the virtual training group received the content through WhatsApp messenger during the same period. Participants completed the demographic characteristic form, as well as knowledge, attitude, and skill questionnaires before the intervention and three weeks after its completion, and the data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using descriptive and inferential statistical tests (P<0.05). Results: The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and skills in the three groups before and after the intervention had a significant difference and increased after the intervention (P<0.001). In the inter-group comparison, the face-to-face training group obtained higher scores in attitude (69.58±4.19) and skill (44.06±12.99) compared to the virtual and integrated education (P<0.000214). Discussion & Conclusion: There was a significant difference between the attitude, knowledge, and skill scores of mountaineers in all three groups of face-to-face, virtual, and integrated training before and after the intervention, and the mean scores increased. Nonetheless, the mean score of face-to-face training was higher than that of virtual and integrated training methods. It is suggested that face-to-face training be used to teach first aid to mountaineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Resistance training (RT) is an important part of athletes' preparation exercises with the aim of strengthening physical fitness, creating neuro-muscular adaptations and improving sports performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with weights on nerve conduction speed and functional and skill indicators of seven to ten-year-old gymnasts. Methods: In this study, 24 children with two years of experience in gymnastics (age: 8.5±1.5 years, weight: 32.10±9.40 kg, height: 135±13 cm) voluntarily Participated. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups including gymnastics training and gymnastics training + resistance training with weights. And they trained for 10 weeks. During the research, one group did general gymnastics exercises, and the other group did resistance training with weights three times a week in addition to gymnastics exercises. Before and after the exercises, NCV test, Sargent's jump muscle power tests, agility of 9x4m back-and-forth run, Wells' flexibility, and performing half-back, half-turn and balance skills of Angel were performed. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data. And a significance level of P<0.05 was considered. Results: The results showed that the NCV in the tibial and peroneal nerves increased significantly in the weight resistance training group compared to the general gymnastics training group. Also, muscle strength in Sargent's jump, agility in 4x9m back and forth running, and the performance of half-back and half-turn skills increased significantly (P<0.05). However, no significant change was observed in the flexibility with the Wells test (P=0.870) and execution of Angel's balance skill (P=0.552). Conclusions: 10 weeks of resistance training with weights significantly increases neuromuscular adaptations, NCV, muscle power, agility, and implementation of half-back and half-varus skills in gymnast children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mothers are more responsible for raising their children, and they are usually the main caregivers of disabled children. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy on social avoidance in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Material & Methods: This study with a quasi-experimental research design had a pretest, post-test, and a control group. The research sample consisted of 40 mothers referred to Occupational Therapy Centers in Ilam, Iran, in 2021. Then, they were randomly assigned into an experimental group (n=20) and a control group (n=20). The experimental group received behavioral activation group therapy based on the protocol provided by Kanter, Bush, and Rush during eight 90-minute sessions in one group session per week[S1]. Information was collected using a social phobia questionnaire (SPI) by Connor et al. (2000) in two stages of pre- and post-interventions. Covariance analysis and SPSS software (version 27) were used for data analysis. Results:Based on the obtained results, at the end of the treatment, the social avoidance scores of the intervention group were significantly reduced compared to the control group (P<0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: The study showed that behavioral activation therapy has a favorable effect on reducing the severity of symptoms of social avoidance disorder in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Therefore, this treatment is suggested as a complementary treatment along with drug treatments to improve psychological symptoms in these people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is important because it can cause stigma and psychological, family, and social problems in affected people. Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of schema therapy on adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive-emotion regulation in people with HIV. Methods This is an interventional study with a pretest-posttest design. Thirty people with HIV were selected by a convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. Garnefski et al.’s cognitive-emotion regulation questionnaire - short form (CERQ-SF) was used to collect data. The intervention group received 10 two-hour sessions of group treatment based on Young’s schema therapy model. The data analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 26 using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The results ANCOVA showed that group schema therapy affected the use of adaptive strategies (acceptance, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, and putting into perspective) and maladaptive strategies (self-blame and catastrophizing), (P<0.001). However, it had no significant effect on other-blame (P=0.033) and rumination (P=0.102). Conclusion Schema therapy can increase the use of adaptive strategies and reduce the use of maladaptive strategies (self-blame and catastrophizing) of cognitive-emotion regulation in people with HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background One of the applications of honey is in wound healing. A stapler normally connects the skin graft to the underlying bed. Due to its high cost and lack of production in Iran, and causing physical damage to the tissue, an alternative method is needed. Objective This study aims to compare the effects of using medical honey and staplers for skin graft fixation in patients with burn wounds in the north of Iran. Methods In this clinical trial, 80 patients with deep second-degree and third-degree burns less than 40% of total body surface area were included and were randomly divided into two groups of honey (n=40) and stapler (n=40). Demographic information and the percentage of burns were extracted from patients’ medical files. The graft rejection, number of hospitalization days, grafted skin displacement, graft contracture, pain severity, existence of edema or hematoma, itching severity, and infection after grafting were investigated and recorded. Results Of 80 patients, 34 were male (42.5%) and 46 were female (57.5%). The mean age of the patients was 39.29±15.42 years. A significant difference was observed in the mean number of hospitalization days after grafting (P<0.001), incidence of infection, hematoma, edema, and severity of pain and itching (P<0.001), which were lower in the honey group. The graft contracture rate was lower in the stapler group (P<0.001). Graft rejection was not observed in any groups. Conclusion The use of medical honey for skin graft fixation reduces the duration of hospitalization and adverse effects such as pain, itching, edema, hematoma, and infection compared to staplers. This method is as efficient as the routine treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Energy homeostasis as a metabolic control pathway can be investigated from different dimensions. The present study aimed to assess the effect of eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training on adropin, spexin, and TNFa, as well as insulin resistance indices, in obese men with type 2 diabetes. Material & Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 obese men with type 2 diabetes in khoy in 2022 were selected and randomly assigned to three groups: control, aerobic exercise, and resistance exercise. Aerobic and resistance training (three sessions per week) was performed for eight weeks. In the pre-test and posttest stages, the levels of serum adropin, spexin, and TNFa, as well as the indices of insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, were measured. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using Shapiro-Wilk, t-test correlated, and one-way analysis of variance test to investigate intra-group and inter-group effects, respectively. Results: Aerobic and resistance training causes significant changes in fat percentage, fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL in obese men with type 2 diabetes (P≤0/05). Moreover, in the between-group comparison, aerobic exercise causes significant changes in mean blood pressure, insulin, Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), adropin, and spexin levels in obese men with type 2 diabetes (P≤0/05). Conclusion: Participation in an aerobic exercise program with moderate intensity exerts more marked effects on adropin and spexin indices compared to resistance exercise. It is recommended to consider aerobic training programs in diabetic people as an effective factor in therapeutic intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Neurodevelopmental disorders begin in childhood and lead to a weakening of physical, cognitive, emotional and social skills in affected children. The aim of this study is to develop a multimedia educational program and to evaluate its effectiveness on problem solving in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Material & Methods: In this study, a multimedia training program with a neuropsychological approach was first developed and the content validity of the tool was confirmed by experts. The effectiveness of the program was then evaluated in a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, a post-tesand a follow-up phase. The participants in this study were children with neurodevelopmental disorders whose male students were studying in Tehran in the academic year of 1400-1401. The children were examined using the Tehran Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test, and 100 children with neurodevelopmental disorders were selected based on the available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups, the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group completed 24 -training sessions that focused on a multimedia training program with a neuropsychological approach. Each session took place five times a week and lasted 90 minutes. The instrument used in this research were London Tower Test (Shalis,1982), which was used as a pre-test, post-testand for the follow-up studies. The data were then analyzed using repeated measurement tests and multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA). Findings: The results showed that the multimedia training program can influence the problem-solving skills (p≤0/01) of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. It also showed that the effect of this instruction was constant even after 1/5 months. Conclusion: multimedia training program with Neuropsychological approach enhance problem solving of Children with neurodevelopmental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & aim: Cardiac arrest and heart attack are the most common cardiovascular diseases in the world. Most of the time, during a cardiac arrest, there is a person as an observer who can prevent brain death and save the patient's life in the golden time (first 4 to 6 minutes of cardiopulmonary arrest) by performing resuscitation. The aim of this study was to compare two methods of basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in person and virtual on the level of learning resuscitation skills (awareness and performance) in military families. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 100 people from families living in selected organizational areas were randomly assigned to two groups of face-to-face training (50 people) and virtual training (50 people). In the face-to-face training group, during a 2-hour session, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and how to deal with cardiac arrest victims were taught theoretically and practically (mannequins). In the virtual educational group, educational materials were presented by using virtual channels (once-up Weita platform) and sending animation videos, photos, short texts, and PDF files of educational booklets during two weeks. In order to collect data, a demographic form, an awareness questionnaire including 14 four-choice questions, and a performance assessment checklist including 13 items were used to assess the skill in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. At the end, the collected data were compared between the two groups. Results: Data related to age (P = 0.468), sex (P = 0.812), education (P = 0.307), occupation (P = 0.055) had no significant difference in the two groups. The U-Man-Whitney test showed that there was no statistically significant difference before the intervention between the two groups of face-to-face and virtual education in terms of knowledge and skill levels (P>0.05). Wilcoxon's statistical test showed that the difference in the mean score of knowledge and skill level before and after the intervention in both face-to-face and virtual education groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, the U-Man Whitney test showed that there is a statistically significant difference after the intervention between the two groups of face-to-face and virtual training in terms of knowledge and skill level (P<0.05). Conclusion: In this research, in both face-to-face and virtual training groups, the amount of knowledge and skill increased significantly compared to before and after the training. However, by comparing the two groups, it was observed that the amount of knowledge in the participants of the virtual training group was higher and the amount of skill in the participants of the face-to-face training group were more. Despite the belief of the effectiveness of face-to-face training, the findings of this research showed that virtual training can be as effective as face-to-face training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Drug abuse is one of the most important health, social and economic problems in many countries, and the world has faced shocking statistics of its prevalence in society in the last three decades. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on the psychological well-being of drug abusers. Method: The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population includes all drug abusers in addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah during the years 2017 to 2019. From these people, 60 people were selected as available sampling and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups (30 people in each group). The research tools included Rif Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (1989) and 8-session life skills training intervention by Khalilan and Aflakifar (2016). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28 software and multivariate covariance analysis. Results: The findings showed that life skills training had a significant effect on the dimensions of psychological well-being in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.05). Based on the results for the six dimensions of mental well-being, i.e. independence, mastery of the environment, personal growth, positive relationship with others, purposefulness in life and self-acceptance, respectively 0.24, 0.30, 0.31, 0.49, 0.67 and 0.39 in the average difference of the groups was due to the effect of the intervention. Conclusion: Life skills training increases self-control and decreases positive attitude towards drug use in people. By learning life skills training, environmental mastery, independence and other psychological well-being structures can be promoted in people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder in which the facts surrounding a person are interpreted as abnormal. The treatment aims to reduce symptoms and the possibility of disease recurrence. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of spironolactone on schizophrenia symptoms. Method: In this double-blind analytical and clinical study, 44 patients were randomly divided into two groups. The study was carried out in Quds Hospital and centers for psychiatric patients in Sanandaj city in 2019 and 2020. The number of patients decreased to 32 due to drug side effects and unwillingness to continue treatment. The instrument used was the scale test of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Datum were analyzed using chi-square and ANOVA with repeated measurements and independent t-tests by SPSS-23 software. Results: The results showed that out of 44 patients studied, 37 (84.1%) were men and 7 (15.9%) were women. The imbalance was due to the small sample size. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of sex distribution, literacy level, marital status, employment history, and background medication use (P>0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of reducing negative symptoms (P=0.666), positive symptoms (P=0.748) and general symptoms (P=0.342). Conclusion: According to the finding, spironolactone has no significant effect on reducing negative, positive, and general symptoms. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out more studies using this drug (by removing the limitations of this study) and other drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs is to correct or eliminate risk factors and ultimately reduce injury. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of neuromuscular exercises on knee and ankle joint proprioception in male soccer player students prone to anterior cruciate ligament injury. Material & Methods: In this quasi-experimental research, 24 male soccer players prone to anterior cruciate ligament injury at Khorazmi University of Tehran in 2018 were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n=12) and control groups (n=12). Two days before the commencement of neuromuscular training, knee and ankle proprioception assessment was performed on all subjects. The members of the experimental group participated in the neuromuscular training program for six weeks (3 sessions per week). Two days after finishing the training, all subjects were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using Shapiro-Wilk, covariance, and paired t-tests. Findings: In this study, among 24 students prone to anterior cruciate ligament injury, 12 cases performed neuromuscular training for six weeks. The results demonstrated that knee proprioception (P=0.013) and ankle proprioception (in inversion movement p=0.032, in eversion movement P=0.047) in the experimental group improved significantly after six weeks of neuromuscular training compared to the control group (P≤0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, the use of neuromuscular training can be recommended to improve the proprioception of the knee and ankle joints and ultimately prevent anterior cruciate ligament injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Technology-based interventions, such as electrical brain stimulation may be effective in the cognitive and personality processes of substance abusers, including nicotine dependents. Objective We conducted this study to investigate the effectiveness of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) using alpha frequency on inhibitory control and impulsivity in nicotine-dependent individuals. Methods We used a pre-test/post-test/follow-up quasi-experimental design with control and sham groups. We selected 30 eligible nicotine addicts from Mashhad using the available sampling method and randomly divided the subjects into three groups. We applied the intervention in eight sessions for 20 minutes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for the first group, fake interventions for the second group, and no intervention for the third group. The Fagerström questionnaire, Barrett impulsivity questionnaire, and go-no-go task were used to collect data. After eight sessions, people’s inhibitory control and impulsivity were evaluated and analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Also, after two months, we evaluated inhibitory control data with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results The effectiveness of alpha-tACS intervention on short- and long-term inhibitory control was significantly different in the experimental group compared to other groups (P=0.001). There was no significant difference between these three groups in impulsivity (P=0.700). Conclusion Alpha-tACS intervention effectively increases inhibitory control in nicotine-dependent individuals but does not explicitly affect their impulsivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Healthcare workers, who work at the frontline of providing health services, are at risk of occupational stress due to several conditions. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effects of virtual training based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory on occupational stress of healthcare workers in Bushehr, Iran. Material & Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 63 healthcare workers in Bushehr city in 10 comprehensive healthcare centers randomly selected as intervention and control centers (n=5 each). The intervention group received four sessions of virtual training based on self-efficacy theory in the form of a webinar, while the control group received no training. The information of the studied subjects was collected using a questionnaire consisting of four sections, namely demographic information assessment, self-efficacy assessment, and occupational stress assessment before, two weeks, and one month after the educational intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24. Findings: In general, knowledge and self-efficacy increased in the intervention group after training, and changes in knowledge and self-efficacy were significantly different between the two groups during the study period (P<0.001). In the intervention group, occupational stress improved two weeks and one month after training, compared to the pre-training period, whereas in the control group, although the changes were significant, these changes manifested as an increase in stress intensity. There was a significant difference in occupational stress changes between the two groups during the study period (P<0.001), and the condition improved in the intervention group. Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that virtual stress management education based on self-efficacy theory could increase knowledge levels and self-efficacy and improve occupational stress in healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Various drugs are used as adjuvants to improve the quality of supraclavicular block method. Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of adding dexmedetomidine to lidocaine in the supraclavicular block method in patients candidate for upper extremity surgery. Methods This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 61 patients candidate for upper extremity fracture surgery receiving the supraclavicular block method from 2017 to 2018. They were randomly divided into two groups of lidocaine-normal saline (30 mL of 1.5% lidocaine plus normal saline) and lidocaine-dexmedetomidine (30 mL of 1.5% lidocaine plus 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine). The supraclavicular block characteristics and intraoperative hemodynamic changes were measured. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the demographic factors. The mean age of patients was 43.09±10.92 years, and most of them were male. The mean onset time of sensory-motor blockade was faster and the duration of sensory-motor blockade and analgesia were longer in the lidocaine-dexmedetomidine group than in the other group. These differences were statistically significant. There was significant differences in hemodynamic parameters among nine assessment times in each group and between the two groups. Conclusion Adding dexmedetomidine to lidocaine in the supraclavicular block method accelerates the blockade onset and increases the duration of blockade and analgesia after surgery without causing any considerable side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Sciatica is one of the most common diseases of the peripheral nervous system and may be caused by pressure on the sciatic nerve. Due to the fact that piriformis muscle located near the sciatic nerve, piriformis muscle spasm may put pressure on the nerve and cause sciatica and consequently piriformis syndrome. The present study aims to investigate the effect of core stability exercises on pain and inflammation of patients with piriformis syndrome. Methods & Materials This is a randomized clinical trial. The study population consists of all patients with piriformis syndrome referred to medical centers in Arak, Iran from. Of these, 20 were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of control (n=10) and exercise (n=10). The exercise group performed core stability exercises for 6 weeks, while the control group continued their normal life during this period. To examine the differences between the study groups, t-test, Chi-Square test, and McNemar’s test were used. The significance level was set at 0.05. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1400.157) and was registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (ID: IRCT20211003052662N1). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results The Mean pain score in the control group decreased from 95.2 to 90.7 after the exercise, which was not statistically significant (P=0.562). In the exercise group, the mean pain score decreased from 91.7 to 33.4, and this decrease was statistically significant (P=0.0); Therefore, at 95% confidence interval, we can say that core stability exercises had a significant effect on the pain of patients with piriformis syndrome (P<0.05). The number of patients with inflamed nerve in the control group decreased from 10 in the pre-test phase to 8 in the post-test phase, but this decrease was not statistically significant (P=0.5). In the exercise group, it was reduced from 10 to 2, and this decrease was statistically significant (P=0.008); Therefore, we can say that core stability exercises had a significant effect on the inflammation of patients with piriformis syndrome (P<0.05). Conclusion Core stability exercises can reduce pain and inflammation in patients with piriformis syndrome. These exercises can be used in the treatment of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Considering that no study on the efficacy of dexmedetomidine during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been performed in Iran so far, we decided to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of dexmedetomidine and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing ERCP. Materials and Methods: A double-blind clinical trial was performed (2020) among 80 patients undergoing ERCP grade ASA I, and II who had no asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and no history of allergies to propofol and dexmedetomidine. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (fentanyl and propofol) and (fentanyl and dexmedetomidine). Their heart rate per minute, mean arterial pressure, respiration rate per minute, and blood oxygen saturation at intervals of 5 and 15 minutes after the start and end of the procedure, the level of patient cooperation, and endoscopies satisfaction were compared. Results: Mean age of the propofol group was 63/13±17/88 and the dexmedetomidine group was 16/99±58/55 (P=0.191). Mean heart rate and respiration rate per minute were not different significantly in any of the time intervals. Mean arterial pressure in the propofol group before, 5, and 15 minutes after the start and end of ERCP were higher than dexmedetomidine group (105/95±15/91, 123/75±25/54, 118/10±13/06 and 14/61±117/50, respectively). The percentage of oxygen saturation at 5 minutes and at the end of the procedure was higher in the propofol group (P=0.01 and P=0.03, respectively) Conclusion: Due to fewer side effects and more satisfaction of patients receiving propofol; this drug is preferred for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Neurodevelopmental disorders are group of neuropsychiatric disorders that occur in childhood and cause disruption in the growth and development of the brain or central nervous system in children. According to research results, children with neurodevelopmental disorders are weak in physical, cognitive, emotional, and social skills. This study aimed to develop a multimedia educational program with a neuropsychological approach and evaluate its effectiveness in the social skills of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Material & Methods:In this study, initially, a multimedia educational program with neuropsychological approach was designed, and the content validity of the tool was confirmed by experts. The statistical population of this study included male students aged 7-11 years old with neurodevelopmental disorder in Tehran, Iran. Using the purposefully convenience sampling method, and after administering Stanford-Binet Test of Intelligence (Fifth Edition), 100 children with neurodevelopmental disorder and natural IQ level and above were selected and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was subjected to 90-min 24 multimedia educational sessions with neuropsychological approach. On the other hand, the control group received no intervention. They were then followed-up after one month and a half. The required data were collected using Social Skills Rating System (Gresham and Elliot, 1999) as pre-test, post-test, and the follow-up. Findings: The results of repeated measurement MANCOVA showed the effectiveness of the multimedia educational program with neuropsychological approach in the improvement of social skills of children with neurodevelopmental disorder (P˂0.01; Effect Size 0.35). Furthermore, it was shown that the effect of this program with neuropsychological approach on the social skills of children with neurodevelopmental disorder was constant even after one month and a half. Discussion & Conclusion: A multimedia educational program with neuropsychological approach can be used to increase and strengthen the social skills of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Covid-19 patients perceive a lot of stress and suffer from psychological symptoms including depression, stress and anxiety. Because these patients are required to comply with quarantine conditions, remote training can be used for these patients. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of remote training of stress management in a cognitive-behavioral way on the psychological symptoms of covid-19 patients. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, the research population was all the patients with Covid-19 referred to the Dr.Garazi hospital in Isfahan city in the winter of 1400. 70 people were selected by available sampling method and divided into two intervention and control groups (35 people) by limited randomization method. For the intervention group, remote training program on stress management was implemented in five sessions of 60 minutes in two weeks. The control group did not receive training. Psychological symptoms were measured before and after the training sessions using the DASS-21 questionnaire. The data were analyzed with SPSS21 software and at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics and by performing chi-square tests, analysis of variance, independent and paired ttest, and analysis of covariance. Results: Remote training of stress management in a cognitive-behavioral way has had a significant effect on all dimensions of psychological symptoms of covid-19 patients in the intervention group and has reduced them in the intervention group. (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, this method of training can improve the psychological symptoms of covid-19 patients. Considering the possibility of easy and comprehensive use of distance education, it is recommended to use this method of teaching patients in similar pandemic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Given the increasing number of patients with multiple sclerosis and the psychological complications that affect this group, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy for these patients Methods & Materials This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. A total of 45 patients with multiple sclerosis were selected from MS patients in Tehran Clinic, Tehran City, Iran, in 2020. They were randomly divided into three groups: the first group was under treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy, the second group was assigned to the compassion-focused therapy, and the third group was the control. The participants completed the Connor and Davidson resilience questionnaire and the Pennsylvania concern questionnaire in the pretest and post-test stages. The first and second groups participated in eight sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy and ten sessions of compassion-focused therapy, respectively. The control group did not receive any intervention. The post-test was done at the end of the therapy sessions. Data were reported by analysis of covariance. Ethical Considerations This research was approved by the Torbat Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University (Cod: IR.IAU.TJ.REC.1399.012). Results The results of univariate analysis of covariance were obtained at the statistical level of P<0.05. In this regard, F=5.88 for resilience and F=42.60 for anxiety intensity were obtained, which indicated the greater effectiveness of acceptance and commitment treatment. Conclusion Considering the effectiveness of both treatments, it is suggested that these treatments be given more attention to controlling patients’ psychological symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder are a good target group for cognitive rehabilitation Because their behavioral problems, including inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, have a specific cognitive and cerebral origin. This adaptation of behavior to cognitive function provides an opportunity to repair behavior by strengthening cognitive function. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation based on virtual reality technology as a new method and classical cognitive rehabilitation in improving the executive functions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Methods & Materials: This research was a quasi-experimental study using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all children aged 7-12 years with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Tehran in 1398 who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups of 12 people. In the pre-test stage, participants were assessed with the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale and the Computer Integrated Visual and Auditory Test (IVA-2). The first group received a virtual reality-based cognitive rehabilitation package and the second group received a Captain Log computer cognitive rehabilitation package, 12 sessions twice a week. No intervention was performed in the control group during this period. Post-tests were taken from all 3 groups after the intervention. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data using SPSS software v. 26. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch (Code: IR.IAU.CTB.REC.1400.001). Results: The results showed that both methods of cognitive rehabilitation intervention had a significant effect on cognitive functions (selective attention, sustained attention) of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children (P<0.01). But no significant difference was observed between the mean scores of selective attention and sustained attention in the first experimental group and the second experimental group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Virtual reality-based cognitive rehabilitation is as effective as classical cognitive rehabilitation on selective attention and sustained attention in children with ADHD. Virtual reality-based cognitive rehabilitation can be used as a new approach to rehabilitating this disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endoscopy is one of the most common diagnostic and therapeutic methods in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. Anxiety and pain are associated with the patients. This procedure is unpleasant and intolerable. The present study was performed to determine the effect of the clinical Orientation Tour on the anxiety, pain, and satisfaction of patients who were candidates for endoscopy referred to Hospital in Rafsanjan in 2019. Hazrat Ali Ibn Abitaleb (AS) Hospital in Rafsanjan in 2019. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 64 patients referred to the hospital were randomly divided into control and intervention groups. Demographic characteristics, Spiel Berger Anxiety Scale, Visual Analogue Pain Scale, and Modified Questionnaire (GHAA-9) were the data collection tools. The intervention was Orientation Tour with endoscopy and direct endoscopic observation. Patient's anxiety before and after the intervention, pain during endoscopy, and satisfaction after endoscopy were measured. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, independent t-test, Chi-square, linear regression, and Mann-Whitney tests. Analysis was done using SPSS software version 16. Results: The mean score of overt anxiety before the intervention was 56.78 ± 7.32 and after the intervention was 35.19 ± 12.52, latent anxiety ranged from 57.22 ± 9.04 to 32.25 ± 13.67, and total anxiety from 114.00±15.90 decreased to 67.44 ± 25.76, which was statistically significant (P=0.0001). However, in the control group, it was associated with an increase in anxiety scores after the intervention. Pain during endoscopy was also statistically significant between the intervention and control groups (P=0.0001). But the mean satisfaction score after endoscopy was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.161). Conclusion: Clinical orientation training is effective in reducing anxiety and pain in patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy. It can therefore be suggested to reduce anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Study on the effectiveness of new methods of low back pain treatment is very important due to its high prevalence. There is no consensus on the most effective treatment for low back pain, despite the existence of different treatments options. Objective This study aims to assess the effect of 8 weeks of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) and core stability (CS) exercises on pain, hamstring flexibility, balance, abdominal muscle strength, and quality of life (QoL) in men with chronic low back pain. Methods Participants were 20 men with non-specific low back pain, randomly divided into two groups of DNS (Age=47.8±9.82 years, BMI=25.8±2.9 kg/m² ) and CS (Age=42.4±11.8 years, BMI=28.1±13.1 kg/ m² ). Subjects performed exercises for 8 weeks. Before and after exercises, their pain, hamstring flexibility, static and dynamic balances, abdominal muscle strength, and QoL were assessed. For data analysis, the paired t-test and analysis of covariance were used, considering a significance level of P<0.05. Results Both training methods improved pain, abdominal muscle strength and static balance. The CS exercise significantly improved hamstring muscle flexibility, and DNS exercise significantly improved QoL. The comparison between the two methods showed no significant difference in any study variables. Conclusion Both CS and DNS exercises can be used in designing the interventions for patients with chronic low back pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Divorce is an ancient and social problem in society that the widespread consequences continue long after to this incident. Aim: The present aim this study was to examine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on promoting mental health and rumination of divorce women. Method: This present research is a simi-experimental plan in which pretest-posttest with the control group has been used. The statistical population of this study is formed of divorced women under the auspices of Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Welfare Organization in 2021. For this purpose a total of 50 women were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned in control and experimental groups. Instruments were Rumination Response Style (RRS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The experimental group participated in emotion regulation training to 90–minute 10 sessions during the two months. The data were analyzed by SPSS-22 and multivariate covariance. Results: The mean and standard deviation of age were 39.4 and 8.25, respectively. The results showed that after controlling the effects of covariate variables (pretest), effectiveness of emotion regulation training on promoting health and rumination components include somatic symptom of (F=17.45, P>0.01), anxity (F=25.52, P>0.01), social performance (F=26.99, P>0.01), depression (F=15.47, P>0.01), rumination response (F=75.13, P>0.01) and distraction respons (F=34.42, P>0.01) divorce womens were significant. Conclusion: On the basis of the finding of this study it can be conclouded that emotion regulation training could be an effective intervention in enhancing mental health and reducing rumination. Thus, it is suggested that such intervention be used in family counsling and mental health centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of neurofeedback exercises on executive performance, cognitive flexibility, and attention in students with learning disabilities. Material & Methods: In this study, a total of 30 male students with learning disabilities were referred to the Movafaghiat Clinic in Tehran, Iran, and were randomly assigned to two groups (each including 15 students). The first group (experimental group) received 16 sessions of neurofeedback training (two sessions per week) and the second group (control) did not receive any intervention. The study instruments included the Wisconsin cognitive flexibility test and the Stroop attention test. The data were analyzed using the univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software (version 24). Findings: The results showed that the experimental group had superiority in terms of the indicators of the Stroop Attention test and Wisconsin Cognitive Flexibility test. Discussion & Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, neurofeedback training is effective in improving the executive functions of students with learning disabilities. Accordingly, this method can be used to improve the executive functions of these groups of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bariatric surgery is one of the recent advances in the treatment of morbid obesity associated with gastrointestinal disorders. Because of the importance of lifestyle on health promotion, we aimed to investigate the effect of lifestyle modification on gastrointestinal disorders in patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: This study was a clinical trial performed in the surgical ward of Hazrat Valiasr Hospital during 2020-2021. 70 patients underwent bariatric surgery according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were purposefully selected and randomly assigned using quadratic block A and B and divided into experimental and control groups The day before the surgery, an educational intervention was performed for the experimental group with respect to lifestyle modification including six dimensions (nutrition, physical activity, responsibility for health, stress management, relationships and interpersonal support, and spiritual growth, and selffulfillment). The day before and two months after sleeve gastrectomy, the participants were evaluated using the health-promoting lifestyle profile II and a researcher-made questionnaire on gastrointestinal complications. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 22, using descriptive and inferential statistical tests (Chi-square, dependent and independent t test and McNemar test) at the significance level of P < 0.05. Results: The rate of constipation and diarrhea decreased after the intervention in the experimental group but the difference was not statistically significant. The rate of nausea and vomiting before and after the intervention was different in both experimental and control group. However, the rate of nausea was significantly lower in the experimental group compared with the control group after the intervention. The rate of reflux reduced before and after the intervention in the experimental group compared with the control group, but the difference not statistically significant compared with the control group after the intervention. Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of lifestyle modification in reducing gastrointestinal disorders in patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy, planning to perform this educational intervention is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of "cognitive-behavioral therapy" (CBT) and "emotion-focused therapy" (EFT) on quality of life (QOL) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Materials and Methods: Consenting irritable bowel syndrome patients referring to a specialized clinic for gastroenterology in Tehran, Iran (Masoud Clinic) were enrolled in a randomized, controlled study using pre-test, post-test and follow-up assessments. The participants were randomly allocated to one of the three treatment groups: the first group received eight weeks of weekly CBT, the second group received eight weeks of weekly EFT, and the third group received their usual care without any specialized psychological intervention (control). The measurement tool of this study was the specific QOL test for patients with IBS (IBS-QOL). Twofactor analysis of variance with repeated measures (mixed analysis of variance), and one-way covariance analysis were used for analysis as appropriated. Results: We found that CBT and EFT both had a significant effect on improving QOL in the post-test and follow-up phase, but CBT was not effective on the component of sexual concerns with respect to the QOL of patients with IBS. Conclusion: Therefore, CBT and EFT affect the quality of life of patients with IBS, but CBT did not affect the sexual anxiety component of QOL in these patients. EFT was a more appropriate approach and has a long-lasting effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the most common childhood disorders considered by psychologists and psychiatrists is Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, which leads to attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity in affected people. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Chess training in students with ADHD. Method: The statistical community of the present quasi-experimental study was 76 students with ADHD in Khorramabad city in the academic year of 2019-2020. 32 students were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 16 controls and experiments based on age, sex and pre-test results. And the experimental group received chess training for 11 consecutive weeks and a weekly session of 60 to 90 minutes. Subjects were evaluated three times (pre-test, post-test, two-week follow-up) with Connors and Swanson questionnaires and data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni test and Spss 21 software. Results: The results of the study showed a direct and high correlation between the results obtained from both Swanson and Connors measuring instruments and the positive effect of chess training on students with ADHD. (P=0.001, F=20.17). Conclusions: Due to the positive effect of Chess training on the symptoms of ADHD, it is suggested that Chess training be used to reduce the symptoms of ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of resiliency training on positive and negative affect and reduce the psychological distress in mothers of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods & Materials The research method was semi-experimental with and pre-test, post-test design with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all mothers of children with ADHD in Tabriz in 2020, among which 30 were selected by convenience sampling method, were randomly assigned to experimental, and control groups. The research tools included the Positive and Negative Affect Scale and Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Questionnaires. Ethical Considerations The Ethics Committee of the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch approved this study (Code: IR.IAU.TABRIZ.REC.1398.062). Results The results of 9 sessions with 90 minutes of group resilience training (taken from Henderson & Milstein, 2003) showed that resiliency training leads to an increase in positive affect and a decrease in negative affect, as well as a decrease in psychological distress in mothers of children with ADHD. Conclusion These results suggest that resiliency education can be effective as an educational-therapeutic approach to increase positive emotions and decrease negative emotions and mental disorders in mothers of children with childhood disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and the consumption of kefir dough on anthropometric indices, plasma lipid profile and blood pressure in overweight non-athletic women. Methods & Materials This quasi-experimental study was performed on 32 non-athletic women with overweight in Arak, Iran (mean age= 33.94±8.58 years, mean height= 1.59±0.05 cm, mean weight= 70.15±6.88 kg, and body mass index= 27.35±1.50 kg/m2) who were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into four groups of 8 (control, exercise, exercise + supplement, and supplement). The control group had a normal diet without exercise; the supplement group received 100 ml kefir dough three meals a day for 8 weeks; the exercise group performed aerobic exercise for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each for 50 minutes. The exercise + supplement group received both aerobic exercise and kefir dough. Blood and anthropometric variables were measured at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Paired t-test was used to examine the within-group variations and one-way ANOVA to examine the between-group variations. All statistical tests were performed at the significant level of P<0.05. Ethical Considerations This study has obtained its ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Qom University (Code: IR.QOM.REC.1398.01). Results The combination of kefir dough supplementation and aerobic exercise significantly reduced the mean blood pressure (P=0.003) and BMI (P=0.03) but had no significant effect on total cholesterol (P=0.27), triglycerides (P=0.61), high-density lipoprotein (P=0.16), low-density lipoprotein (P=0.30) and waist-to-hip ratio (P=0.24). Conclusion Overweight women can benefit from the aerobic exercise combined with kefir dough supplementation to reduce their blood pressure and BMI. Further studies are recommended to determine the effect of aerobic exercise and kefir supplementation on serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low- and high-density lipoproteins, and waist-to-hip ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Parental acceptance is an important parameter in selecting the proper behavior management technique during pediatric dental treatment. The present study aimed to compare the effects of different informing methods on acceptance of parents about behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. Methods & Materials This quasi-experimental study was conducted on one 162 parents of 3-7-year-old uncooperative children who were candidates for dental treatment. They were randomly divided into three groups. Their acceptance about six behavior management techniques including general anesthesia, voice control, hand-over-mouth, parental separation, active and passive physical restraint were assessed by a questionnaire. After determining the level of acceptance, the information about the techniques was presented through three ways include writing, verbal and visual methods. Finally, their acceptance of each technique and the reasons for non-acceptance were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed in SPSS v.23 software using ANOVA and t-test. Ethical Considerations This study obtained its ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences under code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.102. Results The informing methods significantly increased the parents’ acceptance about behavior management techniques. According to the ANOVA results, the effect of visual presentation method in general anesthesia technique was significantly lower than that of other methods (P<0.05), while its effect in active physical restraint technique was significantly greater than that of other methods (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the effects of informing methods in other behavior management techniques. Conclusion Informing parents about pediatric behavior management techniques increase their acceptance. Informing by visual presentation is the most effective method for increasing their acceptance of physical restraint technique, while in their acceptance of general anesthesia technique other informing methods are more effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Postoperative shivering is a common complication after recovering from anesthesia, and due to its subsequent side effects, its prevention and treatment is of special importance for anesthetists. In this study, the efficacy and onset of action of meperidine (which is a potential cause of hemodynamic and respiratory complications) in treatment of post-anesthesia shivering are compared with those of ondansetron. Methods & Materials In this clinical trial study, patients with post-anesthetic shivering during recovery were randomly divided into two groups of meperidine (n=27) and ondansetron (n=29). Their shivering scores were recorded every minute for up to 10 minutes. After this time, if patients did not improve, meperidine was used in both groups to treat shivering. Ethical Considerations The study obtained its ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences and has been registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT201109224969N3). Results The number of patients completely treated at 10 minutes was higher in the meperidine group (P= 0.05), and the decrease in mean shivering score occurred faster in meperidine group (P= 0.047) Conclusion Although ondansetron has been shown to be effective in treatment of postoperative shivering, the effectiveness and onset of action of meperidine was clearly better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women which leaves a profound impact on their psychosocial health and pain experience. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of group psychotherapy based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on pain-related anxiety and cognitive emotion regulation of women with breast cancer. Methods & Materials In this quasi-experimental study, subjects were 68 women with breast cancer refereed to Shahid Ghazi Hospitalin Tabriz, Iran who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Then, they were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention (n=34) and control (n=34). The intervention group underwent eight 90-min sessions of ACT-based group therapy, while the control group received no any intervention. They completed Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale Short Form and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire before and one week after treatment. Collected ata were analyzed by using t test, chi-square test, ANCOA and MANCOVA. Ethical Considerations This study has obtained its ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (code: IR.TBZMED.REC.1397.287) and has been registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Code: IRCT2017100615590N5). Results The ACT-based intervention improved the dimensions of pain-related anxiety (8.44±1.5) and cognitive regulation of negative (8.40±3.5) and positive (8.39±7.5) affects (P<0.001). Conclusion ACT-based intervention can help breast cancer patients to accept their negative thoughts and current conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a type of accumulation of fat in the liver cells. Moreover, portulaca oleracea has hypolipidemic properties. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of a combination of training and portulaca oleracea supplementation on plasma lipid profile and liver ultrasound in obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver. Methods & Materials The study population consisted of 40 to 60-year-old obese women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In total, 40 obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups. The study groups included training (n=10), training + supplementation (n=10), placebo (n=10) and supplementation (n=10). Before and after the intervention, sonography of the liver and blood tests were performed. The Paired Samples t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the obtained data. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Iran (code: IR. IAU.RASHT.REC. 1397. 034). Moreover, it was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (code: IRCT201903090429871). Results The obtained data suggested that 12 weeks of portulaca oleracea supplementation and combination training significantly decreased the plasma concentrations of cholesterol (P=0.001), triglyceride (P=0.00), LDL (P=0.00), and significantly increased serum HDL levels (P=0.00) in the exercise + supplement, supplement, and exercise groups (P<0.05). Liver ultrasound data also improved in the exercise + supplement (P=0.02), and exercise (P=0.00) groups. Conclusion Portulaca oleracea supplementation with combination exercises could be effective in reducing plasma lipids and improving liver ultrasound in obese women with nonalcoholic fatty liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Pregnancy and exercise training are associated with changes in the cardiovascular anatomy and physiology. There is a few studies on this issue in Iran. In this regard, the aim of this study is to assess the effect of a combined exercise training program on blood pressure and heart rate variability of pregnant women. Methods & Materials This randomized clinical trial was conducted in Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2019. Participants were 10 healthy pregnant women with a gestational age of 24-26 weeks in the interventional group and 10 healthy pregnant women in the control group. The interventional group received 8 weeks of combined exercise training at moderate intensity. The blood pressure measurement, electrocardiogram and aerobic and resistant exercise tests of samples were performed before and after training. AST3000 Avicenna software was used to analyze the heart rate variability parameters, and for statistical analysis, paired and independent t-tests, Mann Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests were used. Ethical Considerations This study with registered clinical trial Code IRCT20190227042856N1 was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University of Science and Research Branch in Tehran, Iran (Code: IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1397.101). Results The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were lower in the interventional group by the 34th week of pregnancy compared to the control group (P<0.05). The mean of time-domain parameters in the interventional group were higher by the 34th week of pregnancy compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Combined exercise training can improve autonomic and parasympathetic nervous systems in pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Male Androgenic Alopecia (MAA) is one of the most common causes of hair loss in men. Minoxidil solution is one of the most commonly used medications for MAA treatment; however, it has several cutaneous side effects including itching, scaling and erythema, which cause the discontinuation of its consumption. Methods & Materials In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 51 males with MAA were treated with 5% minoxidil solution and 7% chamomile extract. At the same time, 49 patients as controls were matched with this group and treated with 5% minoxidil solution alone. Both groups were treated and followed up for 6 months. Ethical Considerations This study has received its ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1395.456) and is a registered clinical trial (Code: 2017042420258N41). Results In both groups, the severity of itching and scaling gradually decreased. in the control group, erythema increased, while in the chamomile group, erythema also decreased. All three side effects of itching, scaling and erythema were lower in the group treated with chamomile extract and minoxidil solution than in the group used minoxidil solution alone. Conclusion It seems that simultaneous administration of 7% chamomile extract and 5% minoxidil solution leads to a reduction in the severity and duration of cutaneous side effects caused by minoxidil solution use in treatment of MAA. It can increase the patient's compliance to the treatment and eventually the chance of MAA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable disease that can change individuals' lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program on functional disability of patients with MS. Methods & Materials The is an experimental study with pre-test/post-test/follow up design using control group. The study population consisted of all male and female patients with MS living in Neyshabur county, Iran. Of these, 47 were selected using a convenience sampling technique and randomly assigned into two groups of intervention (n=22) and control (n=25). The intervention group received MBSR therapy for 8 sessions, while the control group received no intervention. The follow-up was performed after one month. Subjects’ functional disability was measured by using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS v.21 software usingrepeated measurements Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Ethical Considerations This study obtained its ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences (code: IR. NUMS.REC.1397.004) Results The results of univariate ANOVA showed the significant effect of time and the interaction effect of time and group on functional disability of samples. The results of between-group ANOVA a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in functional disability (p <0.05). Pairwise comparison of the interaction effect of time and group showed a significant difference between the pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores (P = 0.001), but no significant difference was reported between the posttest and follow-up scores. Conclusion The MBSR program could reduce the functional disability in patients with MS due to ease of treatment, faster patient education, and the short duration of intervention sessions.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colonoscopy is a valuable diagnostic method that patients are not willing to undergo because of the fear of its complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intravenous fluid therapy prior to colonoscopy on blood circulation parameters and pain in patients and duration of Colonoscopy. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients referred to the Endoscopic Department of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad in 2016. Elderly people were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 as control and intervention groups. Patients in the intervention group received one liter of solution 1/3 normal saline, 2/3 D5W, one hour before colonoscopy. Before and 1, 3, 5, 9, and 10 minutes after colonoscopy, arterial blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure in both groups were measured and recorded in the checklist. 2 hours later, the patients’ pain levels were measured by Circulation Parameters checklist. The numerical value of pain was measured, and the durations of colonoscopy in both groups were also measured and recorded by a timer. Results: The mean age of the patients in the intervention group was 38.4 ± 13.6 years and in the control group was 44.2 ± 14.4 years. The results of post start colonoscopy stage showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the mean arterial oxygen saturation after 5 and 9 minutes of fluid therapy (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure 1 and 10 minutes after fluid therapy (p = 0.047), and diastolic blood pressure 5 minutes after the fluid therapy (p = 0.049). The mean duration of colonoscopy in the intervention group (18.15 ± 4.21 min) was significantly lower than the control group (22.13 ± 5.29 min, p = 0.002). Also, the mean pain score 2 hours after colonoscopy was significantly lower in the intervention group (1.53 ± 1.65) compared with the control group (3.26 ± 3.24, p = 0.010). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the positive effect of fluid therapy prior to the onset of colonoscopy on the patients’ circulatory parameters, the duration of colonoscopy, and the patients’ pain. Therefore, with this effective, cost-effective, and safe intervention, patients can have a better experience in performing this diagnostic test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Thyroid diseases are among the most common endocrine disorders. Animal and human experiences indicate that iron deficiency disrupts thyroid metabolism. On the other hand, iron therapy can improve thyroid function and even decrease the dose of levothyroxine. Methods and Materials In this randomized clinical trial, we selected 94 women with hypothyroidism by simple random sampling method and divided them into two equal groups by simple block sampling. At the beginning of the study, we measured and recorded T4, TSH, T3, and iron profiles (Serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, ferritin, Hemoglobin) in all patients. Then, the patients in the intervention group were treated with levothyroxine plus 100 mg oral iron daily for 8 weeks, and the patients in the control group were treated with levothyroxine only. After two months, we measured their T4, TSH, T3 levels and iron profiles in both groups again. Ethical Considerations The Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Research Ethics Code: 1396154). Also, the study has been registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Code: IRCT 20151114025031). Results After 2 months, the TSH Mean±SD serum levels were found as 2.2±1.0 mIU/L and 2.9±1.1 mIU/L for the intervention and control group, respectively (P=0.04). Also, the serum Mean±SD level of T4 and T3 were found as 9.3±1.48 mcg/dL vs. 8.2±0.9 mcg/dL (P=0.01), and 1.6±0.3 ng/mL vs. 1.1±0.3 ng/mL (P=0.01), for two different groups, respectively. Conclusion Concurrent administration of iron supplementation with the usual dose of levothyroxine in patients with hypothyroidism decreases THS level and improves laboratory parameters and response to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Clostridium difficile is the main cause of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (AAD) in the hospital setting. Today, the use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of AAD and colitis is increasing. In this study, we investigated the effect of probiotic yogurt on the frequency of Clostridium difficile. Methods and Materials In this randomized clinical trial study, 132 elderly patients admitted to the infectious ward of Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Arak, who were under antibiotic treatment, were randomly divided into two groups, case (yogurt probiotic, 200 mg/d for 8 days) and control group (common yogurt). All patients were trained about the signs of colitis. We evaluated the colitis signs and the presence of Clostridium difficile by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and compared them between the groups. The obtained data were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests in SPSS V. 16. Ethical Considerations The Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Code: 10-165-93). Also, it was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Code: IRCT2016092229915N1). Results Clostridium difficile was detected in 4 (6.1%) patients of the case, and 1 (1.5%) patient of the control group, at the beginning of the study. There was no significant difference between the frequency of Clostridium difficile and colitis syndrome between two groups at the end of the study (P>0.05). Conclusion Probiotic yogurt has no significant effect in reducing the frequency of Clostridium difficile and colitis syndrome in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Psychological factors play a significant role in the exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of teaching emotion regulation skill (based on dialectical behavioral therapy) on cognitive emotion regulation and Quality of Life (QoL) of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods and Materials The present study has a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and the control group. The statistical population of the study included all patients with cardiovascular diseases in Kermanshah City, Iran in 2018. Among them, 30 participants were selected by simple random sampling method. Then, they were randomly assigned to the two groups of experimental and control (each group 15 patients). We performed the intervention of excited ordering education based on dialectical behavioral therapy for the experimental group in eight 90-minute sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. To collect study information, we used a short form of the emotional cognitive regulation questionnaire and MacNew Quality of Life Questionnaire. To analyze the data, we used the multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS V. 20. Ethical Considerations The Research Ethics Committee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Code: IR.KUMS.REC.1397.39). Results The results showed that the scores of Positive Cognitive-Emotional Strategies and quality of life of cardiovascular patients after training of emotional regulation skills based on dialectical behavioral therapy in experimental group significantly increased in comparison with control group, and also Negative Strategies Scores were decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion Based on our positive study results, we recommend the therapists to use psychological treatments as complementary therapies for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is the fourth most common psychiatric disorder. It consists of symptoms, including intrusive thoughts, rituals, behaviors, preoccupations, and compulsions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of attention bias modification and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in reducing the symptoms of OCD. Methods and Materials study population comprised patients with OCD referring to the outpatient clinic of Amir Kabir Hospital in Arak City, Iran. Of them, 80 patients were randomly assigned to the two groups. The first group received the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and the other group received the treatment modality to determine the effectiveness of the Yale-Brown OCD scale and dot-probe task tests. Ethical Considerations The Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Research Ethics Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1396.284). Results Treatment of attention bias modification in comparison with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors did not show a significant difference in the reduction of attention bias (P=0.377). Also, a significant difference between the two groups in reducing the symptoms of OCD (P=0.007), indicates that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are more effective in diminishing the symptoms of OCD. Besides the attention bias modification decreased the symptoms of OCD, but these results were not significant (P=0.228) Conclusion Attention bias modification is a significant improvement in reducing attention bias and can be used with other interventions. However, it appears that the reduction in the severity of OCD symptoms, as against this intervention, continues to be the preferred treatment for pharmacotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Inferior turbinate hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of nasal obstruction after nasal septal deviation. Enlargement of the turbinate is the result of the position of turbinate bone or swelling of turbinate submucosal. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Sub- Mucosal Resection (SMR) method with electrocautery method in the treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Methods and Materials A total of 140 patients with inferior turbinate hypertrophy complicated with nasal congestion and rhinorrhea and candidate of surgery were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, after induction of anesthesia, we performed SMR of inferior turbinate hypertrophy. In the second group, after induction of anesthesia, we performed monopolar cauterization with 20-gauge angiocath in three anterior, middle, and posterior regions and crests of the inferior turbinate. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: 91.133.3). Results In the electrocautery group, a significant improvement was observed in nasal congestion after 6 months (P=0.017). In the SMR group, a satisfactory headache improvement was reported (P=0.034), one month after the operation. Also, the electrocautery group reported less pain and burning in the site of surgery, sneezing, coughing, and itching (P=0.013). Conclusion Electrocautery can be superior over SMR because of its less bleeding, shorter time of surgery, the availability of primary equipment, and relative improvement in decreasing the rhinorrhea. However, if the patient suffers from isolated inferior turbinate hypertrophy, SMR as a suitable method is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Resistance training is the most effective way to increase muscle mass. The hormonal axis of GHIGF- 1 is considered important for the health of the musculoskeletal system in both childhood and adulthood .The purpose of this study was to compare two types to resistance training with and without blood flow restriction on GHIGF- 1 axis after the exercise. Methods: In this study, 36 adolescent gymnast boys aged 10 to 14 years participated in a quasi-experimental research design. The subjects (mean weight 37.11 ± 8.11 kg, height 145.16 ± 11.58 cm, body mass index 17.40 ± 1.77 kg m) were randomly divided into three groups; control (n=12), high intensity resistance training (n=12), and low intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (n=12). Training protocol contained three motions included leg extension, elbow flexion and bench press. Blood samples were taken before and half an hour after training. Results: The results of inter-group showed that a GH variable after acute exercise in resistance exercise with blood flow restriction group (p=0.195), traditional resistance training groups (p=0.182), and control (p=0.317) was not significant; But IGF-1 variable increased significantly in blood flow restriction group (P=0/004). There was no significant difference between groups in levels of GH and IGF-1 (p>0.05). Conclusion: One session low intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction compared to high intensity resistance training, has a similar effect on increasing serum IGF-1 in children athletes. Such as high intensity resistance exercise seems appropriate to provide hypertrophy and increased in the muscle mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to develop a therapeutic plan based on hypnotherapy for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and determine the effectiveness of this treatment on the intensity of IBS symptoms and rumination of patients with IBS. Materials and Methods: The research design was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test, a post-test, and 3 months of follow-up. Of the patients who were referred to gastroenterology clinics in Tehran, 32 patients with IBS were randomly divided into two groups; hypnotherapy group and control group. Medical treatment along with hypnotherapy was individually conducted for eight sessions in the intervention group and the control group received only medical treatment. IBS Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS) and rumination were completed in pretest, post-test, and follow-up stages by the patients and data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The variable scores of symptoms severity and rumination in experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05) and the effect of the therapeutic plan persisted until the follow-up stage. Conclusion: The results showed that hypnotherapy can be an effective treatment for patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Therefore, psychological treatment is essential for the management of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hope has a significant role in coping with chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. It seems that the improvement of psychological capital in patients with diabetes is one of the strategies for health promotion in these patients.The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hope-based therapy in psychological capital among patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental research was carried out on 40 patients with diabetes referring to the healthcare centers affiliated to Sirjan University of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran, and Health Services in 2018-2019, using a pretest-posttest design. The study population was selected through purposive sampling technique, and then randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received eight 90-minute sessions of hope therapy. The intervention was based on the theory of hope proposed by Senyder, Herth, and Ruston and a selection of Molana poems focusing on hope and positivism issues. The data were collected in three stages namely, before, immediately after, and 3 months after the intervention, using the psychological capital Questionnaire developed by Luthans et al. data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 22) using repeated measures ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05. Result: The results showed significant differences between the two groups in terms of the psychological capital and its components (P<0.05). In addition, the effect of intervention was stable in the intervention group. Conclusion: Hope therapy led to the improvement of psychological capital and its components (i.e., hope, resilience, optimism, and self-efficacy). Therefore, it is essential to consider hope therapy interventions when planning for the improvement of psychological capital in patients with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the most stressful situations in clinical environments is exposure to invasive diagnostic methods, one of which is the endoscopy of the digestive tract. Endoscopy related anxiety can prevent achieving optimal results. Aromatherapy is one of complementary treatments that can reduce anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inhalation of matricaria chamomile essential oil on the anxiety before Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial that was carried out in May 2014 among patients referred to the Endoscopy Department of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad. The population of the study included 152 participants who were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Anxiety was measured by using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire. Then for 20 minutes, the intervention group inhaled matricaria chamomile essential oil and the control group inhaled placebo (sesame oil). 10 minutes after inhalation, anxiety was again measured and compared between the groups. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 21. Results: The mean age of the participants was 42.05 ± 4.5 years and 41.33% of them were male. Mean level of anxiety after inhalation in the intervention group was 35.89 ± 8.40 and in the control group was 39.88 ± 8.40, which decreased in both groups but in the intervention group the decrease was significant. Conclusion: The findings showed that matricaria chamomile essential oil inhalation was effective in decreasing the anxiety of patients who were candidate for endoscopy. It is recommended to reduce anxiety in stressful situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Unified treatment approach (UP), an emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy that holds emotional processes as a central target of treatment, is applicable for disorders with strong emotional components. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of emotion regulation intervention derivative from the UP on emotional problems and quality of life among patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Materials and Methods: The study was a randomized clinical trial. Sixteen patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders were entered in treatment process, in term of the qualification criteria. The intervention was conducted in 12 group sessions during 2 hours. The tests of DASS & SF-36 was used to evaluate the efficiency of intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and covariance analysis. Results: The results of the covariance analysis showed that there was significant decrease in severity of depression (p<0.01), anxiety (p <0.05) and stress (p <0.01) and also significant increase in quality of life (p <0.01) in intervention group. Conclusion: Emotional regulation intervention on the basis of the UP was effective in decrease of severity of emotional symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress) and increase of quality of life patients with psychosomatic disorders. So, the UP, transdiagnostic therapy have proper efficacy in improvement emotional regulation and quality of life patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]