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In this research, text mining technique has been applied to analyze the content of scientific articles, also to represent a model for classifying the articles (the first class is comprised of the articles observing predetermined criteria's, and the second one consists of those inattentive). To meet these objectives, in the current research, the experts' ideas have been used to elicit qualitative criteria, and 15 final criteria's were ultimately picked up. In the next phase, 18 scientific articles in industrial engineering scope were studied by university professors and PHD students (with regard to 15 elicited criteria), and beneficial results were derived. In the end, different classification models were applied to classify the articles and with the aid of some specific techniques, we tried to improve these models. Finally, we compare the models to choose the best one. The aim of this research is to get some general criteria for analyzing the content of articles, propose different classification models for classifying the scientific articles whit regard to predetermined criteria's, and choose the best model. Finally, as a result, 15 final criteria's also different classification models with appropriate accuracy, were ultimately picked up.

Objective: This paper aims to comprehensively review the conceptualizations of "business resilience" in the context of entrepreneurship and gather different perspectives on the topic. The goal is to provide conceptual clarity and enhance theoretical and practical outcomes in entrepreneurship research. Method: This research is a descriptive study carried out using the qualitative metaanalysis (QMA) method. The purpose of this method is to qualitatively summarize a set of researches in terms of concepts, methods, results, context, etc. This method especially is used when the central issue has been investigated from various perspectives. By searching for research published between 2000 to 2020, containing “resilience” in the title, approximately 10,500 records were found. Filtering the document and journal titles with certain words led to 1260 records. At this stage, a group of papers was selected for further analysis by reviewing titles and abstracts. After detailed examination, 85 studies were selected for qualitative analysis and coding. Thereafter, subsequent steps for conducting a qualitative meta-analysis research including the appraisal of primary studies, preparing data, data analysis and credibility checks are followed. Results: The final results of the analysis are provided in three main parts. At first, the definitions of resilience were categorized into six groups. Then, similar concepts to resilience were classified into four groups based on crisis occurrence time. Finally, a network of related concepts to business resilience was developed. This network has eight parts. According to this conceptual network, resilience is assumed to have three main definitions in general. Some define “resilient business” as “a business that has survived after the disaster”, some assume it to be “a business that has recovered to the same performance level in comparison to the pre-disaster state”, and others describe it as “a business that has improved its performance to a higher level”. Also, resilience has been explained at four levels: “regional economic resilience”, “social resilience”, “business resilience”, and “resilience of the entrepreneur”. Moreover, resilience has been studied by three main approaches, namely “engineering”, “ecological” and “adaptive”. Considering the required duration to evaluate resilience, some believe that resilience could be evaluated at any “point” in time, while others declare that it is necessary to consider a “duration” of time for evaluation. Conclusion: The literature on business resilience is rich at the individual and business levels but lacks research at macro levels. Integrating ecological and adaptive approaches with the engineering approach would contribute significantly to the field. It is suggested to categorize concepts into "active-passive" and "absorptive-adaptive" dualities and avoid the use of numerous overlapping terms and definitions found in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resolving problems resulting from stagflation conditions accompanied with low economic growth and slow employment growth needs some policies that one of them can be unconventional monetary policy. Thus, this paper proposes to evaluate the effects of unconventional monetary policy shocks using VAR with a new method called sign restrictions. To this aim, it were estimated the effects of three variables ordered as real interest rate, inflation and gross domestic product by imposing positive and negative restrictions on these variables for the period 1961-2021. In this paper, the results of model estimation and impulse response functions is done by identifying and estimating parameters on the basis of imposing negative sign on interest rate according to unconventional monetary policy shocks. Results indicate that decreasing in interest rate causes increasing in GDP. Unconventional monetary policy can raise liquidity in stock market. It also support people by low interest rate loans for production with less cost and less sale price in Iran. Therefore, unconventional monetary policy can be a useful policy for resolving stagflation occurred current years in Iran.Extended Abstract:IntroductionThe global financial crisis(GFC) marked the transition from what many had labelled the period of “Great Moderation” to that of the “Great Recession”. The stress experienced by the financial sector starting in the summer of 2007 put an end to several years of robust growth for the world economy accompanied by moderate inflation rates across most advanced market economies. Across a number of countries, financial intermediation halted, with the peak of the stress manifesting in the final quarter of 2008. Unemployment increased and inflation dropped below central banks’ target levels as economic activity receded sharply. The recovery from the deep recession was also slow in many jurisdictions, with tepid economic growth, sluggish employment growth and subdued inflation. The challenges posed to monetary policy during this period were severe and pushed central banks to resort to actions departing from their established policy frameworks.The set of policy interventions introduced during this period has been labelled as unconventional monetary policy in order to distinguish it from the conventional pre-GFC policy measures. Some unconventional monetary policies were designed to affect term spreads such as long-term risk-free rates, while others were directed at influencing liquidity and credit spreads such as interest rates on various non-risk-free instruments. One of the most important tools in unconventional monetary policy is negative interest rate policy (NIRP). The adoption of negative policy interest rates in the aftermath of the GFC was new. Identification of shocks is one of the most important issues in econometrics for interpreting their impact on themselves and also other variables. Therefore, in case of unconventional monetary policy, VAR model is applied for identifying shocks. In the research, it was identified different shocks using sign-restriction approach in Iran for the period 1961-2021.

Background & Aims: Innovation, which is the result of the joint work of university and industry, is an initiative that improves the efficiency of innovation. This type of cooperation, i.e. collaborative innovation between university and industry, is called collaborative innovation. Collaborative innovation brings dynamism and vitality to companies and causes economic growth and expansion. (1). In fact, one of the important factors in innovation, and one of the important factors in economic growth and development, is the transfer of knowledge that takes place between universities and industry because this cooperation makes commercialization in companies easier (2). On the other hand, one of the things that has always been very important in knowledgebased companies is the commercialization process. This process has three separate phases, the ideation phase, the technology/product development phase, and the commercialization phase. First, an idea that has a demand in the market is created and cultivated. In the development stage, this idea becomes a product or technology, and commercialization is technological knowledge that has entered the market (9). In our beloved country of Iran, knowledge-based companies active in the field of medical products have succeeded in reaching self-sufficiency in the field of medical products to almost 40% in the past few years, but they have been very unsuccessful in the discussion of commercializing medical products for export to other countries. . Now, according to the capacity of our country, we can earn up to two billion dollars a year from the commercialization of these types of goods, which has a positive impact on the national economy. Therefore, the researcher seeks to solve these problems by presenting a model for commercialization. Therefore, the main research question is, what is the commercialization model of medical products for knowledge-based companies? Methods: The current research is of an exploratory and expansion type, which was conducted using a qualitative method. The statistical population of this research is experts with practical experience in the field of commercialization of products of knowledgebased companies in the science and technology park of Mazandaran province, and professors of the University of Medical Sciences and management professors of management faculties of universities of Mazandaran province, who are aware of the subject of the research. 12 people were selected as samples from among them by snowball method until full saturation. Then a semi-structured interview was conducted to collect data from them. Interviews were held one by one with each expert. After conducting the interviews (audio recording), the texts of the interviews recorded from the experts, on the same day of the interview, were transcribed word by word on paper and typed as research data., was used. The research data are analyzed on two levels, the textual level and the conceptual level The textual level includes the coding of the data, the conceptual level emphasizes the construction of the research model including establishing a relationship between the codes based on the Strauss and Corbin model. Also, in order to ensure the validity of the model, the strategy of analysis and review by knowledgeable people (multi-view) has been used. Results: To design the model using the foundation data method in the first step; Initial coding was done using the text of the interviews. In this step, one hundred and nine primary codes were extracted. In the second step; Axial coding was done. In this step, thirty-two axial codings were obtained from a total of one hundred and nine initial codes. In the third step; Selective coding Selective coding was done based on the results of open coding and axial coding in this step, which is the main step of theorizing. Thirteen codes were obtained. Also, the validity of the research model was done by using the analysis and review method by knowledgeable people, in this method, to check the validity of the research model, all the data and primary extracted codes were sent to other experts who are familiar with the issue of commercialization of medical products in knowledge-based companies. They were informed and experts were given and they were asked to modify and approve the designed codes, and all the codes were approved, thus the validity of this research was proved. Also, the reliability of the research was checked with Kreppendorf's alpha method, and the agreement of five experts on the codes was equal to 89%. Considering that this amount is more than 60%, the reliability of the codings of this research is confirmed. Conclusion: In this research, the causal conditions for the commercialization of medical products, four factors of human capital, technology, digital transformability of the company and environmental factors have been stated. (Shirvani, Tulai and Delavi, 2019 limited the causal conditions to digital technology. Considering these factors by the companies residing in the science and technology park, they can take into account all the effective factors in creating a successful business for their products and Don't just focus on technology. The strategies of this research have been identified in three dimensions; Financial strategies, market orientation and attracting cooperation of the University of Medical Sciences. Every business unit needs capital in order to set up and start its activity, and in order to develop and continue its activity, it needs new investment, which must be provided through financial resources (24). Access to financial resources is one of the important factors in the success of companies and one of the important concerns of companies at different stages of their life (25). Market orientation can be defined as a stage of organizational growth or as a level that reflects organizational maturity (26). Kotler has looked at market orientation as the final stage of the development of a business organization and believes that the market orientation is created along the development of different business orientations. Market orientation is based on marketing thinking and marketing thinking forms its philosophical foundation. (26). However, marketing thinking as a foundation and philosophical foundation is not enough. Because market orientation focuses not only on customers, but also on competitors, different organizational issues and many external factors that affect the needs and preferences of customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the financial crisis in 2007, shadow banking has been recognized as the cause of the crisis in the world. This article empirically analysis the relationship between shadow banking and the implementation of monetary policy in Iran by using the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium method. This study shows that shadow banking is growing rapidly in Iran, and due to lack of activity within the framework of Central Bank regulations, it can reduce the effectiveness of monetary policies. In order to investigate the role of shadow banking, the effects of monetary policy shock have been investigated in two different scenarios. In both cases of expansionary monetary policy or contraction monetary policy, with the scenario of considering shadow banking in the economy, disruptive effects on growth and inflation variables were observed. So that with the application of expansionary monetary policy, the production changes after a period become negative, and with the application of contraction monetary policy, taking shadow banking into account, the amount of reduction in production and the general level of prices occurs to a lesser extent, and in fact The effects of the contraction policy have been reduced. In the model after tightening monetary policy, regular banks reduce the amount of loans on their balance sheet while shadow banks increase lending. This reduces the real effects of the shock, but at the same time shadow banks amplify the reaction of key variables to real shocks and can make the financial sector and the whole economy more unstable and take the economy out of the path of stability and developmentExtended AbstractIntroductionAt the forefront of macroeconomic research on the causes of the Great Financial Crisis (GFC) was and still is the usage of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models. To capture the nonlinearities of the GFC, these models were enriched with a variety of financial frictions. This paper focuses on a special subset of these frictions, the shadow banking system. We provide a structured review of the strand of literature that considers shadow banking in DSGE setups and draw particular attention to the modeling approach as well as impact of shadow banking. Our analysis allows the following conclusions: firstly, models featuring shadow banking are better able to simulate realistic movements in the business cycle that are of comparable magnitude to the GFC. Secondly, the models consider amplification channels between the financial sector and the real economy that proved to be of importance during the crisis. Thirdly, the models display a good explanatory power of financial stability measures in the light of shadow bankingThere is a long-standing concern that financial innovation may undermine monetary control of the central bank. Such concern has intensified in recent years as the shadow banking sector has grown outside the traditional commercial banking sector. Has the rise of the shadow banking system affected the effectiveness of monetary policy? To answer this question, I simulate a counterfactual economy without shadow banks and compare it with the actual dataIn this paper I will answer the following questions: How does the monetary transmission channel via shadow banks work and how can it be modeled? How does the resulting credit intermediation of shadow banks affect the reaction of aggregate loan supply to monetary policy? In addition, if the inclusion of shadow banks changes the propagation of shocks, what has been its contribution to macroeconomic uctuations in recent years? To answer these questions. I develop a structural model that distinguishes between banks and shadow banks based on their ability to create credit. I use the monetary DSGE model with financial intermediaries by Gertler and Karadi (2011), (GK11 from here on) to describe bank behavior and credit creation, and I extend it with a shadow banking sector. In this model, banks create credit endogeneously in the sense of "inside money" as in Kiyotaki and Moore (2004). Shadow banks need to raise funds from households to satisfy _rm loan demand. I model fund raising by shadow banks as a search in the funding market for previously created deposits, which are held by the household sector.In GK11, an increase in the monetary policy rate leads to an increase in the external finance premium for borrowers, prompting a decrease in the value of their collateral, thereby decreasing the willingness of banks to lend. The resulting deleveraging results in a credit squeeze for the real sector, disinvestment and a fall in output. Simultaneously, increased deposit rates discourage households from current consumption and instead encourage savings. In this paper, savings in the form of deposit holdings constitute available funds for the shadow banking sector. After an increase in the monetary policy rate, this increase in available funds for shadow banks results in a higher share of savings owing into the shadow banking sector. Shadow banks lend out these additional funds and thereby alleviate the credit squeeze, mitigating the fall in investments and any consequent recession.MethodThe DSGE models that are currently the benchmark macroeconomic models resulted from the fusion of the real business-cycle models of the 1980s with the New Keynesian sticky-price models of the early 1990s. Some current versions still feature frictionless financial markets and a passive role for financial intermediaries, thus being utterly unsuitable for the analysis of financial booms and busts. This is the case of DSGE models currently used for monetary policy analysis at the main central banks—e.g., the SIGMA model at the Federal Reserve (Erceg, Guerrieri, and Gust 2006), the Smets and Wouters model at the European Central Bank (Smets and Wouters 2003), and the Bank of England’s Quarterly Model (Harrison et al. 2005).Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) is a macroeconomic model that facilitates macroeconomic analysis and policy making in central banks, as well as government and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). DSGE models, such as the European Central Bank’s Smets-Wouters framework, perform time-based macroeconomic general equilibrium analysis of interactions between economic variables. DSGE models aim to describe the behavior of the economy in an equilibrium steady-state stemming from optimal microeconomic decisions associated with several representative agents (households, firms, governments, central banks, etc.). These decisions are based on the intertemporal optimizing the behavior of representative agents, with the first-order conditions of the optimization problem linearized around a constant steady-state using a first-order Taylor approximation; 2nd order terms raise problems beyond the scope of the present paper.This section lays out the basic model. It is the monetary DSGE model with financial intermediaries by Gertler and Karadi (2011) (GK11 from here on). I add a second financial intermediation sector, called the non-bank financial or shadow banking sector, that issues loans to firms. Shadow banks first need to raise funds from households in the form of deposits to engage in firm lending. Irrespective of whether shadow banks lend to the real sector directly, or whether they buy securitized credit claims of previously originated loans, shadow banks become the effective intermediary, and banks' balance sheets are freed up.In this model the economy is populated by six types of agents: households, banks, shadow banks, non-financial goods producers that demand loans, capital producers, and monopolistically competitive retailers. A central bank conducting monetary policy is the source of monetary disturbances and completes the model. The setup is equivalent to GK11 with the addition of shadow banks and an additional household savings technology.ResultsThe relationship between the monetary and the real sector in both developed and developing countries is still one of the topics of interest among economists, according to some studies, credit shocks can even leave more severe effects than productivity shocks in the real sector of the economy (Jerman and Vincenzo, 2012).This article, paying special attention to the shadow banking sector in Iran and considering the credit channel as the most important monetary policy transmission channel in Iran, has investigated and analyzed the effects of the presence of shadow banking in Iran's economy using the DSGE method.The counterfactual analysis offers insights on how shadow banks affect the transmission of monetary policy. In an economy without shadow banks, when yield-sensitive depositors. Become unsatisfied with the low rates offered by commercial banks, they flow out of the banking system in periods of monetary tightening, leading to a reduction in money supply and credit supply. In contrast, in an economy with shadow banks, yield-sensitive depositors can switch within the banking system from commercial banks to shadow banks. With more deposit inflow, shadow banks are able to increase their lending, which buffers the decline in commercial bank lending and dampens the impact of monetary tightening.The results of the model processing show that the proposed model with the presence of shadow banking has better processing capabilities than the model without the presence of shadow banking, and with the occurrence of a positive monetary shock, the mean and standard deviation of the variables in the second scenario and with the presence of shadow banking in explaining the key variables of the economy, including the inflation rate, production and money volume, has a higher explanatory power and is closer to the reality of Iran's economy.Table 1. Comparing the actual values of the mean and standard deviation with the estimated values based on the model Standard deviation of simulated dataAverage of simulated dataThe standard deviation of the actual dataActual averagevariable(gap)scenario0/06130/0660/0690/63ProductionScenario (1)No shadow banking0/0740/100/0960/13inflation0/06550/640/0690/63ProductionScenario (2)With shadow banking0/0830/160/0960/13inflationWith special attention to the shadow banking sector in Iran and considering the credit channel as the most important channel of monetary policy transmission in Iran, this article has investigated and analyzed the effects of the presence of shadow banking in Iran's economy using the DSGE method. In order to investigate shadow banking in Iran's economy, while planning two different scenarios including the presence and absence of shadow banking, the existential effects of shadow banking in the economy were discussed separately. The current research examines the effect of expansionary and contractionary monetary policy under the two scenarios on inflation and production variables through the credit channel. The results of solving the model, while confirming the assumptions of the article about the disruptive effects of the presence of shadow banks in the economy, show that shadow banking can reduce the effectiveness of monetary policies due to the lack of supervision by the central bank. The following table briefly shows the results of expansionary and contractionary monetary policies under the two scenarios introduced for better comparison.Table 2. Comparison of monetary policy in the form of two scenarios mentioned in the articlepolicyScenario (1)No shadow bankingScenario (2)With shadow bankingProductioninflationProductioninflationExpansionary monetary policy Increasing production and reaching the long-term level after seven periodsPositive inflationary effectThe increasing effect on production is neutralized after a period and then production decreasesInflationary effect more than scenario 1 Contractionary monetary policyDecrease in production levelA decrease in the level of prices and a negative inflationary effectDecrease at a lower rate of scenario 1 and then increase productionDecreasing inflation at a higher rate than scenario 1Ethical ConsiderationsCompliance with ethical guidelines: All ethical principles have been observed in this article. All sources used in this article are mentioned. Regarding the method of collecting statistics and data used in the article, sources are also mentioned. In this article, due to being the leader in the issues related to shadow banking in Iran, we encountered many problems, including the lack of Persian articles and the lack of necessary statistics and information.Funding:This research received no external funding.Authors’ contribution:Conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, resources,Writing original draft preparation, writing review and editing; all authors.Conflict of interest:The authors declare no conflict of interest.Acknowledgments:We are grateful, without implication, to an anonymous referee for helpful comments

Due to their temporary nature and precise time and cost planning, project organizations are more involved in the relationship between data and operational processes, which requires the correctness of the actual processes of the organization. On the other hand, one of the essential issues for managing project-oriented organizations is its business process management, but due to the dynamic behavior and complexity of the nature of a project-oriented organization, identifying the processes through the traditional modeling of business process management is not reliable. The emerging solution to this problem is called "process mining." The paper introduces a framework that employs accurate process identification to measure the performance of business units relative to reality. This comprehensive framework undertakes the prerequisite steps of identification, including monitoring and cleaning the process-aware information systems' data to discover the process's current state and examine it from different perspectives based on the selected process. The primary purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for improving the P2P process in Chavosh Rah Company through process mining. The paper presents a framework to enhance the P2P process in project-oriented organization by implementing and extracting knowledge from the process, discovering unexpected and hidden relationships, and finding bottlenecks by employing process mining.

The present paper is conducted through exploratory and inductive approach in order to achieve a business model for data marketplaces. The research paper could be considered as a first attempt in the field of data marketplaces and their business models in Iran. The paper is based on two iterative taxonomy approach that is first introduced by Nickerson et al.(2013).Mixing of a systematic way on current literatures along with structured interviews by some experts who are involved in this area is applied to gain the main objectives.Our results provide the main bloc of the presented archetype with three sub blocs ،attributes and specifications that is titled value proposition. The sub blocs are named value creation، value capture and value delivery.

Recently, the Internet has played a significant and substantial role in people's lives. However, the content available in the global web environment should align with users' daily needs, providing them with useful and up-to-date information tailored to their tastes. In this context, recommender systems assist users by suggesting items that closely match their preferences in less time. Today, with the exponential growth of data, the utilization of recommender systems has surged. Conversely, these systems encounter challenges such as evolving user preferences over time, cold start problem, sparsity within the user-item matrix, the infiltration of fake users in the systems, and their adverse impact on the recommendation lists.The objective of this paper is to propose a recommender system grounded in time and trust factors to enhance the efficiency and precision of system recommendations. Initially, the proposed system addresses the data sparsity dilemma by incorporating reliable implicit ratings into the user-item matrix. Subsequently, it constructs a weighted user-user network based on user rating timestamps and trust relationships among users, thereby mitigating the cold start problem and accounting for changing user preferences over time. The proposed recommender system employs a novel community detection algorithm introduced in this paper to identify the nearest neighbors of active users and recommends the top @k items based on the collaborative filtering approach. Evaluation results of the proposed system, tested on a film recommender system using the Epinions dataset, demonstrate its superior efficiency compared to basic systems.

This paper studies the effect of central bank credibility (CBC) on interest rate from the perspective of fiscal and institutional factors, using a credibility loss index. As some central banks are not successful in channeling the actual inflation towards the announced targets, it seems necessary to investigate the impact of central bank credibility on the economic variables and also analyze the fiscal and institutional determinants of central bank credibility. Therefore, using a backward-looking indicator that measures the central bank's performance as the basis for obtaining credibility, this study analyzes the impact of CBC on the interest rate, assuming credibility is endogenous for 17 developing countries during the period 1996-2019. The result indicates that increasing the level of credibility loss positively affects the level of interest rate. In other words, increasing the central bank's credibility or improving its performance reduces the level of interest rate. Since performance is a function of external fiscal and institutional factors, improving the quality of democracy in society and legal implementation of fiscal rules along with the formal adoption of inflation targeting framework not only limits the behavior of governments and establishes financial discipline, but also improves the central bank performance. This will convince economic agents that governments and central banks are committed to their promises.1. IntroductionWhat determines the CBC? How CBC affects the interest rate? To address these questions, we use the backward looking measure of Neuenkirch and Tillmann (2014) which focuses on how the private sector pays attention to the past performance of the central bank when forming expectations. This measure, a credibility loss index, is defined as a gap between the average of past inflation and target inflation. This suggests that the higher the deviation from the target, the higher the credibility loss. To clarify the main drivers of the CBC, Levieuge et al. (2018) argue that there are fiscal and institutional factors, which ultimately affect the level of public’s expectations and attitude in the central bank’s ability to meet its commitment. Besides, Taghinezhadomran and Kamal (2021) investigate that central banks in the developing countries have not performed properly in the convergence of actual inflation towards the target range which could have ramifications on the macroeconomic levels and monetary variables such as interest rates. Accordingly, this paper studies the impact of credibility loss on the interest rate given the endogeneity of CBC for 17 developing countries from 1996 to 2019, using instrumental variables method. The results show that the higher the credibility loss the higher the interest rate. Additionally, establishment of budget-balance rule, the increasing the level of central bank independence and the number of veto players, and also the decreasing the level of central bank holdings of public debt are the main fiscal and institutional drivers of CBC. 2. Method and MaterialFollowing Neuenkirch and Tillmann (2014), we assume that the higher the credibility loss (inappropriate performance of the central bank) the higher the interest rate (Eq. 2). (1) (2)Where stands for the central bank independence index (the turnover rate). The turnover rate is counted by the number of central bank governor changes and denotes the number of veto players. Veto players are defined as individual and collective actors (individual politicians, political parties, and institutions), having the power to block a proposed change in current policies. Besides, their agreement is necessary before policies can be changed. sets the balance-budget rule. is central banks holdings of government debt. represents the nominal interest rate. and are the inflation gap and the credibility loss index, respectively. is the error term (iid). In this paper, we choose the fiscal and institutional variables as instrumental variables. The rationale behind that refers to the higher correlation between the fiscal and institutional variables and the credibility loss index and the lower correlation of fiscal and institutional variables with the dependent variable (interest rate). Since the endogeneity problem occurs when the independent variable is correlated with the error term in a regression model, we use the method of instrumental variables (2SLS) to examine the effect of credibility loss on the interest rate while determining the main influential fiscal and institutional factors. 3. Result and DiscussionThe results in the first stage show that all of the explanatory variables significantly affect the credibility loss index. Specifically, the higher the turnover rate the higher the loss in CBC. In other words, an increase in the turnover rate of the central banker have a negative effect on the performance of the monetary institution and shows the inability of the central bank to fulfill his/her promises. Our result shows that the increased number of veto players negatively affects the credibility loss. This suggests that the more veto players, the more difficult the overturn of central bank independence. The rise of the number of checks and balances could be as a good news to stimulate agents’ expectations as the change of decision to delegate becomes harder, giving to the private sector a greater scope to reduce the expected inflation. The negative effect of rule-based budget on the credibility loss indicates that rules constrain the behavior of governments and convince the public and markets that sovereigns and central banks are committed to the announced targets. The coefficient of sovereign debt holder is also statistically significant and positive. The results in the second stage show that inflation gap and credibility loss will increase the level of interest rate. This means that the higher the deviation from the inflation target the weaker the performance of central bank. In this case, the central bank is forced to increase the interest rate to response to this deviation.4. ConclusionUsing instrumental variables method and in two stages, this paper examined the effect of credibility loss on the interest rate while taking the endogeneity of CBC into account for 17 developing countries from 1996 to 2019. The positive impact of credibility loss on the interest rate suggests that the higher the deviation of the average of past inflation from the target, the higher loss in CBC today. This weak performance, will force the central bank to set a higher interest rate. The main reason behind that refers to the external factors such as fiscal and institutional factors, as our results suggest. In particular, the performance of the central bank is an outcome of fiscal and institutional factors, affecting the extent of interest rate. These findings indicate that simply adaption of inflation targeting framework does not improve the performance of the central bank. Rather, the legal implementation of fiscal rules, the lower fiscal dominance, and also the number of veto players could stabilize expectations and convince the public that governments and central banks are committed to their promises.

AIntroductionIn recent years, modern production enterprises for sustainable competitive advantage and profitability, consider the purpose of producing their products to provide services to customers instead of selling products or providing a combination and package of services and products. Product-service systems (PSS) are one of the dimensions of servitization. Therefore, considering the increasing use in the industry and the increased publication of articles in its various fields, such as the design, implementation, and business models of digital, intelligent, sustainable PSS, as well as little research in this field in the country, it is an excellent opportunity, especially for acquaintance and review of articles and studies is to identify gaps in the current literature. To achieve the goals, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, and network structure has been performed on the literature available in the Scopus database until 7/18/2022.Research Question(s)The paper answers the main research questions on the published research on the PSS: (Q1) What is the main information, pattern, and trends of publication? (Q2) Who are the main authors? (Q3) Which are the most productive countries? (Q4), Which articles have the highest number of citations? (Q5) Which are the most productive institutions and universities in PSS? (Q6) Which are the main journals? (Q7) What are the most frequently used keywords? (Q8) What are the patterns of the Co-Citation network and citation analysis and trends? (Q9) What is the collaboration (Co-Authorship) network among organizations, authors, and countries? (Q10) What is the Co-Occurrence network? (Q11) What are the main clusters? Moreover, what are their subjects and issues? What are the trends of research on PSS? (Q12), and What are the research gaps? (Q13).Literature ReviewThis section aims to summarize the available literature review in PSS to clarify the need for the present research.Our literature review shows that PSS has increased in recent years. This increasing trend illustrates that PSS has attracted the attention of many academics and researchers. Although this field is crucial for modern firms, fewer studies have addressed PSS by scientometrics and bibliometric analysis. Therefore, it is vital to review these papers using bibliometric tools and specify gaps in the literature.Figure 1 shows the annual publication trends and collaborations until 2022.Figure 1: Figure 1 Literature published in the PSS field from 2000 to 2022 MethodologyThis paper uses network structure, scientometrics, and descriptive analysis to analyze publications around the Product-service systems (PSS).The present study uses "VOSviewer" software and open source R package "bibliometrix". Also, co-citation, collaboration (co-authorship), co-occurrence, citation, thematic mapping analysis, and clustering are discussed. The data collection came from the Scopus database. ResultsThe results show that the most dominant keywords are "product-service systems", "sustainability" and "PSS". The main common keywords in the leading cluster are PSS and servitization. The results show that most studies and citations are limited to developed economies such as China, England, and Italy. In addition, resources can be classified into four clusters. "Conceptualization and lexicography", "PSS design and implementation", "PSS integration and sustainability and connection with the supply chain" and "Digital and intelligent PSS".Figure 2: Major keywords (WordCloud). source: findings of the present research Figure 3: Co-authorship network, source: findings of the present research Figure 4 displays the countries' collaboration networks.Figure 4: Country Co-authorship network, source: findings of the present research The most cited papers globally are shown in Table 1.Table 1: Most cited papers (global)PaperTotal Citationsper Year sTotal CitationMont ok, 2002, j clean prod67/ 19051411Tukker a, 2004, bus strategy environ73/ 26321392Baines ts, 2007, proc inst mech eng part b j eng manuf84/ 3751350Tukker a, 2015, j clean prod114/ 5916Meier h, 2010, cirp ann manuf technol54/ 2308705Tukker a, 2006, j clean prod37/ 0588630Manzini e, 2003, j clean prod24/ 1482Aurich jc, 2006, j clean prod28/ 0588477Reim w, 2015, j clean prod56/ 125449Beuren fh, 2013, j clean prod39/ 1391DiscussionThis paper provides a network structure analysis and scientometrics of the trends in the field of PSS (2000–2022), using the Scopus and WOS databases. By comparing the search results in the two databases, 504 Scopus articles published in English were selected. We analyze and visualize with VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. Although there are several articles that have reviewed PSS, few have used a scientometrics approach in the PSS. This paper analyzed the most cited articles, the most productive authors and countries and frequent keywords and journals, the publication trends, and the most productive affiliations. This paper also conducted bibliometric analysis on Co-citation, Collaboration (Co-Authorship), Co-word (Co-Occurrence) analysis, citation, Thematic mapping, bibliographic coupling, and Clustering analysis. The results indicate a fast increase in the number of publications in recent years in the PSS. The analysis determines that “Ming x”, and “Sakao t” are the most productive authors in developing PSS. (Mont ok., 2002) is the most cited (global) article with 1411 citationsThe important keywords are “product-service systems”, “product design” and “Product service system (PSS)”.ConclusionPSS is rapidly developing in servitization and can operate as a new opportunity for countries and companies. This paper proposes a systematic view of how the PSS field. The results show that the studies conducted are limited to developed economies such as the United Kingdom, Italy, China, and Germany.Furthermore, the study suggests suggestions for future research through identifying the literature gaps by ThematicMap analysis and helps scholars find research opportunities and propose some practical implications. This paper offers managers an opportunity to familiarize themselves with the design and implementation of PSS.The most dominant keywords are sustainability, servitization, product service systems, business models, and circular economy. The main common keywords in the leading cluster include "business model" and "service-product systems", "circular economy", and "conceptual design". Based on the results of the clustering analysis, the issues of serviceability, product design, and service-product systems are among the most important main clusters. This paper also provides suggestions for future research and helps researchers by identifying gaps in the literature review by schematic map analysis. Based on the gaps, the most important of them are communication and implementation using technologies such as industry 4.0 and blockchain technology and intelligence, quantification of criteria and how to implement them, development of quantitative business models and smart product-service systems, and, how to implement and design its supply chain, define and develop new criteria, and the connection and application of new technology in this field were proposed.Keywords: VOSviewer, bibliometrix, product-service systems (PSS), servitization, network structure. IntroductionIn recent years, modern production enterprises for sustainable competitive advantage and profitability, consider the purpose of producing their products to provide services to customers instead of selling products or providing a combination and package of services and products. Product-service systems (PSS) are one of the dimensions of servitization. Therefore, considering the increasing use in the industry and the increased publication of articles in its various fields, such as the design, implementation, and business models of digital, intelligent, sustainable PSS, as well as little research in this field in the country, it is an excellent opportunity, especially for acquaintance and review of articles and studies is to identify gaps in the current literature. To achieve the goals, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, and network structure has been performed on the literature available in the Scopus database until 7/18/2022.Research Question(s)The paper answers the main research questions on the published research on the PSS: (Q1) What is the main information, pattern, and trends of publication? (Q2) Who are the main authors? (Q3) Which are the most productive countries? (Q4), Which articles have the highest number of citations? (Q5) Which are the most productive institutions and universities in PSS? (Q6) Which are the main journals? (Q7) What are the most frequently used keywords? (Q8) What are the patterns of the Co-Citation network and citation analysis and trends? (Q9) What is the collaboration (Co-Authorship) network among organizations, authors, and countries? (Q10) What is the Co-Occurrence network? (Q11) What are the main clusters? Moreover, what are their subjects and issues? What are the trends of research on PSS? (Q12), and What are the research gaps? (Q13).Literature ReviewThis section aims to summarize the available literature review in PSS to clarify the need for the present research.Our literature review shows that PSS has increased in recent years. This increasing trend illustrates that PSS has attracted the attention of many academics and researchers. Although this field is crucial for modern firms, fewer studies have addressed PSS by scientometrics and bibliometric analysis. Therefore, it is vital to review these papers using bibliometric tools and specify gaps in the literature.Figure 1 shows the annual publication trends and collaborations until 2022.Figure 1: Figure 1 Literature published in the PSS field from 2000 to 2022 MethodologyThis paper uses network structure, scientometrics, and descriptive analysis to analyze publications around the Product-service systems (PSS).The present study uses "VOSviewer" software and open source R package "bibliometrix". Also, co-citation, collaboration (co-authorship), co-occurrence, citation, thematic mapping analysis, and clustering are discussed. The data collection came from the Scopus database. ResultsThe results show that the most dominant keywords are "product-service systems", "sustainability" and "PSS". The main common keywords in the leading cluster are PSS and servitization. The results show that most studies and citations are limited to developed economies such as China, England, and Italy. In addition, resources can be classified into four clusters. "Conceptualization and lexicography", "PSS design and implementation", "PSS integration and sustainability and connection with the supply chain" and "Digital and intelligent PSS".Figure 2: Major keywords (WordCloud). source: findings of the present research Figure 3: Co-authorship network, source: findings of the present research Figure 4 displays the countries' collaboration networks.Figure 4: Country Co-authorship network, source: findings of the present research The most cited papers globally are shown in Table 1.Table 1: Most cited papers (global)PaperTotal Citationsper Year sTotal CitationMont ok, 2002, j clean prod67/ 19051411Tukker a, 2004, bus strategy environ73/ 26321392Baines ts, 2007, proc inst mech eng part b j eng manuf84/ 3751350Tukker a, 2015, j clean prod114/ 5916Meier h, 2010, cirp ann manuf technol54/ 2308705Tukker a, 2006, j clean prod37/ 0588630Manzini e, 2003, j clean prod24/ 1482Aurich jc, 2006, j clean prod28/ 0588477Reim w, 2015, j clean prod56/ 125449Beuren fh, 2013, j clean prod39/ 1391DiscussionThis paper provides a network structure analysis and scientometrics of the trends in the field of PSS (2000–2022), using the Scopus and WOS databases. By comparing the search results in the two databases, 504 Scopus articles published in English were selected. We analyze and visualize with VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. Although there are several articles that have reviewed PSS, few have used a scientometrics approach in the PSS. This paper analyzed the most cited articles, the most productive authors and countries and frequent keywords and journals, the publication trends, and the most productive affiliations. This paper also conducted bibliometric analysis on Co-citation, Collaboration (Co-Authorship), Co-word (Co-Occurrence) analysis, citation, Thematic mapping, bibliographic coupling, and Clustering analysis. The results indicate a fast increase in the number of publications in recent years in the PSS. The analysis determines that “Ming x”, and “Sakao t” are the most productive authors in developing PSS. (Mont ok., 2002) is the most cited (global) article with 1411 citationsThe important keywords are “product-service systems”, “product design” and “Product service system (PSS)”.ConclusionPSS is rapidly developing in servitization and can operate as a new opportunity for countries and companies. This paper proposes a systematic view of how the PSS field. The results show that the studies conducted are limited to developed economies such as the United Kingdom, Italy, China, and Germany.Furthermore, the study suggests suggestions for future research through identifying the literature gaps by ThematicMap analysis and helps scholars find research opportunities and propose some practical implications. This paper offers managers an opportunity to familiarize themselves with the design and implementation of PSS.The most dominant keywords are sustainability, servitization, product service systems, business models, and circular economy. The main common keywords in the leading cluster include "business model" and "service-product systems", "circular economy", and "conceptual design". Based on the results of the clustering analysis, the issues of serviceability, product design, and service-product systems are among the most important main clusters. This paper also provides suggestions for future research and helps researchers by identifying gaps in the literature review by schematic map analysis. Based on the gaps, the most important of them are communication and implementation using technologies such as industry 4.0 and blockchain technology and intelligence, quantification of criteria and how to implement them, development of quantitative business models and smart product-service systems, and, how to implement and design its supply chain, define and develop new criteria, and the connection and application of new technology in this field were proposed.Keywords: VOSviewer, bibliometrix, product-service systems (PSS), servitization, network structure. IntroductionIn recent years, modern production enterprises for sustainable competitive advantage and profitability, consider the purpose of producing their products to provide services to customers instead of selling products or providing a combination and package of services and products. Product-service systems (PSS) are one of the dimensions of servitization. Therefore, considering the increasing use in the industry and the increased publication of articles in its various fields, such as the design, implementation, and business models of digital, intelligent, sustainable PSS, as well as little research in this field in the country, it is an excellent opportunity, especially for acquaintance and review of articles and studies is to identify gaps in the current literature. To achieve the goals, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, and network structure has been performed on the literature available in the Scopus database until 7/18/2022.Research Question(s)The paper answers the main research questions on the published research on the PSS: (Q1) What is the main information, pattern, and trends of publication? (Q2) Who are the main authors? (Q3) Which are the most productive countries? (Q4), Which articles have the highest number of citations? (Q5) Which are the most productive institutions and universities in PSS? (Q6) Which are the main journals? (Q7) What are the most frequently used keywords? (Q8) What are the patterns of the Co-Citation network and citation analysis and trends? (Q9) What is the collaboration (Co-Authorship) network among organizations, authors, and countries? (Q10) What is the Co-Occurrence network? (Q11) What are the main clusters? Moreover, what are their subjects and issues? What are the trends of research on PSS? (Q12), and What are the research gaps? (Q13).Literature ReviewThis section aims to summarize the available literature review in PSS to clarify the need for the present research.Our literature review shows that PSS has increased in recent years. This increasing trend illustrates that PSS has attracted the attention of many academics and researchers. Although this field is crucial for modern firms, fewer studies have addressed PSS by scientometrics and bibliometric analysis. Therefore, it is vital to review these papers using bibliometric tools and specify gaps in the literature.Figure 1 shows the annual publication trends and collaborations until 2022.Figure 1: Figure 1 Literature published in the PSS field from 2000 to 2022 MethodologyThis paper uses network structure, scientometrics, and descriptive analysis to analyze publications around the Product-service systems (PSS).The present study uses "VOSviewer" software and open source R package "bibliometrix". Also, co-citation, collaboration (co-authorship), co-occurrence, citation, thematic mapping analysis, and clustering are discussed. The data collection came from the Scopus database. ResultsThe results show that the most dominant keywords are "product-service systems", "sustainability" and "PSS". The main common keywords in the leading cluster are PSS and servitization. The results show that most studies and citations are limited to developed economies such as China, England, and Italy. In addition, resources can be classified into four clusters. "Conceptualization and lexicography", "PSS design and implementation", "PSS integration and sustainability and connection with the supply chain" and "Digital and intelligent PSS".Figure 2: Major keywords (WordCloud). source: findings of the present research Figure 3: Co-authorship network, source: findings of the present research Figure 4 displays the countries' collaboration networks.Figure 4: Country Co-authorship network, source: findings of the present research The most cited papers globally are shown in Table 1.Table 1: Most cited papers (global)PaperTotal Citationsper Year sTotal CitationMont ok, 2002, j clean prod67/ 19051411Tukker a, 2004, bus strategy environ73/ 26321392Baines ts, 2007, proc inst mech eng part b j eng manuf84/ 3751350Tukker a, 2015, j clean prod114/ 5916Meier h, 2010, cirp ann manuf technol54/ 2308705Tukker a, 2006, j clean prod37/ 0588630Manzini e, 2003, j clean prod24/ 1482Aurich jc, 2006, j clean prod28/ 0588477Reim w, 2015, j clean prod56/ 125449Beuren fh, 2013, j clean prod39/ 1391DiscussionThis paper provides a network structure analysis and scientometrics of the trends in the field of PSS (2000–2022), using the Scopus and WOS databases. By comparing the search results in the two databases, 504 Scopus articles published in English were selected. We analyze and visualize with VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. Although there are several articles that have reviewed PSS, few have used a scientometrics approach in the PSS. This paper analyzed the most cited articles, the most productive authors and countries and frequent keywords and journals, the publication trends, and the most productive affiliations. This paper also conducted bibliometric analysis on Co-citation, Collaboration (Co-Authorship), Co-word (Co-Occurrence) analysis, citation, Thematic mapping, bibliographic coupling, and Clustering analysis. The results indicate a fast increase in the number of publications in recent years in the PSS. The analysis determines that “Ming x”, and “Sakao t” are the most productive authors in developing PSS. (Mont ok., 2002) is the most cited (global) article with 1411 citationsThe important keywords are “product-service systems”, “product design” and “Product service system (PSS)”.ConclusionPSS is rapidly developing in servitization and can operate as a new opportunity for countries and companies. This paper proposes a systematic view of how the PSS field. The results show that the studies conducted are limited to developed economies such as the United Kingdom, Italy, China, and Germany.Furthermore, the study suggests suggestions for future research through identifying the literature gaps by ThematicMap analysis and helps scholars find research opportunities and propose some practical implications. This paper offers managers an opportunity to familiarize themselves with the design and implementation of PSS.The most dominant keywords are sustainability, servitization, product service systems, business models, and circular economy. The main common keywords in the leading cluster include "business model" and "service-product systems", "circular economy", and "conceptual design". Based on the results of the clustering analysis, the issues of serviceability, product design, and service-product systems are among the most important main clusters. This paper also provides suggestions for future research and helps researchers by identifying gaps in the literature review by schematic map analysis. Based on the gaps, the most important of them are communication and implementation using technologies such as industry 4.0 and blockchain technology and intelligence, quantification of criteria and how to implement them, development of quantitative business models and smart product-service systems, and, how to implement and design its supply chain, define and develop new criteria, and the connection and application of new technology in this field were proposed.Keywords: VOSviewer, bibliometrix, product-service systems (PSS), servitization, network structure. IntroductionIn recent years, modern production enterprises for sustainable competitive advantage and profitability, consider the purpose of producing their products to provide services to customers instead of selling products or providing a combination and package of services and products. Product-service systems (PSS) are one of the dimensions of servitization. Therefore, considering the increasing use in the industry and the increased publication of articles in its various fields, such as the design, implementation, and business models of digital, intelligent, sustainable PSS, as well as little research in this field in the country, it is an excellent opportunity, especially for acquaintance and review of articles and studies is to identify gaps in the current literature. To achieve the goals, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, and network structure has been performed on the literature available in the Scopus database until 7/18/2022.Research Question(s)The paper answers the main research questions on the published research on the PSS: (Q1) What is the main information, pattern, and trends of publication? (Q2) Who are the main authors? (Q3) Which are the most productive countries? (Q4), Which articles have the highest number of citations? (Q5) Which are the most productive institutions and universities in PSS? (Q6) Which are the main journals? (Q7) What are the most frequently used keywords? (Q8) What are the patterns of the Co-Citation network and citation analysis and trends? (Q9) What is the collaboration (Co-Authorship) network among organizations, authors, and countries? (Q10) What is the Co-Occurrence network? (Q11) What are the main clusters? Moreover, what are their subjects and issues? What are the trends of research on PSS? (Q12), and What are the research gaps? (Q13).Literature ReviewThis section aims to summarize the available literature review in PSS to clarify the need for the present research.Our literature review shows that PSS has increased in recent years. This increasing trend illustrates that PSS has attracted the attention of many academics and researchers. Although this field is crucial for modern firms, fewer studies have addressed PSS by scientometrics and bibliometric analysis. Therefore, it is vital to review these papers using bibliometric tools and specify gaps in the literature.Figure 1 shows the annual publication trends and collaborations until 2022.Figure 1: Figure 1 Literature published in the PSS field from 2000 to 2022 MethodologyThis paper uses network structure, scientometrics, and descriptive analysis to analyze publications around the Product-service systems (PSS).The present study uses "VOSviewer" software and open source R package "bibliometrix". Also, co-citation, collaboration (co-authorship), co-occurrence, citation, thematic mapping analysis, and clustering are discussed. The data collection came from the Scopus database. ResultsThe results show that the most dominant keywords are "product-service systems", "sustainability" and "PSS". The main common keywords in the leading cluster are PSS and servitization. The results show that most studies and citations are limited to developed economies such as China, England, and Italy. In addition, resources can be classified into four clusters. "Conceptualization and lexicography", "PSS design and implementation", "PSS integration and sustainability and connection with the supply chain" and "Digital and intelligent PSS".Figure 2: Major keywords (WordCloud). source: findings of the present research Figure 3: Co-authorship network, source: findings of the present research Figure 4 displays the countries' collaboration networks.Figure 4: Country Co-authorship network, source: findings of the present research The most cited papers globally are shown in Table 1.Table 1: Most cited papers (global)PaperTotal Citationsper Year sTotal CitationMont ok, 2002, j clean prod67/ 19051411Tukker a, 2004, bus strategy environ73/ 26321392Baines ts, 2007, proc inst mech eng part b j eng manuf84/ 3751350Tukker a, 2015, j clean prod114/ 5916Meier h, 2010, cirp ann manuf technol54/ 2308705Tukker a, 2006, j clean prod37/ 0588630Manzini e, 2003, j clean prod24/ 1482Aurich jc, 2006, j clean prod28/ 0588477Reim w, 2015, j clean prod56/ 125449Beuren fh, 2013, j clean prod39/ 1391DiscussionThis paper provides a network structure analysis and scientometrics of the trends in the field of PSS (2000–2022), using the Scopus and WOS databases. By comparing the search results in the two databases, 504 Scopus articles published in English were selected. We analyze and visualize with VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. Although there are several articles that have reviewed PSS, few have used a scientometrics approach in the PSS. This paper analyzed the most cited articles, the most productive authors and countries and frequent keywords and journals, the publication trends, and the most productive affiliations. This paper also conducted bibliometric analysis on Co-citation, Collaboration (Co-Authorship), Co-word (Co-Occurrence) analysis, citation, Thematic mapping, bibliographic coupling, and Clustering analysis. The results indicate a fast increase in the number of publications in recent years in the PSS. The analysis determines that “Ming x”, and “Sakao t” are the most productive authors in developing PSS. (Mont ok., 2002) is the most cited (global) article with 1411 citationsThe important keywords are “product-service systems”, “product design” and “Product service system (PSS)”.ConclusionPSS is rapidly developing in servitization and can operate as a new opportunity for countries and companies. This paper proposes a systematic view of how the PSS field. The results show that the studies conducted are limited to developed economies such as the United Kingdom, Italy, China, and Germany.Furthermore, the study suggests suggestions for future research through identifying the literature gaps by ThematicMap analysis and helps scholars find research opportunities and propose some practical implications. This paper offers managers an opportunity to familiarize themselves with the design and implementation of PSS.The most dominant keywords are sustainability, servitization, product service systems, business models, and circular economy. The main common keywords in the leading cluster include "business model" and "service-product systems", "circular economy", and "conceptual design". Based on the results of the clustering analysis, the issues of serviceability, product design, and service-product systems are among the most important main clusters. This paper also provides suggestions for future research and helps researchers by identifying gaps in the literature review by schematic map analysis. Based on the gaps, the most important of them are communication and implementation using technologies such as industry 4.0 and blockchain technology and intelligence, quantification of criteria and how to implement them, development of quantitative business models and smart product-service systems, and, how to implement and design its supply chain, define and develop new criteria, and the connection and application of new technology in this field were proposed.Keywords: VOSviewer, bibliometrix, product-service systems (PSS), servitization, network structure. IntroductionIn recent years, modern production enterprises for sustainable competitive advantage and profitability, consider the purpose of producing their products to provide services to customers instead of selling products or providing a combination and package of services and products. Product-service systems (PSS) are one of the dimensions of servitization. Therefore, considering the increasing use in the industry and the increased publication of articles in its various fields, such as the design, implementation, and business models of digital, intelligent, sustainable PSS, as well as little research in this field in the country, it is an excellent opportunity, especially for acqua

ObjectiveThe fast technological change and increasing intensity of competitive environment have led to different types of innovation, including product and process innovation. However, this does not to guarantee firms’ success unless they adopt a holistic approach to innovation through business model innovation (BMI). As imitating BMI is not easy for competitors, it’s an efficient business experiment to attain a sustainable competitive advantage. By reviewing the existing literature on BMI, we concluded that one of the notable overlooked research streams is the analysis of BMI impact on firms’ performance. In this regard, this paper investigates the impact of BMI and its four dimensions (product, process, organizational and marketing innovation) on the performance of the tenants (firms) located at the Sharif Science and Technology (S&T) Park and highlights the moderating effect of networking and knowledge-based status of tenants. MethodologyThe statistical population of this research includes firms located at the Sharif S&T Park which are 70 as of the summer 2020. Data to test our hypotheses was gathered by distributing questionnaires - formulated through the literature review and the Community Innovation Survey’s questionnaire - in the fall and summer of 2020. Among the filled questionnaires 59 ones were consideres as the basis for our statistical analysis. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis to test our hypotheses by SmartPLS3 software. Validity and reliability of constructs were also verified by Cronbach’s Alpha, composite reliability and average variance. FindingsThe obtained results proved the positive and significant impact of BMI on the tenants’ performance. Among BMI’s dimensions, product and marketing innovation had also significant positive effect on the tenants’ performance. On the other hand, the impact of process and organizational innovation on the tenants’ performance was not significant and these two hypotheses were accordingly rejected. Besides, the positive, significant, and moderating impact of both moderators were confirmed. ConclusionOur contribution involves analyzing BMI in overlooked S&T park tenants which are small and newly established firms. In the academic literature, research on BMI is dominantly focused on large firms. Therefore, research on BMI in tenants is another novel aspect of this paper. Studied firms, Sharif S&T Park tenants, are generally small and dedicate most of their resources to product innovation; however, they neglect process and organizational innovation. Insignificant impact of process and organizational innovation on performance implies that tenants’ capabilities should be strengthened in these BMI dimensions. As our findings suggests, Sharif S&T Park tenants’ performance is not influenced by process and organizational innovation. Despite due to the limitations on generalization the achieved results, this paper provides theoretical and managerial implications to both tenants and the managers to reinforce BMI and its dimensions, particularly, process and organizational innovation of tenants.

Objective Market research often begins with two assumptions; first, consumers are able to choose among desirable products, and second, they have sufficient resources to buy them. However, many consumer decisions are constrained by the scarcity of products. In recent years, product scarcity has been used in marketing as a business phenomenon and the issue has received increasing attention from both academics and practitioners. The available academic literature discusses a wide variety of subjects investigated based on various theories, using different research methods in a diverse range of settings. However, this diversity makes it difficult to obtain the core themes and findings and also to recognize the outstanding knowledge gaps. The purpose of this article is to review previous studies on the use of product scarcity in marketing and also to identify new directions for future research. The review was conducted for two purposes: initially, to describe the current state of research on the use of product scarcity in marketing, and second, to identify the present gaps in the current literature to highlight opportunities for future research. In particular, this review sought to answer the following: How can different types of product scarcity help firms improve their marketing performance, and what factors need to be considered in the process? Methodology The present research is conducted based on the systematic literature review method. In the first step, while determining and specifying the subject of study, the research questions were developed in accordance with the research design. In the next step, the research protocol was designed and an appropriate mental model was designed, accordingly. Subsequently, inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined. Accordingly, the comprehensive and systematic search began within the literature and 914 studies were selected. After classifying, screening, and evaluating their quality, 66 studies were finally examined in depth and the required data were collected. Findings The analysis of the identified papers led to the development of a conceptual framework to describe the key factors of product scarcity and how these factors influence both consumers and the market. The established framework indicated that the use of product scarcity in marketing depends on consumer characteristics, types of scarcity, and types of products. The use has different impacts on consumers. By purchasing scarce products, consumers satisfy their needs for uniqueness, conformity, behavioral freedom, and/or avoiding future regret. All of the above can increase consumers’ perception of the value of products and consequently boost their willingness to purchase. Conclusion This paper systematically reviewed a sample of previous studies on product scarcity, with a focus on the use of product scarcity as an effective marketing strategy to improve market as well as firm performance. The analysis of the identified literature highlighted the main findings obtained so far, summarised the underlying theories for product scarcity in marketing, and developed a framework based on the key factors and causal relationships. The analysis of the identified papers proves substantial gaps in our knowledge of this field, opening up new paths for future research. Based on the current review, we see a key limitation resulting from the lack of research uncovering the process black box between product scarcity and performance improvement. This is also largely caused by the lack of high-quality case studies on this issue in the existing literature.

Objective With the advent of new technologies and the changing behavior of customers, the global banking industry needs to take on the challenges of innovation in its processes. Changes in technology, regulatory requirements, and the crisis in the economy along with changing the expectations of customers are the requirements for a substantial change in the banking system. Using digital technologies, fintech companies have offered innovative services to enhance customer satisfaction, in some cases proving more efficient than banks. The bank-fintech collaboration, which comes in various forms, relies on the capabilities of each institution and the cooperation’s benefits for each of them. Such collaboration has attracted the researchers' attention to the extent that a considerable number of papers have focused on fintechs despite its novelty. This study aims to review the existing scientific papers and their achievements regarding bank-fintech collaboration. This study focuses on the necessity, drivers and benefits, risks, obstacles, and types of bank-fintech collaboration in scientific papers. Methodology The present research is conducted based on the systematic literature review method. For this purpose, the related literature was systematically reviewed over a period of 7 months. At first, after specifying the subject of study, the research question was developed in accordance with the research design. Then the research protocol was designed and an appropriate mental model was designed accordingly. Subsequently, inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined. Accordingly, the comprehensive and systematic search began within the literature and 986 studies were considered. After classification, screening, and measurement of their quality (methodological assessment based on PRISMA Statement), 41 studies were finally examined in depth (through a detailed review of their abstracts, introduction, methodology, and results) and the required data were collected. Then, in the last step, the obtained data were classified, codified (using the open coding method through Excel software), synthesized, and finally summarized. Findings Based on the obtained results, all the factors that affect the cooperation between banks and fintech companies can be classified into four main categories of both parties’ characteristics, relational features, collaboration requirements, and macro issues. Each category also includes a number of subcategories and codes. A total of four categories, 11 sub-categories, and 43 codes make up the factors that play a role in the formation of cooperation between banks and fintech companies. According to the diversity of detected factors, it can be concluded that the formation of cooperation between banks and fintech companies is a complex process and must be considered a multi-dimensional concept. Conclusion Finally, a schematic Model was developed to explain how effective factors affect cooperation formation. According to the diversity of the detected factors, it can be concluded that the formation of cooperation among banks and fintech companies is a multi-dimensional and complex process.

Providing valuable information in the form of attractive content and interaction with customers is one of the most important elements of content marketing. The most important factor in the success of content marketing is answering to the question of what causes the audience to engage in content. Despite numerous researches in the field of identifying the dimensions of engagement and motivators of audiences to engage with content, the audience engagement is still one of the most important concerns of actors in the field of content marketing and they are looking for effective ways to identify factors affecting the promotion of audiences' engagement. The present study, using Meta - synthesis method based on the Sandelowski and Barros (2007) model, identifies influential indicators of content marketing on promoting the audience engagement. For this purpose, studies according to years 2003 – 2019 were collected and the papers that did not obtain the intended criteria were excluded from the study. Finally, the findings of 45 papers were selected. By classification of identified codes, 23 categories were identified in 4 dimensions including engagement, categories related to content features, categories related to content writer and other user's reactions. Among all identified categories, the possibility of content personalization for each audience, the sentiment embedded in content and the history of content, the membership level of writer and his/her identity in the online community made the highest priority.

Data accuracy plays an important role in any research. One of the reasons a paper is rejected by international accounting journals is non-reliance of editors on domestic data due to lack of access to this data in international databases. Also, one of the ways that editors and reviewers can find out the accuracy of data is to refer to the descriptive statistics of variables previously published in accounting journals. Therefore, this study uses descriptive statistics of frequent variables in accounting journals approved by Ministry of science to provide an overview of variables in Iranian accounting journals and be used by accounting researchers, peer reviewers and editors as a scale of variable limits in papers. This study reviews 632 papers published in sixteen journals approved by the Ministry of Science in 2016, 2017, and 2018. The results show that the standard deviation and dispersion of some variables are high and some are low. Variables such as cash holdings, equity returns, and the ratio of intangible assets have the lowest dispersion, and variables such as earnings per share, book value per share, and the asset's logarithm have the highest dispersion among the variables.

This paper investigates the factors affecting export diversification in Iran. As deducted from heterogeneous trade theory, the main variables of interest in this paper's baseline specification are entry and trade costs. For this purpose, Theil index is calculated for export diversification. This index is obtained for ten selected two-digit commodity codes in the HS coordinate system. Then the basic model is introduced and estimated by the generalized least squares (GLS) method. Estimated results show that diversification depends negatively on domestic and foreign market entry costs. Therefore, reducing the unnecessary rules for setting up enterprises, customs regulations, creating transportation and financial facilities can help to improve the Iran's export diversification.

Effecting fundamental changes in all organizational dimensions, digital transformation refers to the aggregation and integration of digital technologies in all areas of an organization. The design science methodology was used in this study to propose a maturity assessment model for digital transformation in industrial organizations. . For data collection in the qualitative phase, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to analyze relevant papers within the 2015–2019 period. As a result, 49 papers were selected. At the same time, the experts were interviewed. Axial and theoretical coding phases were then implemented through the grounded theory in MAXQDA 10 to classify data as four dimensions and 12 categories. Causal conditions, context conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences were then identified to design the paradigm model. In the quantitative phase, research questionnaires were used for data collection, and the structural equation modeling technique was employed for model testing in SmartPLS. According to the ISO 15504, the capability maturity model for digital transformation was designed at incomplete, initial, performed, managed, established, and optimized levels in order to make research practical, and a corresponding 48-item researcher-made questionnaire was then developed. The proposed model was analyzed in an industrial organization of the electronics sector to determine the organizational maturity level.the result showed that the organization is at the second level of maturity and transformation has begun in it.the focus of the organization has been on the technology aspect and it is necessary to develop organization aspects accordance with them.

Plagiarism is removal and to put it in their own name the ideas or words of others. With the Increasing progress of the Internet and the proliferation of online articles, scientific theft has also become easier. Many systems have been developed today to detect plagiarism. Most of these systems are based on lexical structure and string matching algorithms. Therefore, these systems can hardly detect recovery robberies, placement of synonyms. This paper presents a method for identifying plagiarism based on semantic role labeling and cellular learning automata. In this paper, cellular learning automata are used to locate the processed words. Semantic role labeling specifies the role of words in sentence. Comparison operations are performed for all sentences of the original text and suspicious text. Results of the experiments on PAN-PC-11 corpus demonstrate the proposed method improves values of evaluation parameters such as recall, precision and F-measure, comparing to previous approaches in plagiarism detection.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between trade openness and inflation in selected developing and developed countries from 1990 to 2017 using a Panel data approach for testing Romer's hypothesis of relationship between inflation index and Trade Openness. The results of the paper show that the Romer hypothesis is rejected in both the studied groups (developed and developing). The results showed that the effect of trade openness on inflation rate was positive and significant in both groups. But the impact of trade openness on inflation has been greater in developing countries. The effect of money supply on inflation was positive and significant in both groups. According to other results of this study, GDP had a significant and negative effect on inflation. Also, the exchange rate has not been a determinant of inflation in developed countries but in developing countries it has had a positive effect on inflation.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of the heterogeneous behavior of investors in the housing sector on housing prices and subsequently on Iran's economic growth during the period 2001:3 to 2020:3. For this purpose, first, the effect of herding behavior and overconfidence of investors on housing prices and then the effect of housing prices on economic growth was estimated by smooth transition regression (STR) method. Then, by calculating the Sobel statistic, the mediating role of the housing price in the transmission of the behavior of investors in the housing sector on economic growth was tested. The results showed that the housing price and economic growth functions have a threshold and two regimes. The imitative behavior of a previous period is the transition variable of the housing price function with a threshold equal to 0.0051 percent. The housing price is also a variable of economic growth function transfer with a threshold equal to 0.0266 percent The estimated coefficients of the first and second regimes indicate the asymmetric behavior of investors on housing prices. The estimation of the economic growth function showed that housing prices had a negative effect on economic growth in the first and second regimes, but this effect was strengthened in the second regime. The calculation of Sobel's statistic also showed that the housing price had a mediating role in transferring the effect of herding behavior on economic growth, but it did not act as a mediator in transferring the effect of overconfidence on economic growth.

Process discovery is a branch of process mining that by using event logs extracts the process model that describes the events’ behavior properly. Since, Heuristic process discovery algorithms are among the most significant and popular process discovery methods and due to the fact that the quality of outputs of these algorithms is heavily dependent on the quality of extracted dependency graph, in this paper for the first time, an approach to transform the problem of dependency graph discovery to a binary programming problem has been proposed and also, an objective function is introduced that simultaneously considers fitness and precision measures of output models. The weights dedicated to each of the measures are determined by means of a user-defined threshold. The mentioned measures are the most important metrics in assessing quality of output models of process discovery algorithms. Hence, in fact this approach focuses on improving quality metrics of output models. Moreover, by means of defining suitable constrains, the proposed approach is capable of involving domain knowledge in mining procedure, as well as guiding the result through whether the models that are more likely to be sound. This is depicted in a case study of a real company that is described in this paper. In the case study, the proposed approach has been applied to marketing event log of the mentioned company by utilizing the constrains defined according to domain knowledge and structural rules of dependency graph and at the end, the results were presented.

In this paper, while investigating the issue of women's lack of promotion, a systematic review of the research on the identification of barriers to women's promotion to the levels of management in Iranian governmental organizations was analyzed. Using the qualitative meta-analysis method and purposive sampling 32, research papers have been reviewed during the period from 2001 to 2017.The results show that there are significant changes in the prioritization of women's promotion barriers. In the 1980s, most studies have identified family-personal barriers as the main barrier to women's promotion to management levels. But in the next research, in addition to changing in priorities, a new barrier has also been added to the promotion barriers. The findings categorize women's promotion barriers into four broad categories and prioritize them as follows. Cultural-social barriers (gender stereotypes and domination of patriarchal culture).Political barriers (the absence of women in power rings, the absence of women in political parties and political groups, the inability of women in lobbying).Organizational barriers (organization's lack of trust in women, management perceived as a right and a male work, the absence of women in informal communication networks).And finally, individual-family barriers (women's lack of self-esteem, lack of motivation for advancement in women, and greater responsibility of women towards the family).

In this paper, in order to calculate portfolio market risk of 10 selected industries indices in Tehran Stock Exchange, two models of Value Risk (VaR) and Expected shortfall (ES) have been used. Different models of multivariate GARCH and various Coppola models have been used in order to estimate the volatility of the portfolio and nonlinear correlation of asset portfolio. Backtesting has been done by Kupiec, Christoffersen, Engle and Manganelli and McNeill and Ferry tests. Results show that the DCC-GARCH model by t-Student distribution compared to other competing models has the best results in estimating volatility of the asset portfolio. Also among all Copula models reviewed in this paper, t-student copula model has shown better results for estimating asset dependence. Finally, the results of backtesting of different models showed that both the DCC-GARCH model with t-Student distribution and DCC-GARCH-Copula with t-Student distribution have acceptable results in estimating VaR and ES. However, the Lopez and Blanco and Ihle tests showed that the DCC-GARCH model with t-Student distribution compared to the DCC-GARCH-Copula model with t-Student distribution gives a more accurate and efficient estimate of the VaR and ES of asset portfolios.

Although consumption represents individuals’ social and economic status, a large number of consumers do prefer, for different reasons, to consume as little as possible. This paper aims at answering this essential question: What are the factors affecting anti-consumption behavior among consumers and its possible consequences? In order to answer a relevant research question, a Grounded Theory research has been conducted with a qualitative methodology and as for data analysis, we have resorted to the َAtlas-T software. The sampling method has been of a snow-ball type whereby we reached the saturation with a total of 20 interviews with professors and experts in the areas of marketing, management, sociology, economics, psychology, and law. Findings indicate that brand mistakes are a major factor affecting the anti-consumption behavior among the consumers. We have also determined the factors leading, whether directly or indirectly, to the emergence of such behavior among them we may refer to values and norms, improper advertisements, negative imaging, economic conditions, product unacceptability, gossiping, deliberate anti-consumption, un-prestigious consumption, consumers’ pessimism, fidelity to one’s beliefs, etc. The paper has been ended in the recommendations of some solutions on how to change anti-consumption behavior to be followed by brand owners.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to analyze the promotion of tax compliance using the meta-combination method. This research is applicable in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of the way of collecting data, and with a meta-composite approach in terms of the method of conducting the research, using the approach of Barroso and Sandlowski (2007) that the steps of this research are based on the seven-step method to review the research literature. The statistical population of the research includes the results of research conducted in countries that have analyzed the promotion of tax compliance. For data analysis, meta-combination method was used. In this study, to identify the components of tax compliance, first the screening criteria and analysis on the conducted researches finally led to the selection of 23 documents that met all the requirements set by the review protocol. By examining these documents, 26 codes were identified as organizing themes and were introduced in the form of 5 comprehensive theme codes with the titles "cultural norm, social values, central norm, rule of law, executive guarantees". Extended Abstract Introduction One of the most important and fundamental ways to increase tax revenues and achieve the aforementioned goals in this sector is to try to increase tax compliance. Studies show that the higher the percentage of tax compliance in a tax system, the more the amount of revenue collected by the tax sector, and macroeconomic indicators such as the ratio of taxes to GDP, the ratio of actual tax revenues to the predicted tax revenues in the budget, and the ratio of voluntarily paid tax revenues to all collected tax revenues increases. Considering the importance of the issue, the aim of the current research is to provide a governance framework to promote tax compliance (Salaudeen & Abdulwahab, 2022). There are two different approaches to discuss the issue of tax compliance. One of them is the economic approach based on the theory of public choice (Allingham & Sandmo, 1972), whereby taxes are either systematically paid or taxpayers avoid paying taxes. In addition, there is another approach called "social-psychological approach" whereby tax compliance is determined through psychological factors such as considerations of tax justice and a sense of moral identity (Khalid, 2022). One of the main theoretical areas in the category of taxpayers' compliance is the "deterrence theory" (Becker, 1968). In this theory, it is assumed that taxpayers seek to maximize their expected utility from a gamble called "non-compliance", which is based on the balance of benefits obtained from the success of tax evasion, against the expected risk of detection and tax crimes (Sandmo, 2005). The final result of the said theory is that compliance is highly dependent on tax audits and penalties. In other words, taxpayers will pay their taxes due to the fear of crimes (Alabede, 2011). Based on this, the current research is looking for an answer to this question: What is the analysis of improving tax compliance using the meta-combination method? Theoretical Framework Tax compliance The meaning of corporate tax compliance is that taxpayers comply with the country's tax laws and regulations. This compliance includes registering in the tax system, submitting declarations, maintaining and presenting documents, calculating reports, and paying the tax debt correctly and in full at the appointed time, so tax compliance means complying with the tax law on the part of the taxpayer, which ultimately leads to an increase in government income tax and improving the society (Mohammadi et al, 2023). Accountability In a simple definition, it can be said that accountability is making specific people responsible for ensuring the performance of assigned tasks, in a certain time and according to the methods and criteria agreed upon or stipulated in the law. Also, accountability is defined as giving a reason and asking for the work done. In this definition, the existence of the right to question is assumed for a specific individual, group or organization; therefore, basically the question is based on the right, and this right forces the other to respond (Tax Affairs Organization of the country, 2018)). Yu (2022) examined the tax structure and corporate tax compliance: Evidence from China; which empirically examines the effect of tax structure on corporate tax compliance using Chinese industrial enterprise database and provincial data. The results show that relying more on indirect taxes leads to a decrease in corporate tax compliance, while increasing the proportion of direct taxes on total tax revenues significantly increases corporate tax compliance. To overcome endogeneity, robustness is tested using instrumental variables and other robustness checks, such as changing variables and changing time ranges. Analysis of the mechanism shows that improving the quality of governance and increasing tax efforts will be useful to reduce the complexity of the tax system. This paper examines the impact of the tax system on corporate tax behavior from the perspective of tax structure, which also provides precise empirical evidence for tax reform in China. Sarmad et al, (2022) in a research titled "Corporate Taxation and Firm-Specific Capital Structure Determinants: Evidence from UK and US Multinational Corporations" examines whether the effective tax rate and firm-specific factors (such as firm size, growth opportunities, tangibility, risk, profitability, non-debt tax shields and liquidity) affect the capital structure of multinational companies in the energy sector. In this research, fixed effect and random effect regression models were used to test balanced panel data sets of multinational companies based in the United Kingdom and the United States of America during the period of 2011-2019, during which the positive and significant effect, evident tax shields, risk, profitability and non-debt over the criteria of long-term debt and total capital structure. However, in the case of short-term debt, it was shown to be significantly negatively related to tangibility, non-debt tax shields and liquidity; and positively related to firm risk. Therefore, the effective tax rate and company size have a significant negative relationship with leverage, the choice of multinational companies and liquidity has a significant inverse relationship with long-term debt, the results significantly contribute to the evaluation of multinational companies in the energy sector, and shows how managers can achieve an optimal level of capital structure. Research methodology This research is applicable in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of the way of collecting data, and with a meta-composite approach in terms of the method of conducting the research, using the approach of Barroso and Sandlowski (2007) that the steps of this research are based on the seven-step method to review the research literature. The statistical population of the research includes the results of research conducted in countries that have analyzed the promotion of tax compliance. Research findings For data analysis, meta-combination method was used. In this study, to identify the components of tax compliance, first the screening criteria and analysis on the conducted researches finally led to the selection of 23 documents that met all the requirements set by the review protocol. By examining these documents, 26 codes were identified as organizing themes and were introduced in the form of 5 comprehensive theme codes with the titles "cultural norm, social values, central norm, rule of law, executive guarantees". Conclusion The current research has been carried out with the purpose of analysis on the promotion of tax compliance using meta-combination method. The results of this research are in agreement with the results of Yu (2022), Sarmad et al, (2022), Teymuri et al, (2022), Mohajeri et al, (2022), Bizaval (2020), Hasanvand et al, (2020), Tang (2020), Guzel (2018), and Lin et al, (2018). Yu (2022) showed that relying more on indirect taxes leads to lower corporate tax compliance, while increasing the proportion of direct taxes on total tax revenues significantly increases corporate tax compliance. To overcome endogeneity, robustness is tested using instrumental variables and other robustness checks, such as changing variables and changing time ranges. Analysis of the mechanism shows that improving the quality of governance and increasing tax efforts is useful for reducing the complexity of the tax system. According to the obtained results, the following suggestions are provided: The tax system should be developed in the direction of transparent economic information and the organization of tax laws and regulations; and one of the roots of corruption is not disseminating information in the economy and the lack of transparency of economic activities, and finally, conscious hiding of the income of taxpayers. In order to improve tax compliance, there is a need to create an integrated platform for the exchange of economic information from the basic provisions of upstream documents, and the information obtained from various devices and organizations helps to make the economic information clearer and more accurate. In order to encourage taxpayers to comply with taxes, many preconditions must be taken into consideration in the society so as to be able to achieve tax compliance by improving the tax culture.

Investor sentiment is effective on opportunistic managerial behavior in financial reporting. Therefore, sentiments can be expected to relate to external auditors’ risk assessment and opinion. The current research studies the relationship between investor sentiment, the accuracy of the auditor's going concern opinion, and market reaction to the auditor's opinion. For this purpose, the data of 340 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange have been used from 2013 to 2020. The models were fitted using logistic regression with the control of industry effects. The results show the likelihood of reporting concerned opinions is lower when sentiment is high. In addition, the accuracy of the auditor's opinion decreases during high sentiment periods. This means that auditors are less likely to issue going concern opinions to clients with a high probability of bankruptcy in the following year. In additional analyses, this paper shows the market reaction to going concern opinion is attenuated during high sentiment periods.

Today, entrepreneurship goes beyond the realm of business and is also meaningful in the social, political, cultural, moral, and other fields. Social entrepreneurship involves creating economic and social value in an innovative way. The aim of this study is to investigate and explore social entrepreneurship models using meta synthesis method. Thus, after referring to the sites "Google Scholar" and "Scopus" in the period 2000 to 2022, among the many scientific articles, 35 suitable articles were identified. The validity of the proposed concepts, the hybrid outputs, and the concepts generated by the Delphi panel technique have been categorized and validated by a group of elites. In order to analyze the concepts, dimensions and influential components, the content analysis method has been used. Findings indicate the development of social entrepreneurship dimensions in the form of five general categories: "multilevel innovation", "social value creation", "ecology and design of social business model", "definition of the role of social entrepreneur" and "employment and income generation". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Nowadays, one of the most important problems of marketing managers is the confrontation with a variety of behavioral disturbances. Behavioral and emotional states of marketing managers can have a direct impact on their performance. A marketing manager who has a psychological turmoil cannot play an efficient role and cannot help to the result of the marketing unit; respectively, the firm’s overall performance and success are at risk. The mental turmoil disturbs their entire focus and hinders their ability to work and perform their duties. Considering the importance of the position of marketing managers in the success or failure of companies, the main issue of this research is the "behavioral distress" of corporate marketing managers. A problem for which there is no model proposed so far. Therefore, it can be pointed out that the purpose of this paper is to use the appropriate methods and in different stages of research to investigate the issue of "behavioral distress" of marketing managers in order to draw up the status quo and to propose solutions to solve it. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the dimensions of marketing managers’ distress. Methodology The present qualitative research uses qualitative grounded theory. The research data were collected through in-depth interviews with the marketing managers and then analyzed based on grounded theory premises. The statistical population of this research consisted of marketing managers of companies. According to the research structure, in this paper, judgmental sampling was used. To determine the sample size, the persuasion rule was used and the sampling procedure continued to reach the theoretical saturation. Findings The results of the interviews with marketing managers of reputable companies, various themes and codes were extracted and finally a model for explaining the factors affecting behavioral distress in industrial marketing managers was proposed. Structural factors, behavioral factors, production factors, marketing factors, financial factors, market situation and customer status with respect to individual characteristics can lead to distress among marketing managers. Conclusion To avoid the behavioral distress, the affective factors should be reduced to minimize its negative effects on the performance of the marketing manager and the organization. Based on the model, the factors affecting turmoil are influenced by the "macroeconomic environment" factors. Due to the uncontrollability of this factor, planning should be done in a way that the level of vulnerability of the company and, consequently, the marketing manager are reduced. The diversification strategy of suppliers can be used to reduce the level of reliance on each supplier. Also, the strategy for developing export markets and simultaneous setting of two or more target markets can help to reduce the risk of customer disconnection, and have a less negative impact on the marketing manager. In the area of ​​"behavioral factors", firstly, company management itself must balance its behavior with the marketing manager using the appropriate strategies of organizational behavior and eliminate the background of distress. In the next step, when the manager, as a model for the managers and staff’ behavior in the organization, improves his behavior, other managers as well as the other staff will adapt the necessary modeling and improved their behavior. In the case of "structural factors", having a unit of strong systems and methods as well as implementing the coordination methods between units can help solve the problems. The coordination process between units should be designed in such a way that it causes the least conflict between the different units of the company. The prerequisite for such changes is the promotion of team spirit. In the case of "organizational task forces", the strengthening of a robust and supreme organizational culture in all organizational units, including production, finance and marketing, will be decreased by the turmoil of the marketing manager. You have to establish the motto "everyone for sale" in the company. Moreover, in the case of "customer status" factors, customer relationship management systems can be used to establish customer validation systems and create a strategy to help distinguish between customers. The advent of new technologies, such as information technology, can be of great help in this regard. Optimum interaction with reputable customers and sales planning based on a customer's declared credit can reduce the behavioral distress of the marketing manager. The next proposal is not to grant exclusive agents in broad markets, in order to control the company's representatives. In the case of "market factors" that goes beyond the organization, although the factors are uncontrollable, market monitoring and data mining techniques can be used to optimize market changes in order to dramatically reduce the vulnerability of the company and the marketing unit. Another aspect of the job is the "suitability of the person employed with the job". If there is a conflict between the characteristics of the person employed and the job, the efficiency and functioning of the worker will be reduced. It is suggested to use different personality tests, such as Myers-Briggs Personality Test, Job Path Anchor Test, Typing Yang Index Test, and ... to help select the correct marketing manager. It is also necessary to pay attention to the intelligence issues of the marketing manager.

Today, the use of survey-based fuzzy assessment models is very common. Most developed methods, had rarely attended to the reliability of survey participants’ opinions. This paper proposed a new fuzzy multi-criteria evaluation model for improving the reliability of individual’s opinion (verbal judgment). For this, first, SWARA and COPRAS methods are developed in a fuzzy environment. Then, Z-number concept is used to increase data reliability and accuracy of final results, while differentiating between the weight of the evaluators (people participating in the survey). To illustrate the implementation process of the proposed model, a practical case study of Internet Banking is done. This case evaluated the quality of Internet banking services of the Kosar Credit Institute based on customer satisfaction criteria. Finally, while interpreting the numerical results and describing the prominent features of the proposed fuzzy model, management results and suggestions are also discussed. The proposed approach in this paper is a new fuzzy multi-criteria decision making model that improves the reliability of individual’s verbal judgment of, while reducing the inherent uncertainty in evaluation issues. This model will improve the reliability of decision-making data and increase the accuracy of final results.

Recommender systems utilization has proven sales enhancement in most e-commerce platforms. This system objected to provide more options, comfort and flexibility to user which could make him interested, as well as providing better chance for companies to increase sells in their products and services. Flourishing popularity of web site has originated intrigue for recommendation systems. By penetrating in infinite fields, recommendation systems give deceptive suggestion on services compatible with user precedence. Integrating recommender systems by data management techniques to can targeted such issues and quality of suggestions will be improved considerably. Recent research reveals an idea of utilizing social network data to refine weakness points of traditional recommender system and improve prediction accuracy and efficiency. In this paper we represent views of recommender systems based on Twitter social network data by usage of variety interfaces, content analysis Methods, computational linguistics techniques and MALLET topic modeling algorithm. By deep exploration of objects, methodologies and available data sources, this paper will helps interested people to develop travel recommendation systems and facilitates future research by achieved direction.

v Recommender systems utilization has proven sales enhancement in most e-commerce platforms. This system objected to provide more options, comfort and flexibility to user which could make him interested, as well as providing better chance for companies to increase sells in their products and services. Flourishing popularity of web site has originated intrigue for recommendation systems. By penetrating in infinite fields, recommendation systems give deceptive suggestion on services compatible with user precedence. Integrating recommender systems by data management techniques to can targeted such issues and quality of suggestions will be improved considerably. Recent research reveals an idea of utilizing social network data to refine weakness points of traditional recommender system and improve prediction accuracy and efficiency. In this paper we represent views of recommender systems based on Twitter social network data by usage of variety interfaces, content analysis Methods, computational linguistics techniques and MALLET topic modeling algorithm. By deep exploration of objects, methodologies and available data sources, this paper will helps interested people to develop travel recommendation systems and facilitates future research by achieved direction.

The purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions and components of the maturity model of the open innovation ecosystem in Iran's defense industries based on the purposeful use of knowledge flows, in the form of ideas, science or technology in order to create value that can bring significant benefits to the individuals and organizations, including accelerating the main processes inside the organization (internal innovation) or expanding the market (external innovation) outside the organization. This research is an applied-basic one. In order to do so, 485 papers in the field of open innovation were collected using the meta-synthesis method. Based on the algorithm for selecting the final articles, the data of 80 articles were analyzed, and the maturity model of open innovation ecosystem was designed using the coding method and Maxqda Analytics Pro Software. To check the quality or reliability of the indicators, Kappa coefficient was used in SPSS software, which is equal to 0.86 in the current research, that indicates the appropriate reliability of the indicators. The analysis of the concluding model and the findings of this research showed that the open innovation ecosystem has several components in forms of 13 categories and 23 concepts, including collaborations and joint ventures, investment in ideas and research, and crowdsourcing. Also, the results showed that participating in investment, making mutual contracts with companies active in the field of business, and acquiring small and knowledge-based companies can accelerate the main processes of innovation within the organization. Extended Abstract Introduction The open innovation approach is a paradigm that assumes, in line with its technological development in sales, a company should also exploit external ideas (including customers, competitors, industry, suppliers and so on) as easily as the internal ideas it uses for its activities. (Podmetina et al, 2019). In recent years, we have seen an increase in the efforts of the defense industries of countries with high military power to improve their innovation process through open innovation, because problems such as reducing the defense budget of countries and increasing the dispersion of knowledge in society for the development of new products, has made research-based innovation domestic development difficult or low productivity. On the other hand, open innovation success factors such as external networking, technological intelligence innovation means, absorption capacity, market business model and human factors such as culture and motivation should be taken into consideration (Spender et al, 201 7). By implementing the open innovation plan and creating a dynamic and two-way interaction between the owners of innovation and the country's military organizations, especially the defense industries, employees, owners of the best ideas and innovative entrepreneurs should be placed at the service of solving the problems of the defense industries. The use of open innovation in the defense industry, which is considered one of the sources of innovation, in order to collect pure data from the internal and external environment and transform it into knowledge in order to survive in a very changing environment, is of particular importance. In such a situation, the tools that can help the defense industry in achieving its goals is the use of the innovation ecosystem based on the open innovation approach. Theoretical Framework The term ecosystem, which originated from the word ecology, was proposed for the first time by an Italian ecologist named Tanzelli in 1935. It is the basic functional unit of the bio-environment, which is formed by biotic communities interacting with their non-living or unnatural environment. A living community and its environment together represent a ecosystem. Therefore, ecosystem includes living organisms (living community) and non-living environment (non-living community) that are separately related and interact (Granstrand and Holgersson, 2020). Open innovation is defined as: Targeted use of knowledge inflows and outflows to accelerate internal innovation and then develop markets for external use of innovation. Open innovation is a new approach that states that when seeking to improve technology and knowledge derived from their research, organizations should, in addition to internal ideas, apply external ideas from internal and external paths to the market (Boger et al, 2018). Research methodology This research is fundamental in terms of its purpose and exploratory in terms of nature because it is done with the intention of practical application of knowledge and application of findings to answer the questions raised in Iran's defense industry. The qualitative method used in this research is the meta-synthesis of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). Because in this research, a general sentence is deduced by using detailed information and establishing a relationship between them, and observations are made on specific events in a sample of the industry (Iran's defense industries) and then the inference is made about all the members of the industry based on the observation of incidents or events, the research approach is inductive type (that is, reaching from the part to the whole). The strategy of this research is qualitative. Because this research aims to create a new theory and develop knowledge about the open innovation ecosystem, the purpose of the research is exploration. Also, meta-composite method is used in this research and the approach of this research is qualitative (data collection, documentary-meta-composite). Kappa coefficient was used in SPSS software to check the quality or reliability of indicators. Research findings First step: Setting research questions. Proposing the research questions in meta-composite analysis before starting the next steps of the research determines its general framework: what? According to the background study, what are the main concepts and key categories of the open innovation ecosystem? And what should be the appropriate framework for explaining the open innovation ecosystem? Study community (who)? Second step: systematic review of texts. In this step, the most relevant studies were identified and the less relevant studies were separated. The articles are taken from several sites, including the Journal of Corporate and Industrial Changes, the Quarterly Journal of Technology Development Management, the Quarterly Journal of Innovation and Value Creation, the California Journal of Management, the MIT University Policy and Innovation Science Lab, the Journal of Information and Management, the Journal of Management Improvement, technology forecasting and social change magazine, innovation management magazine, research and development management magazine, innovation management magazine in defense organizations, international innovation management magazine, government information quarterly, technology development quarterly and so on. The period of extraction of Iranian articles is between 1394 and 1400 (2015 to 2021) and foreign articles between 2006 and 2022. The total number of Iranian articles was 240 and foreign articles were 245, and a total of 485 articles were reviewed. The third step: searching and choosing suitable articles; Glynn's (2006) tool "Basic Evaluation Skills Program" was used to evaluate the quality of researches (Glynn, 2006). To select suitable articles, various parameters such as title, abstract, content, access, and research method quality have been evaluated. Fourth step: extracting the results; The information of the articles based on the reference of each article, including the title of the article, the name of the authors, the year of article publication, research method, theoretical concepts, open innovation ecosystem methods, challenges of the open innovation ecosystem, and the application of the open innovation ecosystem in each article was classified. Fifth step: analysis and consolidation of findings. At this stage, a three-stage coding approach was used through which, all the remaining studies were studied and coded in three stages. Based on the analysis and content analysis of the articles, 80 final articles were selected and a total of 13 categories, 23 concepts and 85 final codes for the components of the open innovation ecosystem were discovered and labeled in this research. Sixth step: quality control of extracted codes. Reliability of the research focusing on how much the research results can be repeated by other researchers, step-by-step documentation of the stages has been used. In this research, Kappa coefficient was used in SPSS software to check the quality or reliability of indicators. Seventh step: presentation of findings; By analyzing the content of the final selected articles, thirteen main categories including collaborations and joint investments, investment in ideas and research, utilization of knowledge and crowdsourcing, creating strategic alliances, purchasing new products and services. use of new business models, cooperation with partners and networking, use of domestic and foreign technology, use of new market capacities, establishing relationships with stakeholders, cooperation with research organizations, startups and competitors, participation in events and holding events, and protection of inventions and intellectual property were presented. Conclusion The present article has presented an integrated framework in the field of open innovation ecosystem research by organizing scattered studies in the field of "open innovation ecosystem" in a meta-combination method. Based on the results, the open innovation ecosystem framework is set in thirteen categories and twenty three concepts. The resulting categories of this article are collaborations and joint investments, investment in ideas and research, exploitation of knowledge and crowdsourcing, creation of strategic alliances, purchase of new products and services, use of models New business opportunities, cooperation with partners and networking, use of domestic and foreign technology, use of new market capacities, establishing relationships with stakeholders, cooperation with research organizations, start-ups and Competitors, participating in and holding events, and protecting inventions and intellectual property. According to the stated contents and the results of this research, suggestions and solutions based on open innovation ecosystem models are presented: 1) Providing the license to use the company's brand to other companies in order to carry out activities, and receiving the license to use the brand of other companies in return. 2) Participation in investment with active and generally small companies or individuals in the field of business, concluding joint investment contracts with companies active in the field of business, acquisition of small and knowledge-based companies and use their knowledge in the field of business, supporting and using the knowledge of startups that operate in the field of business, and buying the intellectual property of reputable brands. 3) Cooperating with suppliers and negotiating payment in the field of business. 4) Carrying out research-oriented activities, including: supporting research in the field of business, applying business ideas using the "crowd sourcing" method, cooperating with research centers of universities and science and technology parks to obtain up-to-date knowledge in the field of business, and outsourcing research and development activities to obtain capabilities, skills, and innovation opportunities. 5) Carrying out knowledge-oriented activities, including the internal discovery of knowledge through holding an idea contest within the company, exploiting the internal knowledge discovered in the company, and setting up knowledge management systems in the organization with the aim of establishing communication between experts and experienced people of the organization and the combined use of knowledge and experience. 6) Use of intermediaries and types of networks in promoting business processes: social networks, internal networks, external networks, customer networks and the like. 7) Empowerment and localization of competitors' findings in business areas, such as business model localization, and conducting joint research with competitors in a joint study center.

This paper studies credit risk management in banking industry and proposes a generic model for corporate loan portfolio loss distribution in economic downturns. Basel assumes a one-factor Gaussian copula for default correlations and introduces the regulatory capital on the ground of Vasicek process that works acceptably well in normal economic situations but not in recessions. In this paper, one-factor t-student copula is used for dependence structure of probability of Defaults (PDs), and Basel has been extended by introducing correlated PDs and Recovery Rates (RRs) through Clayton copula and the required economic capital is calculated accordingly. Finally, our findings suggest that Expected Shortfall (ES) safeguards banks against losses beyond the VaR level and it is a better risk metric in economic downturns comparing to VaR.

Today, researchers and practitioners both believe that paying attention to supply chain management can create a sustainable competitive advantage. Since 1990s onward, several various studies have been conducted on the supply chain management strategy, its formation and formulation processes. Thus, following systematic review merits, this paper aims to investigate and summarize the previous studies on supply chain strategy, to identify the research gaps and provide some suggestions for applying this concept in practice and future research. Findings showed that, there are several definitions, dimensions, typologies and taxonomies of supply chain strategy as well as several frameworks on supply chain strategy development. Practitioners and researchers alike, can benefit from the results of this paper to become familiar with the literature and summary of SCS studies, SCS content, problems, and existent conflicts in the field, and then to employ this competitive instrument in practice more effectively.

Business intelligence as a management philosophy and a tool to help organizations manage and refine their information is one of the important innovations in the field of information technology that organizations need to adapt to their benefits. Accordingly, designing a model for adapting educational organizations to the business intelligence phenomenon is the motive and purpose of this research. In order to achieve the goal, descriptive-survey method and case of Asadabad city have been used in this paper. Regarding the focus of this research on educational organizations, the statistical population consisted of 145 faculty and staff members from 5 universities in Asadabad. The sample size was 106 randomly selected based on Cochran’s formula and a questionnaire was used to collect the data. By studying the research background and literature review, 42 distinct indicators for organizational adaptation with business intelligence was determined which are presented in the form of a three-level conceptual model. A confirmatory factor analysis has been used to verify the model. During the first order factor analysis, 27 effective indicators were confirmed. Then, using these 27 indicators and determining hidden variables, second order factor analysis was performed and 6 factors were identified. Business intelligence as a management philosophy and a tool to help organizations manage and refine their information is one of the important innovations in the field of information technology that organizations need to adapt to their benefits. Accordingly, designing a model for adapting educational organizations to the business intelligence phenomenon is the motive and purpose of this research. In order to achieve the goal, descriptive-survey method and case of Asadabad city have been used in this paper. Regarding the focus of this research on educational organizations, the statistical population consisted of 145 faculty and staff members from 5 universities in Asadabad. The sample size was 106 randomly selected based on Cochran’s formula and a questionnaire was used to collect the data. By studying the research background and literature review, 42 distinct indicators for organizational adaptation with business intelligence was determined which are presented in the form of a three-level conceptual model. A confirmatory factor analysis has been used to verify the model. During the first order factor analysis, 27 effective indicators were confirmed. Then, using these 27 indicators and determining hidden variables, second order factor analysis was performed and 6 factors were identified.

The current paper examines the impact of export market orientationand marketing mix adaptation on export performance in Tehran's exports companies. The current paper pursues two major goals; first to figure out export market orientation and marketing mix adaptation strategy impact on export performance and second, to study the role of export market orientation in exports due to the contradictory results of previous studies. A sample of 311 export companies was used to test the hypothesis. Data collected was analyzed using Smartpls software and variance-based structural equation model. The results show export companies psychologically adapt their mix marketing plan best to meet the needs of foreign markets in turbulent environments and close competitive markets. Moreover, the results suggest a positive impact of export market orientation and negative impact of Marketing mix adaptation program on export performance. In addition, the export market orientation has dampened the relationship between the two variables, marketing mix adaptation and export performance with a protectionist role in strategic decision-making of export companies.

Introduction: The purpose of the current research was to identify the value proposition factors of the customers of entertainment and sports complexes in Tehran. Methods: The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the present study included coaches, personnel and customers of entertainment and sports complexes in Tehran, as well as academic experts. The sampling method was purposeful and snowball technique. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 59 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.87. Results: In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the factors of the value offered to the customers of entertainment and sports complexes in Tehran were categorized in the form of 5 main categories. The categories include: functional value proposition, situational value proposition, emotional value proposition, social value proposition, cognitive value proposition. These 5 items include 25 concepts and 121 agents or open codes. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that for the development of entertainment and sports complexes in Tehran, it should be focused on the categories extracted from this research, which can be used to meet the needs of customers through the identification of proposed values. took basic steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The primary purpose of this manuscript is to present the knowledge management strategy compilation model based on Business strategy. Methodology: This research uses quantitative and qualitative methods to extract the key components of the organization's knowledge strategy from descriptive and analytical (qualitative) methods. Quantitative and statistical methods will be used to validate the model. Findings: The research results showed that to develop a knowledge strategy model since knowledge management processes are carried out in the organization's context, they are under the influence of the organization's background. The organization field includes 1) knowledge management enablers such as organizational factors (such as structure and culture) and technology, and 2) knowledge management drivers such as business strategy and intellectual resources of the organization. Also, knowledge and learning should support the organization's business strategy. Originality/Value: The focus of knowledge management so far is more on knowledge enablers, such as Creating a suitable cultural structure for the creation and sharing of knowledge or the development of technologies to facilitate these matters, and much less emphasis on the drivers of knowledge management such as; the mission and strategy of the organization has been realized, which makes knowledge management, although it works very well in its defined area, ultimately does not have a favorable effect on the performance of the organization. This research aims to design a model to develop a knowledge strategy and establish the correct relationship between knowledge strategy and business strategy. Then, the validation of the model will be done by obtaining experts' opinions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvement in human capital is considered as a critical catalyst to economic growth and development in the macroeconomic literature. Specifically, the neoclassical endogenous growth model posits that, growth in human capital impacts positively on output per worker in the long run. Hence, we have presented an empirical model to test the asymmetric effect of foreign direct investment and government health expenditure on population health in Iran using the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model over the period of 1974-2021. The results of estimation of long-term coefficients for positive and negative changes in foreign direct investment and government health expenditure on population health showed that both long-term coefficients are asymmetric, positive and significant. At the same time, there is a positive and significant relationship between trade openness and population health in the long run. Also, the results showed that there is no significant relationship between the relevant variables and the health of the population in the short run.Hence, we have presented an empirical model to test the asymmetric effect of foreign direct investment and government health expenditure on population health in Iran using the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model over the period of 1974-2021. The results of estimation of long-term coefficients for positive and negative changes in foreign direct investment and government health expenditure on population health showed that both long-term coefficients are asymmetric, positive and significant. At the same time, there is a positive and significant relationship between trade openness and population health in the long run. Also, the results showed that there is no significant relationship between the relevant variables and the health of the population in the short run.Extended abstractIntroductionForeign direct investment, as a key factor for globalization and technology diffusion, can play an important role in accelerating structural transformations and human capital accumulation. It is a general belief that economic growth leads to the improvement of human development; It means that foreign direct investment has a major impact on human development due to its relationship with economic development (Gökmenoğlu et al., 2018). Also, Kutluer (2021) believed that foreign direct investment can improve the health status of society when it can bring the effects of economic development such as improving income distribution, increasing the level of knowledge, reducing environmental problems, and increasing the social and cultural well-being of the labor. Government health expenditure is also considered an essential factor in improving health status and even resource distribution. Health expenditure is one of the important factors affecting economic growth and human development, which can, along with other factors, cause the development and improvement of labor performance. Therefore, this paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment and government health expenditures on the health of the population in Iran.Theoretical Framework Studies conducted in the past decades show conflicting evidence and views about the effects of foreign direct investment and government health expenditures on the health of the population.Regarding foreign direct investment, Rodrik et al. (2004) and Kaulihowa & Adjasi (2019) believed that foreign direct investment affects the life expectancy of workers by expanding business opportunities and providing working conditions. Foreign direct investment increases people's income and purchasing power by creating job opportunities in the target country. As a result, their standard of living increases with the improvement of food quality and better health facilities, so foreign direct investment has a very close relationship with human health (Alsan et al., 2006). But Kutluer (2021) showed that the flow of foreign direct investment leads to a decrease in life expectancy. Kumari & Sharma (2018) found that foreign direct investment and GDP do not have a significant effect on population health.Regarding government health expenditures, Nixon & Ulmann (2006), Anyanwu & Erhijakpor (2009), and Kamiya (2010), reported the positive impact of health expenditures on health outcomes. Kim & Lane (2013) showed that there is a positive relationship between public health expenditures and life expectancy. Musgrove (1996) and Fayissa & Gutema (2005) found that an increase in health expenditure has a robust negative effect on life expectancy at birth. Also, Sede & Ohemeng (2015) observed that the impact of government health expenditure on life expectancy is weak.MethodologyFollowing Rahman et al. (2022) we have presented an empirical model to test the asymmetric effects of foreign direct investment and government health expenditure on population health in Iran using the Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model for 1974-2021.Results & DiscussionThe results of the estimation of long-term coefficients of positive and negative changes in foreign direct investment and government health expenditures on life expectancy showed that all long-term coefficients are asymmetric, positive, and significant. The results indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between trade openness and life expectancy in the long term. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the positive changes in foreign direct investment and government health expenditures with life expectancy in the short term, but no significant relationship was seen for the negative changes of the mentioned variables with life expectancy.Conclusions & SuggestionsThe results showed that foreign direct investment and government health expenditures have a positive and significant effect on the health of the population in the long term. Foreign direct investment increases economic growth and leads to the allocation of more resources to education, health care, and infrastructure. Also, more public health services can increase life expectancy. Healthcare expenditure is an essential input for health production performance. Also, the openness of trade plays a significant role in improving national production and population health. In general, the health of the population is an important factor in increasing the productivity of a country, because healthy labor can make a significant contribution to the production and growth of national production. Therefore, the health of citizens is essential, and providing adequate health should be one of the primary goals of governments to achieve economic growth.

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the value of human capital in Iran from 2005 to 2014. In the literature, there are two general approaches for estimating the value of human capital stock: the cost-based approach and the income-based approach. The first approach has been selected by this study. The analytical model developed in this study is mainly based on Jorgenson-Fraumeni’s model. This paper has used Markov transition probability matrix to calculate the probability of movement of people between different levels of education. Also to compute income from work of persons’ data, this study employed Mincerian wage equation. The findings show that the value of human capital in current prices in 2014 is about 244370 trillion Rials. The same figure in 2005 is 63769 trillion Rials. Despite the increase in the value of human capital at current prices in 2005-14, the real value (in 2004 constant prices) dropped from the 53359 to around 45937 trillion Rials. However, in 2004 the estimated value of human capital stock is 13 times more than the physical capital stock and 58 times more than the gross domestic product (GDP). The results also show that for men the share of total value of human capital stock has increased and the same value for women has decreased over ten years (2005-2014). In addition, the results indicate that on the average, about 85 percent of the value of the human capital stock of male belongs to Diploma and less. About 62 percent of the value of the human capital stock of female belongs to Diploma and less.

In recent years, by using extreme value theory (EVT), researchers have estimated the market risk for rare events (crises) more accurately. This paper examines the different methods of measuring market risk at different levels of reliability. According to the assumptions of the EVT methods, measuring the effects of the financial crises on the value of assets requires a lot of time-series observations. Therefore, this paper has used four indices: total index, industry index, the first market index and the second market index of the Tehran stock exchange. The backtesting results showed that among the various methods, semi-parametric approach or the EVT approach in comparison with parametric (EWMA, MA, GARCH) and nonparametric approaches (Historical simulation) is more efficient and has a higher level of reliability. Also HS method shows acceptable results at high confidence level, while in calculating the value at risk in the 0.90 and 0.95 confidence levels, parametric methods (EWMA, MA, GARCH) provide more reliable results. Also the richness of the dynamics of GARCH and EWMA models are much more than the other models. In the next step by incorporating various models, the three models EWMA-EVT, GARCH-EVT and AWHS were made. Backtesting these three patterns showed that, AWHS and EWMA-EVT have provided the best results among various patterns, and have provided acceptable adequacy in estimating the value at risk at all levels of reliability. However; GARCH-EVT model shows acceptable results only in 0.999 reliability level.

The current Paper seeks to study the effects of Relationship quality on customer’s behavioral responses at different stages of the relationship life cycle in Iran's Banking industry. In this respect Agriculture bank of Iran was selected as the target population of the suggested theoretical model of this experiment and 417customers of the bank have participated as the statistical samples to achieve the goals of this paper. Samples were selected using simple random sampling and Research hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling and AMOS software. Findings of the research showed that the quality of bank-customer relationship has positive effects on customer loyalty, word-of-mouth and customer’s share. Also the results of the research showed that by aging of the bank-customer relationship, the effects of relationship quality on word-of-mouth and customer’s loyalty are diminished but the effect of relationship quality on customer’s share is the same at different stages of the relationship life cycle.

Community detection is an important topic for social network analysis and is also essential to understanding complex networks structure. In community detection, the goal is to determine the groups in which the group nodes are densely connected to each other. In this research, deep learning techniques have been used to control graph data with high dimensions, while presenting a comprehensive and integrated architecture of community recognition methods with deep learning. Community detection classic approaches are suitable for networks with low dimensions. Therefore, the reduction of complex network dimensions is counted as a significant topic in community detection. In this paper, in order to reveal the direct and indirect connections among nodes, first a new similarity matrix of network topology is built. Then, a stacked auto-encoder is designed to decrease dimensions based on unsupervised learning. In order to detect communities, various clustering algorithms are then tested and utilized. Evaluation of the proposed research model is performed by surveying various experiments on standard criteria and six real data sets of Karate, Dolphins, Football, Polbooks, Cora and Citeseer. The proposed method evaluation outcomes show a higher accuracy in the identification of communities in the football data set compared to the twelve proposed algorithms used in past researches, and show a significant improvement in other data sets compared to the thirteen algorithms.

Among the various applications of recommender systems, their use in estimating and suggesting points of interest (POIs) for tourists has expanded significantly in recent years. A common approach to identify user interests is to use collaborative filtering (CF) technique. However, the accuracy and efficiency of CF can be improved by applying different parameters and complementary approaches. In this paper, a new solution for promoting POI offers to tourists is presented, which uses a five-dimensional time model including the dimensions of day and night hours, days of the week, days of the month, months of the year, and occasions, and by calculating the Euclidean distance between the time of recommendation and the time of previous experiences of the active user and his similar users identifies and suggests suitable venues. The proposed solution also uses the trust parameter to increase the accuracy of POI suggestion. To improve the accuracy of trust evaluation, a new criterion based on a similarity tree structure between contexts is introduced. The results of experiments conducted on three well-known datasets show that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in term of efficiency and accuracy.

In the last few years, we have witnessed a significant growth of "low-code development platforms" (LCDPs) in attracting the attention of both the market and the academia. LCDPs are visual development platforms that typically run on the cloud, reducing the need for manual coding. They are also used by non-professional developers with limited knowledge in programming to construct applications. In this paper, the characteristics of well-known LCDPs are first studied to evaluate the advantages of this approach. Given that the low-code platforms have many goals and features in common with the model-driven engineering (MDE) approaches, it is necessary to examine the position of these platforms in comparison with the MDE approaches and identify the strengths and weaknesses of both. One of the reasons for the popularity of the LCDP platforms is the use of cloud computing, which most model-driven engineering approaches have failed to achieve. Therefore, in this article, we review the solutions for using cloud computing in MDE to apply these approaches to develop low-code platforms and apply the approach on a modeling language for smart contracts.

Financial instability refers to a situation in which the economy has suffered losses and problems under the influence of asset price fluctuations or the poor performance of financial institutions in fulfilling their obligations. Fluctuations in asset prices and performance in the country's financial markets have led to the spread of instability and this has shown the weak financial depth in the country's financial markets. Based on this, the main goal of this paper was to investigate the effects of financial instability on macroeconomic variables in Iran. For this purpose, the statistical information of the period 1983-2022 has been used based on the frequency of annual data. In order to model the effects of financial instability on macroeconomic variables, the time-varying parameters vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) was used. The financial instability shock was extracted and calculated through the measure of financial conditions based on the combination of interest rate, inflation rate and exchange rate, and was modeled with the autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. In this study, results determined that there is a correlation between financial instability and macroeconomic variables. The results showed that the shock caused by financial instability led to an increase in the interest rate, inflation rate, exchange rate and liquidity growth and also led to a decrease in the growth of consumption, investment and GDP. According to the obtained results, it can be stated that financial instability has caused instability in economic growth by creating inefficiency in the allocation of resources and non-optimal allocation of resources and disrupting the movement of financial resources from savers to investors. As a result, it causes disturbances in macroeconomic variables.

One of the most important issues in the company's value creation process is investment. In this regard, investing in labor force is one of the most important types of investments. As one of the main factors of production, labor is an important tool for economic growth. Labor costs cover almost two-thirds of the added value of the entire economy. In addition to the cost of direct labor, companies also incur significant costs to ensure the health and safety of the workforce at work. Considering the significant direct and indirect costs related to the labor force, effective investment in the labor force is extremely important for companies to remain competitive and gain profitability. This paper examines the relation between firm level business strategy and their labor investment efficiency for the companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. The research methodology is a quantitative and ex-post. Labor investment efficiency was measured using the Pinnuck and Lillis model. 124 companies were selected as the research sample and the data of these companies were used to analysis in the period of 2010-2020. The results of the research regression analysis showed that there is positive and significant relationship between business strategy and labor investment inefficiency; That is, companies with prospector type business strategy exhibit less efficiency in labor investment than companies with defender type. Also, regression results indicated that there is positive and significant relationship between business strategy and overinvestment (underinvestment) in labor; That is, companies with prospector (defender) type business strategy are more involved in overinvestment (underinvestment) in labor. This study suggest that firm level business strategy is one of the factors affecting the labor investment efficiency and decision makers (including investors to buy or sell stocks and legislators in the field of employment) should pay special attention to firm level business strategy.

The main purpose of the paper is to examine the relation between financial reporting Transparency and value relevance of accounting information. In order to measure financial reporting transparency in this paper, three important qualitative of accounting information, specially earning is used which improve financial reporting Transparency. These proxies are unsmoothing, earning predictability, accrual quality. In order to make assurance of results on each proxy, component index is made. The study used the Ohlson valuation model (1995) to examine value relevance of accounting information. After adjusting for outliers, a sample consists of 78 firms over 2006 to 2013 were studied. The findings indicate that financial accounting transparency has significant and positive effect on value relevance of accounting information. The results could encourage managers, who are interested in attracting more capital at lower costs, to improve the level of financial reporting transparency. This may lead to store investor confidence and increase the number of investors in Tehran Security Exchange and ultimately, bring growth and prosperity for the community.

This paper aims to evaluate the reaction of petrochemical and petroleum products markets (traded on the Iran Mercantile Exchange) to the removal of price ceilings imposed on it. After the implementation of targeted subsidies project and respective currency fluctuations in Iran, government imposed price controls on petrochemical market to prevent inflationary pressures of those events. Analysis of available data shows that after the price adjustment and the removal of price ceilings, the quantity of products supplied has increased and the quantity of products demanded has decreased. In particular, the demand for polymer and chemical products has decreased sharply by an amount of 80 and 57 percent respectively. Moreover, the share of speculative trading has decreased while the share of competitive trading has increased. Comparing the prices discovered in Iran Mercantile Exchange and the black market prices shows that a fraction of consumers have purchased the required raw materials from black market. The results of panel data model show that the removal of the price ceilings has had a significant negative effect on the excess demand in the petrochemical and petroleum markets: the excess demand (more than 3 thousand tones) has turned into an excess supply (156 tones). Removing the price limits has had the greatest impact on polymer products market where an excess demand of 4.76 thousand tones has turned into an excess supply of 29 tones. On the whole, the results of this paper show that the price ceiling policy had significant effects and it has had considerable distortionary effects on the market.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of information and communication technologies in each step of Nonaka’s knowledge creation model and also the effects of knowledge sharing on innovation and collective learning among organization's staffs. To do so, we propose a framework based on the Nonaka’s model of knowledge creation to analyze the relationships between information and communication technologies, knowledge management and process innovation and product innovation. After that, we tested this framework in Hacoupian Corporation which has a wide use of information and communication technologies and also is an innovative firm. In this paper, qualitative research method was used to collect data from Semi-structured interviews with a number of staff. The results show that different types of information and communication technologies are used in Hacoupian Corporation and the combinations of these technologies has a positive effects on socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization of employees and leads to product innovations and process innovation.