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Background and purpose: Cleft lip and cleft palate are the most common congenital defects in the jaw and face. These defects can make serious problems, such as facial deformity, nutritional problems, respiratory problems, and difficulties with social interaction. Awareness of the incidence of these defects in the community is important. In a systematic review and meta-analysis we aimed at investigating the prevalence of cleft lip and cleft palate in Iran. Materials and methods: An advanced search was conducted in all credible databases to access relevant articles using related keywords until February 1, 2018. After removing the duplicate, irrelevant, and poor quality papers, 17 articles were included. Data were analyzed applying random effects model in RevMan5.3 software. Results: Total number of samples in selected articles was 1,077,537 neonates. Prevalence of oral cleft, both cleft lip and cleft palate, cleft lip, and cleft palate was 1.24 (CI 95%; 1.10-1.38), 0.88 (CI 95%; 0.70-1.06), 0.34 (CI 95%; 0.28-0.40), and 0.35 (CI 95%; 0.27-0.43) in 1000 live births. The prevalence of this disorder was found to be higher in males (1.82 vs. 1.09). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of cleft lip and cleft palate in this study was lower than that in other countries in the Middle East and Asia. But its prevalence varies in different parts of Iran, therefore, it is necessary to investigate the risk factors in high risk areas and making appropriate plans to reduce the rate of cleft lip and cleft palate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Premarital sex is forbidden legally, culturally, and religiously in Iran. Compared to other youth, this behavior is less common among religious youth and theists. This study aimed at providing a systematic review of the relation between religion and spirituality and premarital sex among youth in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, PubMed, Scopus, PreQuest, Google Scholar, Magiran, Irandoc, and SID databases were searched for articles published until April 2017 using some keywords, including premarital sexual relationship, religion, spiritual, etc. All papers on the relation between religious, spirituality, and premarital sex among Iranian youth were investigated. We found 162 articles, from which 13 were selected based on the study’s inclusion criteria. Afterwards, qualitative analysis of data was conducted. Results: A total of 8636 youth had been studied in 13 quantitative studies. Many studies had investigated the relationship between religion and premarital sex (53.85%). Other studies included the association between religion and the attitudes towards premarital sex and the desire for that. Conclusion: Compared to other countries, there are few studies on the relation between religion and spirituality and youth sexual behavior in Iran. According to the importance of premarital sexual relation among Iranian youths, and heterogeneity of information on this subject in previous studies, further researches are required with strong methodologies and more culturally appropriate tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Screening for congenital hypothyroidism in newborns is carried out with TSH measurement of blood samples from newborn heel in Mazandaran province since 2006. This paper reports the status of these children until the end of 2012. Materials and methods: The study was performed in 2013-2014 using current information. Babies with TSH levels greater than 5 mU / L were treated with levothyroxine for three years. If the drug was stopped abruptly or gradually in three years and normal TSH achieved the disease was regarded transient, otherwise the patients were considered for lifelong follow-up treatments. For data analysis SPSS V.16 was applied. Results: During this period, 269088 infants were screened. Among the cases 548 (54.4% male) were diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism. The results showed that infants who were treated at each time interval were 43% of permanent and 57% transient hypothyroidism. Age at onset therapy in 95% of cases was before 60 days. The mean time to start treatment was 20.8 ± 10 days. No significant relationship was found between the sex and permanent or transient hypothyroidism. Conclusion: The screening program for congenital hypothyroidism is being performed successfully in Mazandaran province. In some cases, the dosage of drugs and infants' follow-up intervals varied even between physicians. Also, levothyroxine is either not prescribed according to the infant's weight or is recorded incorrectly. Follow-up procedures and the decision to discontinue treatment were not similar at 3 years of age of the subjects. Physicians should be informed for the strict implementation of the guidelines of the Ministry of Health. To obtain more accurate information cases of death or immigration should not be removed from the statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Cleft lip and cleft palate are the most common congenital defects in the jaw and face. These defects can make serious problems, such as facial deformity, nutritional problems, respiratory problems, and difficulties with social interaction. Awareness of the incidence of these defects in the community is important. In a systematic review and meta-analysis we aimed at investigating the prevalence of cleft lip and cleft palate in Iran. Materials and methods: An advanced search was conducted in all credible databases to access relevant articles using related keywords until February 1, 2018. After removing the duplicate, irrelevant, and poor quality papers, 17 articles were included. Data were analyzed applying random effects model in RevMan5.3 software. Results: Total number of samples in selected articles was 1,077,537 neonates. Prevalence of oral cleft, both cleft lip and cleft palate, cleft lip, and cleft palate was 1.24 (CI 95%; 1.10-1.38), 0.88 (CI 95%; 0.70-1.06), 0.34 (CI 95%; 0.28-0.40), and 0.35 (CI 95%; 0.27-0.43) in 1000 live births. The prevalence of this disorder was found to be higher in males (1.82 vs. 1.09). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of cleft lip and cleft palate in this study was lower than that in other countries in the Middle East and Asia. But its prevalence varies in different parts of Iran, therefore, it is necessary to investigate the risk factors in high risk areas and making appropriate plans to reduce the rate of cleft lip and cleft palate.

Background and Aim: Premarital sex is forbidden legally, culturally, and religiously in Iran. Compared to other youth, this behavior is less common among religious youth and theists. This study aimed at providing a systematic review of the relation between religion and spirituality and premarital sex among youth in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, PubMed, Scopus, PreQuest, Google Scholar, Magiran, Irandoc, and SID databases were searched for articles published until April 2017 using some keywords, including premarital sexual relationship, religion, spiritual, etc. All papers on the relation between religious, spirituality, and premarital sex among Iranian youth were investigated. We found 162 articles, from which 13 were selected based on the study’s inclusion criteria. Afterwards, qualitative analysis of data was conducted. Results: A total of 8636 youth had been studied in 13 quantitative studies. Many studies had investigated the relationship between religion and premarital sex (53.85%). Other studies included the association between religion and the attitudes towards premarital sex and the desire for that. Conclusion: Compared to other countries, there are few studies on the relation between religion and spirituality and youth sexual behavior in Iran. According to the importance of premarital sexual relation among Iranian youths, and heterogeneity of information on this subject in previous studies, further researches are required with strong methodologies and more culturally appropriate tools.