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Objective (s): Dysmenorrhea is a common problem among young girls and leads to several limitations for this age group including limitations in daily activities and failure to attend to school. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with dysmenorrhea among young girls in Iran. Methods: All research conducted on the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Iran, regardless of timeframe were examined. Dysmenorrhea, prevalence, incidence and menstrual disorders were used as key words for search strategy. Results: In all 310 studies were identified and after excluding irrelevant papers 9 papers included in this review. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was found to be conducted 70% [59%-82%]. Studies showed that increased fluid, sweets, fruits and vegetables intake was reduced dysmenorrhea. Two studies also showed significant relationship between the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and family history. Conclusion: There was no consistent reporting of prevalence of dysmenorrhea among Iranian girls. Due to lack of sufficient knowledge on the prevalence and pattern of dysmenorrhea, the topic deserves further investigation.

Background & Aim: Needlestick injury is an occupational risk. Medical university students are more likely to prone to this kind of injury in comparison to other students due to their limited knowledge, skills and clinical experiences. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of needlestick injury in medical university students in Iran. Methods & Materials: In the present systematic review and metaanalysis, 22 papers written by Iranian researchers published in Persian and English, were included without time limitations. The articles were found by searching Iranian (Magiran, Scientific Information Databases (SID) and IranMedex) and international (Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus) databases. Data were analyzed using meta-analysis method and the random effects model. Results: The overall prevalence of needlestick injury among medical university students was 47% (95% CI: 39-55). There was no relationship between vaccine coverage, age of samples, and sample size with the prevalence of needlestick injury. The prevalence of needlestick injuries significantly decreased with increase in the publication years of articles (P=0.03), and significantly increased (P=0.049) with lack of reporting. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of needlestick injury in the students of medical sciences universities, it is of great necessity to design educational programs focusing on the proper use of sharp and cutting instruments as well as the importance of reporting and modifying professional behavior such as avoiding the reinsertion of needles in order to reduce the incidence rate of needlestick injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background COVID-19 was first reported in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly throughout the world including Iran. Objective The purpose of this paper is to predict the prevalence of coronavirus and the number of confirmed cases and deaths in Iran based on the theory of chaos and measuring the Lyapunov exponent. Methods In this analytical study, the number of confirmed cases, recovered patients, total tests, and deaths between February 20 and May 30, 2020 were collected daily from the website of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The prevalence rate and the time to reach saturation in a short period were estimated using a formula using Lyapunov exponent and the initial and final number of confirmed cases in Matlab software. Findings Simulation of all confirmed cases between 20 February 2020 to 4 May 2020 show the number of people infected with the coronavirus would be close to saturation, but in end of May 2020 the number of people with the disease re-entered the second phase of increase. The slope of the simulation curve decreases in the second phase and the virus spreads in May at a slower rate than in the first phase (April). The simulation diagram of the total confirmed patients to the total number of tests performed also shows the entry into the second phase of increasing in May. Conclusion Simulation results of all confirmed cases and total deaths in Iran, using chaos theory and the Lyapunov-based model, can properly represent the real data and can predict the trend of spread and time to approach saturation in a short time. Sensitivity to the initial condition in the equation by changing the quarantine restrictions and the observance of health protocols causes a change in the rate of total number of confirmed patients enters the third or fourth increasing phase. Also, based on the calculated deaths, it is predicted that the total number of deaths at the end of May will reach less than 5% of the total number of people who have recovered and died.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Amblyopia is one of the common eye diseases in children and the risk of vision loss is possible. Therefore, the aim of this study is systematic review and meta-analysis in order to align the studies on the prevalence of amblyopia in Iranian children. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis relevant articles in scientific databases including SID, Science Direct and Medline (PubMed) and Google Scholar in March 1999- February 2017, using the Persian and English Keywords of Amblyopia, children, Iran. FINDINGS: In the review of internal and external journals and search on SID databases 22 articles, PubMed 126 articles, Science Direct 112 articles and 116 Google Scholar search engines were obtained. Then the articles that had the initial conditions for entry into the study were 162 cases based on preliminary studies, with the elimination of 214 repetitive articles. Finally, removing 120 articles unrelated to the topic of the study and removing 24 articles in the secondary studies ultimately 18 papers entered the meta-analysis process. The overall Prevalence of amblyopia in Iranian children was 5.4 % (Cl-95%: 3.1%-9.1%). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the prevalence of amblyopia in Iranian children is high.

Background & Aim: Needlestick injury is an occupational risk. Medical university students are more likely to prone to this kind of injury in comparison to other students due to their limited knowledge, skills and clinical experiences. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of needlestick injury in medical university students in Iran. Methods & Materials: In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, 22 papers written by Iranian researchers published in Persian and English, were included without time limitations. The articles were found by searching Iranian (Magiran, Scientific Information Databases (SID) and IranMedex) and international (Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus) databases. Data were analyzed using meta-analysis method and the random effects model. Results: The overall prevalence of needlestick injury among medical university students was 47% (95% CI: 39-55). There was no relationship between vaccine coverage, age of samples, and sample size with the prevalence of needlestick injury. The prevalence of needlestick injuries significantly decreased with increase in the publication years of articles (P=0.03), and significantly increased (P=0.049) with lack of reporting. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of needlestick injury in the students of medical sciences universities, it is of great necessity to design educational programs focusing on the proper use of sharp and cutting instruments as well as the importance of reporting and modifying professional behavior such as avoiding the reinsertion of needles in order to reduce the incidence rate of needlestick injuries.

Objective (s): Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide. This review was carried out to assess obesity among Iranian primary school students. Methods: All cross-sectional studies that conducted on prevalence of obesity in adolescents in Iran without any restrictions was examined. The search engines included national and international databases including: Magiran, SID, Iranmedex, Scopus and PubMed in August 2015. Stata software version 12 was used for analysis of data and to obtain a summary measure. Results: In all 25 papers had the inclusion criteria for the study. Studies showed that the prevalence of obesity in Iranian primary school students was 7.18 percent (95% CI: 5.63-8.73). The prevalence of obesity was higher in boys than girls (8.02% vs. 6.07 %). Conclusion: This information might help to implement interventions to prevent obesity among Iranian primary school students. It seems that implementing interventions that aim to improve lifestyle and dietary patterns of this age group range are essential.