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Background Research theses can have a significant impact on the development of applied sciences, especially when their results are published. Objective This study aims to determine publication rate of papers extracted from the medical residency and master’s degree theses of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS) during 2008-2018. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were collected from the medical residency and master’s degree theses of GUMS from 2008 to 2018. Then, they were searched in international and national databases according to the title, keywords, and names of supervisors, advisors, and students. Results Of 774 theses, 449 (58 %) papers had been extracted and published in journals indexed by ISI/ PubMed (41.2%), Scopus (11.8%), BIOSIS, Chemical Abstract, and Embase (0.44%) and others (46.56%). Most of them (98.66%) were original research. Moreover, in 383(85.3%) of the theses, there was no statistician or data advisor. The median time from defending theses to the publication of a paper from them was two years. Conclusion The publication of papers extracted from the theses of GUMS has increased, and more than 50% of them have been published in journals indexed by ISI, PubMed, and Scopus. However, the factors associated with the publication of papers need to be surveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Paper recycling is currently considered as one of the most important solutions for environmentally friendly and sustainable paper production. This process not only reduces the consumption of resources like water, energy, and virgin fibers but also contributes leads to a decrease in pollution. As a result, the paper recycling rate is continuously increasing in various countries, further emphasizing its importance in achieving a greener and more sustainable paper industry. Recycled paper is predominantly utilized in the production of packaging paper and board. However, it is crucial for these paper products to possess not only dry strength but also the ability to maintain the necessary strength when exposed to wet conditions, especially for packaging goods that require cold or freezing storage. To achieve this, various techniques such as refining and additives consumptions can be employed. The objective of this study is to explore the individual impact of each factor, as well as their interaction effects, in order to enhance the properties of office deinked pulp (DIP) for the production of packaging paperboard in order to improve the overall characteristics and performance of the packaging paperboard. Materials and Methods: DIP, sourced from Latif Paper Company, was subjected to refining until it reached an SR value of 30. The additives including cationic corn starch (at four levels of 1%, 1.4%, 2%, and 3% based on the dry weight of pulp), wet strength resin (at three levels of 1%, 2%, and 3% based on the dry weight of pulp), and AKD (at three levels of 1%, 2%, and 3% based on the dry weight of pulp), were individually incorporated into the pulp suspension. Handsheets were made with the basis weight of 120 g/m2 . To evaluate and compare the impact of the optimal additive treatment on the treated pulp, various tests were conducted on the handsheets. These tests included measuring water absorption, tensile strength, burst strength, tear strength, wet strength retention, and absolute wet strength retention. The relative retention strength was determined by assessing the independent effects of each treatment on the tensile strength, burst strength, and tear strength of handsheets under both wet and dry conditions. Results: The impact of refining on the strength of handsheets made from DIP was found to be statistically significant in dry conditions. The results demonstrated that incorporating 2wt% cationic corn starch into the refined pulp led to the improved performance, particularly in terms of tear strength, compared to the independent factor of refining alone. Additionally, the utilization of wet strength resin and AKD showed a remarkable increase in the strength of handsheets under wet conditions, as well as a significant reduction in water absorption when compared to the control sample. Furthermore, employing both refining and the optimal combination treatment of additives - including 2wt% cationic corn starch, 3wt% wet strength resin, and 1wt% AKD - simultaneously resulted in a significant enhancement in both the wet and dry strength of the handsheets, as well as a decrease in water absorption. This indicates that the combined treatment presented a positive effect on the overall performance of the handsheets. Conclusions: The application of the optimal combination treatment, which involved refining DIP and adding additives simultaneously, resulted in the improvement of all handsheet properties when compared to the control sample. This enhanced handsheet could be suitable for packaging products that require refrigeration or freezing conditions. In dry state, the strength of the handsheets exceeded the standard strength of bleached kraft paper as per Iran national standard no. 2875, with the exception of tear strength. The evaluation of absolute relative retention wet strength indicated that the performance of the combination treatment was highly favorable compared to previous research reports. The combination treatment remarkably reduced water absorption of the handsheet by 22 g/m², making it suitable for paper storage in freezing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, with the help of Heidegger and Foucault's conceptual tools, as well as the achievements of the cognitive science, we try to examine the transition from paper reading to digital reading. This discussion can be a preparation for a philosophical understanding of the digital age. We show that Heidegger's analysis of the ready-to-hand beings and technology can help to understand the reading behaviors of paper and digital readers. We have also use Heidegger's analytical framework for text ontology. On the other hand, Foucault's reflections on the embodied technologies can explain the power-knowledge relationships that is constructed around the reader. In addition, the cognitive science has provided detailed empirical findings on the effects of reading behaviors on the human cognitive biases and skills by examining the various modes of reading. Embodied and skillful cognitive science, by going beyond the computational understanding of human beings, has noticed the various behaviors and states of the body in reading processes and highlighted their effects. To integrate these areas of research, we try to place the findings of the cognitive science within the framework of Heidegger and Foucault's technological understanding of the modern power-knowledge relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Change in the food consumption’s pattern and the widespread use of the fast foods, as well as, the globalization of the food trade and the transportation of food over the long distances have brought great challenges to the safety and quality of the foods. One of the most important uses of the papers is the food packaging industry to keep the health and quality of the packaged materials from the production step to the customer. The extract of medicinal plants has the ability to create antibacterial properties. In this research, rosemary extract was used to produce the antibacterial papers. Extraction of plant was done by using soxhlet extractor and ultrasonic. In the soxhlet method, the dry powder was extracted at 4 and 6 hours and in the ultrasonic method, 40 and 60 powers were used for extraction. Then the papers were treated with plant extract prepared in two amounts of 15 and 20% based on the dry weight of the paper. The antibacterial properties of the papers were investigated with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. All the papers treated with rosemary extracted by soxhlet method showed antibacterial property. Inhibition zone of bacteria was formed for both of them. The maximum diameter of the Inhibition zone for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with 6 hours’ extraction and the consumption amount of 20% was 22 and 20 mm. In the treated paper with rosemary extracted by ultrasonic method, the maximum diameter of the Inhibition zone for Escherichia coli bacteria was 20 mm in 40A and 9 min. Also, the highest diameter of the Inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was 20 mm in 40A and 9 min. Gas chromatography confirmed the presence of antibacterial substances including, Borneol, Camphor, and Bornyl acetate in rosemary extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most preventable causes of mental retardation throughout the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of filter paper in screening for congenital hypothyroidism and to determine an appropriate cut-off point for filter TSH for recalling screened neonates. Methods: In this cross-sectional study (descriptive analytic), the records of 2739 neonates who had been recalled during the CH screening program in the east of Tehran, Iran (health care centers of the Iran University of Medical Sciences), from March 2011 to March 2015, were studied. According to the CH screening program in Iran, the TSH on filter paper>5 is the current cut-off point for recalling the neonates. The data was analyzed with SPSS software, version 21. The ROC curve was used to determine the TSH cut-off point and the sensitivity and specificity of the filter test. The relationship between the filter and serum TSH was also determined. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Iran University of Medical Sciences. Results: The recall rate was 5.4%. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 3/1000 neonates (164). The prevalence in males and females was 51.1% and 48.9%, respectively, with no significant difference. The number of recalled neonates diagnosed as patients with congenital hypothyroidism based on the filter TSH level was 5

Background and aim: Co-authorship increases the possibility of visibility of articles and reflection of their findings in the research of others. The aim of the present study was to determine the number of authors and the number of citations of hot papers in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) in the Web of Science (WOS). Materials and methods: This quantitative study was conducted using the scientometric approach. The research community consisted of 3,475 hot papers in the field of science in WOS from 2020 to 2021. The Spearman correlation coefficient test was used to examine the relationship between the citations of the articles and the number of authors. Data were collected and analyzed using BibExcel, Excel, and SPSS. Findings: The hot papers showed a wide range, from one to 2718 authors. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the number of authors and the number of citations of hot papers in the field of science (p= 0.000, n= 3475, r= 0.161). Therefore, statistically, there was a positive correlation between the two variables. Conclusion: Higher scientific collaboration in hot articles increases the number of citations and ultimately increases the visibility of these articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Wastewater treatment of paper recycling and cardboard industries with the aim of water recycling and reducing environmental impact is one of the daily needs of industries. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to optimize the conditions of coagulation and flocculation process in wastewater treatment of paper recycling industries using the response surface method. Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, response surface method and central composite design were used to design the experiments and to determine the effects of the studied variables (pH, concentrations of alum, Poly aluminum chloride (PAC), and cationic polymer) on the total suspended solid (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency. Data analysis was done using ANOVA statistical test with a significant level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that in the combination of PAC with cationic polymer (optimal conditions; pH=7.5, PAC concentration=450 mg/L, cationic polymer concentration=1.5 mg/L), the TSS and COD removal efficiency were 97.34% and 75.76%, respectively. In combination of alum with cationic polymer (optimal conditions; pH=8.5, alum concentration=550 mg/L, cationic polymer concentration=2 mg/L), removal efficiencies were 98.96% and 77.83%, respectively. The simultaneous effects of two independent variables, pH and concentration, had a significant effect (p<0.05) in removing TSS and COD variables. Conclusion: The results showed that the combination of PAC with cationic polymer had a better efficiency. Also, the COD and TSS in the final effluent were higher and lower than the standard values, respectively. Therefore, chemical coagulation process is proposed as pretreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: It is necessary to study the emerging trends and areas of knowledge and to predict the direction of future research on the concept of health literacy in order to promote community health. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of mapping research knowledge in the field of health literacy and showing the structure of knowledge and their evolution over time. Materials and Methods: This scientometrics research was conducted using Co-word analysis technique includes the steps include: Data retrieval, Data analysis and Mapping and Visualization Papers from the MEDLINE database during (1970-2018) retrieved and analyzed. The bibliographic data analyzed using the visualization of similarities technique by text-mining and visualization techniques of VOS viewer. Results: A total of 7,429 documents, growth of scientific publications related to the field of health literacy has been increased rapidly over the past 10 years and continues to grow in recent years. The stronger studies were mainly conducted at research institutions of higher education in the Canada and United States. Four Core authors groups with a higher influence were identified. The keyword of “communication”, “depression”, “health education”, and “internet” had respectively the highest frequency. The results of cluster analysis identified and categorized them into three major clusters. Health literacy field had a close relationship with the lifestyle dimensions, health information technology, mental health literacy and chronic diseases. Conclusions: Given the interdisciplinary nature of health literacy the areas of education, health, Information Communication Technology (ICT) science, and mental health will help the cooperation of experts in these areas to enrich scientific research and make them more applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Paper recycling saves energy, and it is an example of resistance economy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine knowledge, attitude and practice of Sari Training Hospital personnel on paper recycling and resistance economy. Materials and Methods: In the present descriptive study, conducted in 2017, 151 staff of Sari Training Hospital were selected in census method and their views regarding paper recycling and resistance economy were investigated through a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Results: 113 people (74.8%) considered recycling as an example of resistance economy. There was also a significant relationship between doing recycling at work and familiarity with the concept of resistance economy (p=0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed that more than 70% of people have adequate knowledge and attitude about paper recycling, but they need training in terms of performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of various treatments with cellulose nanocrystals (NCC) and ZnO during papermaking and coating with these nanomaterials and polycaprolactone (PCL) on the barrier properties of the papers was investigated. The samples were studied by field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) devices. In this research the nanomaterials and the polymer with specified condition (4%, 6% NCC, 3% ZnO and 10% PCL) were added to the paper pulps during the papermaking and also as a coating agent. Cationic polyacrylamide used as a nanomaterials retention aid in the papermaking process. the results showed the barrier properties (water absorption, air permeability and grease absorption) of the treated papers were improved but the effect of NCC% increment was more clear in the enhancement of the barrier properties and the treated papers with the nanomaterials mixture had the best barrier properties. furthermore the barrier properties of the coated papers were enhanced with the nanomaterials addition and the NCC nanoparticles had the main role, also the mixture of nanomaterials and PCL had the best barrier properties. Also, the barrier properties of the coated papers were higher than the treated papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writing for a child's theater represents one of the most complex types of literary writing, as the discourse directed to the child requires several requirements, perhaps the most prominent of which is a real awareness of the child's psychology, especially in the early stages of his life, and perhaps one of the most important forms of child theater interaction is puppet theater, hence the title of this research entitled (The role of puppet theater texts in developing the linguistic dictionary for children: Faris the feisty and wondrous paper as a model). The researcher built the hypothesis of his research with the following question: Do theater texts contribute Dolls in the development of the linguistic dictionary for children? In the theoretical topic, our research dealt with two topics, the first of which was entitled the concept of puppet theater and its implications for the educational culture of the child, and the second was the linguistic development of children through puppet theater. As for the procedural chapter, it was devoted to analyzing a theatrical sample (Faris the feisty and wondrous paper as a model) and the fourth chapter was for the results and conclusions.and concluded the search with a list of sources and references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layer by layer self-assembly techniqueis one of the newest methods to produce multilayer films relying on the placement of the liquid layers on solid substance. The purpose of this studies is to manufacture multilayer kraftbased on protein biopolymers (zein and whey isolate protein) containing of green tea extract phenolic compounds by utilizing layer by layer self- assembly technique and evaluation antibacterial, physical-mechanical properties and release of phenolic compounds from coated kraft at refrigerator temperature inpH of4.5 and 7. The minimum inhibitory concentrationof green tea powder demonstrates thatEscherichia coli (5mg/ml) compared to Listeria monocytogenes (10mg/ml) is more sensitive. The results of physical properties ofkrafts coated paper showed that thickness, grammage and bulk density increased by coating process. Also, the presence of zein in outer layer caused a significant reduction in WVP and increased air resistance. Evaluation of phenolic compounds release from coated krafts demonstrated that release rate in acidic food stimulant was more than the neutral one. Also, release content of kraft paper with zein as outer layers respect to whey isolated protein was higher in the first days and continued in a longer time. Log reduction value of coated kraft with active bilayer zein against Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogeneswas 0.25 and 0.06 respectively. According to the results of this study, active zein bilayer kraft is recommended as a carrier of phenolic compounds for the packaging of food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a simple and sensitive colorimetric sensor towards pH changes for the detection of fish spoilage during storage at room and refrigeration temperature is presented. Colorimetric sensor was developed using Whatman filter paper No. 1 and water soluble anthocyanin pigments extracted from red cabbage. Fish spoilage was monitored based on anthocyanin color change in various pH. Microbial growth during storage and production of proteolytic enzymes resulted in protein degradation, accumulation of volatile amine compounds, increase in the pH and finally color change of anthocyanin-impregnated filter paper. Color change was measured using the CIELab method. The colorimetric sensor was validated by measuring total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) levels, peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and microbial populations in fish samples. Results indicated that the values of TVBN, pH, PV and TBARS increased with time of storage which was evidence of fish spoilage development. Also, the results were in accordance with color change of colorimetric sensor during storage and showed that proposed system enjoys a high sensitivity to pH variations. Therefore, the simple colorimetric sensor is capable to use in intelligent packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Common zinnia (Zinnia elegans), canna (Canna sp.), petunia (Petunia hybrida), compacta (Dracaena Compacta), dahlia (Dahlia sp.), gazania (Gazania sp.), marigold (Tagetes sp.), rose moss (Portulaca grandiflora) and nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) are common ornamental plants in Ahwaz. The identification of fungi associated with these plants will contribute to improving the future management of their cultivation. Members of the genera Amesia and Chaetomium are widely distributed in soil, water, plants, animals and humans. In this study, 12 isolates from Chaetomium and Amesia genera, obtained from herbaceous ornamentals, were identified based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis. Materials and methods: During 2017-2018, 40 symptomatic plants, showing root rot, stem canker and leaf spot, were collected and their associated fungi were isolated. Among those, 12 chaetomiaceae-like isolates were obtained, which their morphological and molecular characterizations were surveyed. Mycelial biomass of the isolates, produced into potatodextrose- broth (PDB), was collected by passing through filter paper and freeze-dried. ITS and partial regions of the 28s-D1/D2 (for 4 isolates) and tub2 (for 9 isolates) were amplified using appropriate primers and sequenced. Results: The isolates under survey were compared with known strains using BLASTn search and phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, 28S and tub2 regions. Accordingly, the isolates under study were identified as follows: Amesia atrobrunnea, Chaetomium rectangulare, C. globosum, C. ascotrichoides and C. olivaceum. The morphological characteristics of these isolates were in accordance with the type strains of each species. Discussion and conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first record of C. ascotrichoides in Iran and the association of C. rectangulare on compacta, C. globosum on zinnia and canna, C. ascotrichoides on petunia, C. olivaceum on common zinnia, nasturtium and marigold in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Due to the increasing need for agricultural products, protection of products against pathogens and preventing them from being wasted is important. Studies on droplet charging systems result in the reduction of chemical usage and an increase in the deposition of droplets on the target. Conventional sprayers used in Iran have numerous disadvantages such as drift, environmental pollution, lack of complete and homogeneous coverage of the spraying surface, phytotoxicity, and crop losses. Therefore, evaluation of new spraying methods and using a variety of electrical sprayers as alternatives to conventional spraying is essential. This study aims to design, construct, and optimize the performance of the electrodynamic head of an atomizer motorized knapsack sprayer, and study the effects of the angle of the target position, spraying distance, and wind speed on the performance of the electrodynamic sprayer. Materials and Methods Experiments were performed in an agricultural machinery workshop at The Department of Biosystems Engineering, the University of Kurdistan, Iran, with an atomizer motorized knapsack sprayer equipped with an electrodynamic head. The effect of some factors including wind speed, spraying angle, and spraying distance on deposition, coverage percentage, and uniformity of spraying were investigated. These effects were investigated to determine the uniformity coefficient of total spraying. Design Expert 8.0.6 Trial software was used to design the experiments based on central composite design and to analyze the data. The investigated factors and levels were: the distance of nozzles from the target (at three levels of 2, 4, and 6 m), the angle of the target position (at three levels of 0, 45, and 90 degrees), and wind speed (at three levels of 2.5, 3, and 3.5 m s-1). Water-sensitive paper cards were used to evaluate the quality of the spraying. The cards were scanned and magnified with an Olympus SZX12 Stereo Microscope equipped with an objective lens of X1 and a total magnification of 7X. The characteristics of droplet size were determined using Mountains Map Trial and Deposit Scan software. Results and Discussion The maximum value of the total spraying uniformity coefficient was equal to 1.95 for the spraying angle of 0 degrees, the distance of 6 meters, and the speed of 3.5 meters per second. Meanwhile, the lowest value of the spray uniformity coefficient of 1.18 was obtained for the test conditions of 90 degrees, distance of 2 m, and speed of 2.5 m s-1, respectively. Based on analysis of variance for the two-factor interactions model (P-value less than 0.0001, explanation coefficient 0.9383, absolute explanation coefficient 0.910, standard deviation 0.0590, and coefficient of variation 3.790%). It can be stated that this model is highly accurate in predicting the uniformity of the total spraying, and the linear components of spraying angle and spraying distance, as well as the interaction of spraying angle x spraying distance and spraying distance x wind speed, significantly affect the uniformity of the total spraying (p<0.05). Nevertheless, the linear component of wind speed and the interaction between wind speed and spraying angle had no significant effect on the changes in the uniformity coefficient of the total spray. According to the variance analysis table (F-values), spraying distance has a far greater effect on the spraying uniformity coefficient than the spraying angle. It has been observed that the spraying uniformity coefficient will increase by increasing the spraying distance and decreasing the spraying angle. It can also be stated that the linear components of spraying angle and spraying distance, the interaction component of spraying angle x spraying distance, and the square power of the components of spraying distance and wind speed have a significant effect on surface coverage. The values of R², Adj-R², CV, and PRESS for the model adapted to the test data of leaf surface coverage percentage were obtained as 0.9929, 0.9865, 4.87%, and 188.61, respectively. Among the three input variables, the spraying distance has the greatest effect on the coverage of water-sensitive papers. At larger spraying angles, especially 90 degrees, the coverage decreased with the increasing distance. At spray angle of 90 degrees, by increasing the distance from 2 to 4 m, the spray uniformity coefficient increased from 1.18 at a wind speed of 2.5 m s-1 to 1.84 at a wind speed of 3.5 m s-1. However, at smaller spraying angles (for example zero-degree angle), at first, the spraying coverage increases with the increase of the spraying distance from 2 to 3 m and then sharply decreases afterward. According to the contours of spray coverage, in the spray distance range of 4 to 6 m and regardless of wind speed, the spray coverage does not vary with the increase of the spraying angle (p< 0.05). Meanwhile, in the spray distance range of 2 to 4 m, with the increase of the spraying angle, the spraying coverage increases significantly (p<0.05). Overall, increasing the distance between the sprayer and the target decreased the surface coverage on the target, and in electrodynamic spraying, the uniformity of particle deposition on the underside of the target was relatively the same as on the upper side. Conclusion To improve the performance of the atomizer motorized knapsack sprayer, an electrodynamic spraying head was designed and built, and its performance was optimized using the response surface method (RSM) with a central composite design. During the research process, the influence of the independent parameters such as the distance between the nozzle and the target, the angle of the target position, and the wind speed on the variables including spraying uniformity, the percentage of the spraying coverage, and the percentage of changes in the total spraying coefficient were discussed and investigated. The results of the research led to the determination of the 3.5 m s-1 wind speed, 2.5 m sprayer distance, and 90 degrees spraying angle with 0.792 desirability, which were considered as the optimal performance conditions of the electrodynamic spraying head. The results of laboratory validation for optimal conditions show that the uniformity of total spraying indicated by the total relative span factor (RSFT) and the percentage of spraying coverage (Cov) are equal to 1.65 and 28.27%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ingestion of dental appliances is a rare situation in dentistry, making up 6.6 percent of all ingested objects, but it can lead to severe complications, especially among adults, elderly patients, and people with mental disabilities. Devices such as flipper prostheses, prostheses, and restorations may become dislodged and result in foreign body impingement. Clinical examinations, including laryngo-pharyngoscopy, esophagoscopy, and radiography may be required in such cases. Swallowed prostheses may also be found using computed tomography. However, prosthetic elements may not be detected on CT scan. It is estimated that approximately 92% of these swallowed objects go through the gastrointestinal tract, and 60% of them reach the stomach. However, those that remain in the oropharynx can cause edema, esophageal erosions, perforation, airway obstruction, and even death. In addition, clips attached to the denture increase the risk of the perforation of the esophagus or intestine. Swallowing dentures may occur in adults as the sensitivity of the oral cavity and laryngopharynx decreases by using dentures for a long time. The current paper presents a case report about ingesting a removable flipper prosthesis in a 48- year-old woman without any severe problems. The woman with epigastric pain was referred to the emergency department due to swallowing her flipper prosthesis. She mentioned that she was eating dinner and after swallowing, she suddenly noticed that her flipper prosthesis was missing from her upper jaw. The arc was observed in her esophagus and removed using Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). This paper emphasizes designing a removable flipper prosthesis with enough retention and stability to prevent them from being swallowed. Furthermore, patients should be recommended not to use these objects while sleeping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Given the fact that randomized controlled clinical trials are more valid than other research methods to determine the therapeutic effects of treatment, proper design and accurate reporting is of particular importance. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the quality of writing the title and abstract of randomized clinical trials of Iranian medical universities journals in 2016 using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, information gathering through internet search was limited to Persian language journals affiliated to the medical universities of the country. Based on the CONSORT checklist, which contains 18 questions, all randomly controlled clinical trials, consisting of 262 papers published in these magazines in 2016, were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Only 34 (13%) of the articles refered to “randomized” word in the title of the article. Regarding the proportion of cases observed in the articles, based on the gender of the author, only two "mentioning the place of data collection" (p=0.009) and "mentioning clinical trial registration number" (p=0.020) and based on the scientific rank two cases, namely, “mentioning the full details of the responsible author” (p=0.002) and "mentioning the randomized method" (p=0.039) were significantly different. Conclusion: The need to follow CONSORT criteria and eliminate the deficiencies mentioned for conducting these studies in the country seems necessary. Therefore, it is recommended to the authors to use the CONSORT clinical checklist while writing randomized controlled clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: In the field of scientometrics, little attention has been paid to stem cells. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to draw a Scientific Map of stem cells area (co-word analysis) based on the papers indexed in Web of Science database in selected countries during the years 2011-2013. Materials and Methods: This study is based on descriptive method, and it was conducted by scientometrics and co-word analysis technique. In this study, 34,142 articles were analyzed from Web of Science database. The search system of Web of Science is a tool for collecting data. Data analysis was done using Web of Science analysis system and Citespace software. Results: Most productions in stem cells are in English and belong to America. Stem cell, cell differentiation, in vitro, gene expression, mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells and transplantation are the most frequently used words and hot topics in this field. Conclusion: The growing trend in this area has caused different subject fields to enter stem cells areas. Considering the high frequency of embryonic stem cells in the field, it can be said that different diseases such as spinal cord problems and heart diseases can be treated using these cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common practice and crucial step to control mastitis and maintain the high- quality of raw milk is teat disinfection which divides into pre-, immediately prior to, and post-milking. Accordingly, dipping and spraying procedures have been applied to prevent environmental and contagious mastitis as well as reduction of microbial load of raw milk. Quantitative tests such as somatic cell counts in raw milk are commonly used to monitor dramatic change of normal to sub-clinical (250000≤ cell mL-1), and clinical infected udder. It is assumed that pre-milking disinfection is a suitable strategy to tackle sub-clinical environmental mastitis whereas post-milking method is recommended to manage contiguous one. Pre- dipping effectively declines bacterial count in raw milk. Although, post-milking disinfection significantly reduces microbial contamination from liner and cleaning step, it is not effective on bacterial load from hands of milker, rinse water and used paper towel. The usage of disinfectants in major milk producer countries varies extensively, for instance more than two third of teat disinfectants in New Zealand is iodophor, followed by 15% chlorhexidine and 15% dodecylbenzene sulphonate. Iodophor has been used as pre- and post- sanitizer in concentration of 0.3% but it is allowable from 0.1-0.25% in UK. According to the regulations of the USA, Spain, and Canada, chlorhexidine can be used in the range of 0.11-0.5%, meanwhile Danish and Americans’ law regulated the usage of dodecylbenzene sulphonate in the vicinity of 2%. Hypochlorite has been taken into account as pre- and post- sanitizer from 0.1 to 4 % but regulated up to 0.2 in UK and 0.3% in US and CA. Likewise chlorhexidine, dodecylbenzene sulphonate, and quaternary ammonium compounds are used as post-milking. Bacteriocin is a teat disinfectant in France whereas slightly acidic electrolyzed water has been introduced as emerging pre- and post- sanitizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is to investigate the possibility of the lack of influence of philosophical research in the issuance of jurisprudence rulings (Ahkam alfiqhiyah) and its purpose is to prove this influence by studying cases of unity of existence (Wahdat al-wujud). Some jurists in their rulings related to unbelievers (Kuffar) as well as in the rulings of the heretical books (Kutub alzelal) dealt with the issue of the unity of existence and believing in it, and judged the legitimacy or illegitimacy of such a point of view, and according to that, have issued rulings about those who believe in it. As described in this paper in a descriptive-analytical way, the emergence of jurisprudence in this regard is a function of the encounters and understanding of jurists with philosophical opinions. Based on this, after assessing examples of jurisprudence of the last few centuries and clarifying the background philosophical or mystical presuppositions, the position of Sadr al-Mutalahin's interpretation of disagreements in comparison to other interpretations has been clarified and the result of its acceptance or non-acceptance in the judgment of jurists has been determined. As the result, at the first step, it is revealed that Sadr al-Maltahin's perception of the unity of existence is different from the mystic version, and in the other hand, the acceptance of this interpretation can resolve the duality and otherness between the monotheism of jurists and mystics. Lastly, with the help of this philosophical research, the ijtihad of the jurists should be freed from the unwarranted attribution of the of disbelief and misguidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The first trainers and preparers of a wise and knowledgeable generation in a society for creating and preparing the contexts of advancement and development in a country and nation, are women. Therefore, this is enough to consider the development and advancement of women in a society, equal to advancement and development of that country. The review of previous studies showed that there is a research gap regarding the psychological meta-analysis of studies of femininity and social development in Iran. Aims: The present research was conducted with the aim of meta-analysis (combination) of studies conducted in the field of femininity and development. Methods: Method which is used in this paper, is Meta-analysis. Statistical population were consisted of related and available studies which were accessible in Iran using Persian language, in paper form, from 1385 to 1401. After investigating the criterion of inputs and outputs, 52 effect sizes from 17 studies which have Meta-analysis condition, were obtained. In order to analyze data from sensitivity data, funnel chart, stochastic models and heterogeneity analysis, CMA2 software was used. Results: Analysis of obtained information from research showed that the amount of combined effect in this stochastic model (chosen model for this Meta-analysis) was obtained equally to 0/497, which was significant. Size of obtained effect from studies(p<0/001) were calculated averagely according to interpretation of Cohen's scale and results illustrated that women and femininity have effect on development.Also by considering social development as moderator variable,this coefficient was calculated as social development 0/603 respectively.that in level of p<0/001 are significant. Conclusion: According to the results obtained in the present study, the largest size of the combined effect was related to social development and the smallest was related to economic development. Despite the fact that 50% of the potential forces in any society are women, but Iranian women have a moderate impact on development due to household responsibilities and existing restrictions in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, in order to show the trend of explicating the concept of "Loving Allah" through interpreting Quran by Sufis, the comments of mystical commentaries of Quarn and other mystical inscriptions about the 54th verse of Maeda chapter of Quran, which is famous in "Irtedad verse", from beginning until 14th century AH have been surveyed by date of writing. The mystics have relied on Irtedad verse as a permit for loving Allah by focusing on 'yohebbohom va yohebboonah' part. Sufis in non-interpretive writings tried to prove the soundness of their belief in loving Allah from the third century. They repeat and explicate the comments of the departed from the sixth century. In this writings, from the eighth century, the concentration in clarifying Irtedad verse decreases because of considering the issue of loving Allah as definite. In interpretive inscriptions, according to the more cautious style of writing, the above trend happens lately. Mystical commentaries remain silent about Irtedad verse until fifth century, and attempt to establish the authorization of loving Allah until ninth century, and to review the comments of predecessors in a fresh language thenceforth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Pulp and paper industries produce large quantities of effluent that release various pollutants daily. Among various methods for treating such effluents, anaerobic biosorption process is of interest because of lower need to mechanical energy, boigasses production, high organic loading rate (OLR), low sludge production, and resistant system. OLR is one of the most important effective hydrodynamic parameters. In this study, the effect of OLR was investigated on anaerobic biosorption reactor in treating pulp and paper effluent. Materials and methods: A 1.96L effective volume cannon pilot was used and wastewater was injected by pumping to the bed of the reactor. Temperature and pH were maintained about 30±2°C and 6.8-7.2, respectively. The effect of OLR on efficiency of system was studied in 1-12 kgCOD/m3 .d. All experiments were performed under steady state conditions using procedures outlined in Standard Methods. Results: In OLR 7kgCOD/m3 .d and upflow velocity of 0.56m/h the system was able to reduce over 80% of COD concentration after 33-39h. No significant increase was observed in efficiency of the system at more OLRs, so it was selected as optimum loading rate. System efficiency was found to have a direct relation with decrease of upflow velocity and increase of HRT. The gas generation rate was 0.32 m3 /kg COD removed. Conclusion: According to this study, anaerobic biosorption system satisfactorily treated pulp and paper mill effluent and could perform this close to wastewater discharge standards established by national guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lady Fatima al-Zahra’s Tasbihat have always been of great interest and importance to Muslims, enjoying an exceptionally high status and prestige. These invaluable Tasbihat were certainly granted to Lady Fatima by the Messenger of God and there is no doubt regarding their issuance and the famous details of their composition (34 times God is Great, 33 times Thanks be to God, 33 times Glory be to God). While emphasizing the authenticity and certainty of the noble issuance of Lady Zahra’s Tasbihat, the present paper takes a descriptive-analytical approach to analyze and critique a report considered in Sunni hadith and jurisprudential sources as the context of issuance of these Tasbihat. Along this course, after critiquing the chain of narrators and implications of this report, the perspectives of scholars of both sects towards it are compared and analyzed, concluding in results. The results of this research are that firstly, the report regarded in Sunni sources as the context of issuance of Lady Fatima’s Tasbihat, due to numerous evidential chains of narration, textual, and extra-textual reasons, lacks credibility and its text has been distorted and forged in various Sunni sources and books. Secondly, the goal behind these distortions has been to justify the confiscation of certain rights such as Fadak, Lady Fatima’s inheritance from the Prophet’s financial legacy, and especially the usurpation of the Ahl al-Bayt’s lawful Khums share by the caliphs. As a number of Sunni theologians have tried to justify the behavior of the first two caliphs regarding confiscation of the Ahl al-Bayt’s Khums share by referring to this report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneous use of an efficient routing protocol and mobile sink not only prevents rapid sensor energy depletion but also effectively improves the energy balance in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, a new data aggregation method is proposed called "Ant colony-based Routing and Petal-shaped Data Aggregation (ARPDA)", which includes clustering, Cluster Head (CH) selection, intra-cluster routing, determining polling points, and designing the sink node trajectory. In the proposed method, the network is divided by several virtual concentric circles that are equidistant from each other. The intersection point of these circles with the virtual lines passing through the origin of the network determines the probable polling points for the sink node. First, by efficiently clustering the sensor nodes and forming an intra-cluster routing tree based on the ant colony optimization algorithm, the sensor data is aggregated in CHs; then, by selecting the appropriate polling points and designing a petal-shaped path, the sink node periodically collects the aggregated data in CHs based on two linear and circular movements. Considering the sink movement in the CH selection process is another advantage of the proposed algorithm. Numerical results confirm the better performance of the proposed algorithm compared to the EDT algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, using a deep learning technique, the sensing characteristic of a refractive index (RI) sensor based on a multimode optical fiber speckle-gram has been extracted. The investigated sensor structure consists of a tapered optical fiber or microfiber (MF) induced on a standard multimode optical fiber (MMF). Due to the presence of evanescent waves around the MF, the guiding status of the end MMF is dependent on the external RI around the taper. Thereby, the propagating modes and resulting interference pattern or speckle-gram become sensitive to the changes in the taper environment. Herein, by analyzing and quantifying the speckle-gram modulation, the RI changes around the taper are characterized. To extract the sensing characteristic and improve its measurement accuracy, deep learning algorithms and specifically the ResNet deep neural network are used in the processing of the output speckle-grams. Using this algorithm, while the tapered fiber is immersed in different refractive index solutions in the range of 1.33 to 1.368, a set of output speckle images is captured for learning and then a number of them are used for measurement, and finally the accuracy of detecting the refractive index of the solutions RI has been achieved up to 95%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Bacterial nanocellulose is known as a potential carrier for a widespread spectrum of biological compounds, including antibacterial and antifungal compounds. The present study was conducted to determine the impact of bacterial nanocellulose containing Natamycin and Amphotericin B on Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum in an in vitro environment. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical research, Aspergillus flavus-PTCC: 5006 and Penicillium citrinum-PTCC: 5304 fungi were prepared from the Fungal Collection of the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Natamycin and Amphotericin B against Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum were evaluated by the microdilution method. Bacterial nanocellulose was prepared using Komagata xylinum bacterium, and Natamycin and Amphotericin B were added in three concentrations of 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% to wet and lyophilized nanocellulose films by the immersion method. Then, the antifungal effects of the film containing the above compounds against the investigated fungi were investigated by the agar diffusion method. Parchment paper was used as a control for comparison. Spectral properties of nanocellulose film containing antifungal compounds were evaluated by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method. Results: MIC and MFC of Natamycin for Aspergillus flavus were determined as 3.9 μg/mL and 7.81 μg/mL, and for Penicillium citrinum as 7.81 μg/mL and 15.62 μg/mL, respectively. MIC and MFC of Amphotericin B for Aspergillus flavus were determined as 7.81 μg/mL and 15.62 μg/mL, and for Penicillium citrinum as 15.62 μg/mL and 31.25 μg/mL, respectively. The increased concentration had a statistically significant impact on the antifungal properties of all films (P<0.05). The best antifungal effects of the film were related to the film containing Natamycin. Conclusion: Bacterial nanocellulose containing Natamycin showed stronger antifungal effects in an in vitro environment compared to Amphotericin B against Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jalaloddin Davani who has written many books, treatises, and letters, is one of the great scholars of the Shiraz school of thought during the Timurid period. Considering his influential attitude in the dynamics and excellence of Persian mystical literature, it is important to know about his Persian works which often include mysticism, philosophy, and theology. Obviously, before judging his opinions and beliefs, one should investigate the authenticity of his works. Therefore, the present research aims at the critical codicology of Persian works attributed to Davani to determine their authenticity. Reviewing the catalogue of manuscripts in the libraries shows that, in most catalogues, there are many mistakes in the title of Davani's Persian works. These bibliographic mistakes have been repeated in the works of many subsequent authors. To write the paper First, based on the Union Catalogue of Iran Manuscripts (Fankha), the titles of all Persian works attributed to Davani were identified. Then, using his Persian manuscripts and other sources, the authenticity of his Persian works in the catalogue of manuscripts was examined. In this study, through the comparative investigation of Davani's Persian manuscripts in Iran, some of our codicological and bibliographic information about Davani's Persian works have been corrected, especially the title and number of his authentic and non-authentic works. The result of the current critical codicology showed that Davani has written at least twenty original Persian works. In addition, according to the entries of Davani's Persian works in Fankha, at least nine nonoriginal Persian works have been attributed to him. Thus, at least nine entries of Davani's Persian works in Iran seem incorrect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the most important ethical challenges in research and academic writing is the scientific misconduct which is defined as violation of scientific regulations. The aim of this study was to review scientific misconduct as an unethical phenomenon. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by using narrative review strategy in which a total of 56 papers was selected via search in databases such as PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Elsevier, and Iranian National Medical Digital Library (INMDL) according to the objective of the study. Results: First, we overlooked on scientific misconduct, meaning of plagiarism, the causes of plagiarism, its category, and penalties for plagiarism. The results showed that there is main three type of scientific misconduct including falsification, fabrication, and plagiarism which the latter is the most comment. We found fourteen type of plagiarism according to the literature review. Then, some online and offline software for detection of plagiarism cases were proposed. Finally, some practical strategies presented for prevention of plagiarism. Conclusion: We conclude that using another's idea without appropriate acknowledging is considered as plagiarism which could have negative consequences and punishment for the perpetrator. Familiarization of researchers with cases of plagiarism and their commitment on ethical regulations and correctly acknowledgment of references and using software could be helpful in preventing this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Retracted articles have increased significantly in number. Orthopedic researchers should not use the results of retracted articles in their papers. The purpose of this research is to identify the reasons for citing retracted orthopedic articles by researchers. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with a descriptive-survey approach. Retraction Watch was used to extract the articles. For each of the articles, Google Scholar was used to identify the citing authors. Web of Science and Scopus databases were used to collect and review the scientometric indicators of the journals. Databases and journal websites were utilized to check the open-access status of the articles. A standard questionnaire was sent to the authors by email. Statistical analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the articles’ citation and open access to them. Results: A total of 796 articles were retrieved, showing an increase in recent years. These articles are mostly published in top quartile journals. A large number of the researchers were not aware of the retraction status of their cited articles and also did not have a strategy to check the sources of their articles. Most of the authors stated that the reviewer or editor did not give them a warning about the retracted article. The researchers declared that the article has been used in their discussion section. There was a significant relationship (p-value=0.002) between the citation frequency and access type of retracted orthopedic articles. Conclusion: Authors should pay more attention to the ethical principles of research in order to prevent the spread and publication of retracted articles. Authors should not cite retracted orthopedic articles in their papers, as this is dangerous for the patients’ health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morteza Hajhosseini introduced two truth-functional and non-truth-functional systems in the second edition of his book Two Non-Classical Logic Systems, A New Outlook on Elements of Logic. In other articles, I have reviewed the natural deduction and the semantics of the truth-functional system. In this paper, I will address the semantics of the non-truth-functional system and the meta-theorems of soundness and completeness that he claimed to have proven. I demonstrate that: 1. This semantics is based on a new set theory that has not yet been formulated. 2. The definition of ‘model’ in this book defines ‘complete models,’ while all introduced models are ‘incomplete models’. 3. The truth conditions of non-truth-functional formulas are reminiscent of the truth conditions of similar formulas in C.I. Lewis’ logic of strict implication, but in the Leibnizian modal semantics. 4. This semantics is not consistent with the proof theory of the book. 5. Therefore, the soundness and the completeness metatheorems are actually incorrect and have counterexamples. 6. Negation operators in this non-truth-functional system have been considered truthfunctional, while they should be non-truth-functional. 7. A finite number of relationships (exactly five) have been introduced in this semantics, while this number is infinite. 8. Therefore, non-truth-functional logic must be undecidable, while the non-truth-functional system has been declared decidable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "'Irshᾱd al-Quloub ilᾱ al-Sawᾱb," by the great Shiite scholar Hassan bin Abi alHassan Muhammad Daylamῑ on ethics, contains sermons and advices from the Qur'an, Hadith and early scholars, which has been praised and concerned by Shiite scholars. Since the most important feature of the book is its warm, eloquent and effective expression in preaching and teaching, it seems that it can be a valuable source in the field of education. Accordingly, this paper mainly aims to evaluate its validity, based on the question: "What is the level of validity of its hadiths?" This research analyzes the book 'Irshᾱd al-Quloub based on the descriptive-analytical method. Findings reveal that, in addition to the author's pleasant talking method, hadiths of the book have been collected through the criterion of narrative fame. Also, due to some narrative weaknesses within the book, it ranks in the third place among Shiite books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article addresses the question of what are the foundations of the formation of interpretive anthropology and what role each of these foundations has played in the formation and development of interpretive anthropology. It also provides an explanation of the nature of interpretive anthropology while considering the history of anthropology. The method of this paper is based on a descriptive-analytical approach and in some cases content analysis. Interpretive or symbolic anthropology is a branch of American cultural anthropology that emerged in the 20th century in America and is completely distinct in method from the anthropology of the 18th and 19th centuries, with a special emphasis and attention on the category of culture. In this approach, it is explained that culture in any society is a collection of meanings that can be understood by examining the symbols that dominate the society. The present article, referencing the opinions and works of two prominent figures in this field, Clifford Geertz and Victor Turner, explores the desired contexts and in a detailed section demonstrates that the main foundations of the formation of this approach are: 1. Critique and moving beyond evolutionary and historical perspectives, 2. Moving beyond functionalism, 3. Moving beyond structuralism, 4. The crystallization and emphasis on a specific concept of culture in human studies, 5. The crystallization and emphasis on the field research and the use of participant observation method, and 6. The emergence of the culture and personality approach in anthropological and religious studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main intellectual concerns in Shari'ah, ethics, and mysticism has been the fighting against the concupiscent soul, and mystical wayfarers have been advised to engage in this spiritual Battle (Jihad) by following certain suggested methods. By a special and comparatively unique approach in Mirsad al-Ibad, Najm Razi discusses about interaction with the soul and its qualities. The author of present paper has tried by qualitative analysis and description of content, to elucidate Razi's thought-lines in the struggle against the concupiscent soul. The research findings demonstrate that Razi believe in moderate treatment and cautious dealing with the concupiscent soul and he think that any extreme or careless behaviors in confront with the concupiscent soul would be a loss for the mystic followers. He believes that the concupiscent soul is not naturally the main cause of evils and sins, and that the reprehensible traits in the soul have been implanted there in accordance with the dictates of both divine wisdom and human expediency. Furthermore, Razi thinks that the essence of the human soul is capable of transformation; in a way that it's straying from God makes the soul command to the evils, and turning to God put the soul in the path of assurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main issue of this research is the adaptation of New Religious Movements' (NRMs) features with Cosmic Mysticism (Ring) and also evaluation of its leader’s claim about reviving of true Islamic mysticism. The present paper is also done by means of descriptive– analytic method and critical approach. The research findings indicate that Cosmic Mysticism (Ring) is easily compatible with NRMs’ characteristics, such as a charismatic leader claiming to have spiritual experiences, eclecticism, de-authorizing formal religion and emphasis on spirituality and humanism, the efflorescence of spiritual and mental talents, secularization of religious and mystical experience affected by quasi-science and so-called psychology, generality and its easily achievability regardless to beliefs and rituals. But reaching to the goal of reviving authentic mysticism entails fundamental changes in its structure, its way of expressing and gaining. These transformations lead to destroying the religious and mystical language and utilizing science, psychology, and language of other schools, which cause losing mysticism's deep mystical meaning in a way that focuses on today's human concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Recently, studies on the factors involved in stemness of stem cells have received a lot of attention due to its importance of stem cell-based treatments. One of the important stimuli in the fate of stem cells is the amount of oxygen in the environment. The results of various studies showed that a low concentration of oxygen in the niche of stem cells, preserves the reserves of the stem cells. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and the involved mechanisms. Materials and Methods In this review article, more than 100 papers in the pubmed database were reviewed. In this study, hypoxia induction methods, the effect of hypoxia on HSC and the effect of hypoxia on HSCs in Co-culture with other cells, hypoxia relationship with HIF1a factor and hypoxia relationship with stem cell stemness were discussed. Results The results of this review showed that low oxygen concentration can affect the stemness of stem cells. The difference in the results observed in different studies was due to different hypoxia induction methods, oxygen percentage, type of stem cells and time exposed to hypoxia, which necessitated optimization of the protocols for hypoxia induction. Conclusions Compared to the oxygen concentration of the environment, very low concentrations of oxygen (anoxia: 1%) take the stem cells mainly in the dormant phase and maintain a high stemness state, while at higher concentrations (5%) along with maintaining the proliferative potential of cells, stemness is also maintained. Of course, designing optimal culture conditions with specific oxygen concentration and understanding the mechanisms involved can help in the development of new target molecules and treatments based on stem cell in various diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Irrigation is necessary for watermelon cultivation due to its high growth rate, short growth period and high fruit water content (90-92%). In addition high evaporation during growth and development stages and low rainfall in arid and semi-arid area caused that cultivation of watermelon need a lot of water. To minimize drought stress effect on yield of agricultural crop in arid and semi-arid areas, cultivation of drought tolerant cultivars, deficit irrigation practice and grafting of high yielding cultivars onto tolerant rootstocks are recommended. No paper has been published about grafting and deficit irrigation for watermelon cultivation in Khuzestan province yet, therefore present research was conducted to study the effects of these factors on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of grafted watermelon (B32 cultivar) onto pumpkin ‘Cubalt and Ferro’ (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata.) and deficit irrigation in nongrafted watermelon. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at Behbehan Agriculture Research Station from 2020 to 2021. The experiment was done as strip plot in randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replications. Three irrigation regimes, full irrigation, 80% and 60% of full irrigation were considered as vertical strips. Horizontal strips included B32 cultivar grafted onto pumpkin ‘Cobult and Ferro’ rootstocks (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata.) and nongrafted B32. Watermelon and pumpkin seeds were planted in greenhouse in 5 and 10 January respectively and watermelon seedlings were grafted onto pumpk in 4 February. Seedlings were transplanted in 24 Feb. and fruits harvested from early to mid-June. Results were analyzed by MSTATC statistical software and comparison of meanes were done using Duncan, s Multiple Range Test at 1% probability level. Results: Yield, mean fruit weight and water use efficiency in grafted plants were significantly higher than nongrafted plants. Yield and mean fruit weight decreased significantly due to deficit irrigation. The most yield in grafted and nongrafted plants were obtained in full irrigation. The decrease of yield in nongrafted plants applied 80% of full irrigation as compared with full irrigation was not significant. In full irrigation regime the mean yield of grafted plants were significantly higher (50%) than nongrafted plants. The yield of grafted plants applied 80% of full irrigation were higher than nongrafted plants applied full irrigation, however this difference was not significant. Water use efficiency of grafted plants was significantly higher as compared with nongrafted plants. The differences of water use efficiency in grafted plants onto Cobult and Ferro rootstocks applied full irrigation, 80% and 60% of full irrigation were not significant. In nongrafted plants the most water use efficiency belong to applied 80% of full irrigation. The decrease of water use efficiency in plants applied full irrigation was not significant as compared with this treatment. However, the decrease of water use efficiency in plants applied 60% of full irrigation was significant in comparison to plants applied 80% of full irrigation. Conclusion: Grafting of B32 cultivar onto Cobult and Ferro rootstocks and applied full irrigation and 80% of full irrigation were recommended in no water restriction and water shortage conditions respectively for the maximum watermelon production in Khuzestan province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new combination of contents and a teaching approach for the 'English for Electrical Engineering' undergraduate course. This proposition targets the current and future needs of an electrical engineer, focused on reading, comprehension, and writing, and slightly touches upon speaking and listening as well. The structure of the course is based on in-class delivery of the content in such a way that it maximally attracts the participation and contribution of students. For reading and comprehension, a wide variety of scientific and technical texts are used including textbooks, laboratory instruction manuals, user manuals, catalogues, brochures, and also datasheets. The texts are chosen to cover various subspecialties within the electrical engineering discipline. Captured from the texts discussed in the class, a rich vocabulary is gradually formed comprising numerous word clusters. Feedback of the students on the content and delivery of the course was collected through a questionnaire in three parts. According to the evaluation results, around 87% of the students participated in the class were satisfied with the fulfillment of their English language needs and expectations through the proposed course structure and content, as well as the teaching approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering education, alongside various fields of engineering, requires research and importance. In engineering sciences, numerical simulation using computer software is one of the important research tools for engineers. MATLAB/Simulink software is one of the practical engineering software. Due to its wide range of applications, training in this software is of particular importance. In this paper, a training method based on a coherent set of blocks used for engineering systems is introduced. This method is based on images and the goal is to implement the blocks in the Simulink environment. Factors such as the name, appearance, and performance of block components are important. The proposed method is effective in improving the recognition and mental maintenance of these factors. Examples of implementing this idea at different levels are introduced as assignments or tests. The experience of implementing this method over several semester shows that it can be easily implemented on various engineering systems. The results from surveys on sustainability, recognition, and psychological aspects are analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed package is investigated through pre- and post-test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Phytases are classified as 3-phytases (E.C.3.1.3.8), 5-phytases (E.C. 3.1.3.72) and 6-phytases (E.C. 3.1.3.26) based on the position of the first phosphate residue removed from the myo-inositol ring of phytate. P. pastoris has been of interest in the last few years as an industrial expression system. Among the advantages of this expression system, can mention strong and adjustable progress, high density of cells in culture medium and convenient genetic manipulation. The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris requires a simpler environment (only one carbon source and one nitrogen source) than other yeasts to produce recombinant products at high cell density. The coexpression of digestive enzymes in a single recombinant cell system would thus be advantageous. The objective of this study is to determine whether combining fungal phytases (3- phytase) with bacterial phytase (6-phytase) was more effective than each phytase alone in degrading of plant phytate. In the paper, we tested the new vector, aimed to clone and coexpress the phytase genes (appA and phyA) isolated from E. coli and aspergillus niger, respectively, and transformed into Pichia pastoris. Evaluations were made for the biochemical properties of the active expressed phytase. Materials and methods The nucleotide sequence of phyA and appA2, 2a peptide and alpha factor were obtained from NCBI database. A coexpression system for the extracellular production of phytase of Aspergillus Niger (3-phytase) and phytase of E. coli (6-phytase) will be established in Pichia pastoris yeast. Plasmid that used in this study was pPIC9k. The genes for each enzyme are fused in-frame with the “a-factor” secretion signal and linked by the 2A-peptide-encoding sequence. After receiving the synthetic plasmid with fragments, plasmid that contained phyA and appA2 was cloned in DH5@ and after that digested by SacI and transfered by electroporation into Pichia pastoris. Positive cells are resuspended at 5 mL of BMMY containing 0.5 percent methanol as an inducer. To follow the induction, methanol was injected into the culture every 24 hours in order to reach a definitive concentration of 0.5 percent. The recombinant protein was analyzed using sds-page. Results The results of present study showed that the recombinant phytase gene was transferred to Pichia pastoris and the results of PCR confirmed that. The molecular weight of the produced recombinant phytases was estimated to be around 45 and 80 kDa for appA and phyA, respectively by SDS-PAGE. The recombinant protein has phytase activity equal to 160.97 U/ml. Conclusions In general, this study has shown successful results in the production and expression of two phytases in Pichia pastoris yeast and can be used to increase phytate decomposition in poultry. Recombinant yeast will be used for further experiments (farm experiments). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Agriculture is the largest consumer of fresh water in the whole world. Currently, almost 11% of the Earth’s total land surface is arable, which is expected to reach 13% by 2050. Roughly 17% of these lands are subject to modern form of irrigation management, which constitutes about 30-40% of the gross agricultural output. Reducing water consumption and increase water productivity in agriculture, requires a correct understanding of the biological response of crop to water. The ever-increasing growth of the population and the limitation of fresh water resources have led irrigation experts to new and efficient approaches in making decision to increase water productivity. The lack of scheduling in irrigation or their incompatibility with weather conditions, soil, irrigation system, agricultural restrictions and different phenological stages of crop, has caused severe losses in irrigated fields. Crop modeling and field data measurement can help irrigation experts improve irrigation scheduling in field and reduce water losses. Coupling in-situ measurement and crop modeling during the growing season is one of the useful solutions to improve irrigation scheduling in different farm conditions. In this paper, AquaCrop was calibrated for maize (Zea mays L.) in research farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad with comprehensive dataset. Variations of soil water content at different depths and also different growth indices was monitored during one growing season. The main novelty of this research is the targeted use of AquaCrop software to reduce water consumption by knowing the phenologically sensitive stages. Materials and Methods In-situ and in-lab measurements along with plant modeling, have been the two main parts of this research. First, the input files of the AquaCrop software were prepared and calibrated for maize during one growing season. The outputs of software including variations of moisture, biomass produced during the growing season and final yield were compared with the values measured in the field. After ensuring the accuracy of calibrated software, an improved irrigation scheduling was investigated. Subsequently, by means of crop modeling, the sensitive intervals of the crop to soil water stress as well as the thresholds of yield reduction in different stages of growing season were determined with the aim of improving irrigation scheduling in maize field. Biomass reduction, dry yield production, and the changes in water use efficiency during the growing season were investigated according to different amounts of moisture reduction in root zone, and irrigation scheduling was fulfilled by applying stress to less sensitive stages. The software was first run in Net Irrigation Requirement mode. Then, different amounts of drought stress were applied to each of the growth stages of the crop, and the other stages were kept constant in non-stressed condition. Dry yield and biomass reduction as well as water productivity changes were obtained for each stage. According to the threshold values and the amount of yield reduction at each stage, it is possible to fine-tune the time and amount of applying stress to crop. Furthermore, according to the moisture profile of the root zone, the drained water was significantly reduced in field. In this research, in order to increase accuracy in moisture measurement and prevent errors, an equation was developed to convert the mV output of sensor to volumetric moisture. At each moisture measurement, the PR2 sensor reports a number in mV for each depth, which is converted to volumetric moisture using device's conversion equation. This equation can vary according to field and soil condition. To develop the conversion equation, six same pots with a height of 40 cm and diameter of 30 cm were filled with the desired field soil, and the access tubes were placed horizontally inside them. The soil inside these pots was completely saturated and exposed to air for drying. During the drying period of the pots, the soil moisture was measured regularly using PR2 sensor and at the same time by weight method. After these measurements, calibration curves for PR2 sensor were obtained using the alpha mixing method for different depths. Results and Discussion The Pearson correlation coefficient for measured and simulated moisture by software, was 0.84 and the root mean square error was 12 mm. Also, the value of Pearson correlation coefficient for measured and simulated values of biomass was equal to 0.99 and mean square root of error was 1.3 ton/ha. The results showed that the vegetative stage of crop was sensitive to drought stress and caused a significant yield reduction at the end of the growing season. The stage of germination and flowering were less sensitive, such that the decrease of moisture up to 12.3% compared to the Net Irrigation Requirement mode would not change the final yield of the crop. The improvement made in the field resulted in no change in the amount of biomass and dry yield (0.38% increase in biomass and 0.52% increase in dry yield), at the same time 26.6% decrease in depth of irrigation water, 85.6% decrease In drainage and increasing the efficiency of evapotranspirated water, it has increased from 4.66% to 4.67% kg/m3 compared to condition before modify. Before modify, the farm was managed in traditional way. Conclusion More research in the field of irrigation scheduling and providing comprehensive instructions to farmers in different weather conditions and different irrigation systems, taking into account different management approaches in allocating water to different parts of the farm along with investigating the effects of saline water irrigation, can be topics for the next research should be for experts in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The truth and reality are two fundamental philosophical concepts upon which pragmatists have specific and important discussions. This paper compares Peirce’s and James’s ideas – both of which have proposed theories that challenge traditional metaphysics - on these two fundamental concepts in order to answer two questions of (1) why James has a wider reputation, his thoughts are more pursued, and is also called the founder of pragmatism, while Peirce is the founder of Pragmatism; and (2) whether the two philosophers’ pragmatism in the theory of reality and truth has been able to free itself from metaphysical philosophy? To answer these questions, this paper addresses these two philosophers’ point of views toward the theory of the truth. Although, it seems that the two concepts of truth and reality have clear meanings, there is a difference of opinion among pragmatist philosophers. Therefore, investigating the meaning, types, criteria, and position of the truth and reality in pragmatism reflects these philosophers’ opinions on these two concepts and also, answers the research questions of this paper. To answer the research questions, this paper applied a qualitative method, used a desk study, reviewed previous studies on relevant topics, and applied analytical arguments and interpretations. This paper shows that pragmatism is based on the pragmatic maxim that Peirce wrote and James also accepted. The overall criterion of this maxim is the practical impact that are reflected in propositions, believes, and notions to evaluate their practical consequences. In their views, although there are some literal dissimilarities between different believes, they have the same practical impact and address the same matter. Thus, they made a link between the theory and practice. However, their views on traditional metaphysics make a distinction between these two philosophers. Peirce considers the pragmatic maxim as a logical principle, connects it to the theory of meaning, and offers different criteria - such as correspodence, compatibility, coherence, and consensus of scientific community – for evaluating the truth. Therefore, he gives a social character to the truth and takes the traditional metaphysics away from his philosophy. James, however, ties it with the theory of the truth that make it incompatible with the traditional metaphysics and Pierce’s criteria. These characteristics put James’ pragmatism at the top of the later pragmatist thoughts. In addition, this article explains that although both, Peirce and James, proposed new and effective views on the truth and reality and relations between them and they challenged some of the principles of metaphysical philosophy. Therefore, they did not think outside the framework of metaphysical thinking, could not withdraw this position, and did not propose totally novel ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article asks: can there be a scientific concept of ideology? This question—which is also the title of an article by Paul Ricoeur—is framed in such a way as to challenge prevailing conceptions of ideology in favor of a phenomenological approach. Employing the popular but difficult idiom of phenomenology—return to things themselves—and deconstructing the extant logic of ideology established and coined by Destutt de Tracy, this paper argues that a scientific conception of ideology becomes possible. In light of such a possibility, this paper further argues that this scientific conception paves the path for stepping beyond the dichotomy of interpretation and change, or theoretical and practical research. At the very least, a scientific concept of ideology will allow for the development of a kind of science—which, despite not claiming any superiority to other sciences (thus contrary to De Tracy’s contention)—will nevertheless reflect fundamental differences from other sciences in subject matter, methodology and logic. After an exegesis of de Tracy’s thought on the sources, methodology and logic of ideology, this paper examines the claim of the superiority of ideology to other sciences and his Baconian project of reconstructing human understanding and nature. It is clear that the epistemological foundations of ideology are not defendable today and face critical questions. Questions such as, if ideology were to examine sources of human consciousness (knowledge, understanding, intellect), why and how could intellect itself and its foundations, which are supposed to carry out such a process, be excluded from the arbitration process? Of what nature are those intellectual foundations and why is there not adequate discussion about them? Why should that particular way of reasoning be immune to its rulings on the material foundations of thought? Perhaps the whole concept of ideology is merely a biological reflection of intellect in the mind of a French philosopher called Destutt de Tracy, and has no more objective validity than that. If the claim of ideology is that reason can grasp the whole of reality, the question that arises is whether reason can have a grasp on itself and its mechanisms, or should such grasp be excluded from the scope of reason’s analysis? The science of ideas seems to have assumed a transcendental position; But it is precisely this assumption and claim that in return violates the methodological foundations of ideology. These questions lead us to the main question of this article, which is, in the words of Paul Ricoeur: “Do we have no choice but to accede to the opposition between science and ideology?” And to say that ideology is not a science? The answer to this question is that there are possibilities in ideology which can be used to postulate the notion of "ideology as a science" and that this concept also faces limitations which resist developing into a science. What is important, however, is to address the tension between science and ideology, for, as Ricoeur puts it, “we have more to lose by not dealing with this tension” (Ricoeur, 1978, p. 57). This paper concludes that if ideology signifies as an analysis of dominant ideas, it can be merged and united with critical phenomenology (an approach that appeared some two centuries after the concept of ideology) and thereby be employed to dismantle the dichotomy of interpretation and change. In this concluding section, it will be noted that ideology has three main underpinnings: a) its contemporaneity with the philosophical-scientific tradition of knowledge; b) a critique of established ideas; and c) the emergence of relative alternatives. In conjunction with one another, these three create an ideology as science that is different in essence from other sciences; its modus operandi is the simultaneous task of interpretation and change: a quality unique to ideology— and later, critical phenomenology—present in no other science or knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The clinical trials recorded in the electronic health record (EHR) contains important information about the patient's history and the treatments performed. Since clinical notes are stored unstructured, they cannot be applied directly in machine learning algorithms. One way to structure textual data is to represent them as vectors. Methods: In this research, the discharge sheets are used to generate the vector corresponding for each patient. Language models are used to represent the latest text processing methods. The dataset contains the discharge sheets of more than 26,000 patient records from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. To analyze the quality of representation framework, the diagnosis prediction downstream task is used and the evaluation criteria are reported for each language model. Results: Among the LLMs used in the framework, the best one for the discharge sheets is the BIO-BERT model and then the SciBERT model, which produced the ROC_AUC 0.715 and 0.713 respectively. This evaluation criterion is used to check the quality of forecasting models. The use of clinical text preprocessing and mapping of clinical entities to their standard names in the UMLS knowledge base has improved the evaluation criteria for specific language models in the biomedical field, and the greatest improvement is related to the UMLSBERT model, which is trained on the standard names of the knowledge base. Conclusion: BIO-BERT and SciBERT language models that trained on the data of clinical papers are suggested as the best option for representing the discharge sheet to vectors. However, since the for discharge sheets are different from the scientific paper in terms of structure and content, the preprocessing of clinical trials in order to identify entities and map them to knowledge sources to fetch the standard names of clinical concepts improves the results obtained in clinical LLMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the question, "What is the model of a successful argument in natural theology?" The three criteria of persuasion, acceptance of premises, and cumulative case, which have been proposed to justify or reject theism, are analyzed using an analytical-critical method. The result shows that none of these criteria, due to their limitations, are individually adequate for a successful argument. The main idea of the paper is to view religious beliefs as the result of a logical-epistemological process and to consider various factors for the success of religious arguments. Therefore, instead of adhering to a specific criterion, one should regard the criterion as a "process." This concept brings our attention to several important points: Firstly, choosing a single criterion for all arguments or measuring and classifying different arguments based on a common criterion is difficult and challenging because there is no consensus on the goal, method, sources, and scope of natural theology. Secondly, it is better to focus on the overall advantages and strengths of the criteria as a whole. Thirdly, one should not perceive the criterion of a successful argument as one-dimensional. Rather, view the criterion as a "process" that allows each criterion to consider the merits of other criteria despite its own strengths. Fourthly, by considering the criterion as a process, the relationship and interaction of these three criteria become possible according to the type, stage, and context of the argument. Consequently, in natural theology, we can benefit from all three criteria together and not separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The use of recycled pulp in papermaking reduces the quality of the resultant papers. Hence, employing enzyme pre-treatment in isolation or in combination with sequential pulp bleaching methods can prove to be effective approaches for enhancing the quality of the end product derived from recycled pulp. This study was undertaken to examine the impact of cellulase and laccase enzyme pre-treatment sequences on the bleachability of the resultant pulp with hydrogen peroxide, as well as to assess the quality of the final pulp following the bleaching process. Materials and Methods: At first, the mixture of waste newspaper and magazine papers were deinked using enzyme pre-treatment (combined sequence of cellulase and laccase) as well as conventional chemical method. Enzymatic pre-treatment was done as experimental treatments C1L1 (cellulase usage: 0.1% and duration time: 10 minutes; laccase usage: 20u and duration time: 120 minutes), C1L2 (cellulase usage: 0.1% and duration time: 10 minutes; laccase usage: 40u and duration time: 120 minutes), C2L1 (cellulase usage: 0.1% and duration time: 20 minutes; laccase usage: 20u and duration time: 120 minutes) and C2L2 (cellulase usage: 0.1% and duration time: 20 minutes; laccase usage: 40u and duration time: 120 minutes) under specific process conditions. Additionally, control pulp samples (without the addition of chemicals or enzymes) and chemically deinked pulp samples were prepared. The bleaching of the deinked pulp was then conducted using a hydrogen peroxide bleaching system, which consisted of 2% hydrogen peroxide, 2% sodium hydroxide, 2% sodium silicate, 0.2% DTPA chelating agent, and 0.1% magnesium sulfate. The bleaching process took place in separate plastic bags, under specific process conditions of 10% consistency, a temperature of 70 °C, and a duration of 2 hours in a water bath. Finally, the optical and strength characteristics of the bleached pulp were assessed. Results: The findings revealed that incorporating enzyme pre-treatment during the deinking process enhances the overall efficiency of hydrogen peroxide bleaching. Consequently, the resulting papers exhibited superior optical and strength characteristics after bleaching, as compared to pulp that underwent conventional chemical-based deinking. Specifically, the application of C2L2 and C2L1 enzymatic pre-treatments, followed by bleaching with hydrogen peroxide, resulted in brightness improvements of 11.12% (equivalent to approximately 5 units) and 9.5% (equivalent to approximately 4 units), respectively. In these pretreatments, the whiteness of the paper increased by 31.92% and 24.54% (an increase of about 9 and 6 units), respectively. Also, the yellowness of the paper decreased by 40.19% and 44.25%, respectively, and the opacity of the paper reduced by 37.74% and 23.97%, respectively. Also, in experimental runs of C2L1 and C2L2, the paper tensile index increased 29.17% and 35.64%, respectively (40.64 Nm/g and 38.7 Nm/g, respectively), breaking length enhanced by 64.42% and 99%, respectively (5.92 km and 4.89 km), and the paper burst index also increased by 70.85% and 92.37% (3.81 mN.m² /g and 4.29 kPa.m² /g), respectively. The tear indices of the paper in these experiments were found to average approximately 6.82 mN.m 2 /g and 6.62 mN.m ² /g, which are slightly lower compared to the chemically deinked pulp after bleaching. However, in the pretreatment utilizing the combined sequence C2L1, the tear index of the paper was nearly equivalent to that of the chemically deinked pulp. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the combined sequences of cellulase and laccase resulted in a substantial enhancement in the bleachability of pulp with hydrogen peroxide, surpassing that of chemically deinked pulp. Moreover, these enzymatic pre-treatment sequences led to the production of papers with superior optical and strength properties. Notably, the most favorable optical and strength characteristics were observed in the C2L2 and C1L2 enzymatic pre-treatment sequences following hydrogen peroxide bleaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Cancer chemotherapy is facing many problems such as patients' intolerance or resistance of cancer cells to the used compounds and drugs. In this regard, researchers are continuously trying to design new anti-cancer compounds and use them. Test to find a combination that can overcome these problems. Considering that structures containing Indole rings and toxic Carbazone and Thiazoles have already shown different biological effects. In this article, hybrids of these chemical structures will be designed and their effects will be investigated, maybe new compounds can be obtained to overcome some of the problems in the way of chemotherapy. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize and investigate the anticancer properties of new hybrid compounds of Indole attached to Triazole and thiosemicarbazone pharmacophores using the click method. Derivatives of indole and 3,2,1-triazoles and thiosemicarbazone are of special importance due to various biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer. In this research, new derivatives of 3, 2,1-triazoles attached to 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted system by click reaction between 2-aryl-1-prop-2-ynyl-1H-indole-3-substituted and azide Aromatics were synthesized in the presence of copper(II) acetate and sodium ascorbate catalyst in ethanol solvent. Also, a series of new derivatives of 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted hybridized with thiosemicarbazone and triazole were synthesized in the presence of Paratoluenesulfonic acid catalyst in ethanol solvent, and the cytotoxic activity of these compounds on Hela and MCF cell lines. Compounds with heterocyclic structures, because they exist in many natural products and exhibit different physicochemical properties, also have different biological effects, which has diversified their use in the treatment of various diseases. Cancer chemotherapy is faced with many problems such as patient intolerance or resistance of cancer cells to the used compounds and drugs. In this regard, researchers are constantly trying to design new anti-cancer compounds and test them to find a combination. achieve that can overcome these problems. They are considering that structures containing indole rings and toxic carbazone and thiazoles have already shown different biological effects. In this article, hybrids of these chemical structures will be designed and their effects will be investigated, maybe new compounds can be obtained to overcome some of the problems in chemotherapy. Derivatives of indole and 3,2,1-triazoles and thiosemicarbazone are of special importance due to their various biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer. In this research, new derivatives of 3, 2,1-triazoles attached to 2- aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted system by click reaction between 2-aryl-1-prop-2-ynyl-1Hindole-3-substituted and azide Aromatics were synthesized in the presence of copper(II) acetate and sodium ascorbate catalyst in ethanol solvent. Also, a series of new derivatives of 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted hybridized with thiosemicarbazone and triazole were synthesized in the presence of para toluene sulfonic acid catalyst in ethanol solvent, and the cytotoxic activity of these compounds on Hela and MCF cell lines. 7 was investigated. To solve the problem of cancer from compounds with different pharmacophores such as indole, triazole (due to the presence in many cytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds and the effectiveness of this skeleton), and thiosemicarbazone and connecting these three pharmacophores to find new compounds that have possible cytotoxicity were used. Methods: Derivatives of Indole and 3,2,1-triazoles and thiosemicarbazone are of special importance due to various biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiHIV, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer. In this paper, the click reaction was used for the synthesis of compounds. The click reactions were performed under mild conditions in the presence of cheap solvent and in a short time, and the product with high efficiency and purity (lowest amount of side products) is obtained. Click reaction of new derivatives of 3,2,1-triazoles attached to the 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted system between 2-aryl-1-prop-2-ynyl-1Hindole-3-substituted Decompound Aromatic Azides were synthesized in the presence of copper(II) acetate and sodium ascorbate catalyst in ethanol solvent. Also, a series of new derivatives of 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted hybridized with thiosemicarbazone and Triazole were also synthesized in the presence of Paratoluenesulfonic acid catalyst in ethanol solvent, and the structure of all the synthesized compounds was analyzed by IR, H-NMR1 and 13 CNMR were confirmed. Results: In order to solve the problem of cancer from compounds with different Pharmacophores such as Indole, Triazole (due to the presence in many cytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds and the effectiveness of this skeleton), and thiosemicarbazone and connecting these three pharmacophores to each other It was used to find new compounds that have possible cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds on Hela and MCF-7 cell lines was evaluated by the MTT method. Conclusion: The results showed that the investigated compounds had a significant cytotoxic effect on the Hela cell line only at the highest concentration (1000 µM) and had no effect at other concentrations and in some cases, including the effect on the MCF line. It seems that the compounds even increased cell growth. This increase in growth is likely to be due to the structural similarity of some compounds with phenolic structures, which has been shown in previous studies that phenolic groups act similar to estrogenic compounds and therefore can mimic growth. According to the results, these compounds can be considered as non-toxic agents for other therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to efficiently find the number and optimal placement of BTSs in the coverage area such that the implementation cost is minimized, while the user's traffic in the corresponding area and the channel interference constraints are satisfied. Design/methodology/approach: An integer linear mathematical model has been proposed to assign all customer points to transceiver-based stations. The objective function has been assumed to minimize fixed costs while considering a penalty for reducing interference. An optimization solver has been applied to solve the model. Findings: The proposed mathematical model was compared to another existing model in the literature from three points of view: coverage cost, construction costs, and running time. The results indicated that the proposed model has the appropriate efficiency to find solutions to real practical problems. In more detail, the proposed model succeeded to find solutions with less coverage or construction cost in a shorter time, compared with the model in literature, which has been referred to as the SSH model in the paper. However, there have been some samples in which the SSH model overtakes the proposed model in one or two mentioned aspects for comparison. Research limitations/implications: The limitation of this study is that the channel model was considered based on the simple free space path loss model, while the real channel model based on the environmental effects can be suggested for future work. Another important issue is that for BTS localization design, knowing the status of the real environment leads to the proper design in such networks. Social/practical implications: BTS localization is the most important issue in mobile networks' design. In a practical situation, there is not any software available to design a mobile network in the corresponding coverage area. Therefore, this paper can help communication engineers to implement the proposed approach in a real environment. Originality/value: In this paper, the problem of the optimal location of transceiver-based stations (BTS) in different models in the coverage area has been addressed such that the implementation cost is minimized, while the user's traffic in the corresponding area and the channel interference constraints are satisfied. This has not been considered in the literature. Any of the existing models focus on one aspect to optimize, such as maximizing the coverage, minimizing the interference, and minimizing coverage or construction costs. The novelties of the proposed model are twofold: i) two goals were considered in the objective function, i.e., minimizing construction costs and minimizing interference. Since interference with full coverage is unavoidable, the model added a penalty to the objective function to reduce the interference as much as possible; and ii) it was assumed that there is more than one single type BTS, any of which has different power, radius, and capacity. This makes the model more real and indeed more complicated to solve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to propose a flow shop scheduling problem for equipment overhaul. This problem consists of three stages, the separation of the components of an equipment is done in the first stage. Repairs and overhaul operations are carried out on the separated parts of the first stage in the second stage. Finally, the overhauled parts of the previous stage are mounted on each other in the third stage. In the third stage, operations are performed in parallel workshops. The objective function of the problem is the maximum time to complete jobs, and the sequence of processing jobs should be done in such a way that the value of the objective function is minimized. Design/methodology/approach: To solve the problem, a mixed integer programming model has been proposed for small size, which determines the processing sequence of jobs based on the position of each job. A genetic algorithm has been used to solve the problem in large dimensions. By increasing the size of the problem and in different sizes, the results have been examined and analyzed, which shows the efficiency of the model and the proposed algorithm. Findings: To check the accuracy of the model's performance and also the effect of the presence of parallel machines in the third stage, an example was presented in this paper. Accordingly, while the accuracy of the model's performance was checked, the effect of the presence of more machines was determined in the third stage. As the number of machines increased in the third stage, the value of the objective function did not deteriorate. The performance of GAMS in solving the problem in a small size was investigated. Considering that solving the problem for large dimensions is not possible in a reasonable time and the problem is NP-hard, then solving the problem in large dimensions was done using a genetic algorithm. Therefore, solving the problem on a large dimension has been done using the genetic algorithm. According to the obtained results, the efficiency of the genetic algorithm was shown. Due to its low average value, it indicated the convergence of the genetic algorithm. Research limitations/implications: Considering that there are not many published papers in the field of equipment overhaul, it is difficult to access related models and papers. Therefore, in this paper, the model and solution method have been written with many reviews. Also, to check and reduce costs, the number of third-stage machines has been determined using sensitivity analysis. Practical implications: The problem of equipment overhaul is used in many fields in reality. For example, the operations related to the maintenance, repair and overhaul of the aircraft engine have been investigated. Since the planning of maintenance and maintenance operations is difficult, the focus of research has been on improving maintenance operations by finding suitable scheduling for job shop operations in maintenance operations. They emphasized that scheduling can improve maintenance operations and presented a simulation model. Social implications: The purpose of creating a space to start an activity is to reduce costs, earn money and achieve profit. To examine the cost-effectiveness of the equipment overhaul issue, we can refer to the number of third-stage machines. According to the amount of equipment to perform an overhaul on them, the number of third-stage machines can be determined. Therefore, extra machines can be removed to reduce the cost. On the other hand, if the related equipment to the customers is different, to reduce the storage costs or increase customer satisfaction, different goals should be considered. Here, the objective function of maximum completion time is considered for this purpose. If the equipment must be available at a certain time, goals such as the total time to complete the job can be considered. In line with the application of the social implications in the investigated problem in this paper and considering that the investment costs, as well as the ability to respond to the applicants' requests, are related to the number of third-stage machines, the value of the objective function is analyzed based on the number of third-stage machines and analysis has been done. Originality/value: In this paper, a three-stage flow shop scheduling problem in the overhaul industry was studied. Accordingly, a new mathematical model based on the job processing position was proposed, which dealt with the exact solution of the problem in small dimensions. According to the type of problem in the overhaul environment, the combined flow shop problem for equipment overhaul was investigated. Also, the use of parallel machines in the third stage of the equipment overhaul problem is one of the new issues under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]