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Copyright of Rostrum of Asclepius / Vima tou Asklipiou is the property of Technological Educational Institute of Athens and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the elections of 17th November 1974, the first attempt of televisionization in the Greek electoral competition. As the first elections in Greece after a decade of political instability, owing to the diversion of democracy by dictatorship, these elections seem interesting, since they reflect not only the political and executive conditions of 'Metapolitefsi', but also the way and the relevant political effects of the transition from 'squares' to television studios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last two decades, mountain running sports events have acquired a particular dynamic and strong presence in the field of Greek amateur sports. The purpose of this paper was a) to investigate the associations arising from participation in a small-scale mountain running sports event and b) to investigate the role played by the associations, which originate from an event, in making the decision to repeat the participation to her. One hundred and seventy-four runners who took part in the Artemissio mountain running event participated in the study. The questionnaire they were asked to complete is an adaptation of the Team Association Scale by Gladden & Funk (2002) as it was applied to the field of mountain running events in Greece by Polatidou (2015). The results revealed six association factors: event personality, event staff, escape, identification -- socialization, elite athletes, and event history. Associations stemming from the event contributed positively to the prediction of the intention to repeat participation in the event (R2 =.48, F=25.58, p<.000). The factors History of the organization (t=3.88, p<.000, 32% of the variability), Escape (t=3.29, p<.005, 26% of the variability) and Personality of the organization (t=2.17, p< .05, 19% of the variability.) In conclusion, the associations that arise from participating in an event can shape participants' behavior toward it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Occupational therapy treatment in certain medical and health conditions has been consistently found to reduce health care costs and improving the quality of life of the patients. A rising strand of the literature underlines the need for socioeconomic evaluations in occupational therapy interventions. Aim: The present study is about the occupational therapy department of a Greek General Hospital, the one of Syros island. Materials and Methods: The paper has a two-fold research goal: to examine the economic costs and revenues of the occupational therapy department and to evaluate the health-related quality of life of the patients of the department, before and after the first lockdown in Greece due to COVID-19, that lead to a three-month shutdown of all occupational therapy sessions. Results: Regarding the economic evaluation part, there seems to be a downward trend in the department's expenditure, mainly due to the nationwide decrease in wages. However, there is noted a large discrepancy between costs and revenues of the department, due to the insufficient public reimbursement and the low pricing imposed on occupational therapy sessions. On the other hand, health-related quality of life scores of the patients treated, just before the lockdown (in February 2020), differentiate between age groups. Conclusions: For adult patients, there does not seem to be any significant differences in their health-related quality of life due to the disruption of their treatment. Still, for children-patients, a significant number of them seems to have lower health-related quality of life scores after the three-month disruption in their sessions. The results should be viewed with caution due to the limitations in the sample size and information. Still, due to the scarcity of studies in this area, we hope the study can provide some initial research insights on the research topics addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic of Covid-19 has a strong influence on all the sectors of the international sport industry, including professional, amateur sport leagues and sport clubs. Specifically, along with other sectors of the society, the Greek sporting community has been greatly affected by the lockdowns during the past year. Bourdieu's concept of habitus has proven to be a very useful tool when it comes to explaining sociological phenomena in many societies. However, habitus has not yet been used from the lens of a pandemic affecting sporting activities. In highlighting the sociological aspects and in providing a framework for understanding the impact of covid-19 on sporting structures and sports participation, this paper makes reference to Bourdieu's concept of habitus; the aim is to shed light and provide a better insight of how the pandemic can affect the sport community in Greece. The article methodologically followed the traditional form of bibliographic reviews, the narrative and relied on the limited existing bibliography as well as online publications and statements by representatives of organizations such as those presented and presented during the pandemic, as the pandemic is still ongoing at the time of writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spring of 2020 will be remembered by the global educational community as a period of circumstances that sparked a series of outstanding changes in the way we teach but also raised questions about teachers' readiness to accomplish their educational tasks and deal with collective management situations and relationships among participants in the educational process. Schools in Greece closed in early March leaving the education world struggling to cope with the new situation. Teachers had to overcome certain obstacles such as the shortage of digital skills and equipment or the lack of communication protocols between the school and the families. Despite the difficulties, teachers responded to the call for emergency remote teaching. Yet, the question still remains: could school communities anticipate and be prepared to confront successfully situations like this one? Could they have taken initiatives relying on and making the most out of their internal power? The paper begins with a reference to the educational context in Greece and the investigation of the digital readiness of the teachers who were called to act in different conditions. Recently published articles and evidence describe a stress generating situation which intensified teachers' burn-out. And these findings coincide with colleagues' comments during discussions and online meetings. Nevertheless, researchers and education scholars reconfirm their confidence in the defense mechanisms each school community possesses. In this struggle, there are two potential allies: the use of digital media and the organizational structure suggested by the Democratic School model. This proposal includes a primary school's efforts to get out of the Covid-19 period digitally stronger and more resilient having capitalized the potential hidden within: school-based training on digital media use and collaborative action planning as evidence of a democratically structured community. After defining the different qualities of distance learning and emergency remote teaching and the main pillars of the Democratic School drawing from the relevant literature, the paper focuses on the initiatives taken by the school community during and after the end of schools lockdown. These included the construction and administration of two questionnaires and a short series of activities for pupils which were implemented with the help of School Psychologists. The first questionnaire which addressed the pupils' families was delivered online at the beginning of the remote teaching period with a view to collecting information about the problems families faced with the procedure or the lack of equipment. The second questionnaire addressed the teachers and it included questions which aimed at sketching their reaction and needs so that a series of training events is organized in the coming school year. The findings of both surveys resulted in the following: Parents responded to the invitation to complete the questionnaire at a level of 66,2%. They offered information about the available digital equipment and the problems they faced while trying to help their children attend the online classes. A percentage of 14,5% stated the lack of any type of digital device, a fact which received the school community's attention and certain initiatives were taken so that a number of tablets was provided to those in need. On the other hand, teachers managed to respond successfully by creating a large number of e-classes. The majority of the teachers managed to discern an opportunity to learn more about this new way of teaching and expressed their willingness to participate in school-based training workshops offered by members of staff with expertise in the area. Finally, pupils expressed their feelings about the new way of teaching in positive comments although the prevailing feeling when back at school was that of relief. All data collected are regarded as the pieces of a bigger puzzle, the one of a school community which aspires to make the most out of a painful situation and see it as a challenge capable of generating a new vision. The idea for taking the time to look for this information goes beyond the surface of any educational system. The teachers and administrative staff of the school have joined forces to tackle what at first looked difficult to achieve. They have taken the first steps towards the design and implementation of the coming educational landscape with all factors included. Issues like the professional development of teachers, the emotional health of all school community members, the quality of teaching under strenuous circumstances need to be handled with care. The re-shaping of education due to the new situation might be a reality which calls for joint efforts. Democratically organized schools should think ahead and pave the way for change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nursing Care & Research / Nosileia kai Ereuna is the property of Greek Nursing Studies Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Hellenic Medicine / Arheia Ellenikes Iatrikes is the property of Athens Medical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The continuous progress of new technologies transforms rapidly the field of education and it offers the necessary functional and friendly infrastructure for the development of distance education in schools. School Distance Education (SDE) can support a wide range of learning needs and offer effective solutions to the problems of geomorphology, pandemics, lack of teachers, supplementary or differentiated teaching, etc. by supporting both teachers in their work and students to enhance their performances. Innovative and flexible forms of learning are encouraged in SDE such as individualized, collaborative, experiential and exploratory learning. The expansion of the autonomous and complementary SDE in the range of formal education is considered necessary in Greece in the context of supporting equal educational opportunities. Fragmentary initiatives had been launched in formal and non-formal education system or innovative actions in the SDE, till the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. Then SDE evolves rapidly in the form of "Emergency Remote Teaching". This form was temporarily activated in response to the crisis, with the positive response and participation of teachers without a wide range of options and full management control. The complex conditions that are being faced require new roles for all stakeholders in school education. Educational systems are tested on the ways / methods of maintaining the educational practice outside of school in matters of pedagogical responsibility and technological readiness. With the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and the forced closure of schools, a project of Emergency Remote Teaching began in Greece with synchronous, asynchronous teaching methods and TV broadcasts. Educational RadioTelevision (EduTV) of the Ministry of Education today supports students and teachers, encouraging their participation in authentic learning environments, which can inspire and offer conditions for collaborative creativity and cultivation of 21st century skills. EduTV produces educational audiovisual content specially designed and developed based on the Distance Education principles, which can furthermore support interactive communication. In addition to production, EduTV contributes to SDE in the dimensions of mass broadcasting through public television, distribution in digital repositories with open licenses, enabling integration and interaction in online learning environments. The open source H5P software offers teachers a strongly powerful tool to create their own interactive videos as part of their educational plans and practices in classrooms, Web learning environments or combining them by inserting interactive elements. The paper first presents an introduction to Distance Education and its principles and then emphasizes in SDE and the concepts of autonomous and complementary SDE. The second section approaches the role of EduTV in SDE on the one hand in its traditional form with the production and dissemination of audiovisual material and on the other hand with the utilization of streaming media on the Internet. The third section focuses on the initiatives of the EduTV in both SDE and Emergency Remote Teaching. Moreover, it highlights the potential of video-lessons accessible by students with hearing problems, produced during the pandemic. The paper highlights the conclusions from the contribution of EduTV in front of the challenges that arise from the convergence of television and Internet technologies as well as from the complex conditions of 21st century education. The contribution of EduTV to SDE is highlighted as well as the ways in which it can support traditional school education and propose solutions to the complex pandemic situations or the geomorphological situations of the Greek school and moreover the special educational needs of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Hellenic Medicine / Arheia Ellenikes Iatrikes is the property of Athens Medical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Open Education: The Journal for Open & Distance Education & Educational Technology is the property of Hellenic Network of Open & Distance Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rostrum of Asclepius / Vima tou Asklipiou is the property of Technological Educational Institute of Athens and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Society: Journal of Political & Moral Theory is the property of Editorial Board of Science & Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rostrum of Asclepius / Vima tou Asklipiou is the property of Technological Educational Institute of Athens and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rostrum of Asclepius / Vima tou Asklipiou is the property of Technological Educational Institute of Athens and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Interscientific Health Care is the property of University of Thessaly, Medical School / Technological Education Institute, Nursing Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Open Education: The Journal for Open & Distance Education & Educational Technology is the property of Hellenic Network of Open & Distance Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Open Education: The Journal for Open & Distance Education & Educational Technology is the property of Hellenic Network of Open & Distance Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Open Education: The Journal for Open & Distance Education & Educational Technology is the property of Hellenic Network of Open & Distance Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rostrum of Asclepius / Vima tou Asklipiou is the property of Technological Educational Institute of Athens and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rostrum of Asclepius / Vima tou Asklipiou is the property of Technological Educational Institute of Athens and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to analyse the profile and characteristics of those amateur runners, who participate in marathon running events, and to analyze the factors related to their perception about their running activity. In this paper data from a total of 323 runners were analysed (83% males and 17% females). An online questionnaire was used to collect data, which was based on the questionnaire about running from the Danish Institute for Sport Studies (Forsberg, 2012). For the measurement of the reasons to engage in running the measurement scales of Carmack & Rainer (1979) and Leedy (2000) were taken into consideration, of the commitment to running, the scales of Leedy (2000) and of the identity of runners, the scales of Anderson & Cychosz (1994). The results showed that more than half of the respondents had a running background of up to four years and most of them adapt similar motivations for their engagement in running, dominantly the motivations, which are related to the physical and mental health benefits of running. The marathoners are individuals of mostly 30 years of age, most of them fall under the middle income class, they are highly educated and they dominantly work in the private sector. The runners of the sample identify themselves as runners and they are proud of this and have a more neutral identity to other runners. Also, they are highly dedicated to their running activity, an element, which seems important to overcome the demands of their marathon training. By understanding the profile of today's runners we can support their running activity, and generally the running movement in Greece, enhancing its role in the athletic culture of the Greek population [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nursing Care & Research / Nosileia kai Ereuna is the property of Greek Nursing Studies Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Interscientific Health Care is the property of University of Thessaly, Medical School / Technological Education Institute, Nursing Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The dissemination of the use of the video, as a synchronous form of communication, changed the data both in people's communication and in the applications in the Distance Education. The use of the video in the Distance Education highlights the need to develop new communication skills for online learning environments, both for instructors and learners. Videoconference is now a widespread mean of communication in the Distance Education and it is used at all levels of the Distance Education, like in Distance Education programs of primary, secondary, tertiary education or in Distance Education training programs. The bibliography, moreover, demonstrates the particular interest of researchers in its study. More specifically, videoconference refers to the way in which the participants communicate in real time through audio or video, or with both, having the possibility of exchanging data and applications, while they are in two or more different geographic locations. Videoconferencing can be interactive or not, while in the context of asynchronous tele-education it can be performed through recorded-video sharing. Through the technology of videoconferencing, the implementation of the virtual classrooms in which teaching becomes the whole, or most of it, online, with synchronous or asynchronous ways of communication, is done. Virtual classrooms are, also, considered to be the electronic classes in virtual learning environments or in virtual worlds environments, using (or not) avatars. Videoconference, offering a rich communication environment, is a form of teaching very close to "in person" teaching, since it provides visual, auditory and verbal stimuli, reducing the feeling of isolation of learners. Communication through audio, text, video and the expression of participants' sentiments increases the interaction in relation to other ways of online learning. Through the videoconferencing, the telepresence that depends on the curriculum, the collaboration and the teaching methods takes place. The purpose of this paper is to present the research interest to videoconferencing in the scientific field of the Distance Education. Through a focused bibliographic review of domestic and international bibliographical sources, the objects of the research activity are recorded, as well as the conclusions that emerged, in relation to the implementation of the videoconference and the synchronous form of communication in the Distance Education. Specifically, 58 articles and unpublished master theses related to the videoconferencing and the synchronous form of communication in the Distance Education were selected. The bibliographical sources relate to the last twelve years and they are geographically sourced from all the 5 continents. The implementations of the videoconferencing in primary and secondary education have been particularly concerned with researchers, whose efforts are in the presentation of innovative educational applications using the medium of videoconferencing. The researchers' efforts are, also, in the study of alternative approaches to the teaching utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), as well as in the evaluation of their effectiveness in the educational process. The research on the videoconference, related to higher education, includes the study of the ease of use of technology by modern people in relation to learning, the role of interaction, but also the creation of a learning community in virtual classrooms. Other researchers are involved in the role of specific pedagogical parameters and with the emotional aspects of learning in relation to videoconferencing. Videoconference as an educational tool appears in the bibliography and as an important element of the educational process in training programs. The findings of the research show that the research activity for videoconferencing in Greece is limited in relation to the international bibliography, and that the videoconference has not been specifically studied in the function of learning at individual and group level. The bibliographical review highlights both the use of videoconferencing in the Distance Education programs and the special interest of researchers in the study of its implementation. The research at both international and Greek level focuses on educational programs related to formal and non-formal education. The most frequent objects of research activity are the design, evaluation and effectiveness of educational applications that use videoconferencing. The majority of researchers agree that videoconferencing contributes to enhancing the interaction, communication and support of participants. On the other hand, it is noted that the implementation of the videoconferencing should have a correct and specific design, based on pedagogical criteria, in order to enhance the quality of both learning and teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The place of divination-the pre-eminent space of communication between the mortal and the immortal-is comprised by a number of elements that not only require the manifestation of the divine, but which are also express the everlasting reality of the ancient Greek Religion. Since the prehistoric times, the divination space was consisted of five elements - of the Universe itself: the sacred grove, the altar, the sacred waters, the sanctuary and the omphalos, which communicated with a sign or signs the direction which the sight of every χρηστηρταζóμεν?ς (worshipper) had to follow: not horizontally but vertically. The aim of the present paper is to understand the link between the water element and the ancient process of divination, by starting from an objective fact: all the ancient Greek oracles were operating close to sources and bodies of water such as springs of water,, lakes, rivers and coasts. It seems that the water element symbolizes the cradle of conscious life, which until today is regarded as essential in the process of foreseeing the future, a synthesis namely-a link-between the past and the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This paper discusses anti-smoking policies in Greece, Armenia and N. Zealand. A historical perspective showing different cultural and traditional differences is also provided. Aims: The aim was to examine smoking policies/practises in countries with polar opposite official and public attitudes towards smoking. A critical analysis approach was used. Discussion: Greece has responded slowly towards contemporary smoking policies. New Zealand is a country with a long standing public debate concerning tobacco legislation or self regulation and with strong anti-tobacco policies in situ. Armenia is among the top five tobacco consuming countries worldwide, with almost three quarters of the population smoking. It is also one of the latest countries to adopt a formal anti-smoking policy which was twice rejected by the local parliament and is still not fully implemented although it has become official law since 2005. Conclusions: Many Greeks perceive smoking legislation as an imposition on their rights in general. It is clear that anti-tobacco policies in Greece need to consider the resistance of the adult population to constraint on their perceived freedom. This factor and the many other reported in this paper clearly indicate that new policies should target the young especially those of junior school age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Hellenic Medicine / Arheia Ellenikes Iatrikes is the property of Athens Medical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rostrum of Asclepius / Vima tou Asklipiou is the property of Technological Educational Institute of Athens and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nosileftiki is the property of Hellenic Nurses' Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rostrum of Asclepius / Vima tou Asklipiou is the property of Technological Educational Institute of Athens and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Interscientific Health Care is the property of University of Thessaly, Medical School / Technological Education Institute, Nursing Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rostrum of Asclepius / Vima tou Asklipiou is the property of Technological Educational Institute of Athens and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rostrum of Asclepius / Vima tou Asklipiou is the property of Technological Educational Institute of Athens and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Hellenic Medicine / Arheia Ellenikes Iatrikes is the property of Athens Medical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION: Children's knowledge about first aid is extremely important to decrease the negative consequences of accidents. PURPOSE: To evaluate the knowledge of high school pupils about first aid and the effectiveness of an educational program. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted between October 2014 to April 2015 with voluntarily participation of high school pupils of Piraeus. Pupils' knowledge was assessed with 22 questions with multiple answers. Pupils completed the knowledge questionnaire in two times, one before and one a week after the educational program. Data analysis was performed with the statistical package IBM SPSS 21.0. RESULTS: The mean first aid knowledge score before the educational program was 9.2, while after that was 21.6 (p<0.001). Increased grade in school was associated with increased first aid knowledge score after the educational program (p<0.001). Also, increased grade in school (p<0.001), increased information about first aids (p=0.014) and increased visiting of web pages with healthcare material (p=0.03) were associated with increased first aid knowledge score before the educational program. Finally, first aid knowledge score was higher for pupils in public schools than those in private schools (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The educational program increased considerably the limited knowledge of pupils about first aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Refugees, Migrants and Roma, have complex and various medical and social needs, where it results that the health professionals have to deal with many challenges in progress of providing health care. Purpose: The research of the health professionals' points of views, towards the particularities of the provision of care to the refugees, migrants and Roma. Material and Method: For the research was used the method of sampling none probabilities since the population is not known while the sampling is also defined as convenience methodology. The questionnaire was posted on the internet and was sent in different e-mails and web pages in order to collect the answers. The form of the questionnaire was digital and the creation of the questionnaire was carried out using Google Docs. Results: The 87% of the participants to the research were women and the 13% men, the vast majority of the participants have concluded higher education level and master's degree. the people participated in the research were living all over Greece and only few of them lived abroad, most of the them are working in hospitals and they answered that they didn't know the term intercultural nursing. More than half of the interviewees answered that the lack of intercultural training creates fear and anxiety to them since they are having trouble communicating, having trouble with cultural peculiarities or the absence of translators. Many of the respondents expressed their desire to attend intercultural health education programs since most of them are not educated -- prepared to help foreigners because they lack knowledge in cultural issues that affect attitude or behavior (e.g., transfusion). Finally this research demonstrated that the majority of the Health care professionals believe that the positive climate of cooperation between them and with the leadership of the health services helps and positively influences the service of foreigners / immigrants / Roma. Conclusions: The health professionals should have the necessary knowledge in order to approach effectively their patients of different cultural teams and they are adjusting at different juncture and requirements. That's why education in intercultural health care must be continuous in order to sensitize and inform the health professionals about the peculiarities of the people with different social background, different culture or language, with further purpose the improvement of the provision of Intercultural Health Care in the context of a multicultural society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Hellenic Medicine / Arheia Ellenikes Iatrikes is the property of Athens Medical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Hellenic Medicine / Arheia Ellenikes Iatrikes is the property of Athens Medical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Hellenic Medicine / Arheia Ellenikes Iatrikes is the property of Athens Medical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rostrum of Asclepius / Vima tou Asklipiou is the property of Technological Educational Institute of Athens and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rostrum of Asclepius / Vima tou Asklipiou is the property of Technological Educational Institute of Athens and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Hellenic Medicine / Arheia Ellenikes Iatrikes is the property of Athens Medical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Hellenic Medicine / Arheia Ellenikes Iatrikes is the property of Athens Medical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The impact of cancer in the mental realm is an issue of huge interest, which has been studied for decades by health care scientists and psychologists. The review of medical literature reveals that approximately one in two patients with cancer manifest psychiatric disorders due to the illness. In the case of breast cancer, patients often experience anxiety and depression problems involving also their families, either as a side effect of therapeutic approaches that are followed, or as an effect of the disease itself. So, an in-depth analysis and understanding of these problems is extremely important, aiming to tackle them. Aim: The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of breast cancer in the psychological world of the patient and her family, regarding the generation of feelings of anxiety and depression. Method: A comprehensive search in the bibliographic databases “Medline” and “ScienceDirect” has been conducted, along with a search over HEAL-Link. The keywords used included “breast cancer”, “family” and “psychological implications”. The search referred to articles from 1995 to 2012, whereas purely medical articles on breast cancer were excluded. Results: The paper identified extensive international research on the subject of stress and depression that breast cancer incurs to patients. The psychological morbidity causes are summarized in the cancer itself, as well as in the therapeutic approaches followed by the patient. Its implications lie in the patient and the quality of her mental life, in her family, in the social environment and in the disease itself, exacerbating its effects. Conclusions: There are consequences to both the quality of life of the patient and the disease itself. For this reason, a careful behavior towards the patient is needed, as well as patience on behalf of the patient herself. In addition, there are several internationally proposed ways of therapeutic approach to depression and anxiety that causes the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific evidences are about the results of studies that are conducted in health sciences and are used in everyday clinical practice in combination with clinical experience and patients' values. For this reason, health scientists must rely on the results that come from reliable and valid studies. Today, articles are searched and found relatively easily and immediately via the internet, using the various databases with regards to health sciences. Finding of appropriate evidence in databases requires common sense, knowledge, experience and patience. During the time, adaptation to the databases is increased continuously and literature search becomes easier and leads to more valid results. Successful search and recovery of the appropriate articles in databases are determined to a large extent from key-words or, differently, from search terms that are used by the investigators. Substantially, the key-words are those that determine the validity of recovery of appropriate articles. Moreover, it is very important to determine with clarity the research question that is to be investigated. The most important databases via the internet with regards to health sciences are the following: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Collaboration, CINAHL, ISI Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, COS Conference Papers Index, Scirus, ClinicalTrials.gov and IATROTEK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, interest in hospital administration has turned increasingly to the effective motivation of doctors. Purpose: The presentation of selected theories of motivation through literature review and their application in medical and hospital staff. Material and methods: The Greek and international bibliography has been reviewed, and in particular papers on the motivation theories of medical staff published during the last ten years via Pub Med and Science Direct, during the period 2008-2011. The keywords that were used are: motivation, doctor needs motivation and motivation theories, motivation and medical stuff. Results: According to the literature, the motivation of doctors is a complex issue. The financial incentives cannot by themselves stimulate physicians, incentives that have to do with the achieving of goals and the recognition in the workplace and the possibility of professional development are more realistic and feasible. The issue of incentives is important for individual achievements and for the management of medical staff. The application of modern theories of motivation is essential to maintaining a satisfied staff, which sets the basis for creating a robust health care delivery system. Conclusions: For an efficient use of medical resources is necessary to diagnose the needs and selection of appropriate techniques, which offer various theories of incentives which will motivate doctors increasing their performance and satisfaction from work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nursing, as a humanitarian science, offers its services, on the comprehensive care of patients. Each nurse handling, involves the possibility of error. Meurier appointed nursing error as "any act, any decision or omission by a nurse, assessed as incorrect, by more experienced colleagues, and have adverse consequences for patients". Medication errors are the most common category of nursing errors. They affect health, patient safety and also have a high economic impact to health systems of each country. Aim: The present study investigated the causative factors of nursing errors, the frequency of medication errors and the ways of reporting, recording and managing these errors in the hospitals of Greece. Method: For the purpose of this study, a descriptive cross-sectional design was used. The sample consisted of 176 registered nurses, from eight public and three private hospitals, working in the ICU and their duties included the administration of drugs. Data collection was performed using an anonymous structured questionnaire that included demographic characteristics of the sample and closed questions about the factors implicated in the occurrence of errors and their management. To investigate the existence of correlation between demographics and various questions referred to the management of errors by nurses, the criterion of heterogeneity X2 of Pearson was used and to check for correlation between questions that reflect the participants' views on working conditions and management of errors, the non-parametric correlation coefficient of Spearman (Spearman rho) was applied. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17 software. Results: After statistical analysis of data, the most important causative factors for the occurrence of errors are the nursing workload (78.9%), the distraction of nurses (75.8%) and the burnout (56.8%). More than 9 out of 10 nurses have made errors in drug administration (91.5%), especially with the wrong dose (34.7%) and the wrong time of administration (32.4%). Finally, 86.6% of the respondents believed that the official record of nursing errors would improve health care provision. Conclusions: Nursing errors are a reality for Greek hospitals. The major causative factors are workload, burnout and frequent interruptions to nurses during preparation and administration of medication. Although nurses seem to want the official record of errors, much still refuses to reveal any, while in Greece there is no formal mechanism to manage these errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper elaborates on the revision of the Founding Act 2083/1992 and 2552/1997 of the Greek Open University. The Founding Act of the Greek Open University has changed over time, depending on the socio-economic conditions and labor market requirements. It should be noted that the proposed changes are directly related to the subjects of the faculties of the Greek Open University and are focused in three areas: 1. The self-administered of the Greek Open University, which means to modify Law 2252/1997, in order to set up and operate the following bodies: Rector's Council, General Assembly Department, Board and Chairman of that Department and to divide Schools into departments and sectors (eg. School of Science and Technology in 2 Departments, etc.) 2. The modernization of the Greek Open University to the needs and demands of society (making subjects contemporary, in order to respond to the needs of society, exploring the labor market for the employment of graduates of the Greek Open University, etc.) and 3. Support of the philosophy of Open Education (reduction or abolition of tuition fees for students so that more people can study etc.). With these proposed changes the Greek Open University will attract more people who either wish to start their studies or they wish to continue them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Distance Learning programs communication between students and tutors is a key factor contributing to the completion of studies and the success of the programme. By means of this communication the tutor can facilitate the interaction and active involvement of students with the learning material, and motivate their interest in deeper understanding. Thus, they contribute to students' effort towards discovery of knowledge. In addition, effective communication can act as support for the student through clear and adequate feedback, which informs the students of their progress and provides vital encouragement. In this paper we present the survey which was administered to tutors of the course module EDU65 (Open and Distance Education) of the Hellenic Open University. The objective of the survey was to study their views on the frequency, subject and ways of communication with the students. Through their answers we try to determine their perception of the dual role they play in H.O.U. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]