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This paper and following one are intented to clarify the ideas and functions of "The 12th Instruction of Ministery of Education in 1899" (so-called "the interdict of religious education), through analyzing the process of the formation, application and adaptation of the Instruction. The course to the promulgation of the Instruction, which is discussed in this paper, shows that the aim of the Instruction was to reinforce the educational structure and thoughts of Tenno System, replacing the conservative sides of the System by the semi-liberal (or pseudo-liberal) ones, or adapting Tenno System to the new situation at the beginning of the 20th century Japan.

In our country, several models have been already created of the optimization of the teaching-leaning process. As soon as we are going to apply these models to the teaching system in physical education, we encounter, however, several difficult problems which have not been solved yet. In the present paper, we are going to construct a tentative new model through criticizing these models. The fundamental conditions under which we work out a new model are as follows: (1) As the teaching system of physical education has two aspects of character-building and discipline as well, the interaction of each individual in a group can not be neglected. (2) Physical exercise which is performed chiefly in physical education is not a mean but an end itself. (3) The teaching system should be optimized as a complement of school operation. (4) The subject who optimizes the teaching system is a teacher. Under those conditions, we will perform the following experiment in near future. The technique of the teaching system goes spontaneously through the process to the optimization, so we intend to try reconstruct this process factitiously. Then the teaching activities will be identified as a variable of action.

In our country, several models have been already created of the optimization of the teaching-leaning process. As soon as we are going to apply these models to the teaching system in physical education, we encounter, however, several difficult problems which have not been solved yet. In the present paper, we are going to construct a tentative new model through criticizing these models. The fundamental conditions under which we work out a new model are as follows: (1) As the teaching system of physical education has two aspects of character-building and discipline as well, the interaction of each individual in a group can not be neglected. (2) Physical exercise which is performed chiefly in physical education is not a mean but an end itself. (3) The teaching system should be optimized as a complement of school operation. (4) The subject who optimizes the teaching system is a teacher. Under those conditions, we will perform the following experiment in near future. The technique of the teaching system goes spontaneously through the process to the optimization, so we intend to try reconstruct this process factitiously. Then the teaching activities will be identified as a variable of action.

Recently, the studies on the basic problems on the course of study have been systematically promoted and organized in order to make an idea of the theoretical bases for course teaching. This is very important for the reconstruction of curriculum in the faculty of education in university or teacher's college for the training of primary or secondary school teachers. This paper deals with both structure and view-point of a new form of pedagogy for the course of studies in general, so called kyoka kyouikugaku in Japan, and the method of investigation was discussed chiefly from the viwe-point of science education.