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In order to publish good research papers from Japan, it is necessary to conduct good (i.e., meaningful) research, obtain good (i.e., meaningful) results, and write good manuscripts that convey the significance of research. In particular, when aiming for publication in an English medical journal, the manuscript should be written in correct and accurate English, which is a major challenge for authors who are non-native speakers of English, such as those from Japan. At the same time, to ensure that the manuscript is a "good paper," attention should also be paid to elements other than language. To write a paper that will be accepted by reliable medical journals, including top-ranked ones, the content should be appropriately written according to the requirements based on international standards, such as the reporting guidelines endorsed by the EQUATOR Network and the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors; this is a common challenge not only for Japanese authors but for authors around the world. Medical writers are professionals who improve the quality of manuscripts and facilitate the publication of research. Based on my own expertise and experience as a medical writer for 20 years in supporting clinical research, I would like to describe the steps I think should be followed to produce good manuscripts. I would also like to focus on the importance of education and of collaboration with professionals in writing and publishing research papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Japan Society of Publishing Studies is the property of Japan Society of Publishing Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Socio-Economic History / Shakai-Keizai Shigaku is the property of Socio-Economic History Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document shows the layout for manuscripts to be submitted to the journal of the Japan research association for textile end-uses written in Japanese. Since final images will be made based on the manuscripts prepared by Microsoft Word, authors must follow this document in detail. Authors also must beprepare manuscripts according tothe instruction for the preparation of the journal. Final images might be different from the layout produced by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Publication is a means of communicating one's research. The word publication is derived from the Latin, "publicare," meaning "to make public". Articles reporting clinical research/trials are used as evidence to make treatment decisions to improve patient health. Therefore, it is imperative that such publications adhere to publication ethics. Major biomedical journals are tightening their submission rules to ensure the transparency of clinical research/ trials and associated articles. Of the scientific publications covered by Medline, 95% are in English. Thus, it is essential to comply with the ever-changing international standards for publication, including clinical trial disclosures. When preparing to submit a medical research manuscript, the authors encounter various practical issues requiring ethically correct decisions and timely responses. Therefore, pharmaceutical companies assign a person with expertise in ethics, publication management and planning to ensure ethical practice. Some hire medical writers to assist authors. However, although publication is vital in academia, as represented by the words "Publish or perish", manuscript preparation is often left to individual busy researchers without sufficient support. Employing publication specialists could be an option to increase the number of clinical research papers in English by Japanese researchers while ensuring adherence to publication ethics. However, comprehensive ethical training and resource allocation are prerequisites for creating an environment conducive to success in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Japanese Journal of Education & Welfare on Snoezelen is the property of INSA Japan Snoezelen Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper postulates a user-restriction policy for tourism to maintain SDGs at underpopulated destinations using a real-option framework. The sharp decline in tourism caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has forced many tourism related businesses to go out of business in Japan. Our paper is even more important because the post-pandemic tourists may well reduced the amenity level of under-populated destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Japan has one of the fastest growing aging populations in the world. By 2040, Japan's aged adult population is estimated to increase to a historically unprecedented level of 40 percent. As the population ages, the prevalence of frailty, a significant predictive factor for nursing care, is expected to rise. Eggs are recognized as functional foods that provide an array of essential nutrients and bioactive compounds that can positively impact human health, making them a cost-effective dietary choice. Given that eggs are a rich source of high-quality protein, they have the potential to prevent frailty. However, few studies have investigated the association between habitual egg consumption and frailty prevention. In the Shimane University Cohort Study, which mainly focuses on the Oki Islands, we examined this association in community-dwelling older adults. In this paper, we will review the main findings regarding the link between habitual egg consumption and frailty in our cohort study, as well as other recent publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to discuss the implementation and importance about the multinomial logit model of Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort analysis. Since the design matrix of three factors does not become full rank due to the identification problem derived from linear dependency between age, period and cohort, few studies have used a complex model. In contrast, this paper presents the practical multinomial logit model with efficient sampling by reparameterization about the constraints of assuming a random walk for each effect. Furthermore, we compared the estimates of the logit model and the multidimensional model about political issues that should be considered from multiple perspectives. Using repeated cross-sectional survey in Japan from 1973 to 2013, the multinomial logit model was shown to be effective because it was able to obtain a trend that were not captured in the logit model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environment surrounding Japanese corporate pension and retirement benefit accounting has been rapidly diversifying in recent years. The qualified retirement pension system, which has supported the corporate pension system for many years, was abolished at the end of March 2012. In addition, the other welfare pension fund system has also been reformed with a view to abolishing it in the future. These rapid changes in the environment require business owners to make important choices regarding company performance and employee benefits. For example, it is a decision to shift to a defined contribution pension plan or a defined benefit pension plan, or to abolish or dissolve it. There are already many studies on the defined contribution pension plan system and cash balance pension plan in Japan, including research in the United States. However, it is hard to say that much research on the qualified retirement pension system and the welfare pension fund system has been accumulated. Therefore, in this paper, we are trying to analyze the system and empirical analysis of the welfare pension fund system that is scheduled to be abolished. In the factor analysis regarding the abolition of the welfare pension fund, we will consider in detail by hypothesis setting and estimation formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Records Management: Journal of the Records Management Society of Japan is the property of Records Management Society of Japan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses how corporate disclosure impacts the value of Japanese companies from the viewpoint of institutional investors. Japan's Corporate Governance Code was first introduced in 2015, and has since been revised twice. The number of companies publishing corporate integrated reports increased from 10 in 2007 to 718 in 2021. The role of an integrated report is to reduce the cost of capital and increase corporate value through improved information disclosure. Corporate integrated reports are based on the question: "What information do institutional investors require to best value the company?" However, there is no research on what kind of integrated reports institutional investors find useful, due to the short history of integrated reports. This paper analyzes the integrated reports selected by GPIF by using quantitative text mining analysis. It finds that there is demand for clear messages by top management, and clear corporate KPIs using financial and non-financial information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environment surrounding Japanese corporate pension and retirement benefit accounting has been rapidly diversifying in recent years. The qualified retirement pension system, which has supported the corporate pension system for many years, was abolished at the end of March 2012. In addition, the other welfare pension fund system has also been reformed with a view to abolishing it in the future. These rapid changes in the environment require business owners to make important choices regarding company performance and employee benefits. For example, it is a decision to shift to a defined contribution pension plan or a defined benefit pension plan, or to abolish or dissolve it. There are already many studies on the defined contribution pension plan system and cash balance pension plan in Japan, including research in the United States. However, it is hard to say that much research on the qualified retirement pension system and the welfare pension fund system has been accumulated. Therefore, in this paper, we are trying to analyze the system and empirical analysis of the welfare pension fund system that is scheduled to be abolished. In the factor analysis regarding the abolition of the welfare pension fund, we will consider in detail by hypothesis setting and estimation formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the reconstruction progress and future of local communities in tsunamiaffected areas after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Mental problems have been cited as a long-term issue affecting victims in the areas. At the same time, these areas have also seen the withdrawal of supporters. These withdrawals are unavoidable as reconstruction progresses because most of the supporters come from outside the region. Therefore, the local communities must build a foundation to support victims' lives. Thus, we must ask, what kind of process has been followed? I would like to focus on the loss and regaining process of "ikigai" (=the reason for existence) of victims, based on the contents of my book, The Sociology of Post-Earthquake Reconstruction and of the reason for existence. This paper will discuss three cases in Iwanuma City and Watari Town. In the case of farmers in Iwanuma, the damage caused by the tsunami and the reconstruction policies of building "strong agriculture" changed the area's industrial structure. Most elderly farmers accepted the policies and decided to retire, but were troubled by the loss of their daily habits, and having "nothing to do." To overcome this, they restarted farming as a way of life, which was opposite to the planned policy. However, not all victims could address loss of livelihood by themselves, therefore, the support activities conducted by non-profit groups (NPOs) were successful. The "Healthy Agriculture" program in Watari provided an opportunity to overcome the loss of the way of life. However, when supporters withdrew in 2016, after 5 years from the disaster, the continuation of the activities became problematic. Another NPO led by residents then took over, and a sense of community was created among the inland and coastal residents, who had little to do with each other before. Based on these results, I would like to suggest discussion themes for future research on regions and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes unsteady and inconsistent policymaking against COVID-19 in Japan. It also tries to draw lessons from its initial experiences to develop epidemic preparations against radically new infectious diseases. After briefly reviewing concepts of public health, and legal and administrative pandemic preparations in Japan, it points out two shortcomings in Japanese responses against COVID-19 in 2020: insufficient consideration on scale of responses necessary for massive epidemic and reluctancy to face lack of sufficient knowledge or incompetency in providing evidence-informed policy at the beginning of epidemic. The paper focuses on the latter point and argues that we need to weave unsteadiness into public health preparedness against radically new infectious diseases by introducing the following four planned actions: recognition of intrinsic uncertainty in policy making at the initial period of such epidemics, preparation for effective and rapid development of scientific knowledge to convert uncertainty into measurable risks, scientifically competent organization for collecting, synthesizing, and distributing new knowledge, and development of human resources for such activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The status of 37 species of breeding seabirds in Japan has been reported by Hasegawa(1984). However, since then, no report has been made. The author was involved in the launch of seabird monitoring for the Monitoring site 1000 project by the Ministry of the Environment in 2004. In the over 15 years since then, population and habitat have been surveyed in 30 major breeding areas, including 80 islands and islets in Japan. In this paper, the previous studies including reports based on this project and the seabird colony database were reviewed. The populations of many species at various islands declined, possibly because of introduced predators and human disturbance. The nesting habitats of most of the seabird breeding areas had deteriorated. Therefore, the continuous monitoring of the change of the population and nesting habitat and quick operation of appropriate conservation measures, eradication of introduced predators and redacation of human disturbance)are required. In this paper, 1)distribution of seabirds, 2)monitoring seabird survey, 3)current status, 4)introduced predators, and 5)conservation activities are summarized. Further 1)necessity of long-term monitoring of seabirds, 2)extermination of introduced predators, 3)reduction of anthropogenic disturbances, and 4)issues of conservation measures are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As learning analytics research has become active both in Japan and abroad, there is a growing demand for data analysis that contributes to the improvement of learning environments that utilizes evidence based on the collection of the results of such analysis. However, in order to accumulate evidence for effective improvement of learning environment, data analysis and practical studies are needed to be utilized for improvement of learning environment. This explanatory paper reviews research on evidence-based improvement of learning environments through learning analytics and introduces examples of learning analytics research conducted by the authors to support learning and improve teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Japan, the increasing trend of delayed marriage and inclusion of infertility treatments into insurance coverage have led to a significant need to develop comprehensive treatment plans which incorporate dental interventions commencing prior to the initiation of infertility treatments. This study is aimed to highlight a holistic approach taking into account the various stages of pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare, and the evolving health status of patients while planning infertility treatment procedures, by establishing an effective interdisciplinary collaboration between medical and dental practitioners. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because in the prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals undergoing fertility treatments, pregnant and lactating women exhibit a notable propensity for heightened anxieties, including substantial concerns regarding oral health-related problems and dental procedures, which need to be addressed thoroughly. Further, we believe that this paper will be of interest to the readership of your journal because our study findings will benefit the patients and doctors alike in devising effective treatment protocols for successful outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinusa nippon Nagasawa (Isopoda: Cymothoidae), a marine parasite infesting the buccal cavities of coastal puffers, is newly recorded from the Pacific coasts of central Japan. A pair consisting of a mature female and mature male, and six mancae and a juvenile, were collected from reared vermiculated puffer, Takifugu snyderi (Abe) (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae), in an aquarium and a museum, respectively. The present paper provides a description of the morphological characters of these cymothoids, including their immature stages, and molecular analysis using 16S rRNA for C. nippon and related species. In the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree, C. nippon was included in the clade of Ceratothoa Dana and corresponds to Ceratothoa sp. 2 reported in another study. These suggest that the relationship between Cinusa Schioedte and Meinert and Ceratothoa needs to be re-examined. Furthermore, the morphological study showed that these cymothoid mancae are similar to Manca type 2 known from zoo-plankton, provided in one of our previous reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Oceanography of Japan / Umi no Kenkyū is the property of Oceanographic Society of Japan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of African Studies is the property of Japan Association for African Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of African Studies is the property of Japan Association for African Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Oceanography of Japan / Umi no Kenkyū is the property of Oceanographic Society of Japan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geographical Sciences (0286-4886) is the property of Japanese Society for Geographical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study identifies a period around the change of government in 2009 (Heisei 21) as a major milestone in Japanese political and sports history. Japanese sports policy during this period did not necessarily support the promotion of community sports clubs (CSC). On the contrary, the abolition of such sports club projects was an issue at the time. NPOs offering intermediary support for community sports clubs encouraged the practice of “resistance” against this trend in an attempt to seek “hegemony.” They also advocated “political engagement” with the goal of participation in policy making. This study examines this “resistance” and “hegemony” of supporting NPOs and the practice of “political engagement” based on the “new social movement” and “radical democracy” theories as analytical frameworks. The policy issues analyzed were: (1) the Review of the “Basic Plan for the Promotion of Sports”; (2) Evaluation of the Abolition of Project Sorting, and; (3) The Concept of Top Athlete Training Centers under the “The Strategy for a Sports Nation”. “Resistance” as referred to in this paper is that defined by Alain Touraine, and “political” is the term defined by Carl Schmitt. The policy issues of community sports clubs in (1) to (3) above stimulated the creation of new projects for the various practices of the supporting NPOs. However, all of those projects emphasized rather hostile hegemony toward the policy authorities, with no direct “resistance” demanding the improvement of the announced content. The supporting NPOs recognized that such “resistance” had the general characteristic of “loss of the core” without connection to the policy authorities. This allowed the supporting NPOs to develop, while intending to play the role of an “external core”, and various practices as “political engagement”, aimed at participation in policy making. In this context, the hegemony manifested here can be understood based on the complementarity of self-reflectively controlling a pair of our tendencies: seeing anything external as foes; and anything internal as friends. Such understanding is also considered to be an important constitutive requirement for political engagement. 　　 Therefore, the supporting NPOs can be said to have been playing the role of a “bridge” connecting the starting point, i.e., the evaluation of “abolition”, which was resistance against the external, with the later promotion of a self-reflective approach within the community sports clubs. Furthermore, it was clarified that hegemony is inherent in sports as a cultural constituent that cannot be subsumed into politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry have forwarded a proposal to apply the concept of intraindustry flow of funds in order to develop the sports industry and strengthen the financial base of sports businesses from the top level to the grass-roots level. With regard to industrial policy, the flow of funds is a concept among multiple industries, and intra-industry flow of funds within the same industry is not assumed. However, in the sports industry, we can observe the intra-industry flow of funds in certain cases, especially in foreign countries. This paper examines the cases of intra-industry flow of funds in the sports industry, mainly in England and Germany, to understand their structural characteristics, to identify the necessary requirements for realization of intra-industry flow of funds in the Japanese sports industry, and to discuss the feasibility of such flows. In order to realize intra-industry flow of funds, it is necessary to have funding providers, recipients, a legal and taxation system for fund transfers, an entity to manage the flow of funds, and a rational reason why flow of funds is also essential for the fund providers. The most promising candidate fund provider is the spectators’ sports business. On the other hand, for the recipients, the cases seen in England and Germany suggest that regional sports clubs with non-profit entities are the most likely candidates. In order to enable the flow of funds or, in other words, the transfer of profits from providers to recipients, it is essential to have a legal system and a preferential taxation system to support it. In addition, an element of a public interest needs to be embedded in the design of a system that supports such a flow of funds or it would likely be unacceptable by the providers. The intra-industry flow of funds is a concept that conflicts with a free market economy. On the other hand, it is widely recognized that sports are a public interest that needs to be indemnified. Naturally it is expected that this public interest would be embedded in certain types of sports businesses. While there are good prospects for designing a system to realize the intra-industry flow of funds in the sports industry in Japan, it is of utmost importance to establish a common understanding of public interest in sports businesses among stakeholders involved in the sports industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geographical Sciences (0286-4886) is the property of Japanese Society for Geographical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Some previous disaster studies in the field of sociology suggest that it is not sufficient for victims to recover only by rebuilding their houses. Then, what other factors are important for their recovery? This paper aims to address two questions based on the results of a questionnaire survey of the disaster public housing residents in Otsuchi Town, which we have been conducting since 2016: 1) whether many of the victims feel they have made a recovery, and 2) why. We made four observations during our research: 1. Victims' sense of their own recovery was low in 2019, as more than 50% of the respondents considered their recovery level as only half or less than the acceptable level for them. 2. Important factors that may affect victims' sense of their own recovery were found to be stability of budget, degree of health and well-being, and degree of social inclusion. 3. The respondents raised the following issues related to their lives, which need to be resolved--"it's too hot or cold," "undesired noise," "inconvenient transportation system," and "weak human relationships in the housing complex or local neighborhood." 4. It seems there are gaps in perception between the public recovery policies, the victims' lifestyle, and their cognition of the recovery process. In conclusion, this paper suggests the following to reduce the abovementioned gap: 1. Policymakers need to consider the climate of the affected areas to build better disaster public housing. 2. Policymakers must promote not only tangible recovery (e.g., rebuilding houses and infrastructure) but also intangible recovery (e.g., reconstructing the transportation system to enhance residents' health and well-being). 3. When supporters and local community leaders coordinate and promote interactions among neighbors to build new communities, they must bear in mind that diverse people from diverse regions live in disaster public housing, and not everyone likes interacting with people (in fact, problems emerge among residents when they are forced to become close to each other). The right people are needed in the right posts for the success of such interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Study of Christianity & Social Problems / Kirisutokyo Shakaimondai Kenkyu is the property of Institute for Study of Humanities & Social Sciences, Doshisha University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay sheds light on Soviet and Russian Foreign Policy through use of the “critical geopolitical” concept of the “geo-code.” A state’s “geo-code” refers to the construction of narratives regarding its own space and history over time. Borrowing from Klaus Dodd’s ideal-type categories, which he uses to explain geo-coded narratives of British policy (“little England,” “cosmopolitan,” “European” and “American”), this paper proposes to utilize combinations of four ideal-type categories, “Atlantic/European,” “ethnic Russian,” “Eurasian” and “super power,” in order to analyze and explain Soviet and Russian foreign policy. The first section applies the metaphor of a photograph to the memoirs of several foreign policy leaders: Andrei Gromyko and Eduard Shevardnadze in the Soviet-era; and Andrei Kozyrev, Evgenii Primakov and Serghei Ivanov in contemporary Russia. The paper shows how the composite image of Russia held by these individuals shaped the state’s foreign policy. It also stresses that different concepts of sovereignty have been sustained or reconstructed within Soviet/Russian international law theories in dialogue with changes in images held by the foreign policy leader. The latter half of the paper further develops this theory in order to apply it to Putin’s current Russian foreign policy perception of Northeast Asia, and particularly of China and Japan. From the late Soviet period under Gorbachev to the early Russian period of Yeltsin, Japan was considered as one of the “rising” powers able to aid Russia’s political and economic transition, and it was widely recognized that the relationship would be facilitated by a peace treaty resolving the territorial issue between the two countries. However, following reconciliation between Russia and China, China became the more important partner for Russia, not only in Northeast Asia but also throughout Eurasia. Following its disengagement with the West after the Ukraine crisis in 2014, Russia’s image of itself as close to “Europe” slipped, while that of the state as “ethnic Russian” and “Eurasian” that must become a “great power” to oppose the US was emphasized. This has meant that Japan is no longer an essential partner from the viewpoint of Russia’s dominant foreign policy images. In turn, the significance of China has increased and developed for Russia beyond the two countries historical “love-hate” relationship. Not only policy makers but also ordinary people look to China as Russia’s “No.1” partner, while the United States is its indefatigable “enemy.” There is no room for Japan in this picture while Japan remains so dependent on the US for security matters. In the conclusion, the paper debunks the myths associated with “classical geopolitics,” which associate foreign policy solely with perceptions of state power and geography. It shows that a “geo-politics” which links the positivist and constructive approaches, and which seeks to account for various analytical scales—from micro to macro, below/beyond the state—can analyze foreign policy change more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Czech literature was first recognized in Japan in the 1920s and early 1930s. Among literary works published during this period, which were few in number and mostly second-hand translations from English or German, three books - one play and two novels - require special attention. Karel Čapek’s dystopian play R.U.R., originally written in 1920 and first staged in 1921, was translated into Japanese in 1923 and became the first major work of Czech literature ever introduced in Japan. Just like in other parts of the world, the play attracted attention of both critics and readers. Several other translations were published soon after and the play was also successfully staged in Tsukiji Shōgekijō Theatre in 1925. A few years later, in 1930, Japanese translations of two other essential works of the inter-war period Czech literature were published – Jaroslav Hašek’s acclaimed antimilitarist novel The Good Soldier Švejk and Ivan Olbracht’s socialist novel Anna The Proletarian, a book which is now almost completely forgotten. The main objective of this paper is to explore the relation between the literary concepts adopted and constantly argued by the critics and writers of the Proletarian Literature, predominant literary movement at that time, and the reception/interpretation of foreign literary works, in this case works of Czech literature. Based on the analysis of the newspaper advertisements, book reviews and other related texts this paper shows that the reception was determined by the concepts and notions the Proletarian critics valued and that the leftist literary critics tended to emphasize those elements of these literary works they considered to be conveying the Proletarian ideals. On the other hand, Olbracht’s Anna The Proletarian, a novel praised by its translator Ichiko Kamichika as a must-read for every proletarian woman, was targeted by Japanese censorship for its radical political thoughts and was eventually published with large parts of the text censored. Consequently, this paper concludes that Czech literature introduced and translated in the inter-war period was interpreted in different ways and valued for different reasons than it was originally in Czechoslovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the 1918–1921 Japanese military mission to Central Asia, stationed in Urumchi, Ili (Gulja), Tarbagatay and Kashgar. Japanese General Staffs dispatched several officers to Xinjiang to support the Siberia Intervention. This paper reviews the mission’s activities and concerns on intelligence, economic interests and propaganda, especially those of the so-called ‘Japanese consul in Gulja’, Captain Nagamine. The Japanese mission had a keen interest in the developments of the Russian Civil War in the Semirech’e and Semipalatinsk Oblasts. In Ili, Nagamine built relationships with the White Russian consul, leaders of nomads and others. Japanese officers reported activities of White Russian Cossacks in detail. Meanwhile, the Governor Yang Zengxin, was suspicious about possible conspiracies among members of the Japanese mission, Russian consuls and the Cossacks. Yang reported to Beijing that Japanese officers had attempted to bring the Japanese army to Xinjiang on the pretext of a joint defence and to interfere in Ili by letting the Cossacks advance into Bolshevik’s Vernyi, which would pass through Xinjiang’s territory. In addition, a report from Kashgar hinted that the Japanese army supported the anti-Soviet guerrilla Basmachis in the Fergana Valley. In early 1920, the Cossacks were defeated by the Red Army and fled to Xinjiang. Nagamine witnessed the disarmament of Commander Annenkov, with whom the Japanese in Urumchi seemed to have maintained a relationship even after Nagamine’s departure from Ili. The Japanese mission also attempted to promote economic interests in Xinjiang. According to Etherton, the British consul-general in Kashgar, Japanese products flowed into Xinjiang in 1919, and Japan was considered a possible rival of Britain over the Xinjiang market. The Japanese mission tried to open a consulate in Xinjiang. In Urumchi, the Japanese entered into talks with ‘Russian’ merchants—who were in fact Muslim Turks—where they discussed Japanese naturalisation and Japanese protection. However, the talks failed. Despite his suspicion, Yang also relied on the Japanese for economic development. He consulted Major Narita in Urumchi about a large loan to construct a light railway and drill for oil. However, this offer was cancelled by order of Beijing. The Japanese General Staffs and Ministry of Foreign Affairs coldly refused Narita’s proposal. Moreover, the Japanese mission engaged in propaganda towards Muslim Turks for some obscure agenda related to Pan-Asianism, Pan-Islamism and Pan-Turkism. According to Etherton, the Japanese avoided any direct support or propaganda towards the Turks. Later, Nagamine stirred up accusations that Britain would occupy southern Xinjiang. He also had a relationship with Tatar Pan-Turkist, an ex-officer of the military organisation ‘Harbi Shura’. Kaneko and Otaki, stationed in Urumchi, frequently visited Ottoman activist Ahmet Kemal İlkul in jail, who had been sent to Xinjiang from Constantinople in 1914 and engaged in educational and Pan-Turkic activities. Thus, it was rather natural for the Japanese to pay attention to İlkul. Although not successful or long-lasting, the activities of the Japanese military mission to Xinjiang illustrate Japan’s interests in post-1917 Central Asia. Military intelligence about the Cossacks was their main object, but at the same time, they developed economic and propaganda interests that targeted Central Asian Turks, including Tatars. Certainly, such activities raised concerns with Yang and Etherton. In short, the Japanese mission to Xinjiang was one of the examples in which Japan tried to carve out a role in the Great Game of the early 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of 19th century Ino Tadataka surveyed almost whole coast lines of Japanese Islands and main roads, and made 214 sheet maps of 1:36000 and 8 sheet maps of 1:216000 in scale. This paper deals with his map compilation and scale-down. method. Almost every night, if possible. Ino measured elevation angles of 20 to 30 stars crossing meridian to determine latitude. The Y coordinates of the observation points were calculated from the latitudes using the ratio that one degree difference in latitude was 28.2 ri (or 101.52×36000 sun). Here ri and sun are Japanese old measures. Ino could not measure longitude astronomically because he had not chronometer. He corrected coordinates (x,y) obtained in surface survey "Dosen-Ho", a kind of open traverse method. The X coordinates of the observation points were estimated as x Y/y. In this way, he obtained coordinates (X,Y) on scale of 1:36000 concerning approximately 1220 astronomical observation points in whole Japanese Islands. For the first step, he prepared local maps of 1:36000 from local surface survey, then corrected them by using the coordinates of astronomical observation points. For second step. he compiled the wide area maps of 1:36000 from local maps to control reference to the coordinates of observation points. The maps of 1: 216000 were compiled from the maps of 1:36000 by using the reduced coordinate values of one six. In this process, the coordinates of the observation points were referred to keep precision of the maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of enrichment of the precipitation database, which is based on the climate change projection, future-change projection of flood risk is already developing. However, when we focus on the sediment-related hazard on a watershed scale, sediment production and transport in the catchment should be carefully treated. In this description paper, firstly, we introduce the structure of the simulation model SiMHiS, composed of a sediment production and supply model based on landslide prediction, rainfall infiltration and runoff, and sediment transport in the channel system. Secondly, we introduce a future-projection result in the Akatani River watershed in Northern Kyushu Island, Japan, damaged by heavy rainfall in 2017. Maximum water discharge, total volume of sediment discharge, maximum water level, and maximum riverbed level at specific locations are selected as indicators for the assessment. For the rainfall data, local extreme values of heavy rainfall data that occurs in northern Kyushu during the rainy season were given to the simulation to evaluate the future change of the extreme event by using the limited period of the dataset. The results showed a clear increasing trend for all indexes, indicating that phenomena of a scale that does not occur in the current climate might occur. We also discussed the possibility of statistical and quantitative evaluation in future studies using our method with the precipitation dataset, which has finer spatiotemporal resolution and a more extended period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author received 2019 JSPM Award for Distinguished Achievements in “Development for fundamental research for production of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet materials.” This paper summarizes the recipient’s works that led to this honor. In the development of isotropic nanocomposite magnets in the Nd－Fe－B－Ti－C system, he developed the concept of the kinetic control of the phases in the rapid solidification process. In addition, the author describes some of the problems that was unsolvable in the early research on the coercive force mechanism of the Nd－Fe－B permanent magnets, and how these problems have been solved as a result of the deepening of the basic science of permanent magnets by many researchers in the “Elements Strategy Research Center for Magnetic Materials,” a project of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, of which he has been the directing investigator. These theoretical results are expected to contribute as a basis for future datadriven research to future industry-university collaborative activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Rural Economics / Nōgyō Keizai Kenkyū is the property of Agricultural Economics Society of Japan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Japan’s super-aged society, many dental patients have underlying systemic diseases of the circulatory, respiratory, and endocrine systems. Acute exacerbations of these underlying diseases are often observed before, during, or after dental treatment. Even young people with no systemic diseases may develop vasovagal reflex and hyperventilation syndrome as a result of the stress, anxiety, and pain associated with dental treatment. Dentists are required to appropriately treat these medical emergencies. Although in some instances the problem may be relieved by changing the patient’s position or monitoring vital signs, some cases require treatment with emergency drugs. However, there are no standard guidelines in Japan regarding medical emergencies in dentistry and emergency drugs. In contrast, the British Dental Association has created a poster that summarizes the symptoms of medical emergencies, initial treatments, and emergency drugs. The American Dental Association also publishes a response guide to medical emergencies in the dental office. In this paper, referring to these two sources, the authors have reconsidered which emergency drugs are needed for dental clinics in Japan. Daily training in the correct use of drugs in cases of emergency is essential. The authors manage a study group called “AneStem” to respond to sudden changes in the condition of patients at the dental clinic, and we also run educational activities including simulation training for medical emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to clarify the farming and management characteristics of innovative organic farmers and the effects in promoting the growth of organic agriculture in Japan. Case studies with four organic farmers were conducted. The main practices in chemical fertilizer-free farming were found to be as soil improvement with organic fertilizers use, use of fully fermented composts, supply of mineral/enzyme nutrients for activating soil microbial activity, as well as the adoption of traditional cultivation practices. The practices applied in agrochemicals-free farming include the integrated application of soil improvement, fertility management and pest/disease control, and repressive use of substances meeting JAS standards (Japanese Agricultural Standard for Plant Pest and Disease Control), as well as the methods of pest/disease control rooted in traditional agriculture. These practices illustrate significant performance in yield and economic sustainability, offering important evidence for policymaking and research aimed at promoting the growth of organic agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a study of school physical education (PE) in French Indochina to cover the existing lack of knowledge on the developmental process of PE in developing countries. The study focused specifically on how PE developed in the Indochina Union, based on "colonial experience" in each region of French Indochina. A historical overview revealed that the former colonial countries had reconstructed their own education models in response to the demands of the extrinsic development model imposed by the colonial government. However, it was suggested that individual societal values may have regulated the behavior of the colonial people, and redefined the characteristics of PE. Regarding the process by which PE had been introduced, it was found that after sporadic and uneven efforts at gymnastics education based on the "General regulation of education" in 1917, the introduction of PE in the Indochina Union had gained momentum as a result of "Instruction n°26" issued by the Superior General Commander in 1921 and the "General Regulation of Physical Education" approved by the Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts. Moreover, based on failures experienced in the early stages, the French-Indochina administration took measures to prepare for the introduction of full-scale PE through a series of "arrêté" in 1924, including the signing of an agreement between the University and Military, provision of special allowances to military instructors, establishment of the Regional Center for Physical Instruction (CRIP), and physiological surveys conducted by the special committee. Furthermore, it was revealed that the PE program started in French Indochina through the 1925 PE campaign included the establishment of PE classes and annual sports festivals through the PE facilities established at fullexercise schools (école de plein exercice), and a teacher training system that was organized in 1926 by adopting the teaching methods of the Joinville School, distribution of PE manuals, and establishment of several PE training courses for teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Study of Christianity & Social Problems / Kirisutokyo Shakaimondai Kenkyu is the property of Institute for Study of Humanities & Social Sciences, Doshisha University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Japan Research Association for Textile End-Uses / Sen'i Seihin Shohi Kagaku is the property of Japan Research Association for Textile End-Uses / Sen'i Seihin Shohi Kagaku and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document shows the layout for manuscripts to be submitted to the journal of the Japan research association for textile end-uses written in Japanese. Since final images will be made based on the manuscripts prepared by Microsoft Word, authors must follow this document in detail. Authors also must be prepare manuscripts according to the instruction for the preparation of the journal. Final images might be different from the layout produced by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights critical issues in restructuring food policy in Japan under the coming revision of the Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas Basic Act. First, food security needs to be conceptualized from the capability perspective to cover one's total quality of eating. Second, urban areas (not just rural areas) should play a key role in the territorial anchoring of the food policy. To illustrate this feasibility, insights are extracted from the pilot study on the territorial food projects in Kyoto City. The recent food policy in France is also referenced to highlight challenges in future food policy in Japan in terms of its political coverage and decision-making process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Japanese Sociological Review / Shakaigaku Hyoron is the property of Japan Sociological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asian Economies is the property of Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of African Studies is the property of Japan Association for African Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Japanese Sociological Review / Shakaigaku Hyoron is the property of Japan Sociological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of management accounting in agriculture. First, I clarified the current state of agriculture in Japan. The characteristics, advantages、 and disadvantages of various types of agriculture are shown. After that, we reviewed the necessity of cost accounting in agricultural management and the application cases of environmental management accounting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of pioneering carbon dioxide capture and storage （CCS） projects such as Sleipner and Gorgon are widely recognized as milestones in the early days of CCS. The reservoir formations of the pioneering projects are characterized by homogeneous sandstones that develop over several hundred meters thick. On the other hand, sandstone formations expected to work as reservoirs for CCS in Japan are characterized to be more heterogeneous and thinner than those of pioneering projects as above because of the tuffaceous sandstones typical of volcanic arcs. In addition, the geological formations in Japan that separated by complex faults in active continental margins might not be suitable for CCS reservoirs. However, we will have to make CCS feasible against these "challenging" formations. In this paper, examples of multidisciplinary approaches for geological evaluation of domestic depleted oil fields obtained from a joint study with INPEX are shared, and we hope that those findings would help future CCS projects in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]