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The existing literature on political scandals predominantly focuses on their detrimental effects on society at large. This paper aims to offer an alternative perspective, arguing that political scandals can lead to positive change. It does so by examining the case of Japan’s ruling party, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and its ties to the controversial religious organization, the Unification Church (UC). These ties were brought into public attention, following the assassination of the former Japanese Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe. Drawing on the framework of scandal mediation process (Prusa, 2010), this paper defines scandal as a form of communication between the elite and the masses, that facilitated by the media. By consulting data from newspapers and government reports, this paper investigates the progression of the scandal. It highlights how the communication unfolded during the progression of the scandal through public pressure, intense media coverage, public apologies by members of the political elites, and attempts to mitigate the damage. Moreover, this paper argues that the swift response from the government, notably the passing of anti-malicious donation law, shows that a political scandal can positively impact the functioning of social order. Focusing on how and under what circumstance a political scandal may have a positive impact introduces a richer nuance to the discussion of Japanese political scandals as demonstrated by these findings.

This research paper aims to explore the cultural adaptation and practice of yoga in Japan. It investigates the historical development of yoga in Japan, examining how it was introduced and integrated into Japanese culture. The paper also delves into the cultural influences that shaped the adoption and evolution of yoga in the country, both from traditional and modern perspectives. Furthermore, it examines the role of yoga in Japanese religious and spiritual traditions, highlighting the syntheses between yoga and Zen Buddhism. The study also explores the incorporation of yoga as a form of physical exercise in Japanese society, examining its impact on health, fitness, and body culture. Additionally, it investigates the connection between yoga and Japanese martial arts, analyzing the integration of mind-body practices. The paper further investigates the integration of yoga in Japanese education, exploring its inclusion in school curricula and its effects on students. It also examines yoga retreats and centers in Japan, analyzing them as spaces for spiritual growth and personal transformation. Moreover, the research paper explores the different styles and methods of yoga practiced in Japan, examining adaptations, innovations, and variations. Finally, it discusses the social and cultural impacts of yoga on Japanese society, including community building, wellness movements, and lifestyle trends. Through this comprehensive exploration, the paper provides valuable insights into the cultural adaptation and practice of yoga in Japan, shedding light on its unique manifestation in the country's rich cultural tapestry.

The 21st century requires a new set of skills for success in a global economy. Creativity and innovation are essential components of skills, yet the current Japanese educational system does not place a strong emphasis on these skills. This paper stated the importance of project-based learning and technology integration approaches that can be used to advance creativity and innovation in the Japanese educational system. By promoting creativity and innovation in the Japanese educational system, we can help to develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration skills that are essential for success in the 21st century. The paper provides detailed strategies for overcoming challenges in advancing 21st-century creativity and innovation in the Japanese educational system. Finally, the paper emphasizes the importance of providing teachers with the necessary training and support to implement innovative approaches effectively.

This paper focuses on the study and teaching strategy of Japanese conversation. The goal of the paper is to analyze the motivation of the students learning experience through CM as a media source of the study, which can lead students to enhance their level of proficiency. The study used a qualitative method of the case study Japanese conversation lecture. Conversation lectures are usually done by memorizing text or role-play using existing text. The idea of this study is similar to role-play but, through CM students can learn pronunciation, articulation, and intonation from the native (actor) directly. This study represents the first stage of a research project aimed at raising student confidence and enhancing Japanese fluencies. The major finding was that a clear majority of students reported a considerably high motivation according to the use of terms ‘tanoshikatta’ and ‘omoshiroi’ on their feedback. It says that students were interested to do the assessment.

This paper aims to study the error that happens when students learning Japanese through listening. This paper describes misheard cases by students during listening class. The data in this research collected from students’ quiz and test results. Students participated in this study were first-year and second-year students, including 37 first-years students and 24 second-year students, with total participants 81 students. The data collected in this study then categorized based on the type of errors. The results showed that the errors occurred include confusion between two sounds, reduction of sound, and mis-guessing long vowel. Confusing of two sounds happened when the students misheard two different sounds such as alveolar nasal consonant /n/ in [hinan] with liquid consonant /r/ as in [hiran]. Furthermore, reduction of sound is occurred when students confused the same vowel at particle with front or back vowel sound of the word, such as yamagaafureru which misheard with yamagafureru. This error occurred because the vowel sound /a/ on particle /ga/ which covering up the vowel sound /a/ in the front of the word afureru. Lastly, there are errors that happened because thin overlapping borderline between error or mistake, where students mostly misheard or mistaken short vowels sound such as [ba∫o] with long vowels such as [ba∫o:].

[Ecolyrics in Japanese Children Songs: A Review of Two Douyou] This paper is an ecolinguistic analysis of the lyrics of two douyou (Japanese children songs) – coined in this paper as ‘eco-lyrics’. The aim was to analyse the representation of the state of the natural environment and the hometown in the lyrics of Japanese children's songs and the value that Japanese society inculcates to their children in relation to the natural environment. The two songs chosen were furusato and kokyou no sora. As a qualitative-descriptive study, this paper focuses on the intertextual discussion using the coherence approach of Ramlan (1993) and the semantic product of Burnett (2003). The result are a representation of the natural environment for the Japanese society in two douyou consisting of a thick traditionality, a place of longing, a place where family and friends live, a place to return home, a place that is beautiful and blends with nature, a comfortable and beautiful place. Then the values embedded in his children consist of emotional semantics, empirical semantics, origin semantics, contextual semantics, and functional semantics.

The situations where both native and non-native speakers participate in a conversation are called contact situations. In these situations, both native and non-native speakers make verbal behaviour adjustments to achieve a smooth conversation. Adjustments by native speakers usually are made in form of Foreigner Talk (FT) while adjustments by non-native speakers made by performing communication strategies (CS). The common point between FT and CS comes from the lack of language ability or resource deficit. However, higher the non-native speakers’ second language proficiency, the adjustments made by both speakers are expected to be more complex. This paper is aiming to investigate those verbal adjustments made by native speakers in the contact situations with advanced learners / non-native speakers. To do it, this paper is employing n-gram method to gain the database of collocation and its occurrence frequency. The data for this research are Nagoya University Conversation Corpus and Nagoya University Japanese Learners Corpus. From the data, this paper found verbal behaviour adjustments which takes form in expressions such are “un” which coined at the end of own utterance, “tokaitte”, and “sounanda”.

Making requests (irai) is a genre of spoken interaction that is taught from the basic level of learning Japanese as a foreign language. A request is one of the speech acts that may raise face-threatening potentials. Understanding the stages of request appropriate to Japanese culture is thus essential for Japanese learners to achieve successful conversation. Therefore, conversation pedagogy by using a discourse approach is essential. This study investigates a potential structure gap in Japanese making-requests conversations realized in actual settings and textbook conversational models. By employing genre theory and interpersonal discourse of “Negotiation” as a qualitative discourse analytic method from the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) perspective, this paper describes the gaps and some factors that potentially influence the structure of Japanese making-request conversation. Data were obtained from conversational texts in the Japanese language corpus named Japanese Natural Conversation Corpus and Japanese textbooks for elementary and middle adult learners. Regarding the structure, the results show no difference between conversations in textbooks and authentic ones at the stage level, but both differ at the phase level. There is no introduction to the problem, additional explanation, and confirmation phases in textbook conversational models. In addition, the absence of the phases, the differences in pre-condition content between textbook and authentic conversations, also the length of the reasoning phase, are assumed to be influenced by relational status between participants (tenor) as well as the imposition degree of the requested object.

Drawing insights from Japan’s inspiring initiatives, this article uncovers the valuable lessons that can be learned in addressing suicide issues with collective responsibility. This study attempts to investigate the importance of cooperation in Japan’s effectiveness in promoting collective responsibility for suicide prevention. Suicide is a significant public health issue around the world, and Japan has historically had high suicide rates. However, by employing several initiatives that prioritize shared responsibility and community involvement, Japan has recently achieved impressive strides in reducing suicide rates. This paper analyzes the crucial elements such as cultural elements, social support networks, and government initiatives that have contributed to Japan’s success. It also looks at how these strategies affect suicide prevention and emphasizes the lessons that other countries can learn from Japan’s experience. According to the study’s findings, the power of unity in combination with targeted therapy can effectively address the challenging issue of suicide prevention.

This paper is titled Theme of Love in Mishima Yukio’s Shiosai. The purpose of writing is to reveal the major themes in Mishima Yukio's Shiosai and its relationship to other structures, especially figures and characters, plots and backgrounds. The analysis uses structural methods that have the concept that in a building of a literary work consists of interrelated and inseparable structures. The results of this paper indicate that the theme of love is a major theme that is evidenced by the correlation and relationship of love problems with other structures, especially figures and characterizations, plot, and background.

This paper present an analysis of tsukeru verb which have multiple meanings and in which the mulitple meanings of a word may be connected or related. While this analysis based on cognitive linguistics. The goal of this analysis is describe basic meaning and another meanings of tsukeru verb, and also describe relation of basic meaning and another meanings, and the last present meanings structure of tsukeru verb. The analysis using data form Balanced Corpus of Chunagon contemporary Written Japanese corpus presented by National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics. Sentence data in this paper based on document, magazine, newspaper, study books, bulletin, and yahoo at 2000-2008. This data clasification using data card (table data). Decription of relation basic meaning and another meanings using cognitive linguistics analysis which is metaphor, metonymy , and synecdoche. The result of this research is tsukeru verb have basic meaning is put on, and then founded 15 another meanings. Result are follow including metaphor are give, put, adding, soaking, mix, ignite, spreading, watching, including metonymy are decide, hiring, writing, and the last is including synecdoche are slash, dress, stop. Furthermore, fouded idiom meanings such as define, common, quarrel, accuse, hands off, be careful, starring at, doing, acquire.

This paper describes about internship student’s teaching ability based on teacher valuation in 2017. The Internship is one of Semarang State University’s course to give education student a teaching experience. The internship student’s value have given by advisor in high school. Advisor is a teacher that has responsibility of education internship student’s attitude and how the way they teach in practice. The valuation has given by advisor by filled valuation form from Semarang State University that had 4 teacher competences. The teacher competences are held pedagogic competence, professional competence, personality competence, and social competence. This paper approach quantitative research. This research sample are 6 schools that have internship student. From this research result can be know that students got very good criteria of all education aspect. Abstrak ___________________________________________________________________ Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan tentang kemampuan mengajar mahasiswa PPL berdasarkan penilaian guru pamong tahun 2017. Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan atau PPL yaitu mata kuliah yang dilaksanakan untuk memberikan pengalaman mengajar bagi seluruh mahasiswa kependidikan Universitas Negeri Semarang.penilaian mahasiswa PPL dilaksanakan oleh guru pamong. Guru pamong yaitu guru mata pelajaran yang bertanggung jawab terhadap sikap dan cara mengajar mahasiswa praktikannya. Penilaian oleh guru pamong dilakukan dengan mengisi angket penilaian dari UNNES yang berisi 4 kompetensi keguruan. Kompetensi keguruan antara lain kompetensi pedagogik, kompetensi profesional, kompetensi kepribadian, dan kompetensi sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 6 sekolah yang mengampu mahasiswa PPL. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa PPL rata-rata termasuk kategori Sangat Baik dari semua aspek pendidikan.

The focus of this study is the shoushika phenomenon or decrease in the number of births that occurred in Japan from the perspective economic household in raising children. The research data was collected from several sources of statistical data published by the Japanese government, Family Income and Expenditure Survey, and National Institute of Population and Social Security Research. Recently the delay of childbearing of young married couple is said to reason of fertility decline. The high cost of children is said to be one of the causes of this delay. This paper will focus on the persistent low birthrate in Japan and the change of utility of children in Japan’s family. This paper show that there’s a transition from traditional family to modern family that influence change of children utility from good utility become comsumption utility. The transition to consumption utility related to Japanese family expenditure especially what family give to their children.

This paper aims to identify the technique translation of directive speech act that used in two Japanese stories of Mahou Hakushi by Iwaya Sazanami and Hashire Merosu by Dazai Osamu. Those stories are two translation works of Japanese literature in the book of Antologi Kesusastraan Anak Jepang (Nihon Jidou bungaku Senshuu). This book contains children’s literature that translated from Japanese to Indonesian by Antonius Pujo. Those two stories selected because there are many speech act in that, and the directive is considered as most interesting speech act than the other ones. This paper used descriptive qualitative method. The total number of the collected data are 50. The result show there are seven types of translation technique with total usage frequency 72 times. Those techniques are as follow : amplification 18 times, linguistic amplification 16 times, estabilsh equivalent 15 times, literal translation 11 times, reduction 5 times, modulation 5 times, transposition 2 times.

This paper entitled Sanmai no Ofuda in Greimas’s perspective. Sanmai no ofuda is the title of Japan’s folktale has similarities with localfolktales from several regions in Indonesia. In this paper, the writer tried to explain the narrative structure of Sanmai no Ofuda in Greimas’s perspective.Its mean to reveal the narrative structure of this folktale,the writer used structural naratology approaches with Algirdas Julien Greimas’s theory. The writer tried to understand about the intrinsic elements in Sanmai no Ofuda by examining the actans schemes and functional structure. The findings show that the narrative structure can explain the intrinsic elements more specificly.

This paper describes about Kanyouku which used in Japanesse daily conversation. Kanyouku used to express what we feel about something more specific than the common sentences. There are many expressions of kanyouku, but this paper is focused on a kanyouku which used to show surprise expressions. Kanyouku that introduced in this description only 10 of Doushi Kanyouku types. Those kanyouku not only described the meanings but also given examples of simple sentences that are commonly encountered in daily conversation.

Abstract Buddhism taught by Sidhartha Gautama in India about two thousand years B.C. has spread throughout the world. From India to Tibetan Buddhism evolved, China and into Japan. Buddhism in Japan has distinct characteristics compared to Buddhism elsewhere. In Japan, Buddhism is mixed with a strong Japanese spirituality. This paper is the result of a brief research on the book, as well as the Buddhists by means of dialogue. The general objective of this paper is to get a general idea of ​​the concept of Nichiren cosmology, particularly on the subject of the universe (environment) and life. The specific objective of this paper is the growing awareness to be open to understand other religions. It takes an attitude to want to investigate a religion without fanaticial attitude or prejudice. Key words: Nichiren Daishonin, Universe, Life

This paper describes a comparative study of complaint discourse in Japanese and Indonesian focusing on modality expression. 500 items of each language were collected from TripAdvisor and usage of modality were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. As a result, modality forms have often been reported to be used to show consideration for the other person, such as avoidance of judgments and euphemisms, roundabout expressions or consideration (hairyo) for the other person are expressed. It was confirmed in complaint discourse, that there are cases in which have no consideration (hairyo) for the other person at all, rather than in a direct way of speaking. Both Japanese and Indonesian modality functioned effectively for expressing complaint. It was found that in “obvious complaint” the modality emphasizes the hotel’s faults and forces them to work appropriately, and in “implicit complaint”, the modality can express complaint with slightly reducing the burden on the hotel side by emphasizing the self-pay. The subject is used to determine whether an utterance expressing Complaint is “explicit/direct” or “implicit/indirect” in terms of the discourse level. In other words, the degree of FTA (Face Threat Act) differs depending on whether the subject is the writer (the guest) or the reader (the hotel). When the subject of “an act” is the reader (hotel side), the modality form functions to emphasize the reader’s fault (wrongness) or to force the reader (hotel side) to act. On the other hand, when the subject of “an act” was the writer, the function was to emphasize self- imposed burden or to understate the fault/burden of the reader (the hotel side).

Interference is a mistake generally made by second language learners because they are influenced by their first language ability. Meanwhile, phonological interference is a mistake that occurs at the sound level due to changes in phonemes influenced by knowledge of the sound system in the first language. This paper discusses the errors of second language learners in understanding the sound changes that occur in the language they are learning. This study aims to describe the forms and factors that cause phonological interference committed by “Tes Wasedaboys Tulis Nama Makanan Indonesia! Ngakak Banget!”. The method used in the research is descriptive qualitative method with the theory referring to Weinrich's interference theory (1953). The data collection method used is the listening method with free listening technique. Based on the analysis that has been done, the form of phonological interference that occurs in the YouTube video on the Nihongo Mantappu channel entitled “Tes Wasedaboys Tulis Nama Makanan Indonesia! Ngakak Banget!” is divided into 2 classifications, namely 9 data of vowel phoneme interference and 8 data of consonant phoneme interference. Each interference is divided based on the addition of phonemes as much as 3 data, based on phoneme changes as much as 7 data, and based on phoneme reduction as much as 7 data. The factors that cause phonological interference are (1) bilingualism of speech participants which amounted to 3 data, (2) differences in vowel sounds and writing methods which amounted to 11 data, (3) carrying the mother tongue which amounted to 3 data.

Proverbs in Japanese are known as Kotowaza, which are defined as wise sayings or ancient proverbs that have many practical benefits. This study aims to examine the understanding of Japanese language students in Bandung city regarding the meaning of proverbs and their equivalents in Indonesian. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with the theory used for analysis is Ogden and Richard's triangle of meaning theory. This paper is expected to be an insight in understanding the meaning of proverbs. Although each word in these proverbs has a different meaning, when formed into a proverb in both Indonesian and Japanese, it will give rise to a new meaning that contains sarcasm, advice or simply reinforces the meaning of each utterance. The word elements used to form proverbs in Japanese and Indonesian are the same, but the meaning will be different depending on the culture of the people. The results of the analysis showed that out of 41 students of Japanese language study programs in Bandung, 29 students understood the meaning of some of the Japanese proverbs given, although the proverbs were not learned in their formal education. As for the Indonesian equivalents, each of these Japanese proverbs has two Indonesian equivalents.

This paper discusses the translation of Japanese ecological terms into Indonesian. The objective of this research is to describe the technique of translating ecological terms in the source text to the target text and its equivalence. The data in this study was obtained from the collection of short stories Kaze no Matasaburo and Guskobudori no Denki by Miyazawa Kenji as well as its translations in Indonesian by Unpad Press. The data was collected using the literature study method with note-taking techniques. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the padan method with the basic technique of sorting the determining element (PUP) then continued with the hubung banding technique. The results of data analysis are presented by informal methods. Based on the results of the analysis, translation techniques used in this collection of short stories are, (a) borrowing, (b) calque, (c) transposition, (d) modulation, (e) equivalence, (f) adaptation, (g) borrowing and transposition, (h) modulation and equivalence, and (i) borrowing, transposition, and modulation.

This paper describes a dynamics proletarian literature and its relationship with Kanikosen novel by Kobayashi Takiji, including; the institution, ideology, production, and figures associated to narration used by Marxism theory posed by the author as one of the Japan "wild literatures" in the 1920s. This paper aims to usher the readers to the narrative of the Japanese proletarian literature and illustrates the Japanese proletarian literary map development. The form of “wildness” obtained by author is a social class conflict in literary texts such as in the Kanikosen story. Like an empirical reality, text construction, especially characterizations, background, and language style reflecting a dynamics of everyday social life. Intimidation, exploitation, deception, torture, suffering labor on one side and on the other side, the accumulation of profits, accumulating capital individually, and the arbitrariness of employers conducted by the owners of capital, reflected brightly by Kobayashi Takiji.

Along with the rapid development of technology and the occurrence of education 4.0, lifelong learning ability becomes an important element in 21st century learning. Lifelong learning ability consists of the ability to develop strategies and evaluate one’s own learning, to improve knowledge, skills, and competence, so that continuous and sustainability learning habit can be built. By applying lifelong learning, students can evaluate their own learning, recognize their weaknesses and strengths, so that they can design the right learning model for the development of their knowledge. The ability to do lifelong learning is very important to be mastered by a student, so the teacher should introduce this learning model to student. On the other hand, as teacher we also conduct classroom / group learning that the differences in student’s ability may vary in one class. It needs to be facilitated by designing student personal learning (Differentiated Instruction / DI) to maximize student outcome. This paper discusses how DI strategies that implemented in Japanese Language Proficiency Test: Intermediate Level (Noryoku Shiken III) courses can build student awareness of lifelong learning. The participant of this research is the student from Japanese Language Proficiency Test: Intermediate Level (Noryoku Shiken III) class in Japanese Department, in a private university in Jakarta. The result of this research is after applying DI, a good progress was seen in each student towards the achievement of JLPT N3 grades, and can create independent learning habits, so students can sustain this learning habits even after finishing this subject.

ABSTRACT This paper discusses a Japanese folktale (mukashi banashi) entitled Sanmai no Ofuda. This folktale has similarities with local folktales from several regions in Indonesia. In this paper, the writer tried to explore the condition of the society as well as the cultural backgrounds which became the setting of Sanmai no Ofuda. The writer tried to understand the cultural condition in Sanmai no Ofuda by examining the elements of the culture and the intrinsic elements. The findings show that the cultural background of the Japanese society as depicted in Sanmai no Ofuda has many similarities with the cultural background of Indonesian people. The intrinsic elements found in this study are language, system of social organization, belief, and the livelihood system. Keywords:Folktale, Cultural Background, Japan Society

This paper discusses the Japanese semi aspectual forms -teshimau and -teoku function as discourse markers which serve as speaker’s intentions of utterances for rapport management. In general, the semantic function of the morphological semi aspectual forms such as -teshimau and -teoku are explained as expressions of feelings of remorse or regret as well as preparatory actions, respectively. Both of them derived from the explanation of “completion” as a core meaning. The meanings mentioned above are also learned in elementary and pre-intermediate levels of Japanese language learning as a second language. However, the results of this research, which derived from analysis using I-JAS corpus dialogue data, indicate that in interpersonal discourse, these aspectual forms are used to show self-deprecating and modest attitudes, sentimental mood, or inevitable and difficult situations. Additionally, as a discourse marker, they are used to express utterance intentions such as showing speaker’s responsible recognition for the situation occurred, respecting the opinion of the interlocutor, and avoiding current topic to be continued. They also function as act of politeness due to the effects of “down graders” and “upgraders” in Spencer-Oatey's theory of rapport management, while in this research indicates that improperly use of -teoku might sound impolite depending on the utterance situations. Furthermore, it was found that they work as discourse markers for rounding up dialogs or shifting topics, and there are differences between -teshimau and -teoku in whether it is the interlocutor’s topic or the speaker’s topic that was being rounded up. For these reasons, second language acquisition requires learning about indicative meanings of these forms that function in the contexts and utterance situations, and the findings of this research will also contribute to the research of Japanese language teaching materials.

The depiction of Super-Villain in Japanese Super Hero series usually showing the western country as the main villain. The result of World War II primarily influences this. Nevertheless, recently there have been several Super Hero Series that depicted the minorities as the main villain. The purpose of this study is to present the issue of minorities in the Japanese Super Hero Series. Through the cultural study approach, this paper will discuss how minorities being represented by the antagonist character, Roimudde. This study had two aims (i) how does the Roimudde representing the minorities in Japanese society. (ii) how the characters Heart and Medic represent that minorities were victims of society. We found that the Roimudde was a different race from humans representing the minorities through content analysis of the Children television series Kamen Rider Drive. At the same time, Heart and Medic have painful memories that made them grudge toward humanity. It is also mean that this film was recognizing the minorities as the victim of prejudice by society. It is necessary to throw all prejudice to other people just because of physical or race differences to enter transnational society without prejudice.

This study aims to compare students’ Japanese language grammar ability, between students who practice with a chatbot-based application (Gengobot) with students who do not use the application. This research was conducted using quantitative experimental research methods, with experimental class and control class. The subjects of this research were 22 Japanese language students. The results showed that the grammar ability of students who used Gengobot application as a training medium improved significantly than students who used conventional media as paper works. Factors that cause these differences are the use of cognitive and behavioristic approaches in applications, as well as the use of media, which is more practical and engaging. The questionnaire regarding student responses to the Gengobot application shows positive results. Things that need to be considered in future research are the development of the Gengobot application to be more flexible and to add more material to the application.

This paper is based on studying the differences and similarities in the form, structure, and usage of past sentences futsuugo-ngoko lugu in Japanese and Javanese. The study combines a qualitative and sociolinguistically informed comparative method. The data were taken from different sources, namely Shin Suikodenand Jin (a Japanese novel and play respectively), Ketoprak Wiswakarman (a traditional Javanese play), and Panjebar Semangat (a Javanese magazine), and were then analyzed from a contrastive linguistic perspective. Theories on Japanese and Javanese descriptive sentences, namely those of Ishii,[1] Masuoka,[2] Poedjosoedarmo,[3] Sasangka,[4] and Wedhawati,[5] were used. Besides, Djadjasudarma and Citraresmana [6] descriptive-qualitative method, Sanada’s,[7] concept of Sociolinguistics, as well as Tarigan’s,[8] Ishiwata and Takahashi’s,[9] theories of contrastive linguistics were also consulted. The study aimed to describe the differences and similarities in the forms, structures, and usage of past sentences futsuugo-ngoko lugu in Japanese and Javanese based on the dialogues' data. The study concludes that the addressers and addressees' speech levels in the Japanese conversations are those of futsuugo and ngoko lugu, which are comparable in the Javanese.

Demotivation can negatively influence the learner’s attitudes and behaviors, and result in negative learning outcomes. This paper investigates factors contributing to demotivation in learning Japanese as a foreign language in Indonesia, and the relationship between demotivating factors and present proficiencies. A seventeen-item questionnaire was completed by 157 Indonesian university students. As the result of exploratory factor analysis, questionnaire items consequently grouped to four categories: Course difficulty, Speaking anxiety, Devalued learning, and Boredom.The validity of the four-factor structure was verified by the confirmatory factor analysis method. In addition, two-way ANOVA was performed to investigate the relationship between demotivational factors and proficiency level. As a result, statistically significant differences were found between Low and High groups in all the factors, and between Middle and High groups in the factors expect for Devalued learning. In addition, the scores of Speaking anxiety and Boredom consistently scored the highest among the four factors. However, the degree of demotivation was decreased as the learners’ Japanese proficiency improved. Findings from this study indicated that teachers should strive to make classes not only less anxious but also more interesting. Moreover, teachers should scaffold learners, especially low proficient beginners to prevent or minimize their demotivation.

Indonesian is the word order of SVO. The limitative expression in Indonesian generally functions as an adverb in the sentence. Adverbs to express limitative expression in Indonesian are classified in some variations. In this paper, the researcher clarified the structure and meaning of limitative expression saja in Indonesian. Referring to the term used by Alwi (1998), Sneddon (2000) and Chaer (2009), saja appears to the right of nouns and verbs. Sneddon (2006) uses the word ‘limiter’ to show the meaning of saja. The research methodology used descriptive using actual data. Data analysis was conducted using theory, as stated by Alwi (1998), Sneddon (2000, 2006), and Chaer (2009). When translated into Japanese, the meaning of saja can be converted into various particles. The definition of each of the particles that express the limitation is considered based on the theory of Sawada (2007), Numata (2009), and Nitta (2009). The results of the research are, saja can be classified into five categories; there are uniqueness, multiplicity, continuity, the minimum limit, and extremity. In Japanese, each meaning can be translated into toritatejoshi dake, bakari, and sae.

In previous researches Japanese voice constructions were examined as devices for managing discourse coherence by indicating a person as the focus of attention or of spearker’s empathy. However, in that discourse function a speaker cannot choose the function because it is automatically determined by grammatical and cognitive ways. Previous studies rarely studied the context constitutive choice made by a speaker in every actual language use. This paper aims to explain the functions of Japanese voice constructions which can potentially be a set of options for a speaker’s choice in a discourse, and then examines the speaker’s motivation for the choice made. Introspective and intuitive research method is used to explain the set of options and motivations of speaker’s choice, and each set is assumed to be formed paradigmatically based on functional linguistic theory. The functions of constructions are explained as indexical functions which is developed in the theory of anthropological linguistics. Indexical functions examined here are conventional grammatical knowledges shared in a particular language community. The data used are personal narrative ones. Therefore, the speaker’s focus of attention or empathy no longer need to be questioned here, because in the personal narratives the speaker itself is cognitively the focus of attention. The analysis shows that the indexical functions of constructions chosen by the speaker is roughly divided into two types of indexicals, the first is referential indexicals which express the locus of speaker, directionality, causality, and affectedness of actions, evaluative attitudes towards events, social statuses and powers, and mental attitudes. The second is nonreferential indexicals that express socio-cultural attitudes.

The basic meaning of the morphological aspect of Japanese is the opposition between the form -ru/-tawhich expresses perfective, and -teiru/-teitawhich expresses imperfective. Also there are perfect meanings which derivate from the basic meaning of -taand -teiru/-teitaforms. They refer to the fact that a certain result or effect of previous activity remain at a certain point of time. In Indonesian function wordssudahand telah, which are generally considered as perfective markers, can often be the equivalent of perfect meanings in Japanese. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the differences between perfect aspect meanings in both languages mainly regarding the use of words sudahandtelah. This paper aims to explain perfect meanings in Japanese and Indonesian through the use of -ta, -teiru, -teitaforms and function words sudahand telah by contrastive analysis. The analysis showed that the perfect meanings cannot be fully matched with the use of sudahandtelah. They are not interchangeable because of differences in aspectual, modal, and contextual meanings. Some of them are expressed without using sudahor telah at all. Sudahmeans ingressive aspect, and refers to the result or effect of previous activities. As modal meanings, sudah indicates two things, that the speaker possesses predictions about a future event and the speaker’s attitude to provide the hearer information. Telah means completive aspect. It does not refer to the meaning of the effect of a previous activity, therefore it can not function as taxis on future perfect aspect.

This paper centers around the ideas of developing students' media literacy through integrating Japanese language learning and multimedia form. This media is utilized to facilitate Japanese irregular verbs (Doushi) learning on the basis of morphological changes. One of Japanese verb forms which is employed frequently are words which have suffix -te, for they are use ask, order and allow interlocutors to do something (-te kudasai); to show present activities (-te imasu), to give permission (-temo ii desu); and to show prohibitions (-tewa ikemasen). Preliminary study elucidated that students found these Doushiare problematic and complex; thus, additional learning media to learn autonomously is inevitable for students to practice outside the classroom tasks. Researchers attempt to achieve this by developing appropriate teaching media by using Macromedia Flas8 software based on ADDIE model research and design steps, including Analysis, Design, Development and Implementation, Evaluation. The media is called Kumori, which provides interactive and meaningful media for student self-directed learning. The findings shows that Kumorias the instructional media in learning Japanese vocabulary which follows steps of the ADDIE model in order to produce an effective and efficient instructional tool for language learning, can give positive impact to students’ academic achievement. Therefore, adopting an appropriate instructional model must because it is a systematic process in developing proper instructional materials for an effective education and training program. Further, Kumorialso expected to able to contribute and implicated in Japanese language teaching and learning.

(Title: Apologies In “Whatsapp” Produced By Japanese Department Student Of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta) This paper discusses an apology in Whatsapp by Japanese Department Students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta in several situations use semantic formula. In era digital, Many of them always deliver their message to Whatsapp. They use Whatsapp for sharing information, expressing gratitude and apologies to their friends and teachers. Expressing apologies via Whatsapp is different from expressing it directly. Writing using Whatsapp will be more creative by using emoji or kaomoji based on the situations. Besides that, they usually abbreviate their writing on Whatsapp. The purpose of this research is to know how Japanese Department Students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta expressing apologize via Whatsapp in several situations to the teacher, seniors, and friends. Do they use emoji or kaomoji and how they write an apologizing with the Teacher, Seniors, and Friend? This research uses a descriptive method with qualitative approaches since analyzed descriptively with the qualitative method. The method of analysis used the semantic formula to classify apologies based on the situation. The result of this research is the student’s tendency most of them use In-speech act instruction designation (apology content, appreciation, etc.) and they not so using emoji to express apologies to teachers.

Japanese Language considered as an HC (high context) language. It means that the context of communication is essential in socio-cultural discourses regarding Japanese language use. Nishijima (2007) stated that communicative behaviors are different in every language because of its’socio-cultural background. Japanese is a language that often considers other people’s feeling, especially interlocutor’s. This paper aims to analyze and explain how Japanese native speaker and Indonesian Japanese learners giving an explanation or reason ina refusal situation. The data in this study collected through DiscourseCompletion Test (DCT), consisting a single role-play situation which participant will read to elicit the response from another participant. The participants in this study including 16 Japanese Native Speakers (JNS) and 20 Indonesian Japanese Learners (IJL). The results of this study suggested that both JNS and IJL tend to explain their reason in a refusal situation based on the socio-cultural background in their language. JNS tend to make an excuse for the things that they can not do and ask if it may make their interlocutor in trouble because of their incapability. On the other hand, Indonesian tend to make an excuse because they feel they are incapable of doing the request.

(Title: Representation of Hero’s Journey on Main Character Chihiro in Hayao Miyazaki’s Spirited Away Anime) This paper is the result of a qualitative descriptive type of literature study. The purpose of this study was to reveal the heroic journey process of main character of Spirited Away anime named Chihiro, based on the Hero’s Journey theory proposed by Vogler. Data about Chihiro's heroic journey are obtained from anime with note taking techniques. The method used in the analysis is the method of content analysis based on the theory of Hero's Journey. From the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the main character Chihiro has undergone a total of the twelve stages of the hero’s journey. Chihiro's adventure has succeeded in changing her personality which was initially timid, spoiled, and whiny to be brave, independent, calm and confident, and full of compassion. Chihiro's heroic journey proves the true definition of a hero according to Vogler, while also proving that to win a fight does not always use physical strength. There are times when thinking intelligence and emotional intelligence are much more needed. In addition, this anime also features a lot of kamisama which was once believed by the Japanese. Miyazaki might want to remind again about the existence of Japanese gods by displaying them in this anime, either those actually found in Japanese mythology or Miyazaki's own creations. Thus, the story of Spirited Away which has a mythical structure as stated by Vogler becomes much more alive and interesting.

Many educators are beginning to believe that the learning process centered on learners will bring better results and result in success in those learners. Inspiration of an educator in determining and creating methods and models of learning can be obtained from various sources. Novel is one of the literary works that serve as a tool to represent human life as stated in the work of fiction. Because the message conveyed by the author through the novel sourced from the problems that exist in the community, one of the problems is education. The explanation explains that there is a special connection between novel and education. To prove the above statement, conducted a study that aims to obtain data or information of the forms of learning in a literary work. Found in the novel Madogiwa no Totto-chan and novel Nijuushi no Hitomi about the forms of learning for elementary school children. In this paper that presented the findings of a method of contextual learning in the two novels. Research method used is descriptive qualitative method.

Internationalization of Japanese Higher Education is not a new issue, but has begin since 1983. In 1983, the Japanese Government lead by Prime Minister Nakasone Yasuhiro announced its plan to accept 100.000 international students by 2000. The target number of international student was reached in 2003. In 2008, Japanese Government announced new plan to accept 300.000 international students by 2020. This plan called Global 30 or Ryuugakusei 30-mannin keikaku. To achieve this target, thirteen universities has been chosen to be pilot for the project. One of main aim of Global 30 is to develop system where student can learn in international method, so some university offer English program by invite English speaker lecturer, and English training for university’s staff. This paper reviews the internationalization of Higher Education in Japan, focus on Global 30 project.

This paper describes about gairaigo used by Indonesian college student of Southeast Asian Teachers Training College Course In Japan 2016 Program which have been held yearly by The Japan Foundation. One of the activities of this program is interview. On interview activity, the students often used a japanese loanwords called gairaigo. Gairaigo is Japanese loanwords which come from foreign country’s word. However, the Japanese people who is being interviewed didn’t understood the meaning of gairaigo spoken by the students. Thats because the students didn’t paid attention of the morphological concept of gairaigo itself. Before adapted to a gairaigo, a foreign country’s word have to passed a morphoogical process according to Japanese rules. The gairaigo which got analyzed is gairaigo used for interview on 19thof January 2017. The reason to choose this interview to be the source data is because, on this interview was the very first interview to be done and the gairaigo used on in haven’t been checked or edited bu Japanese people. There’re three process of morphological that occur on gairaigo exist in the data source. They’re compound morphological, abreviation morphological, and basic morphological. The compound morphological is a morphological process to compound two different words become one word. The abreviation morphologica is a morphological process to abreviated some syllabel from word. The basic morphological if a morphological process to syncronized the original word phonology to Japanese phonology. Abstrak ___________________________________________________________________ Pada tulisan ini akan dijelaskan mengenai gairaigo yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa peserta program Southeast Asian Teachers Training College Course In Japan 2016 yang merupakan program tahunan dari The Japan Foundation. Salah satu kegiatan pada program tersebut ialah kegiatan wawancara (intabyuu). Dalam kegiatan tersebut, seringkali mahasiswa menggunakan gairaigo untuk memudahkan komunikasi dengan orang Jepang. Gairaigo ialah salah satu jenis kosakata dalam bahasa Jepang yang berasal dari negara asing. Namun, tidak jarang orang Jepang tidak memahami maksud dari kosakata gairaigo tersebut. Hal ini dikarenakan mahasiswa tidak memperhatikan pembentukan gairaigo dari kata yang digunakan. Sebelum menjadi gairaigo, sebuah kata harus mengalami penyesuaian pembentukan kedalam tata aturan bahasa Jepang. Gairaigo yang dianalisis ialah gairaigo yang digunakan pada kegiatan wawancara yang dilaksanakan pada 19 Januari 2017. Alasan penggunaan wawancara ini sebagai sumber data dikarenakan wawancara ini merupakan wawancara pertama yang dilakukan, dan gairaigo yang digunakan belum dikoreksi oleh orang Jepang. Pada analisis data, terdapat tiga jenis pembentukan gairaigo pada kosakata gairaigo yang digunakan mahasiswa. Pembentukan yang dimaksud ialah pembentukan dengan penggabungan (compound), pembentukan dengan pemendekan (abreviasi), dan pembentukan dengan pola dasar. Pembentukan dengan penggabungan ialah pembentukan dengan menggabungkan dua kata menjadi satu frase. Pembentukan dengan pemendekan ialah pembentukan dengan menghilangkan beberapa silabel suatu kata. Pembentukan pola dasar ialah pembentukan dengan menyesuaikan pelafalan kata asli dengan pelafalan bahasa Jepang.

This paper describes the process of forming the word on Gairaigo. Gairaigo is a Japanese loanword which originates from a foreign language except Chinese. It undergoes sound adjustments (Phonology) and grammatical adjustments before being borrowed and used as Gairaigo in Japanese. Gairaigo analyzed is gairaigo which was written in Yomuiri Shinbun Newspaper, edition of 22nd of January 2017. There are two processes which occur on Gairaigo existing in the data source. Firstly, the phonological process or sound adjustment is divided into 5 aspects. They are Adding vocals, changing sounds, accents, and pronunciations according to the spelling. Secondly,the Morphological process or the word-former morpheme. The morphological process is divided into 2; Fukugo (compound) and Ryakugo (Abbreviation). Ryakugo consists of abbreviation, clipping, and acronym. Abstrak ___________________________________________________________________ Dalam kertas ini menjelaskan proses pembentukkan kata pada Gairaigo. Gairaigo adalah kata serapan bahasa Jepang yang berasal dari bahasa Asing selain bahasa China. Gairago mengalami penyesuaian bunyi (fonologi) dan penyusaian gramatikal sebelm dipinjam dan digunakan sebagai Gairaigo dalam bahasa Jepang. Gairaigo yang dianaisi adalah Gairaigo yang terdapat pada koran Yomiuri shinbun edisi 22 Januari 2017. Terdapat 2 proses yang terjadi pada Gairaigo yang ada pada sumber data. Pertama, proses Fonologi atau penyesuaian bunyi yang dibagi menjadi 5 aspek; penambahan vokal, pengubahan bunyi, aksen dan ucapan menurut ejaan dalam bahasa Jepang. Kedua, proses Morfologi atau morfem pembentuk kata. Proses morfologi dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu; Fukugo (penggabungan) dan Ryakugo (pemendekkan). Ryakugo terdiri dari singkatan, Clipping (pemenggalan) dan Akronim.

[Title: MINWA: The Reflection of Japanese society’s Life ] Folklore is part of a collective culture that is spread and passed down from generation to generation. In this paper we will discuss about the type of oral folklore that developed in Japan. This exposure focuses on an explanation of the values of life contained in all three. The values of life discussed include religious values, social values and moral values. By knowing these values can be known also things that became the origin of the formation of Japanese society identity. The results of this research is that folklor which in Japan known as Minwa, can be categorized into 3 types and knows as Shinwa, Densetsu and Mukashi Banashi. In the three types of folklore Mukashi Banashi is a type of folklore that is full of life values. In mukashi banashi the religious values, social values and moral values described not only in all the elements of the story builder, but they are expressed in more detail.

The author analyzes the shape and function of the verb temiru and structure modification studies. The purpose of this study is to describe the shape and function of temiru verb in the sentence contained in the work of Banana Yoshimoto kitchin novel and novel Totto - chan Tetsuko Kuroyanagi work through the study of form and function. In this paper the author uses descriptive analysis method according to the theory Sudaryanto. According to research methods of descriptive analysis is done solely based on facts or phenomena that are empirically still used by native speakers so it can be described as is. For data analysis the authors use the method agih, namely the basic techniques Element For Direct ( BUL ). To analyze the data, the author uses the theory Yuriko Sunagawa et al. Based on this theory can be found in general function temiru verb meaning to try .

Speaking is a language skill that is used as a medium of daily communication. The ability to speak is one of the ability to communicate to convey various ideas, messages, intentions and opinions to others. Speaking is the most effective form of communication, its use is the most extensive and most important. The ability to speak in the Department of Japanese Language Education FPBS UPI is covered in courses shokyukaiwa 1 and 2, chukyukaiwa 1 and 2, chujokyukaiwa 1 and 2, for 6 semesters. Kaiwa lectures in each class is a large class followed by about 26-30 students. Thus a variety of learning techniques can maximize the ability to speak Japanese is needed. Kourourenshuu (練習 練習) is one of the learning techniques to improve the speaking skills directly from the teacher and repeated and recited in accordance with the taught phrase. Hearing, reciting, questioning and role play are activities undertaken to practice basic level speaking skills. This paper discusses the learning subjects shokyu kaiwa 1 and 2 which is held in the Department of Japanese Language Education FPBS UPI. In accordance with what is proposed by Iskandarwassid and Sunendar (2015: 286) the basic level of speaking in the subject shokyukaiwa 1 and 2 aims for the learner to pronounce the sounds of language, can convey information, express or disagree, explain identity, retell The results simultaneously, express respect and role play. Learning is done by various learning techniques such as repeating speech (text conversation), see power point, interview (interviews), and one-party conversation (conveying interview information), and role play (speaking training with learner idea). Based on the observations during the lectures, the learner actively engages in communication as well as the ability to initiate and present ideas when playing a very positive role.

[Kotowaza in Cognitive Linguistic Analysis: The Use of Synecdoche]. This paper analyzes kotowaza using synecdoc through the study of cognitive linguistic. The background of this research is the difficulty of understanding relationships between the meanings of the kotowaza on foreign learners because of cultural differences and lack of dictionaries that support the process of understanding kotowaza deeply. The purpose of this research is to understand kotowaza deeply, determine the connection of these lexical-figurative meaning of Japanese proverbs using synecdoche based on the study of cognitive linguistics. The method used is a qualitative method in approach of cognitive linguistics. At the end of the study, it is concluded that synecdochecan be used to analyze the correlation between the lexical meaning and figurative meaning of kotowaza that contains a word or two which represents wider or smaller meaning such as kotowaza which related to the characteristics of an area or kotowaza that associated with number.

In Japanese toritatejoshi Bakari is a particle that shows the meaning of limitation by way of highlight an element in the sentence and shows that there is only one element of the sole, while the other elements similar omitted. Meanwhile in a Indonesian Toritatejoshi Bakari has lexical meaning 'just' and 'only'. Matching of toritatejoshi Bakari in a Indonesian language included in limitedly adverb is an adverb that describes the meaning associated with the limitation. The problem in a this paper are (1) What is the structure of a sentence that uses toritatejoshi Bakari as limiting particle in a Japanese sentences and their counterparts in a Indonesian? (2) What is the meaning of a sentence that uses toritatejoshi Bakari as limiting particle in a Japanese sentences and their counterparts in a Indonesian? (3) What is the scope of toritatejoshi Bakari as limiting particle in a Japanese sentences and their counterparts in a Indonesian?. Based on the analysis conducted, it is known appropriation of both languages​​. In practical terms this study are expected to be useful for foreign language speakers of Japanese in the understanding toritatejoshi fueled as barrier particles so as to assist in the Japanese language proficiency both orally and in writing and helps understanding in Indonesian

After defeated on World War II, Japan economy has recover and become one of developed country in Asia. One of the factor that give contribute to Japanese economy rising is Japanese spirit. Company usually teached work culture to every worker that can be seen from Japanese work ethic. For example ideology of Family Methaphore, Shushin Koyo seido (Lifetime employment) Nenko Joretsu ( Salary based on seniority ) and Kigyou betsu Kumiai (Union based on corporation). The work culture practice in Japan company has had positive and negative consequences. As we know, that it has great contributed to Japanese economy development it self. But, it also bring a number of social problem especially to many workers. Service overtime and Karoshi are the example of the consequences of Japan work ethic practice until nowadays. Worker are expected to give their deducation and loyality to job company. This paper will try to give explanation about the consequences of Japan work ethic practice in Japan.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to know the politeness strategy dan expressions which are exist in expressions contain of politeness strategy in Japanese conversation class for basic level and intermediate level. The data sources are the conversation part of book titled Minna No Nihongo Shokyuu 2 dan Minna No Nihongo Chuukyuu 1. Based on the analysis result, there are 110 datas found in basic level, and 68 datas are found in intermediate level. As a result, positive politeness strategy (sub strategy 2) is the most found politeness strategy in basic level, while negative politeness strategy (sub strategy 1) is the most found politeness strategy in intermediate level. The type of expressions that are found in expressions contain of positive politeness strategy (sub strategy 2), such as ～ndesuka（~んですか）, ~desuka (～ですか), while the type of expressions that are found in expressions contain of negative politeness strategy (sub strategy 1), such as Chotto~te mo ii desuka (ちょっと～てもいいですか), Chotto~te itadakenaideshouka (ちょっと～ていただけないでしょうか).

Abstract This article describes phenomenon of similarities and differences gestures which have similarities and differences in the interpretation of the meaning of Japan society and Indonesia society. In Japan society and Indonesia society, equations of motion cues with similar meaning indicating similarities mindsets. In contrast, differences in gestures with different meanings show different mindset. This paper also describes some cases phenomenon of gesture interpretation misunderstandings caused by cultural differences between speaker and listener. To learn a language, is to learn the culture contained therein Keywords: gestures, mindsets, society, culture, phenomenon

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to know the structure of compound verb (V + V) in Japanese. The structure is a forming of zenkoudoushi (first verb) and koukoudoushi (second verb). The second verb is kiru. And the first verbs are joutai doushi (statis) keizoukudoushi (contuinity), shunkandoushi (fungtual), and daiyoushudoushi (the four verb). This classification from the Kindaichi’s classification. As a single verb kiru means to cut, to slice, to decide, and to turn off. When it combined with other verbs, the verb kiru will form a compound verb which has several meanings. Commonly, compound verb kiru has two meanings, namely in terms of lexical meaning and syntactical meaning. Lexically, compound verb kiru means setsudan ‘cutting’ and shuketsu ‘ends/over’, while syntactically this verb means kyokudo ‘extraordinary/ infinite’ and kansui ‘perfective’. The compound verb ~kiru which attached to continuity (keizokudoushi) has meaning as setsudan ‘cutting’, shuketsu ‘ends/over’, and kansui ‘perfective’, while when it is attached to the punctual verb (shuunkandoushi) means kyokudo ‘extraordinary/ infinite’. Keyword : zenkoudoushi, koukoudoushi, compound verb, ~kiru

ABSTRACT The paper describes theidentification ofthe elements of popularity TV drama seriesKinpachi Senseiand its transformationbased on thetheoryformulawithapproachesthat examinecontinuity, repetition, duplicationandimitationofa formand elements ofpopularfiction. In addition, thesyntacticsemanticapproaches and qualitativeapproachto collect datain the form ofwrittendocuments such as quotationsandstatistics will use too. The result of this study concludes that history of a work to be popular can not be separated from the influence of society culture in the coloring of a genre. Key words: popular culture, formula, convention, school life, TV drama.