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The article "Opening of graves and turtles. The European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis L.) from the cemetery of the Wielbark culture in Czarnówko and the question of posthumous interventions in the past" reports on the discovery of turtle remains in a grave of the Wielbark culture in Czarnówko. It investigates how this finding can be connected to the opening of graves and the presence of turtle remains. It is determined that about 90% of the graves in Czarnówko were manipulated after burial. Similar findings have also been made in other burial grounds in Central Europe. The presence of turtles in the graves is related to the phenomenon of grave opening, which has been observed in areas where body burial was practiced. [Extracted from the article]

The essay "A Gold Coin from Jastrzębniki, Kalisz District (PL). On Late Celtic Coinage in Central Europe" examines the continuation of gold coinage in Central Europe after the collapse of the Bohemian-Moravian oppida. The study focuses on three minting centers that imitated late Boii gold coins. These mints recycled popular shell staters with sun and moon motifs and also issued various small coins made of electrum alloys. The coins were circulated in the Oder and Vistula basins and likely had a regional prestige value. One reason for the disappearance of local coin traditions among the northern barbarian elites may have been the massive influx of Roman coins in the second century AD. [Extracted from the article]

This article (which is dedicated to the German professor Alfred Haverkamp) focuses on the expulsions of Jews in Europe during the Middle Ages. Several topics are discussed, including how the Prussian King Frederick II wrote letters protecting Jews after his ancestor Rupert II expelled the Prussian Jews, how the French Kings Philip II, August, and Louis VIII all mistreated the Jews when they first came into power, and how Jewish communities and Jewish individuals were often expelled without warning or reason during the Middle Ages.

This paper discusses the ecdesiological insights gained in the consultation on church and church fellowship between representatives of the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe (CPCE) and the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity. In the introduction, the formation of this conversation and its significance for the ecumenical movement in Europe is discussed. Then the approach in the understanding of the church is reflected on the differentiation of the foundation, shape and mission of the church, which proceeds from the implicit reference of the CPCE church study to the understanding of the church in Lume n Ge n tium. The explication is an ecumenical learning process that points the way for further conversations on ecclesiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about a research program to be released by a European committee in 2007. The program is intended to facilitate European users' access to digital information, as well as to increase digital library user rates. An additional goal is noted as the sharing of digital information between all European libraries. A call for papers is announced for the period between June 2007 and October 4, 2007.

The preservation of fruit genetic resources is the basis for ensuring a sustainable fruit production. All activities of long-term preservation, utilization, research and development of fruit genetic resources are based on the German National Program for Genetic Resources of Agricultural and Horticultural Plants. The Fruit Gene Bank at the Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops has been established as a partner for science and practice at the national and international level since its integration into JKI at January 1st, 2003. In addition to the cultivar collections for all fruit species native to Central Europe, it also has comprehensive wild species collections, which are the largest public collections of their type in Europe for the genera Malus and Fragaria. The conservation strategies in the fruit gene bank, especially under the special aspect of wild species, will be summarized in this paper and the combination of different conservation methods will be highlighted as a potential to secure the genetic resources of fruits sustainably and effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "Approaching a New Enlightenment: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Democracy, Participation, and Inclusion" is a commemorative publication for the farewell of Prof. Dr. Willehad Lanwers from the Evangelische Hochschule Darmstadt. It deals with societal phenomena and individual life situations in relation to inclusion and exclusion. The contributions address topics such as educational processes, inclusion as a state goal, psychology, social and economic integration in Europe, art as a medium of encounter, and digital participation. The articles are theoretically demanding and primarily aimed at a specialized audience. [Extracted from the article]

The present paper describes standardised operating procedures (SOP) within clinical sleep medicine. As such, it is a continuation of the previously published European Guidelines for the Accreditation of Sleep Medicine Centres (SMC) and European Guidelines for the Certification of Professionals in Sleep Medicine, aimed at creating standards of practice in European sleep medicine. It is also part of a broader action plan of the European Sleep Research Society (ESRS). In an updated section, the cost-effectiveness of sleep medicine and its relevance for resource allocation of general health care is emphasized. The following section of this paper is the translation of the guideline of the ESRS into German language: Fischer J, Dogas Z, Bassetti CL et al. (2012) Standard procedures for adults in accredited sleep medicine centres in Europe. J Sleep Res 2012; 21:357-368. In the current paper, the SOPs in sleep medicine centres regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients evaluated at SMC, accredited according to the European Guidelines, are primarily based on prevailing evidence-based medicine principles. In addition, parts of the SOPs are based on a formalized consensus procedure applied by a group of Sleep Medicine Experts from the European National Sleep Societies (ANSS). For the workload of the professionals in different SOPs, consensus was also achieved. The final recommendations for SOPs are categorized either as 'standard practice', 'procedure that could be useful', 'procedure that is not useful' or 'procedure with insufficient information available'. The SOPs described here include both subjective and objective testing, as well as recommendations for follow-up visits and for ensuring patient-safety in sleep medicine. The overall goal of the current SOPs is the further development of excellence in practice and quality assurance of sleep medicine in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper looks at the European Union's involvement in the Western Balkans and points out some of the imminent problems when dealing with a region with disputed territorial issues and trying to support reform processes in countries with divided societies. Although the Western Balkans and the South Caucasus can hardly be compared with each other, at least when it comes to the engagement of the EU, it can be assumed that similar strategies will be pursued and policy instruments deployed. Therefore, it is useful to identify some lessons taken from the Western Balkans that are applicable for the South Caucasus. The paper deals 1) with the controversies on Kosovo's independence and the problems of the EU to deal with its consequences, and 2) with the EU's efforts to support the constitutional and police reform processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to illustrate the challenges the EU faces when it has to deal with a "divided" country. In the second part, the paper looks at the EU's engagement in the South Caucasus, where the EU might play a similar role in the future as it does in the Balkans. The investigations demonstrate that European foreign policy has often lacked consistent strategies towards the Western Balkans, which prevented the EU from achieving "satisfactory" outcomes in its neighbourhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about several papers discussed at a symposium "Die Entwicklung der Hofmusik von der kurfürstlichen Kapelle von Brandenburg zum Hoforchester des ersten Königs in Preußen" held October 16-18, 2015 at Berlin, Germany is presented. Topics discussed include popularity of early modern court chapels in musicological studies, development and the repertoire of the Prussian court orchestra during the reign of King Frederick II and diversity of modern princely courts of Europe.

The article reports on a conference on the history of antisemitism in Eastern Europe from the late nineteenth century until the beginning of World War II, convened in Warsaw, Poland, from May 16-18, 2013. Papers presented included examples of antisemitic political violence, pogroms, and racist propaganda in such countries as Hungary, Poland, and Ukraine.

In this paper we analyze the opening hours of 50 randomly selected university libraries (UL) in Austria, Germany, Canada and the USA. The aim of this analysis is to identify possible influences on the extent of the opening hours. Potential influencing factors that we consider are library size and country (state) or linguistic area in which a library is located. The results of the analysis show that larger UL and UL that are located in the United States tend to be opened longer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on a symposium of the Consortium of Swiss Academic Libraries for long-term availability of royalty-bearing digital content (i.e. licensed content) and summarises the papers presented at the symposium and the discussion phases between the lectures. Starting from a statement on the reasons of the consortium to deal with issues of long-term availability of royalty-bearing content (looking for a technical and organisational solution to ensure post-cancellation-access to various electronic journals for the consortium member libraries) the state of digital preservation activities in some European countries is outlined (Germany, Netherlands, Denmark, France, Italy, Great Britain). The two long-term-preservation projects LOCKSS and Portico are described in terms of their concepts, their organisational structures and their modes of operation. Advantages and disadvantages of both projects are shown through their comparison. The implementation of a LOCKSS test-installation at the Library of ETH Zurich is briefly outlined and the perspective of a major academic publishing house (Springer) on the issue of digital preservation is reported. The event as a whole is being evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on a conference on the demographics and statistics of human casualties during World War II, held in Budapest, Hungary, on December 9-10, 2012. Papers addressed case studies and methodological problems regarding the accounting of victims in several belligerent countries in Europe, including Germany, the USSR, and Poland. Research tools, such as various databases, and the political implications of historiography in this field were also discussed.

Heritable thrombophilia as a concept in hemostasis has been continuously discovered parallel to the knowledge on physiology of bleeding disorders. Since the 1980s it has become increasingly popular to search for thrombophilia in patients with thromboembolism and their relatives. Although initially no direct evidence existed for any advantage for the patients, successive clinical studies have helped to understand the risk of thrombosis and to stratify the patients in relation to the thrombophilic defect. In the meantime national and international guidelines have been published, suggesting which candidates should be examined and what tests should be performed. In the present paper we summarise and explain the rationale of these guidelines from the european point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on "Inszenierung als Legitimation? Die Monarchie im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert - ein deutsch-englischer Vergleich," a conference that focused on the history of monarchies in Europe, and took place in Coburg, Germany. Papers presented at the conference discussed topics such as the influence of Christianity on the German monarchy in the 1800s, the courtly ceremonies during the reign of German Emperor William II., and the role of the British royal family in the media.

The article offers information on "Umweltgeschichte der Frühen Neuzeit - Experiment und Perspektive," a conference that focused on the environmental history of Europe during the early modern period. It took place in Munich, Germany from February 17-19, 2011. Papers presented discussed topics such as the study of natural disasters in the early modern period, the environmental history of rivers in Europe, and the agricultural knowledge and use of land during that time period.

The article offers information on the "Historical Climatology" conference that took place at the German Historical Institute in Paris, France from September 5-6, 2011. Papers presented at the conference discussed topics such as how historians can contribute to finding a solution to climate change, how climate change affected animals in England and Wales during the 14th century, and how certain types of documentary data can aid in the reconstruction of European climates.

The article reports on the conference "'Universal Reformation': Intellectual Networks in Central and Western Europe, 1560-1670," held at the University of Oxford, Great Britain, from September 21-23, 2010. Papers on topics including the cultural, intellectual, and academic networks of the nobility, millenarian movements, and the propaganda media of the German Reformation were discussed.

The article reports on the conference "Stadtkultur – Kultur(haupt)stadt," held from November 9-11, 2010, in Linz, Austria. The papers presented discussed various aspects of urban history and culture from the late Middle Ages to the early 21st century, including symbolic representations of religion and politics in medieval and early modern Zurich, Switzerland, the role of music in urban society, and urban cultural institutions such as museums, theaters, and libraries.

By surveying the European history of narrative research on the one hand, and the history of collecting oral ethno-texts on the other, this paper presents different theoretical concepts reflecting the individual and collective shares in production and transmission. The discovery of the author in the narrator (and of the narrator in the author), and the distinction between plot, story, and discourse or between narrative structure and its phenomenological realization in the act of storytelling, allows us to determine the individual achievement of the narrator, who is also an author. What status has been accorded to this achievement since the twentieth century? Does it establish the narrator's literary ownership of his narrated text? And what are the roles of the researcher recording the text on tape and transcribing it, or of the editor who publishes the text in an anthology? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the conference "Der Kult des großen Plans um 1910: Gestaltung von Metropolen in historischer Perspektive," held on November 25-26, 2010, at the Technical University of Berlin, Germany. The conference discussed philosophies and standards of urban planning in the early 20th century in cross-cultural perspective, with papers focusing on various cities, including Chicago, Illinois, Vienna, Austria, and Canberra, Australia.

The article reports on a conference entitled "Haus - Familie - Ordnung" (Home - Family - Order), the third annual meeting of the working group "Haus im Kontext: Kommunikation und Lebenswelt" (Home in Context: Communication and Lifeworld), held in Rheinfelden, Switzerland, from November 24-26, 2010. Presentations included papers on the historical development of family relationships, concepts and perceptions of order in a household, and relationships between humans and animals in their houses.

The article reports on a conference on the concept of Christianitas (Christendom) in the Middle Ages, held from April 11-13, 2012, in Loveno di Menaggio, Italy. Topics of the precirculated papers included historical and political aspects of the evolution of the term Christendom, the representation of the papacy in medieval sacred art, and expectations of the future in medieval historiography.