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In this paper, I will discuss Bulgarian and Romanian balkanisms in legal terminology in the context of the European Union. To begin, I will give a short overview of the importance of balkanisms and I will discuss Bulgarian and Romanian in the context of Balkan languages in the European Union. Following Schaller (2012, 2018), I will comment on different features of Balkan languages. As Lyutakova (2017, 2018) puts it, the recent development is characterized by significant political, social and economic changes, which are taking place in both Bulgaria and Romania. This development is important in shaping both Bulgarian and Romanian languages, and is therefore important in shaping legal language in both countries. Thus, I will characterize legal language as a technical language, and present its particularities. I will highlight (un)intelligibility, (in)comparability, and (un)translatability as main features of legal documents. Then, I will analyze examples from the Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The main scope is to discuss balkanisms in this Treaty, and to regard balkanisms in the European legal language as EUbalkanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of the present paper is "Culture and civilisation in teaching foreign languages for specific purposes", with "culture and civilization" referring to the "science of a country's culture". The linguistic capacity of acting in the economic area in the age of globalization is closely linked to culture and civilization and to the knowledge of other cultures. Lacking information can lead to communication difficulties which can result in financial loss in the economic sphere. After defining the chosen topic and the applied concepts in the first part of the paper, the second part enlarges upon the topic of the "cultural competence" concentrating on the management of space and time as important cultural components of communication in the economic sphere. In the third part of the paper I present types of exercises for the development of cultural knowledge and I discuss how they can be introduced in the process of language teaching for Romanian students. In the last part I draw the conclusions about the significance of regional and cultural knowledge and about the appropriate exercises used for its increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gradation and intensification can be subject to different linguistic procedures. The present paper focuses on aspects of intensification and gradation by means of word formation in adjectives. The argument is that German and Romanian, as languages belonging to different language families, operate with different means to express high intensity in adjectives. The critical analysis on dictionary items (German- Romanian) aims at disclosing how mental representations are being formally structured at language level. It argues that correct equivalence in translation work can be achieved only if the deep structure level is properly understood by the translator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims at describing the cultural specifics of Romanian and German collocations in the field of accounting. It examines which collocations of the two languages for specific purposes are more or less specific and in which of the two LSPs the degree of specialisation in equivalence pairs is higher. The research confirms that, despite globalisation and the attempts to unify the accounting systems, on the conceptual level, the national cultural characteristics of the two languages are maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]