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The article discusses some inaccurate uses of pronominal forms, certain terms, syntactical and lexical mistakes in papers on welding. The article also provides the examples of mistakes found in welding papers. The use of nonpronominal forms in the denoted terms is one of the typical morphological mistakes in treating the process of welding. Another problem is the inaccurate use and wrong formation of terminology. The main lexical mistakes are semantic mistakes and calque. The article also focuses on the syntactical mistakes – the mistaken expression of purpose, the wrong use of preposition prie, redundant use of abstract nouns in treatises, also inaccurate use of infinitive with conjuction kad in dependant clauses. Causes for language mistakes and correction of errors are given

The paper presents the analysis of German Adjectives’ derivational means, which intensify the meaning of quality, and which are compared with functional equivalents in Lithuanian. The intensification of quality is treated as the functional semantic category, implemented in various language levels. This semantics may be expressed morphologically, by lexical and syntactic means, as well as by stress and intonation. The German language has many first components of compound adjectives, representing the intensification of quality, such as: stock-, blitz-, hoch-, brand-, grund-, etc. The rendering function of this semantics is typical of German adjectives prefixes erz-, ur- as well as prefixes of foreign origin super-, ultra-, extra-, mega-, hyper-, top-. In the Lithuanian language, the intensifying meaning of quality is realized by syntactic com-pounds, while on the morphological level it can be conveyed by diminutive suffixes. The paper presents the comparison of German and Lithuanian quality intensification expression means in order to highlight typological similarities and differences.

Technology has the capacity to enhance a foreign language learning process of students, but it is not always an easy task to determine how much of a traditional classroom and distance learning should be integrated into the teaching process. The research methodology is based on a small scale qualitative and quantitative analysis among the students attending the English language courses provided by the Centre of Foreign Languages at Vytautas Magnus University.The paper reports on the results of the survey that presents the students’ attitudes on traditional and blended learning of the English language. The paper also deals with the topic that is sometimes ignored in much of the distance education literature: students’ distressing experiences due to communication breakdowns and technical difficulties.

The paper discusses the dimension of liberal education in the studies at a technological university emphasizing two aspects: socializing of studies of technical sciences and education of a professional – generalist. Liberal education in the studies at a technological university is regarded as a possibility to educate a professional with such abilities as communication skills, critical thinking, understanding of social context, professional ethics, scientific interest in professional development and motivation for further education. On the basis of the analysis of scientific literature, the paper presents theoretical model of liberal education in the studies at a technological university.

The paper considers some theoretical problems associated with the analysis of the coursebooks for teaching English for specific purposes. The author surveys scientific literature on the problem and the available coursebooks, stating that there are only a few good coursebooks for higher technical schools both in Lithuania and abroad. The author believes that the main shortcomings are as follows: 1) coursebooks are not adapted for higher technical schools methodically, psychologically and didactically; 2) they lack the required correlation between the varieties of linguistic activities; 3) teaching materials are not always based on statistical data and research. The aim of this present paper is to suggest effective methods of solving these problems. Practical recommendations concerning the preparation of quality coursebooks based on firm scientific principles for higher technical schools are presented. Article in Lithuanian

Straipsnio tikslas strateginis. Autorius siekia padėti pedagogui realizuoti Europos Tarybos iškeltą ES šalims nuostatą: užtikrinti, kad abiturientai, kartu ir studentai, labai gerai, meistriškai išmoktų užsienio kalbą (Modern 2001). Šio tikslo pasiekti galėtų padėti racionalesnis besimokančiųjų kalbinių gebėjimų ugdymas, kryptingesnė autonominio kalbos mokymosi strategija ir taktika, sintetinis komunikacinių kompetencijų ugdymo modelis. Straipsnyje pagrįsta nauja, originali komunikacinės kompetencijos samprata, kuri galėtų lengvinti grynosios daugiakalbystės individo psichikoje formavimąsi. Šiam tikslui pasiekti, kaip rodo tyrimai, padeda taksonomija, metakognityvinio mąstymo puoselėjimas, autonominis kalbų mokymasis, sintetinis individualizuotas komunikacinių kompetencijų ugdymo (-si) modelio nuostatų įdiegimas. Kelių kalbų geras išmokimas – bendravalstybinis reikalas, Lietuvai tampant visaverte ES nare. The aim of the paper is a strategic one. The author seeks to help an educator to realize the provision set by the European Board of languages to the EU countries: both school-leavers and students should master a second language [1]. It is an achievable goal if we develop students’ language abilities in a rational way, form their autonomous language learning, purposefully implement learning/teaching of the synthetic model of communicative competences. (7; 8; 9). The original notion of communicative competency is grounded in the paper. The mentioned notion might facilitate the process of the multilingualism formation in an individual’s mind. Several things may help for this goal realization: taxonomy, the development of metacognitive way of thinking, the implementation of the provisions of the synthetic model of the communicative competences development into the coordinated process of teaching/learning several languages (educators, learners, the authors of authentic study programmes, text books for Lm, L1, L2, etc.) The mentioned provisions of the European Board are the multinational affair if Lithuania seeks to become a full-fledged member of the EU. The paper is of a debatable character.

In the paper computer loanwords and tendencies of the use of Lithuanian equivalents among students were explored and the factors determining their choice were defined. The computer terminology is one of the newest sections of special terminology and thus has not yet been established. The larger half of computer terms are adopted from English, the spread of which is being tried to restrain, that is why barbarisms are being replaced by appropriate Lithuanian terms. However, suitable substitutes are not always to be found. Furthermore, not all of the new terms proposed by the specialists establish themselves in the Lithuanian language. The adoption or rejection of a particular Lithuanian term can be defined by various factors: brevity of term, sonority, comfort of use, clarity, fidelity, adoption of the loanword, etc. The paper analyses the data, provided in questionnaires by students of Kaunas University of Technology, about the use of 10 computer loanwords and the use of 1 equivalent and discusses the factors, defining the adoption or rejection of loanwords.

The paper presents the problem of the evaluation of non-formal and informal learning at universities. The practice to evaluate the prior knowledge, the experience a person has gained in different environment: at work, different courses, training, etc. is used in many countries in the world. France has been using this practice for about twenty years and has developed its own system of evaluation and recognition of non-formal and informal learning which is presented in this paper. A piloting experiment was conducted in our country to determine a need in Lithuania to develop such a system at universities. The statistical data of the piloting experiment is presented.

The use of electronic language portfolios has been preferable to the use of common paper portfolios for ease of application – there is no need for accumulating a number of files of written papers, which solves the problem of storing space and, to some extent, helps reduce students’ and teachers’ workload.The study investigated learners’ perceptions of employing electronic language portfolios for conducting various assignments in English for Specific Purposes. The research involved university students of different specializations. Learners’ experience of employing portfolios and opinions on their benefits for improving language skills have been analyzed and statistically treated using SPSS software. The results show that students are positive about application of electronic portfolios in ESP classes. The use of online portfolios for various assignments helps teachers foster students’ learning, encourages critical thinking, develops creativity, motivates learners to use digital technology, encourages collaboration of learners, and in the long run, leads to lifelong learning.

The paper deals with the structure of foreign languages teaching at higher non – linguistic school complex methods and the problems of its formation. It supposed that teaching means should correspond to the teaching stage requirements and the students studying capabilities. Two teaching stages at a non – linguistic higher school and the usable means are discussed in the paper. Rational teaching subjects selects selection, their methodical organization and means are stressed. The adequate and sufficient number of linguistic abilities developing exercises should be prepared for different fields of linguistic activities. The presented paper should be of practical importance for the work with the students.

The paper analyses one of the most important aspects of linguistic activity, i.e. psycho-physiological fundamentals. The topic is of a great importance as there is no uniform theoretical concept of this issue, although there is a range of articles that analyze some of the aspects of the problem. The author has described physiological components of linguistic activity. From the psychological point of view, the author has accentuated two types of linguistic activity – the perceptive and the expressive – that are substantially analyzed in the present article. The author assumes that the implementation of linguistic activity as well as of any activity is possible by virtue of certain competences and skills. Linguistic competences and skills are thoroughly scrutinized and their distinctive features are pointed out in the current study. The paper also presents and analyzes the key stages of the nurturing of skills. The article could be useful both for theorists of linguodidactics and for language teaching specialists.

The current paper presents the analysis of pronouns as means of impersonal presentation in English quality press. The article gives the definition of the pronoun as a grammatical category and describes the use and purpose of impersonalization strategies. The data for the investigation was taken from the international English quality newspapers: The Financial Times (UK) and The Wall Street Journal (US), which are the leading daily broadsheet newspapers in the UK and the USA having millions of both print and online subscribers worldwide. The articles on political, economic, and social issues were chosen on a random basis and scrutinized for pronouns as means of impersonal presentation of fact. The body of 187 cases of impersonalization chosen for the analysis were divided into groups with focus on the grammatical category they belong to. The most and least often used classes of pronouns were identified and compared. The results of the current study may be useful for editors, journalists, writers, as well as for further study of impersonalization strategies in the English language.

The paper describes the up-to-date methods of teaching or learning foreign languages, which are conditioned by the integration of information technologies in the teaching process. Internet gives a perfect opportunity to enliven the lectures of foreign languages, to improve their quality and effectiveness. The main advantage of internet is its authentic material in an authentic context. The examples of such authentic material can be Web 2.0 (website of second generation), Wiki, blogs and podcasts. The second advantage of internet is that it helps the learners to cooperate together. The teachers can lead the learners more effectively, consult each learner individually. It diversifies the teaching process, encourages the activity of students, who have learning difficulties.

A lack of motivation, incomprehensible content and a high workload are only some of the causes leading to students’ failures in the learning process. Dealing with failures seems to have become a new core competence in the current world, which is why the definition and implementation of an appropriate strategy is essential for prospective learning results. The focus of the contribution is on the meaning of failure and sources of potential student failures in the foreign language learning at the university level. The results presented in the paper base on the survey conducted with English language students at Koszalin University of Technology. Students were asked to identify the field causing learning failures. The described survey delivers information about the sources of failures from learner’s point of view, which can be an incentive to develop and implement strategies to cope with failures in the ESP class.

The article analyses some construction and construction-related terms used in the journal Statybos menas ir technika / Construction Art and Technology (published in 1922–1923). The development of the construction terminology system over a short period of independence of Lithuania (1918–1940) is focused upon. Most attention is paid to the terms that are inconsistent with those currently used. The article discusses the influence of others languages on the Lithuanian language and, at the same time, how loanwords were adapted to Lithuanian language system. During the period analysed, the principles of the purity of the language and systematicity of terminology became important; therefore, new terms were created in accordance with the word-formation system of the Lithuanian language. In the current paper, affixal and compositional one-word term-formation is analysed, the frequency of derivatives of chosen models is assessed, and compound denotata are discussed.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas savęs vertinimo universitetinėse studijose būtinumas, nes tai skatina savarankišką veiklą, ugdant profesines kompetencijas, didina studento atsakomybę, skatina studentų bendradarbiavimą, atliekant grupines užduotis, ir mokymąsi visą gyvenimą. Autorės pateikia tyrimo, analizuojančio studentų savęs vertinimą, aspektus atliekant grupines projektines užduotis. Tyrime dalyvavo Mykolo Romerio universiteto teisės studijų pirmojo kurso studentai ir Erazmus mainų programų studentai, pasirinkę teisės anglų kalbos studijų programą. Straipsnyje pateikiamos statistiškai apdorotos ir išanalizuotos studentų nuomonės apie jų savęs vertinimą, atlikus įvairias grupines užduotis. Absoliuti respondentų dauguma teigiamai vertina projektų metodu grįstą mokymąsi, atliekant projektines užduotis grupėse, ir teigiamai įvertina savo kalbinių įgūdžių tobulėjimą projektinėje veikloje. Nors toks savęs vertinimas yra subjektyvus, jo reikšmė neabejotina, nes individas save vertina grupės fone, taigi sėkmė ar nesėkmė konstruojama lyginant ir skatina motyvaciją tolesnei pažangai. The article aims at exploring the benefits of self-assessment as it is an important skill for lifelong learning and for critical reflection on one’s own performance. The authors of the article focus on students’ self-assessment of their language proficiency skills and achievements in working on projects. Students’ reflection on their learning has numerous benefits, such as motivation, self-direction, greater responsibility, decreased intimidation and fear of the audience, development of critical thinking, etc. The paper presents the analysis of a questionnaire based on the research of respondents’ self-evaluation of working on the project. The study has aimed at finding out the students’ attitude towards project-based learning and their assessment of their personal progress in respect of the development of their language proficiency skills.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the experience of the first work years of teaching the students, who study by distance, to compare other authors’ experience and to examine the advantages of Moodle virtual learning environment (VLE), searching for new applications of it. The relevance of e-learning is noted. It is affirmed that metacognitive learning strategies are typical for learning foreign languages in virtual environment. It is said that the Internet is a tool that ensures studies by distance. It is said that raising the qualification and learning by distance allows a responsible employee to improve foreign language skills while lifelong learning. VLE adaptability for teaching and studying English is being discussed. It is stated that the Internet conditions all types of methods in the virtual environment, application, and its existence expands and deepens the learning approach. In the paper it is claimed that the Moodle VLE function is to improve the learning process to ensure a high level of expertise and the objectivity of assessment. Studying in conventional way and in the virtual environment are briefly compared. Moodle virtual learning environment application objectives to learning outcomes, emphasizing the importance of the traditional teaching methods, the student’s responsibility to call attention to the learning process and system characteristics are defined. It is noted that learning in the virtual environment is based on the principles of epistemology, therefore the Moodle system meets the didactic tasks. The virtual learning environment possibilities ensure a very good feedback and increase students’ motivation, and, consequently, that provides better knowledge. It is emphasized that while teaching by distance, the teacher’s responsibility, his role in the development of educational material and the course tasks have increased. Some specific cases for various forms of studies and exercises to perform in the Moodle e-system are given. Some statistical data demonstrate the improvement of the quality of knowledge due to the Moodle system application for training foreign language.

The article examines the methods applied by graduate master’s degree students of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University for the purposes of using knowledge of language for specific purposes in the work and study environment. Their linguistic situation is ambivalent: they act in the academic environment, and therefore the used language has to meet academic requirements; on the other hand, most of them are adapting to the linguistic environment at work. Thus, master’s degree students are able to view the subject of language for specific purposes and the knowledge and skills gained from a practical perspective. With the help of a questionnaire and an interview, the article is aimed at assessing the experience of applying the knowledge gained by the students who completed a course on language for specific purposes 2–5 years ago. The article analyses both academic and practical applications regarding knowledge of language for specific purposes. Extralinguistic factors are taken into account when examining why employed master’s degree students do not always use what they have learnt. The problems of the practical application of knowledge are closely related to the cultural situation; hence, the relevant issues of the postmodern epoch are discussed. The paper explores the interconnection of the practical application of knowledge that covers economic and political factors and globalisation. The study focuses on the academic application of knowledge about the language for specific purposes. Attention is paid to dangers posed for the youth language by the predominance of information technologies in higher education institutions. The article analyses how employed master’s degree students evaluate the course on language for specific purposes and the linguistic revision of MA theses, as well as explores how the knowledge provided meets their needs.

This paper, based on conducted study results, clarifies how teachers measure the leadership competencies and their importance to work success, what leadership competencies are the priority and what competencies are missing in their own and school leader’s work. Also, what competencies they would like to develop and what ways and means they consider the most effective. It is shown that most teachers valuates the managerial skills and would like to develop the ability to motivate students, personal improvement and communication skills. The biggest difficulties, promoting teachers to develop their competencies, are limited school material and non-material opportunities to motivate employees, lack of time, carried out under the direct professional activity, absence of direct correlation between the managerial training and career (promotion).

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a strategy of studies based on the interaction between students and the teacher, which is characterized by a systematic independent cognitive activity – i.e. acquiring new knowledge and mastering new modes of activity by tackling practical issues. This paper is based on the obtained findings of our study, and analyzes the attitude of the teachers of the Faculty of Medicine of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences towards the principles of the system of problem-based learning, the roles of the teacher and the student within this system, and the quality of acquired knowledge. The results of our study showed that the future tutors had positive attitudes towards problem-based learning because they identified the advantages of PBL, which could be associated with the possibilities for the creation of the effective learning environment. Through positive or critical evaluations of the manifestations of PBL, teachers can also set aims for the improvement of their own educational competence to ensure the effectiveness of the educational environment that they are creating. In our study, the advantages of problem-based learning were associated with the creation of an effective learning environment, ensuring and maintaining competence-based and psychological conditions of such environment. The downsides of PBL were associated with the creation and maintenance of suitable organizational conditions.

Straipsnyje apžvelgiama idiomatiškumo problema ir jos svarba bendravimui. Straipsnyje pateiktas angliškų idiomatinių žiniasklaidos terminų ir jų lietuviškų atitikmenų tyrimas. Žiniasklaidos priemonės, tokios kaip laikraščiai, radijas ir televizija, turi didelės įtakos bendruomenių ir individų gyvenimui ir elgsenai, o tam, kad išvengtų bet kokių lingvistinių nesėkmių, asmuo privalo suprasti idiomatinius žiniasklaidos terminus. Išanalizuoti terminai buvo suklasifikuoti į keturias kategorijas pagal jų reikšmę. Pagrindinė problema buvo ta, kad kai kurie angliški idiomatiniai žiniasklaidos terminai stokojo lietuviškų atitikmenų, dėl to buvo pasiūlytas galimas šių terminų vertimas. Current article reviews the issue of idiomaticity and the role it plays in communication. The paper presents the survey of English media idiomatic terms and their Lithuanian equivalents. The mass media like newspapers, radio and television have a significant impact on the lives and behaviour of communities as well as individuals, and to avoid any linguistic failures a person should have sufficient knowledge of idiomatic media terms. The analyzed terms were classified into four groups according to their meaning. The key problem encountered was that certain English idiomatic media terms lacked Lithuanian translation equivalents, thus, whenever possible, translation recommendations were given.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas mokymosi aplanko metodo struktūrinio elemento – refleksijos puslapių taikymo efektyvumas mokymosi procese. Refleksijos analizė atlikta panaudojus anketinį tyrimą, kurį sudarė dvi dalys: projekto metodo taikymo grįžtamojo ryšio analizė ir aplanko metodo taikymo analizė. Kaip parodė tyrimo rezultatai, studentams nebuvo lengva rašyti refleksijos puslapius, bet respondentai pažymėjo, jog tai buvo labai naudinga, nes refleksija leido jiems patiems suprasti, kas jiems sunkiausiai sekėsi, kokie išlieka trūkumai, kokie yra jų poreikiai ir kaip jie norėtų projektuoti tolesnę savo veiklą. Atliktas tyrimas leidžia teigti, kad studentų mokymosi pažanga turėtų būti fiksuojama, registruojama ir vienas iš efektyviausių būdų, skatinančių studentus vesti mokymosi rezultatų registrą, yra mokymosi aplanko metodo taikymas studijoms. Respondentų atsakymai rodo, kad naujo metodo, tokio kaip aplanko metodas, naudojimas svetimosios kalbos studijų kontekste skatina studentus registruoti daromą pažangą ir ugdo saviprojekcijos kompetenciją, kas suteikia studentams galimybę pradėti planuoti savo tolesnę veiklą ne tik aukštojoje mokykloje, bet ir darbo rinkoje The article presents the results of students' reflection questionnaire which was the evaluation of portfolio- based learning at Mykolas Romeris University used in the course of Legal English. A reflection page as a structural element of a portfolio was implemented in students' assessment of the covered material their feedback and evaluation of learning achievements as well as the methods applied in Legal English classes. The paper also describes the advantages of writing reflection pages and students' attitude towards this kind of method. The conclusion is drawn that writing reflection pages gives students the opportunity to present their point of view to what they are doing, how they are learning and how they would like to learn. Students find it useful to write comprehensive reflection pages to evaluate their studies. The results of the study show that writing reflection pages in a learning portfolio helps students to register their learning progress and improve their legal English

Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti studentų požiūrį į šiuolaikinių informacinių-komunikacinių technologijų (ICT) panaudojimo aspektą, kad diktantas padeda tobulinti klausymo įgūdžius. [...] Manoma, kad diktantas padeda tobulinti kalbos įgūdžius: klausymą, kalbėjimą, rašymą, gramatiką ir tarimą. Tačiau nėra jokių duomenų apie diktanto svarbą aukštojoje mokykloje. Šiuo straipsniu bandoma atkreipti dėmesį į primirštą kalbos mokymo(-si) formą – diktantą ir ištirti galimą diktanto naudą, nagrinėjant studentų požiūrį į internetinį diktantą ir jų išvadas apie diktanto taikymą per anglų kalbos pratybas universitetinėse studijose. Tyrimo metodui naudotos specialiai parengtos apklausos anketos, skirtos išnagrinėti studentų požiūrius į diktanto svarbą specialybės anglų kalbos klausymo ir rašymo mokymo tobulinimui. Tyrimui pasirinktos Mykolo Romerio universiteto Socialinės politikos fakulteto įvairių mokymo programų (psichologijos, socialinio darbo) studentų grupės. Nustatyta, kad studentai teigiamai vertina internetinį specialybės kalbos klausymą ir mano, kad tokia veikla padeda tobulinti užsienio kalbos klausymo ir rašymo įgūdžius bei skatina problematinių kalbos sričių supratimą. Statistinis rezultatų apdorojimas naudojant SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) paketą patvirtina, kad rezultatai galioja už ištirtos imties ribų. Atliktų tyrimų reikšmingumas yra tai, kad kreipiamas pedagogų dėmesys į diktanto taikymą per anglų kalbos pratybas universitetinėse studijose mokymo(-si) kokybei gerinti. This paper aims at examining students’ attitudes to application of Information and Communication Technology for improving listening skills through online dictation. Dictation has been used in language testing for a long time, but its benefit in language teaching / learning has never been discussed by language teachers. This article is an attempt to put a useful but now undervalued technique back in the language teaching activities. However, there is no data on usefulness of dictation at university level. The research methods include students’ responses to a specially designed questionnaire. The participants in this study are students of two different specializations who study English for Specific Purposes at the Faculty of Social Policy, Mykolas Romeris University, Lithuania. Our study shows that class dictations of authentic materials are beneficial to students at tertiary level as they help improve listening and writing skills and raise awareness of problematic language areas. Statistical processing by means of the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) has proved that the findings are valid beyond the studied sample. The advice for language teachers is to employ the online dictation technique in language classroom in a way that is beneficial to students.

The paper explores the problem of assessment and recognition of non-formal and informal learning in university studies: it presents results of the analysis into European and world universities’ experience in assessing and recognizing adults’ learning that occurs in different learning environments, general principles guiding the assessment and recognition of prior learning, models of assessment as well as results of a survey into adults’ needs of assessment and recognition of prior learning in Lithuania.

As a pedagogical discipline glotoeducology is related to didactics, i. e. teaching theory. Three concepts of didactics are being distinguished: teaching, teaching principles and types of teaching activity. The authors limited themselves in their paper on one of them, namely: teaching principles that determine the usage of teaching regularities in the course of implementation of the objectives of teaching and education. The article also provides analysis of interaction of linguodidactical principles with general didactical principles, the impact thereof to teaching of foreign languages.

The paper presents the main factors influencig the needs for the evaluation and recognition of non-formal and informal learning achievements: learning motivation, the level of learner‘s autonomy and a detailed analysis of individual learner‘s needs. The results of the experiment carried out at Mykolas Romeris university are presented. The efficiency of the pedagogical experiment is analysed and statistcal data analysis is presented. The results of the experiment prove that the participiants of the target group got acquainted with the possibilities to have their non-formal and informal learning achievemets assessed as well as with the main methods of presenting their knowledge for assesment.

The article deals with the problem of analytical reading at a non-linguistic university. The author considers this reading as one of the main forms while working with the text. She does not agree with the interpretation of analytical reading where this method of reading is turned into special analytical exercises. The aim and the main task of this reading is to help students develop their reading skills so that they could cope with any difficulty understanding the text. The article provides a thorough analysis of the methods of analytical reading and presents practical recommendations. In the author’s opinion, this paper could be good for practical purposes.

This paper aims at analyzing learners’ attitudes to weblogs and wikis which are common for communication in the networked world. The present investigation into application of wikis in English classes is compared with our previous research into weblogging. Our findings show that the experience of online writing for the audience provides an important opportunity for improving writing skills. Learners’ attitudes to weblogs and wikis are examined and a possible practical implication is indicated. Article in English

The purpose of this paper is to show by means of selected examples that the evolution of science, in a figurative sense, from the Babylonian confusion of tongues to a universal language is one of the most exciting chapters in the history of mankind.

he paper deals with the comparative analysis of the usage of transport terminology on the Internet using the popular search engine www.google.lt. It analyses the frequency of correct and incorrect usage of lexis, word-building and pronominal forms. The charts show what mistakes are mostly made and that they are mainly term building mistakes. The usage of new loanwords can be justified because most of them are not considered as serious language mistakes. Although, mistakes of another kind can only be explained as the negligence of the authors of the Internet text.

The meaning of life has preoccupied the minds of many throughout the ages. In this article, the authors turn to their respective disciplines (literature and philosophy) and provide an interdisciplinary reflection on this fundamental concern. The claim that is made is that life presents us with a challenge: it can become a ‘sentence’ on us or it can be regarded as ‘a series of sentences’ which contain a message. However, just as in grammar, it is necessary to insert the proper punctuation marks to be able to make sense of the grouping of words in a sentence, so in life it is important to create ‘punctuating moments’ to facilitate the reading of life’s message. The paper makes use of lessons that can be drawn from the study of literature and philosophy in understanding and interpreting the human quest for meaning in life. It also shows how religion can have a positive contribution to this task. Article in English

The paper describes the essential features of a connected text helping to raise learners’ awareness of its structure and organization and improve their skills of reading comprehension. Classroom applications of various approaches to handling texts and text-based activities are also discussed and their main advantages and disadvantages are outlined.Tasks based on text transformation and reconstruction found in the course books of English for students of computing and information technology are analysed and their types are determined. The efficiency of the tasks is determined by considering the experience of the authors gained in using text-based assignments provided in these course books with the students of the above specialities. Some problems encountered in classroom application of the considered text-based tasks are also outlined. Straipsnyje pateikti rišliojo teksto ypatumai, padedantys besimokantiesiems analizuoti perskaityto teksto struktūrą ir prasmę bei tobulinti skaitymo suvokimo įgūdžius. Pateikiami įvairūs tekstų interpretavimo būdai, analizuojami teksto užduočių privalumai ir trūkumai, jų naudojimas per paskaitas. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos tekstų perfrazavimo (transformavimo) užduotys informatikos ir kompiuterijos vadovėliuose ir įvertinamas jų efektyvumas, remiantis šio straipsnio autorių patirtimi, įgyta dirbant su šios specialybės studentais. Taip pat iškeliamos problemos, su kuriomis susiduria autoriai per teksto pratybas.

The paper aims to demonstrate how weblogging can raise learners’ language awareness and prepare them for communication in the networked world. The research included the application of the innovative technique for written and oral communication in English classes. The exploratory study of using a variety of Information Communication Technology activities at tertiary level was conducted. Class experiences of creating weblogs for learning purposes and using them for online activities with the students who learn English for Specific Purposes are described. The methods employed for data gathering consisted of administering specially designed questionnaires, analyzing students’ responses, carrying out weblogging activities, providing feedback to learners, evaluating students’ performance in various online activities, and finally assessing the utility of weblogging. Our results show that the experience of public writing provides an important opportunity for learning English. Despite a limitation of research - the data are received from a comparatively small sample of participants - some practical implications are indicated. Article in English

In this article some peculiarities of scientific texts in German are analyzed. Value of accuracy, clearness, logic sequence in the language of science is emphasized. Vivid inadequacy of Lithuanian and German terms is accentuated. The attention is paid to the students to perceive, to undestand correctly and to apply loanwords. Both in higher educational institutions where training is conducted in Lithuanian and in vocational schools the use of general and special dictionaries are required when interpreting the terms, it is necessary to pay attention to the context. The emphasis is laid on the fact that it is undesirable to use loanwords as terms if a corresponding word in the Lithuanian language exists. The presented paper should be of practical importance for the work with the students.

The paper discusses welding terms in accordance with the Lithuanian standard LST EN 1792 „Welding. The multilingual list of welding terms and similar processes”, „The Russian–Lithuanian dictionary of the terms of mechanical engineering technology and welding“ and the examples from postgraduates‘ final works. It analyses the infringement of lexical, word-building and morphological rules. First-year students should already be familiar with the standardized terms of their speciality. More active propagation of the terms should help to avoid terminology mistakes in various scientific spheres.

Single physical terms, words which became terms, can be found in the papers of our standard language founders J. Bretkūnas, M. Daukša, D. Kleinas, J. Rėza, S. Vaišnoras, B. Vilentas in the 16th–17th cc. K. Sirvydas’ trilingual (Polish-Latin-Lithuanian) dictionary “Dictionarium trium linguarum”, the first edition of which appeared in1620, had a great influence on the development of standard language lexis. However, the terminology of physics began to develop much later. Its evolution can be divided in three stages:1) the middle of the 19th c – the end of the 19th c, when the first articles, published in Keleivis (1849–1880) and Aušra (1883–1886), and the first Lithuanian physics textbook of P. Vileišis “Populiariszkas rankvedis fyzikos” (1899) appeared; 2) the beginning of the 20th c – the middle of the 20th c, when the terminology of this stage was influenced by Ig. Končius’ manuscript of physics textbook for gymnasia, during preparation of which he consulted with K. Būga and J. Jablonskis in 1916–1919, Ig. Končius’ dictionary “Terminai fizikos reikalams”, published in Lithuania (1923–1924), K. Šakenis’ “Fizika” (1920), V. Čepinskis’ “Fizikos paskaitos” (1923–1926); 3) the middle of the 20th c – the beginning of the 21st c, when the majority of physical terms, which are still in use, were fixed. P. Brazdžiūnas’ normative work, which was performed by preparing the textbook for higher schools and colleges “Bendroji fizika” (1960–1965) and preparing and editing with his colleagues FTŽ1, FTŽ2, which became the basis of the newest FTŽ3, had influenced it. FTŽ3 terms are standardized most strongly of all terminographic physical publications. It was influenced by the normative aspect of previous dictionaries of physical terms, which changed at the same time, because the conceptions of different notions and terms changed, there were a lot of fixed terms. Consequently, it can be concluded that present physical terminology is standardized fair enough, it corresponds to possible ideal cases of nomination, when a term names only one concept, and the concept corresponds to one term.

The new information technologies and the on-line teaching are being applied to the process of teaching and learning more and more often since the beginning of the reformation of the education system of Lithuania. The use of these methods helps to increase the efficiency of studies: the less time is needed to fulfill the tasks, thus there is an opportunity to provide with more of them and different, there is a possibility to adjust to the individual specific needs of the learner. The present time is a new stage of Lithuanian as the official language, that is why the new status of language is defined, new programs and projects are prepared and being implemented. In the official documents concerning Lithuanian language it is being stressed that language reflects the culture, attitude of mind, language is concurrent with spiritual part of the culture, language is the guarantee of the identity and survival of the nation – that is why it is necessary to improve the teaching of Lithuanian and to strengthen the self-awareness of language, to apply the modern ways of teaching language in universities and colleges of the Republic. The course is taught in all universities and colleges of Lithuania that is why the on-line course is necessary as one of the modern ways of teaching and learning language. The paper presents the materials of the on-line course, the ways of managing teaching and learning are discussed and the results of experimental teaching in Vilnius College in Higher Education and Vilnius Gediminas Technical University are presented.

The paper considers the problem of independent work while learning a foreign language at the final stage. The following aims of independent work are emphasired in the article: teaching students to use a foreign language in their professional activity, developing students’ abilities and skills to improve their knowledge of a foreign language on their own. Analysing the problem of independent work, the conclusion has been drawn that appropriate methods mainly consisting of complex measures of teaching control should be developed. The structure of the above complex in discussed and the methodical principles of developing the abilities and skills of independent work are presented.

The paper examines one of the syntactic constructions used in French technical texts – the variety of expressions with the negative. Although universally used, it has been found out that the negative is scarce in French technical literature. Nevertheless, there are various means to express the negative both syntactically and grammatically. In the field of terminology, the most common way to express the negative is the prepositional word-formation. Attention is paid to expressions that cause difficulties while reading. It is suggested to bestow attention to the interrelation of the lexical and grammatical categories, the organization of linguistic devices.

The paper analyses the influence of foreign words, namely the English terms, on the Lithuanian information terminology. Though a number of multi-language and explanatory dictionaries on information termino-logy have lately been published, when translating or having a talk professionally we often resort to foreign terms which usually produce a negative effect on the formation of the Lithuanian terminology. Reasons and recommendations have been worked out to prevent expansion of foreign words. Also, cases when foreign words may be acceptable have been pointed out.

The aim of the article is to get acquainted with the types of journals used in education to help students to learn. The paper presents some ways of fostering student’s learning through reflective journaling. It also describes the key aspects of a new method ARRIVE cycle in connection with teachers preparation to use reflective journals in a classroom. The article also presents self-assessment in reflective journaling and students’ need to self-evaluate their learning process. Reflective journaling as central to students’ self-evaluation is described as a means of fostering metacognition.

The publications of this Coactivity issue are dedicated to deal with topical problems in glotodidactics teaching. The articles dedicated to analyze these problems, form the main problem of glotodidactics and linguodidactics as well as the problem of analysis described in these articles. The authors relied on their own pedagogical experience and conclusions of monitoring their own practical work when preparing articles. The articles summarize the gained experience and provide valuable recommendations how to improve practical work. The papers are also dedicated to deal with topical issues of language culture development. The authors present some few foreign language culture innovations and recommendations how to implement them in teaching practice. The articles are topical by subject and provide valuable conceptual attitudes. I hope that the articles will be of interest to the language teaching specialists due to valuable innovations and rational proposals for everyday working practice.