Search

"The population growth that occurred in Argentina, between 1870 and the middle of this century, was due to the massive immigration current, mainly coming from Europe.... Due to recent increases in unemployment indices, poverty and other social problems, some sectors put the neighbouring countries' immigration as the cause of these phenomena, and some xenophobic manifestations started to appear.... This paper [aims] to show the distance between reality and the attitude of those who perceive these recent immigrants as a menace to job opportunities for the native population." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"In this paper, the author deals with migration in America since 1950, focusing on the emigration process from Latin America. For this purpose, the analysis is based upon net migration rates that can be obtained by indirect methods. At the beginning, data are provided by continents, then the analysis focuses on 25 Latin American countries." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"This paper presents the case of Uruguay, seen as an emigration country on the basis of the information contained in the Youth National Survey....The results show that one fourth of the persons in the cohorts defined as young plan to live abroad even though not permanently....[We propose] paying more attention to cultural and social mobility aspects in the analysis of international migration, as well as general prospects of life styles that are offered as possibilities to young people in a country like Uruguay in the frame of the economic and cultural globalisation in which the references are those of the developed countries." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"The objective of this paper is to evaluate the extent to which racial variation in children's economic well-being resides in divergent parental work patterns and/or family living arrangements. This is accomplished using recently-released data from the 1 percent sample of the Public Use Microdata Sample of the 1990 [U.S.] decennial census. The results indicate that racial differences in family structure undermine efforts to eliminate racial inequality among American children. Among blacks, for example, the high proportions of children living in female-headed families account for 60 percent of the difference from white children in poverty rates. Similarly, racial differences in parental work patterns contribute to (but cannot explain completely) racial variation in child poverty. Among black children in married-couple families, poverty rates are roughly twice those of their white counterparts, even though black children are more likely to have both parents working." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"In the absence of government assistance, most mother-only families would be poor and economically insecure.... Government can reduce economic insecurity, but doing so will increase dependence on government....This creates a major dilemma for policy makers: whether to give priority to reducing economic insecurity or whether to give priority to reducing dependence and prevalence. In this paper we address key questions relevant to the dilemma: the extent of insecurity, dependence, and prevalence; the role of government in producing and maintaining all three; and the experience of single mothers and their children in the United States as compared to those in other advanced industrial nations.... Evidence from both international comparisons and American experience during the past 20 years indicates that a further reduction in welfare benefits will increase poverty and insecurity. Furthermore, the beneficial effects on dependence and prevalence are not likely to be great." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"This paper reviews the roles of divorce, nonmarital childbearing, and cohabitation in the changing family contexts of children, and then provides new estimates of current family composition which incorporate cohabitation. The underlying process is viewed in terms of the declining significance of marriage linked to long-term trends in individuation. Half of all children in the U.S. will spend some time in a single-parent family, and nonmarital childbearing is an important factor creating these families. At the same time, increased cohabitation requires that family definitions which are based on marital status in the U.S. be replaced with those that include cohabitation. A sixth of traditionally defined ¿mother-only' families are cohabiting two-parent families, and the one-fourth of current stepfamilies that are cohabiting are missed by marriage-based definitions." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"This paper examines the effects of childhood family structure on patterns of home leaving (route and timing). The analysis uses data from the [U.S.] National Survey of Families and Households.... Family disruption is linked with leaving home via all routes except college attendance.... We interpret the results as indicating the ways the parental home provides the resources needed for a successful launching into adult independence or prompts leaving home either too early, or to new living arrangements likely to make establishing a stable independent adult role set more difficult." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"Our paper investigates the effect of land shortage in the Saguenay region [of Quebec, Canada,] upon the household structures, more precisely on the frequency of a) complex structures, b) celibacy, c) cohabitation with strangers (non-relatives). The data come from 28 parish censuses of the period 1881-1931. For each of these three indicators, findings show that the saturation of arable land did not entail significant changes." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"This paper is devoted to the spatial distribution of Quebec's international immigrants, and to the main territorial stakes related to this type of migration. After analysing international immigration as a flow (distribution of the cohorts of immigrants who entered Quebec during a given period) as well as a stock (distribution of all immigrants surviving in Quebec and their redistribution through internal migration), a critical analysis of the territorial stakes as defined by various agents (active at different levels) is proposed." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

This paper describes intentions in the matters of fertility expressed by 900 first-year students surveyed at the University of Sherbrooke in Canada. The study seeks to ascertain links between certain attitudes, perceptions, or personal situations and the desired number of children. The desired number of children is shown to be strongly influenced by attitudes regarding marriage and by the importance placed on family life. Other variables which also have a significant impact on projected lifetime fertility, albeit to a lesser degree, include: the perception of the role of housewives, the importance granted to the stability of family income, and the number of siblings among members of the surveyed group. However, one surprising result is that the average desired number of children is 2.45. Given the high level of education of the sample, this appears to be quite a high figure.

"The purpose of this paper is to present some aspects of a current research project on the evolution of demographic thought on immigration and integration [in Quebec, Canada], especially since the beginning of the 1960s. The paper is divided into two parts: the first is a brief consideration of the concept of integration in demography; the second presents four propositions which we believe characterize demo-political discourse at the present time. In brief, these four propositions are: 1) immigration today is unique in the history of Quebec; 2) immigration is not a solution to apprehended demographic decline; 3) immigration is linked to Quebec's capacity to receive new immigrants; and 4) the state is the leader in policy matters. In conclusion, regarding the 'inclusion/exclusion' duality, we suggest that demo-political discourse leans more heavily toward exclusion than toward inclusion." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"This study compares the economic well-being of families with and without children and looks into their place in the size distribution of income, in Canada and Quebec from 1971 to 1987. The evidence presented in the paper suggests that having children reduces the chances of affluence and increases the risk of poverty. Viewed from the perspective of the low levels of fertility in Canada and in Quebec, the evidence casts some doubts on the consistency of recent changes, by the two levels of government, in the fiscal and transfer policies concerning families with children." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"The main purpose of this paper is to analyse, on the basis of census data, the evolution of the ethnic structure of the population in five peripheral regions of Quebec. After some methodological considerations and a brief discussion of the settlement structure, the author describes the evolution of ethnic structure over two sub-periods: 1871-1971 and 1971-1986." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"This paper presents the first results of a comprehensive study devoted to the history of the population of the city and the region of Quebec, between 1795 and 1971. Data on origin, place of birth, religion and language have been used in order to analyse the degree of homogeneity of the population. In 1971, the Quebec region [contained] almost exclusively persons from French-Canadian origin, born in the province of Quebec, baptized in the catholic church, and speaking French. This image of [a] highly homogeneous population should however be retouched, particularly with regard to the genetical contribution of British and especially Irish immigrants." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"This article looks at the relationships among immigration, fertility and mortality to explain the changes that have occurred and will continue to occur in the population of the United States. Emphasis centers on the recent past, the present and the first half of the 21st century. It is pointed out that the nation will undergo major changes in its age and ethnic composition in the near future because of the aging of the baby boom generation and the continued high level of immigration from Latin America and Asia.... In the paper's conclusion, alternative policy options are considered." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"This paper discusses methods used to handle missing data in post-enumeration surveys for estimating census coverage error, as illustrated for the 1986 Test of Adjustment Related Operations (Diffendal 1988). The methods include imputation schemes based on hot-deck and logistic regression models as well as weighting adjustments. The sensivity of undercount estimates from the 1986 test to variations in the imputation models is also explored." The test was carried out in Central Los Angeles County, California., (excerpt)

"In order to be able to appraise to what extent policy measures compensate for the cost of rearing a child, one needs an estimate of this cost. In this paper, the author presents a new model which is applied to data obtained from the survey of family expenditures, made in 1982 by Statistics Canada. The first part is devoted to the methodological and theoretical considerations on which the model is based, and the second part analyses the estimates of the cost of a child, according to age and rank of the child, and standard of living of the family." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"This paper starts by putting the present fertility decline experienced by many industrialized countries, in a global prospect of social evolution, and shows to what extent this decline is a new phenomenon. Using a so-called 'infernal' scenario, wherein Canadian fertility continues to fall, the author then emphasizes that society would have at its disposal a remarkably long delay for bending the path leading to extinction, although some forces may also lead to an acceleration of the demographic decline." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"The U.S. Bureau of the Census will use a post-enumeration survey to measure the coverage of the 1990 Decennial Census. The Census Bureau has developed and tested new procedures aimed at increasing the accuracy of the survey. This paper describes the new methods. It discusses the categories of error that occur in a post-enumeration survey and means of evaluation to determine that the results are accurate. The new methods and the evaluation of the methods are discussed in the context of a recent test post-enumeration survey.", (excerpt)

"This paper tries to show how, on the basis of quite acceptable assumptions, it is possible to estimate with existing data on language use in Canada, the perception individuals have of linguistic reality." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA ), (excerpt)

"This paper discusses various projections of health-care expenditures in terms of foreseeable pressures on the health-care system due to the aging of the Canadian population. The conclusion is that the impact of aging on health-care costs will not necessarily be a major problem. Projected cost increases have to be related to the evolution of the nation's productive capacity. The article also examines some implications in terms of health-care planning." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"This paper presents a statistical analysis of surnames, revealing a striking similarity between the Saguenay and Charlevoix regions in the province of Quebec, since the 19th century. Indeed, a migration study also shows that the former region was created in the 1840's by immigrants coming mostly from the latter. An analysis by decade also shows that the Saguenay population structure has remained relatively stable since the middle of the 19th century. It is suggested that this kind of surnames analysis may be a useful indicator not only of the dynamics of a population, but also of the evolution of the whole gene pool. It seems however to reflect very poorly the movement or diffusion of any deleterious gene in particular." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"Between 1976 and 1981 many pople moved out of Quebec, especially anglophones. To the extent that a person's decision to stay or to move may be related to earnings prospects, earnings comparisons with individuals who lived in Quebec in 1981 may suffer from a selection bias. This paper analyses emigration from Quebec and earnings with a two-equation model, using a sample of men drawn from the from the 1981 [Canadian] census. It is found that a selection bias is indeed present for anglophones and that the returns to learning French may be underestimated when that bias is ignored.", (excerpt)

"This paper describes the methods used by Statistics Canada to measure coverage errors in the Canadian Census." Consideration is given to data collection and analysis and to estimation techniques. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"Discussions on the present demographic situation of Quebec and the industrialized countries are mainly centered around a few major themes, almost always the same. This paper suggests that some other aspects, often neglected, should also be taken into account, and concludes that--in order to be realistic--a possible population policy for Quebec should not be defined in terms of numbers to be reached, but rather in relation with the conditions wherein the population lives and reproduces itself." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"Analysing demographic characteristics over a given period may be useful in explaining the spatial distribution of ethnic groups in an urban environment. This paper first presents the main aspects of the demographic evolution of Quebec's Haitian population during the 1971-1981 period. It then analyses the evolution of the spatial distribution of this population in the Montreal region. It finally tries to show the interrelations between both evolutions." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"In this paper, we propose a model for investigating the effect of matching error on the estimators of census undercount and illustrate its use for the 1990 [U.S.] census undercount evaluation program. The mean square error [MSE] of the dual system estimator is derived under the proposed model and the components of MSE arising from matching error are defined and explained. Under the assumed model, the effect of matching error on the MSE of the estimator of census undercount is investigated. Finally, a methodology for employing the model for the optimal design of matching error evaluation studies will be illustrated and the form of the estimators will be given.", (excerpt)

"Various studies have shown the role of Haitian immigration in satisfying the need for manpower in Quebec. Very few, however, analyse the process which leads immigrants to this role. This paper shows that sex and class in the country of origin strongly determine the socio-professional trajectory of Haitian immigrants in Quebec. These two factors define indeed a specific process of skill acquisition, and, therefore, a more or less strong bargaining power on the labor market." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"The goal of this paper is to review those explanatory models that dominate social demography in Quebec. The classical organization of demography, which calls upon the three components of demographic reproduction--fertility, migration and mortality--is followed. The concluding part of the paper deals with the concept of 'demographic regime', which aims to bring the three components together into an overall theory of demographic reproduction. The paper shows that if the functionalist and empirical tradition (mostly American) has dominated the field of demography for a very long time, feminist and materialistic approaches have recently appeared for the interpretation of demographic realities." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"Who moves among the elderly? With whom do the elderly move? With whom will they stay once they have migrated? These are the main questions discussed in this paper. On the basis of a sample of individual data obtained from the censuses of Italy and the United States, data which were analysed by taking the household--and not, as is traditionally done, the individual--as the observation unit, the author concludes that there are some significant differences between the two countries as far as migration behavior of the elderly is concerned, even if there are also many similarities." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"The number of women head of the household has more than doubled in Canada between 1971 and 1981. This paper investigates to what extent this increase may be imputed to changes in household structure (for instance, the rise in the number of lone-parent families) and to what extent it may be due to the introduction, in 1981, of a new concept to identify the person who is 'head' of the household.... The existence of wide interprovincial disparities leads to the hypothesis that the change of concept may have had a different impact according to the characteristics of the household, and of the spouses." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

Characteristics of family and household structure are examined in this paper to shed light on an important aspect of the life conditions of older persons in countries at different levels of development. Using various measures, both direct and indirect, the analysis showed the existence of a nuclear household as a predominant family form. Extended household families are more common in Asian countries, especially India, than in other regions for which data are available. While available cross-national data do not enable us to assess the extent to which older persons reside in households with their children, headship rates indicate that the majority of male older persons continue to maintain their position as heads of households in later life and that female headship increases with age. This is confirmed by analysis of data on marital status, which show higher proportions of males currently married than for females and sharply higher widowhood levels for females. Marriage at older ages seems to be relatively low. A general trend within most developed countries is toward increasing independent living, especially for females, and a sharp decline in both males and females living in a household with relatives.

"The purpose of this paper is to analyse simultaneously, according to what is known as the multiregional approach, the interactions between fertility, migration and mortality, for each of the main linguistic groups of Quebec [Canada]. Results show that, on the basis of the demographic regime observed between 1976 and 1981, while migration probably has reduced regional disparities in fertility and mortality behavior, it also has markedly amplified the demographic impact of linguistic disparities in this behavior." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent the major socio-political events to the last sixty years (the crisis of the 1930's, the second world war, etc.) have influenced the behavior of Canadians towards (first) marriage. The results of period as well as cohort analysis lead to the conclusion that, while these events did not significantly affect the ultimate (at age 50) frequency of first marriages among generations, they however had a marked impact on the timing of marriage, and therefore on the period measures." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"This paper briefly presents the results of surveys made in 1983 and 1984 within the Greek and Portuguese communities of Montreal [Canada], in order to investigate the reaction of these two groups with respect to policy measures directing their children towards the French school system. Results show that, among Greeks, legislation did not markedly affect the privileged place of English, while among Portuguese, who previously were already much more French-oriented, the main impact of these policy measures seems to have been a decline in the knowledge of English among the young." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

The author compares the 1986 population figures obtained through the Canadian census to figures from Quebec's health insurance file. The difference between the two "is very close to the one implied by the estimated rate of undercounting. This paper explains the functioning of the file and how it may be used for demographic purposes, and provides some results by age and sex as well as by region." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)

"Quebec's fertility is the lowest in Canada, and it is most likely that its population is heading for a decline. In this paper, the authors try to make explicit some of the scenarios which could prevent this decline. They first briefly present the current trends and specify the assumptions used in the simulation. Then, they analyse the results by investigating the onset of the decline and the maximum size of the population. And finally, they present some of the replacement scenarios which may prevent the decline." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA), (excerpt)