58 results
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2. La gestion des risques financiers de l'entreprise et l'organisation du post-marché.
- Author
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Albouy, Michel, Dupuy, Philippe, and Gumb, Bernard
- Abstract
Copyright of Revue du Financier is the property of Societe Cybel and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
3. Plastica antropomorfă de lut din așezarea gumelniţeană de la Iepurești (jud. Giurgiu)
- Author
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Ana Ilie and Raluca Kogălniceanu
- Subjects
figurines ,clay ,settlement ,eneolithic ,gumelnița a1 ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
Annual excavation campaigns took place between 2007 and 2013 at Iepurești archaeological site, where a surface of 85 sqm was opened at the northern periphery of the settlement. A Bronze Age (Glina culture) habitation layer and pits and Eneolithic (Gumelnița culture) habitation layers, houses and pits were identified. A number of 14 artefacts, representing the entire batch of Gumelnița anthropomorphic figurines discovered so far, is analyzed in this paper. Although this batch is not numerous and it is very fragmented, the observations on the manufacturing method, morphology, decorative techniques, and motifs are all remarkably interesting and complete an image, also fragmented (due to the reduced number of excavations in Gumelnița A1 levels), of a less known type of clay objects as those from the Iepurești settlement. The artefacts will be presented in the context of similar discoveries made in habitation layers attributed to the initial stage of the Gumelnița culture, but also in a larger cultural context, of the influences perceived as coming from neighbouring cultural environments.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Quelle prospective pour les populations, le peuplement et les territoires en France métropolitaine à l’horizon 2050 ?
- Author
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Gérard-François Dumont
- Subjects
Population ,Settlement ,Territories ,France ,Foresight ,Land use planning ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
Showing interest in the topics of populations, settlement and territories in France also means thinking about the future. The use of six variables, each of which is likely to evolve according to the main trends - i.e., what will happen to dynamics currently observed - or to undergo ruptures - i.e., changes in trajectory - can lead to the development of dozens of scenarios. The aim of this paper is to present three scenarios, the interest of which is both to better understand the current dynamics and to reflect on possible evolutions.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Land, power and conflict in Afghanistan: seeking to understand complexity
- Author
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Adam Pain
- Subjects
settlement ,Conflict ,power ,water ,land ,village behaviour ,History of Africa ,DT1-3415 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper explores the diverse links between land and power under conditions of conflict in Afghanistan, taking into account the complexities of Afghan society. These complexities are structured around interconnecting informal institutions and personalised relationships, culturally specific, diverse and shifting patterns of social relations, and spatially specific patterns of land ownership inequalities. The paper draws on a decade of empirical fieldwork in Afghanistan and recent work on livelihood trajectories and the opium economy. An understanding of the evolution of land ownership and access issues needs to be associated with an appreciation of diverse and potentially contradictory long-term drivers of change in the rural economy. The first of these long-term drivers of change relates to the effects of conflict, not only on land but also of water access under conditions of an increasingly scarce water supply. The second driver relates both to the roles played by village elites and to the structural contrasts between villages located in the mountains and in the plains, with the latter displaying major inequalities in land ownership. The third driver relates to the declining economic role of land in rural livelihoods, given long-term agrarian change and falling farm sizes. An understanding of history is fundamental to explaining these phenomena. How such conflicts play out, and which social groups or individuals they involve, also depend to a large degree on spatial positioning.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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6. Early evidence of the military roman conquest. The Atlantic coast of the ulterior province
- Author
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João Pimenta
- Subjects
Atlantic cost ,settlement ,conquest ,army ,provisioning ,amphorae ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The Roman conquest of Hispania, although well-known through written sources, still requires many clarifications at the archaeological level. Apparently, no trade contacts were made with the western Atlantic territories during the early stages of the Italic presence in the Iberian Peninsula. In this paper, we try to accomplish a transversal reading of the main data available on the older contexts that confirm the presence of the Roman Republic in this territory. Decimus Iunius Brutus undoubtedly played a decisive role as governor of Ulterior between 138 and 133 BCE, revitalising the Romanization of western Iberia. Archaeological data from the area of Lisbon and the Lower Tagus peninsula, as well as elements from the Mondego valley, seem to support this interpretation.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The archaeological site of Selib 2 in the Dongola Reach: remarks on the 2019 season
- Author
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Roksana Hajduga, Agata Momot, and Roman Łopaciuk
- Subjects
Sudan ,Nubia ,Meroe ,Kush ,settlement ,ovens ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The paper discusses recent fieldwork at the Meroitic settlement site of Selib 2, a town located on the west bank of the Nile between the Third and Fourth Cataracts, investigated by the Banganarti/Selib Polish Archaeological Mission since 2010. The fieldwork was concentrated on uncovering the earliest occupation strata from the 1st/2nd century CE. Two mud-brick buildings were fully excavated, along with contemporaneous occupational horizons, yielding, among others, unique bell-shaped decorated vessels, a copper plate, and a female clay figurine. Storage jars used as ovens and cooking places were present in all phases and can be considered as a characteristic furnishing of the explored households. Moreover, an archaeological reconnaissance extended the boundaries of the settlement eastward, providing new data for studies of the settlement plan and its various stages of development.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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8. Assimilation, Security and Geographical Nationalization in Interwar Turkey: The Settlement Law of 1934
- Author
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Erol Ülker
- Subjects
settlement ,nationalism ,security ,interwar Turkey ,Turkification ,demography ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper discusses the relationship between the geographical dimension of the Turkish government’s population homogenizing measures and security policies in the Settlement Law of 1934. Investigating the division of the country into three zones of settlement by the law in question, the paper demonstrates that security concerns became one of the key factors in the governmental policy, which aimed at changing the demographic structure of certain strategic areas in favor of the Muslim-Turkish population.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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9. Two houses from the Third Intermediate Period settlement at Tell el-Retaba: a case study of activity-area analysis
- Author
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Łukasz Jarmużek, Agnieszka Ryś, Anna Wodzińska, and Sławomir Rzepka
- Subjects
Tell el-Retaba ,Third Intermediate Period ,settlement ,household ,activity-area analysis ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
In 2019, the Polish–Slovak Archaeological Mission in Tell el-Retaba continued the excavation of a Third Intermediate Period settlement in Area 9. The paper presents two houses, {1095} and {3111}, in detail. Activity-area analysis is employed to determine the main occupations of the inhabitants in successive phases. The analysis is based on the archaeological assemblage recorded from these features, including small finds, pottery, and installationse.
- Published
- 2020
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10. New materials of the Iron Age in the Middle Dniester left-bank region
- Author
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Sergey Fidelskiy
- Subjects
the middle dniester region ,iron age ,getae culture ,5th-3rd centuries bc ,settlement ,burial ground ,Auxiliary sciences of history ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The paper for the first time publishes the Iron Age materials discovered as a result of archaeological research near the Raşcov village in the Middle Dniester left-bank region. A small site with a total area of 66 m² was investigated during the fieldwork. Constructions and artifacts, including fragments of hand-shaped pottery were found during the excavations. Among the discovered objects there are the remains of two archaeological structures. One of them, most likely was a dwelling structure, and the other was a household pit. The finds represent a fragment of an anthropomorphic figurine, two spindle whorls, and a well-preserved iron knife with a deer antler handle. Other finds are an assemblage of hand-shaped pottery, which includes fragments of pots, bowls, and cups. An urn found in situ together with human bones should be singled out among the hand-made pottery as the most significant find. Thus, the analysis of the material collected during the excavations showed that a new settlement of the Iron Age and a burial ground adjacent to it (?) were discovered in the surroundings of the village of Raşcov. The pottery assemblage from the site indicates its belonging to the Getae culture and, together with the discovered funerary urn, dates back to the 5th-3rd centuries BC.
- Published
- 2020
11. Le case storiche dell’Appennino piacentino: un patrimonio culturale a rischio
- Author
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Giuseppe Gambazza
- Subjects
settlement ,rural houses ,appennino piacentino ,abandonment. ,Human ecology. Anthropogeography ,GF1-900 ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
Referring to the Geography of rural areas, this paper analyzes the main features of the traditional settlements in the Apennines. It provides a synthetic and exhaustive picture of a partially abandoned realm, whose traces, however, reflect in the contemporary world influencing its social and economic fabric. Specifically, the study aims at highlighting the structural and functional characteristics of the historical houses of the Appennino Piacentino, located beyond the limits of the Roman centuriation. The current deterioration and abandonment of the area should question experts, politicians and citizens in order to implement an effective local development plan for the regeneration of the whole territorial system.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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12. Nouvelle hypothèse de restitution des bâtiments de plan dit circulaire à La Tène finale. Réflexions à partir des temples A et C de Manching (Allemagne)
- Author
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Rémy Wassong
- Subjects
architecture ,iron Age ,settlement ,planning ,geometry ,Manching ,Social Sciences - Abstract
This paper raises the issue of the interpretation of circular buildings in continental Celtic Europe. Those buildings are quite rare and are usually associated with some specific functions which can’t be clearly determined. In the case of the temples of Manching, the artifacts discovered are plainly displaying a ritual role of the construction. The architectural form of the temples is, thereby, associated with the religious nature of the edifice. New elements based on a geometric analysis of the buildings plans offer a new point of view on the circular-based plans of some buildings. This analysis allows us to suggest a new hypothesis concerning the restitution of the form of those buildings in the form a square or rectangular building with offset walls instead of a circular building.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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13. Commerce and Settlement: Rethinking Early New England History
- Author
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Agnès Delahaye
- Subjects
Settlement ,settler colonialism ,colonial governance ,commerce ,colonization ,New England ,History (General) and history of Europe - Abstract
This paper addresses the long and structuring impact of the Puritan paradigm on early New England history and historiography. It highlights the tendency of the religious model to obscure or marginalize the entrepreneurial and commercial impulse inherent in the colonizing project of the Massachusetts Bay Company. It argues that settlement, or the action of appropriating and transforming indigenous land for the benefit of the corporation, provides a salutary, contextual perspective on the role of commerce and expansion in shaping New England societies at their founding. The original documents and the promotion of the corporation show that John Winthrop and his colonial government embraced the economic implications of land appropriation and commercial development, managing labor and trade with a view toward colonial and financial success on an Atlantic scale. Their expansionist policies and their concern for the protection and preservation of the property and the privileges of the entire corporate body transformed the Company into a proto-state defined by and attached to its sovereignty.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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14. Aşezarea din perioada timpurie a epocii fierului de la Niculiţel–Cornet, jud. Tulcea. Cercetările arheologice din anul 2000
- Author
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Sorin-Cristian AILINCĂI, Florin TOPOLEANU, Florian MIHAIL, Mihai CONSTANTINESCU, Simina STANC, and Oliver LIVANOV
- Subjects
archaeology ,romania ,dobrogea ,lower danube ,black sea ,babadag ,niculițel ,early iron age ,settlement burials ,burials ,settlement ,pottery ,stone tools ,zooarchaeology ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The paper presents the Early Iron Age discoveries resulted in the archaeological excavations carried out in the year 2000 at the Niculiţel–Cornet site. During this campaign, 126 archaeological complexes were researched (most of them being deposit pits) and a considerably large quantity of pottery, clay objects, a bronze bracelet, animal and stone hard materials were discovered, which are here analyzed. Lacking the proper objects that could give us a more precise chronology, the settlement from Niculiţel–Cornet can be largely dated between the 10th-9th c. BC. Until now we have only one carbon dating extracted from the Cas-7 complex, which indicates a dating of 2730± 35 BP.
- Published
- 2017
15. Late prehistoric sites from the Sabaloka province north of Khartoum on the Eastern bank of the Nile, Sudan
- Author
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Ahmed Hamid Nassr
- Subjects
settlement ,tumuli ,Neolithic ,late prehistory ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 ,History of the arts ,NX440-632 - Abstract
Evidence from several sites suggests that the late prehistoric communities in Sudan developed over transitional times and regional diversities. Central and Northern Sudan have yielded an important record of late prehistoric settlements with several Mesolithic and Neolithic sites. New data from current projects such as the Sabaloka Dam Archaeological Project (SDASP, El Salha project) are progressively updating the archaeological map of Sudan and bringing fresh information about the complex transitions having occurred during the late prehistoric periods. Although many topics have been discussed, some issues remain untouched and geographical gaps are still uninvestigated. This paper reports about the survey and excavation conducted in the Sabaloka area, North of Khartoum, since 2013-2015. It is also a first attempt to discuss the importance of the area in the field of Sudanese prehistory and to explore the range of regional diversities through comparative studies.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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16. MIGRANTES DA TERRA: a migração em áreas de reforma agrária no Maranhão
- Author
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José Jonas Borges da Silva
- Subjects
migration ,land issues ,settlement ,Political science ,Political institutions and public administration (General) ,JF20-2112 - Abstract
This paper analyzes the migration process in agrarian reform areas in the Amazon state of Maranhão, one of the poorest regions of Brazil. Specifically analyzes the Alto Bonito community (Cigra settlement) a community resulting from the struggle for agrarian reform in the state of Maranhão. Discusses the migration process in Brazil's historical formation, with reference to the migration carried out by workers of the field, here called migrant land, highlighting the phenomenon as a consequence of the capital improvement process in the field, linked to the fragility of public policies for the field. Also discusses the role of social movements and their relation with the migration process, with reference to the peasant struggles carried out from the 1950s, marking the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST), while peasant political organization of the community searched.
- Published
- 2016
17. Quelle place pour le pic en silex au Néolithique ?
- Author
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Brunet, Véronique, Borgnon, Christophe, Samzun, Anaick, Boitard-Bidaut, Ève, Cayol, Nicolas, Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)
- Subjects
Settlement ,Burial ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,pic ,habitat ,Extraction ,Mine ,sépulture ,Pickaxe ,silex ,Flint ,Neolithic ,minière ,néolithique - Abstract
International audience; The recent discovery of several Neolithic flint pickaxes is related in this paper that presents a first inventory (bibliography and various studies) of this type of object. Pickaxes are often briefly mentioned in published material, but are only very rarely drawn. Also their context is difficult to date. This paper presents pickaxes from different areas in the Paris basin. Discoveries are concentrated in two sectors: the Seine valley and the Marne and Morin valley.; Des découvertes récentes de pics en silex du Néolithique ont conduit à s'interroger sur cet outil énigmatique. Un premier travail de recensement (bibliographie et études de collections) a donc été entamé. De nombreux pics sont mentionnés de façon succincte dans les publications avec de rares figures. Cependant, il manque souvent une attribution chronologique fiable. Cet article présente des pics provenant de contextes divers dans l'ensemble du Bassin parisien. Deux secteurs concentrent plus particulièrement l'essentiel des pièces recensées : la vallée de la Seine et celles de la Marne et du Morin.
- Published
- 2011
18. Corruption, revolution and settlement: An Egyptian story for resolving investment disputes
- Author
-
ياسين الشاذلي
- Subjects
arbitration ,investment ,settlement ,corruption ,Law ,Islamic law ,KBP1-4860 - Abstract
In 2011, a series of decisions were rendered by the High Administrative Court at the Egyptian State Council in which the court considered void the privatization of a few public companies which had been transferred to foreign investors due to the invalidity of the procedures of tendering and bidding and the corrupt practices accompanying these transactions. The court also considered null the arbitration clauses inserted in these contracts. During this period, the climate of the Egyptian revolution of 25 January 2011 pushed public opinion to welcome these decisions as a sign of popular victory against the old corrupt regime. Yet, this trend made the foreign investors anxious about the legal security and the stability of their investments. Accordingly, the subsequent Egyptian government introduced a variety of legislative measures to assure the investors and to boost economic growth. These measures included the possibility of conciliation in financial crimes or crimes affecting the public fund and also forbidding third parties from challenging any public investment contract before the national courts. In 2015, new amendments were introduced to the investment law establishing a new ministerial committee to settle investment disputes. From all the above, it is clear that the legislative and executive authorities were keen to secure smooth procedures to settle investment disputes outside the umbrella of arbitration. In this paper, we try to evaluate the different measures introduced in the Egyptian law and analyze its relation with arbitration whether as a complementary or competing process.
- Published
- 2017
19. Corruption, revolution and settlement: An Egyptian story for resolving investment disputes
- Author
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Yassin El Shazly
- Subjects
arbitration ,investment ,settlement ,corruption ,Law ,Islamic law ,KBP1-4860 - Abstract
In 2011, a series of decisions were rendered by the High Administrative Court at the Egyptian State Council in which the court considered void the privatization of a few public companies which had been transferred to foreign investors due to the invalidity of the procedures of tendering and bidding and the corrupt practices accompanying these transactions. The court also considered null the arbitration clauses inserted in these contracts. During this period, the climate of the Egyptian revolution of 25 January 2011 pushed public opinion to welcome these decisions as a sign of popular victory against the old corrupt regime. Yet, this trend made the foreign investors anxious about the legal security and the stability of their investments. Accordingly, the subsequent Egyptian government introduced a variety of legislative measures to assure the investors and to boost economic growth. These measures included the possibility of conciliation in financial crimes or crimes affecting the public fund and also forbidding third parties from challenging any public investment contract before the national courts. In 2015, new amendments were introduced to the investment law establishing a new ministerial committee to settle investment disputes. From all the above, it is clear that the legislative and executive authorities were keen to secure smooth procedures to settle investment disputes outside the umbrella of arbitration. In this paper, we try to evaluate the different measures introduced in the Egyptian law and analyze its relation with arbitration whether as a complementary or competing process.
- Published
- 2017
20. Жилые сооружения чернолесской культуры Днестровско-Днепровского лесостепного междуречья (анализ, типология, сравнительная характеристика) / Dwellings of the Chernoles culture in the forest-steppe between the Dniester and Dnieper Rivers (analysis, typology and comparative analysis)
- Author
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Sergey Fidelsky
- Subjects
Chernoles culture ,settlement ,swellings ,Auxiliary sciences of history ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The paper attempts to make a detailed analysis of residential structures of the population relating to the Chernoles culture in the forest-steppe between the Dniester and Dnieper Rivers. Vestiges of dwellings were found on 23 unfortified settlements. All the sites, except the Early Chernoles settlements of Bol'shaya Andrusovka I, Bol'shaya Snytonka IV and Mikhalkiv I, as well as the lower layer of the Subbotovo settlement, were associated with the late stage of the Chernoles culture. In all on the sites of the Early Chernoles culture there were found 17 semi-dugouts and one dugout. On settlements of the late stage 70 surface dwellings, 10 semi-dugouts and 11 dugouts were identified. In general, the analysis provided an opportunity to compare dwellings referring to the early and the late periods of the Chernoles culture based on such data as the location of dwellings, their shapes, sizes, designs and interior condition. The main result is an identification of common and distinctive features in the construction of houses of the Chernoles culture bearers. The comparative analysis of dwellings made it possible to trace the major stages in the development of homebuilding at the Chernoles population and revealed similarities and differences between dwellings belonging to the early and the late periods of the Chernoles culture. On the other hand a weak source base (no publications) leaves unresolved a number of topical issues. Nevertheless, the importance of research lies in the fact that the dwellings as an important category of archaeological sources allow to study various aspects of life of the Chernoles population.
- Published
- 2014
21. Carbon Footprint from Settlement Activities: A Literature Review
- Author
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Purwanto Agus, Syafrudin Syafrudin, and Sunarsih Sunarsih
- Subjects
carbon footprint ,settlement ,household activity ,electricity ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
One of the causes of increasing greenhouse gases is the increase in CO2 emissions produced from both the industrial sector, transportation sector, and settlement sector. The settlement sector also contributes to CO2 emissions based on household activities. Research on carbon footprint from settlement activities is currently focusing on carbon footprints from household energy use both electricity and heat energy for cooking and have not taken into account the activities of vehicle fuel use, domestic waste, and water consumption. This paper aims to conduct a literature study on matters relating to the method of estimating the carbon footprint of settlement activities and influencing variables. The results of this study are a framework for estimating the more comprehensive carbon footprint of housing activities by adding private vehicle fuel consumption, waste generation, and water consumption in addition to the use of fuel for cooking and electricity use.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. L’habitat néolithique en Bretagne : un bilan des recherches, 1999-2018
- Author
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Jean-Yves Tinévez
- Subjects
plan de bâtiment ,datation ,General Engineering ,Néolithique ,habitat ,Bretagne ,settlement ,building plan ,material ,Brittany ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,matériel ,Neolithic ,dating ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
À la demande du ministère de la Culture, le Service régional de l’archéologie de Bretagne a entrepris une synthèse sur le bilan des recherches archéologiques depuis une vingtaine d’années. Le présent article concerne les progrès des connaissances régionales sur les formes de l’habitat néolithique, domaine resté longtemps lacunaire dans la région. Depuis les années 1990, les données se sont peu à peu étoffées grâce au développement des techniques d’investigation et à la multiplication des recherches, en archéologie préventive notamment. Au Néolithique ancien, la répartition des sites étudiés indique une néolithisation rapide de l’ensemble de la région. Les quelques plans de bâtiments connus montrent une persistance des traditions danubiennes et le matériel abondant associé traduit des relations avec les régions voisines, mais également une adaptation aux conditions locales d’approvisionnement. Pour le Néolithique moyen, les progrès ont été particulièrement spectaculaires avec l’étude de plusieurs plans de bâtiments sur poteaux, de forme quadrangulaire, orientés principalement est-ouest, mais également avec des structures en terre crue associées à un vaste ensemble d’aménagements en zone marécageuse sur le site de Lillemer, particulièrement original dans l’ouest de la France. Les résultats sont plus disparates pour les dernières phases du Néolithique, avec des bâtiments sur poteaux de taille moyenne ou modeste contrastant avec la monumentalité des édifices du site de Pléchâtel. Depuis 2010, la fin du IIIe millénaire est richement documentée par un nouveau type de bâtiments inconnus auparavant, de plans piriformes originaux, aux caractéristiques homogènes et datées du Campaniforme par le matériel et le radiocarbone. On a proposal of the Ministère de la Culture the Service régional de l’archéologie undertook an overview of twenty years of archaeological research in Brittany. This paper focuses on the progress made on research on Neolithic settlements, which were almost unknown until the 1980’s. Since the 1990’s research has progressed due to improved excavation techniques, the increase in the number of excavations and the rise in Preventive archaeology. Site distribution of Early Neolithic settlements underlines the rapid spread of Neolithic culture over the whole region. The few known building plans show a persistence of Danubian traditions and the abundant associated material reflects relations with neighbouring regions but also an adaptation to local supply. For the Middle Neolithic, the progress has been particularly spectacular, with the study of several quadrangular posthole buildings, mostly oriented east-west, but also earthen structures linked to important wooden remains in a marsh on the spectacular Lillemer site. The results are more patchy for the Late Neolithic with small or medium sized buildings on posts, in marked opposition to the huge dimensions of the Pléchâtel site buildings. Since 2010, the end of the Third Millenium is well documented by a new type of pear-shaped plan building with homogenous characteristics and dating to the Beaker culture by the archaeological material and radiocarbon dating.
- Published
- 2022
23. Qu’elle était verte ma vallée
- Author
-
Hervé Nicolle
- Subjects
settlement ,Afghanistan ,Kuchi ,nomadic people ,urban development ,minorities ,History of Africa ,DT1-3415 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper presents the key findings of a study conducted in the Deh Sabz district in 2011. As an ambitious urban development programme has started being implemented in Deh Sabz (“green valley” in Dari), the way of life of nomadic people transiting through the district has been significantly impacted. The drastic political changes over the past forty years, predatory attitudes of local leaders, recurrent natural disasters, or the inexorable of reduction of pasture land, have further accelerated a phenomenon of voluntary or forced settlement – along with an increased socio-economic marginalisation. Such a progressive loss of identity of nomadic Kuchi raises an important political question at a time when Afghanistan has to deal with both the uncertainty of the on going political “transition” and a worsening security context.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Insularité et dépeuplement : le cas de l’île de Flores aux Açores (Portugal)
- Author
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Louis Marrou
- Subjects
low density population ,settlement ,Azores ,depopulation ,migration ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The island of Flores in the Azores archipelago has been inhabited for over 500 years. However, for more than 50 years now, this Portuguese territory has experienced continuous depopulation. It has lost more than half of its population, and its density is now less than 30 inhabitants/km.2 This paper attempts to spatialize these phenomena and understand the depopulation factors at play. (These include mobility, isolation, and spatial competition.) This has become extremely urgent because regional, national and European bonds that have contributed to the sustainability of the territory are now under threat.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Étudier les dynamiques de peuplement entre l'Èbre moyen et les Pyrénées occidentales durant l’Antiquité tardive (III – VIIe siècle) avec les SIG. Première approche
- Author
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Leticia Tobalina Pulido
- Subjects
Analyses spatiales: Antiquité tardive ,Pyrénées ,Archeology ,History ,Settlement ,Spatial analyses ,Antiquité tardive [Analyses spatiales] ,Pyrenees ,spatial analyses ,dynamiques spatio-temporelles ,spatio-temporal dynamics ,Peuplement ,analyses spatiales ,Late Antiquity ,Antiquité tardive ,Spatio-temporal dynamics ,Dynamiques spatio-temporelles - Abstract
[FR] Cet article propose une analyse du peuplement rural tardoantique (IIIe-VIIe siècles) dans l’espace situé entre l’Èbre et la chaîne des Pyrénées, une aire d’étude qui n’a pas bénéficié jusqu’à présent de synthèse archéologique sur le peuplement à cette période. En traitant les données avec un SIG, l’article vise à cerner les dynamiques spatiales et temporelles du peuplement rural durant l’Antiquité tardive. Le corpus d’étude est composé de données obtenues grâce aux rapports de fouille, d’archéologie préventive et programmée, et aux prospections, afin d’établir une première approche du peuplement en prenant en considération tous les renseignements disponibles. Nous allons corréler différentes variables spatiales et temporelles : l’intensité du travail archéologique, le potentiel agricole, l’espacement entre les sites, l’altitude, la distance par rapport aux voies de communication (fluviales et viaires), l’évolution de la représentation de sites dans le système de peuplement. La dynamique des sites est aussi étudiée en prenant en compte leur fonction (villae, fermes, nécropoles, etc.). Les résultats de ces études statistiques fournissent une première approche des dynamiques de la zone étudiée. Ainsi, on constate un tournant qui s’opère au Ve siècle : nous observons un changement significatif dans la dynamique du peuplement ainsi qu’une réduction drastique des sites ruraux actifs. Cela permet de bien distinguer deux modèles de peuplement : Le premier, un modèle compris entre le IIIe siècle et la première moitié du Ve siècle et, le second, pour la période comprise entre la fin du Ve siècle et le VIIe siècle., [EN] The aim of this paper is to carry out an analysis of the Late Antique rural settlement (3rd-7th centuries) in the space between the Ebro and the Pyrenees, a study area that has not yet had the benefit of an archaeological synthesis of settlement in this Late Antique period. By processing the data with GIS, the spatial and temporal dynamics of rural settlement for the period in question will be determined. The study corpus is composed of data derived from excavation reports, preventive and programmed archaeology, and surveys, in order to provide a first approximation of the settlement, taking into account all available information. Several spatial and temporal variables are related : the intensity of archaeological works, agricultural potential, distances between sites, altitude, distance from transport routes (river and road), evolution of the sites’ representation in the settlement system, etc. The dynamics of the sites are also studied considering their function (like villas, courtyards, necropolises). The results of these statistical analyses provide a first approach to the dynamics of the studied area. Thus, a turning point can be detected in the 5th century. We observe a significant change in the settlement dynamics as well as a drastic decrease in active rural sites. Thus, two settlement patterns can be distinguished : one between the 3rd and the first half of the 5th century and another for the period between the end of the 5th and the 7th century.
- Published
- 2022
26. The Bensberg Mediation Model
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Raluca - Marilena Mihalcioiu
- Subjects
mediation ,conflict ,reconciliation ,settlement ,Political science (General) ,JA1-92 - Abstract
The basis of the conflict through the mediation represents the objectives and procedures ofmediation, mediation of a conflict. The conflict will not be disclosed to others, but the parties will be creditedthe authority to resolve the conflict, the conflict among themselves with the help of a mediator. The disputeshould be resolved by the parties with help of a third party. The parties in conflict (it may be several persons)are jointly responsible for the solution. They seek together a way that leads to long-term settlement of theconflict. The assumption of responsibility in this process strengthens the confidence and the importance oftheir decision. Important is that losers usually have no peace, because they are out for revenge. Winners don’tneed peace. If both parties lose, remains disappointing, with the understanding of which the conflict isresolved, will understand each other better developed. Reconciliation is therefore a longer-term goal.Conflicts also help to clarify roles. The paper presents Bensberg Model of Mediation, because this isdeveloped as a win win solution and his possible implementation in Romanian schools.
- Published
- 2011
27. Mobile sedentism? The Marakwet settlements of the Elgeyo Escarpment, north-western Kenya
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David K. Kay
- Subjects
landscape ,Kenya ,Marakwet ,settlement ,sedentism ,mobility ,History of Africa ,DT1-3415 - Abstract
Whilst mobility has long been a key theme within African archaeology, its study has usually focussed on cases of far-ranging nomadism, particularly amongst ‘hunter-gatherer’ pastoralist populations. Conversely, changes in the form and distribution of sedentary settlement have most commonly been studied across wide spatio-temporal ranges that do not consider the role of mobile livelihood practices at scales appreciable to the people who actually performed them. This paper seeks to rectify this scholarly lacuna through the practical application of the concept of ‘shifting sedentism’ amongst the communities of Kenya’s northern Elgeyo Escarpment. Combining archaeological/contemporary household survey data with local oral histories, this paper explores how the incremental movement of individual housing compounds has contributed to the gradual shift of Marakwet settlement across the landscape over the past two centuries. Shifting patterns of residence will be linked with broader trends in mobile livelihood practice that extend across the surrounding landscape and run through multiple generations. These practices have themselves adeptly incorporated many major changes to community lifeways—including the introduction of new crops, Christian missionisation, road building and the growth of small commercial centres. Such practices embody a particularly flexible approach to socio-cultural continuity, in which situational mobility has been vital in ensuring the overarching resilience of these communities and the rugged landscape they call home. Fine-grained and multi-disciplinary approaches are key to the recognition of mobility’s importance within such otherwise sedentary contexts, and it is hoped this particular study will inspire further such efforts across the continent.
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28. Des dromadaires et des hommes au Moyen-Orient.
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Faye, Bernard
- Abstract
Regarded as an animal of the past and supporting the eternal image of the 'ship of the desert', the dromedary camel is facing deep changes in its rearing system, causing significant changes in human relationships. A somewhat idealized virtuous animal among the nomad with which it shares the rough life of deserts, it becomes only one cog in the intensification process of settled production systems where it needs to better express its potential of production to avoid the risk of being marginalized, its utilitarian function becoming predominant. However, the urbanized Middle East likes to remember the virtues of the animal and its products, the dromedary returning this animal idealized for a weekend where the city dweller looking over its lost emotional proximity, rather than the economic benefits of its products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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29. La vallée de la Seiche et la haute vallée de Vilaine du début du Néolithique au Chalcolithique : bilan et perspectives
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Gwenolé Kerdivel
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prospección ,spatial archaeology ,polierte Beile ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Néolithique ,habitat ,hache ,Siedlung ,settlement ,ocupación del territorio ,modelo de poblamiento ,Brittany ,poblado ,Prospektion ,Siedlungsraum ,prospection ,Neolithic ,Menhir ,stone axes ,model of populating ,General Environmental Science ,media_common ,arqueología espacial ,räumliche Archäologie ,occupation de l’espace ,General Engineering ,Art ,Bretagne ,archéologie spatiale ,occupation of the space ,Neolithikum ,Prospection ,Bretaña ,Neolítico ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Besiedlungsmodell ,hacha pulimentada ,Humanities ,modèle de peuplement - Abstract
Cet article fait le point sur le Néolithique de la haute vallée de Vilaine et de la vallée de la Seiche, en incluant celle du Blosne, toutes trois situées à l’est de la Bretagne, au cœur du Massif armoricain. À cette occasion, plusieurs découvertes sont signalées : quelques indices du Villeneuve-Saint-Germain, une possible sépulture type Passy, un lieu d’extraction de microgranite et de façonnage de hache dans ce matériau daté du Néolithique final, de nombreuses lames de hache largement inédites, etc. La mise en contexte environnementale dans une dynamique chronologique permet de montrer que les données disponibles s’inscrivent largement dans ce que l’on connaît aux marges du Massif armoricain avec une augmentation du nombre de gisements dans la dernière phase du Néolithique et une pression toujours croissante sur l’environnement. Le tout permet surtout de voir en creux l’étendue de ce que l’on ne sait pas et de dessiner des projets pour l’avenir. This paper reviews the Neolithic of the upper Vilaine valley and the Seiche valley, including the Blosne valley, all three located in eastern Brittany, in the heart of the Armorican Massif. Discoveries include some evidence of Villeneuve-Saint-Germain sites, a possible Passy-type burial site, a microgranite extraction site and an axe fashioned from this material, dating to the Final Neolithic, and numerous mostly unpublished axe blades. The environmental context in a chronological dynamic shows that the available data are largely in line with what is known at the margins of the Armorican Massif, with an increase in the number of deposits in the last phase of the Neolithic and ever-increasing pressure on the environment. Above all, it allows us to see the extent of what we do not know and to draw up plans for the future. Dieser Beitrag stellt den aktuellen Forschungsstand zum Neolithikum im oberen Tal der Vilaine und im Tal der Seiche dar. Dabei wird auch das Tal der Blosne miteinbezogen. Alle drei Flusstäler befinden sich im Osten der Bretagne, im Herzen des amorikanischen Massivs. Bei dieser Gelegenheit sind mehrere Neuentdeckungen mitzuteilen: einige Hinweise auf eine Besiedlung der Villeneuve-Saint-Germain-Kultur (VSG), eine mögliche Grabanlage vom Typ Passy, eine Fundstelle, an der Mikrogranit gewonnen wurde und die Herstellung von Beilen aus diesem Material, die ins Spätneolithikum datiert werden, sowie zahlreichen Beilklingen, die bisher weitgehend unbekannt waren, etc.Die Zuordnung zu einem Umweltkontext und die entsprechende chronologische Einordnung konnten zeigen, dass die verfügbaren archäologischen Daten weitgehend dem entsprechen, was man bisher aus den Randgebieten des amorikanischen Massivs kennt, insbesondere eine Zunahme der Siedlungsfundstellen in der letzten Phase des Neolithikums sowie einen zunehmenden Druck auf die natürlichen Umweltverhältnisse. Alles zusammengenommen erlauben diese neuen Erkenntnisse, deutlicher wahrzunehmen, was wir derzeit alles noch nicht wissen und daraus künftige Forschungsprojekte zu entwickeln. Este artículo hace un balance sobre el Neolítico en la cuenca alta del río Vilaine y del Seiche incluyendo la del Blosne, todas situadas en el este de Bretaña, en el corazón del macizo Armoricano. En este contexto, se señalan varios hallazgos: algunos indicios del período Villeneuve-Saint-Germain, una posible tumba de tipo Passy, una cantera de microgranito y un taller de fabricación de hachas del mismo material, atribuidos al Neolítico final, numerosas hachas inéditas, etc. El estudio del contexto medioambiental desde una perspectiva cronológica permite demostrar que los datos disponibles se insertan en el conocimiento actual de los márgenes del macizo Armoricano, con un aumento del número de yacimientos en la última fase del Neolítico y una presión creciente sobre el medioambiente. Este balance permite sobre todo apreciar las lagunas y proponer proyectos para el futuro.
- Published
- 2021
30. Nouvelle hypothèse de restitution des bâtiments de plan dit circulaire à La Tène finale. Réflexions à partir des temples A et C de Manching (Allemagne)
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Rémy Wassong
- Subjects
âge du Fer ,settlement ,géométrie ,architecture ,planification ,geometry ,habitat ,iron Age ,Classics ,planning ,Manching - Abstract
Cet article soulève le problème de l’interprétation des bâtiments de plan circulaire en Europe celtique continentale. Les bâtiments circulaires y sont très rares et renvoient fréquemment les fouilleurs, de ce fait, vers une fonction particulière, difficile à déterminer au sein d’un site. Dans le cas des temples de Manching, le mobilier découvert indique une fonction rituelle et cette forme architecturale singulière est ainsi mise en lien avec le caractère religieux du monument. De nouveaux éléments, se fondant sur une étude géométrique des plans, soulèvent des questions sur ce type de bâtiment et apportent de nouvelles considérations sur la planification à base circulaire. Il est possible de proposer une autre hypothèse de restitution de l’élévation de ces bâtiments sous la forme, non plus d’un édifice circulaire, mais d’un bâtiment à parois déportées, de plan carré ou rectangulaire. This paper raises the issue of the interpretation of circular buildings in continental Celtic Europe. Those buildings are quite rare and are usually associated with some specific functions which can’t be clearly determined. In the case of the temples of Manching, the artifacts discovered are plainly displaying a ritual role of the construction. The architectural form of the temples is, thereby, associated with the religious nature of the edifice. New elements based on a geometric analysis of the buildings plans offer a new point of view on the circular-based plans of some buildings. This analysis allows us to suggest a new hypothesis concerning the restitution of the form of those buildings in the form a square or rectangular building with offset walls instead of a circular building.
- Published
- 2020
31. Les politiques publiques face aux investissements directs étrangers en Afrique : étude comparée de la Namibie et de la République du Congo
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Gavelle, Ophélia and Arel-Bundock, Vincent
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Settlement ,colonisation ,Republic of Congo ,Namibie ,International institutions ,Public policies ,Namibia ,Afrique ,Politiques publiques ,Investissements directs étrangers ,Africa ,institutions internationales ,République du Congo ,Foreign direct investment - Abstract
Ces vingt dernières années ont été marquées par des flux d’investissements directs étrangers (IDE) entre les économies mondialisées. L’Afrique reste cependant plus en marge que les autres régions. Cela peut s’expliquer par divers facteurs comme les ressources ou les politiques publiques. En effet, certains pays possèdent des politiques publiques envers les IDE plus ou moins réticentes. Ce présent travail se concentre sur les raisons qui amènent les pays à adopter ce type de politiques publiques. En m’appuyant sur l’approche britannique de Susan Strange et la méthode de la différence de Mills, je compare la République du Congo qui met en place des politiques incitatives envers les IDE et la Namibie dont les politiques publiques sont plus restreintes. D’une part, cette différence de politiques publiques envers les IDE s’explique par la colonisation et par les relations qu’ils ont avec leurs anciens pays coloniaux. D’autre part, les institutions internationales influencent aussi les comportements de ces deux pays dans leurs relations avec les investisseurs étrangers. Pour cette étude, je me suis concentrée sur l’ONU et le FMI. Celles-ci ont donc intensifié les comportements de ces pays vis-à-vis des IDE., These last twenty years were marked by flows of foreign direct investments (FDI) between globalized economies. The continent of Africa is more marginalized than other regions. It could be explained by various factors like resources or public policies. Indeed, several countries have public policies towards FDI more or less reluctant. This present paper is focused on why countries adopt this type of public policy. Based on Susan Strange’s British approach and Mills’ difference method, I compare the Republic of Congo, which has incentive policies for FDI and Namibia with public policies which are more limited. On the one hand, this difference in public policies towards FDI is explained by colonization and the relations they have with their former colonial countries. On the other hand, the international institutions also influence the behaviour of these two countries in their relations with foreign investors. For this study, I focused on the UN and the IMF. These have thus intensified the behaviour of these countries towards FDI.
- Published
- 2020
32. Covisibilité et peuplement aux Açores. Estimation de l’importance du facteur de covisibilité dans la répartition des populations aux Açores
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Louis Marrou and Frédéric Rousseaux
- Subjects
digital elevation model ,archipelago ,Azores ,settlement ,co-visibility ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
This article uses co-visibility analysis to study the relationships between different islands in the Archipelago of the Azores, in the context of a geographical analysis of the distribution of populations. The issue of whether “to see” or “to be seen” is a relevant factor influencing the choice of zones of habitation in the specific setting of the Archipelago of the Azores. The literature often focuses on the relationships of co-visibility maintained between the different islands. Using an analytical method based on an algorithm of co-visibility, we propose a quantification of these connections using a method based on a co-visibility algorithm. The computing of co-visibility algorithms is time-consuming. To overcome this problem, we propose in the first section a method of computing time based on the reduction of the number and the optimization of the placement of the viewpoints used for the calculation. The results show a significant drop in computing time. A second section of the paper presents a method of spatial analysis that makes it possible to determine and to quantify the grouping of inhabitants that can be seen from one island to another. The results are then analysed, and a chart is drawn up, and the chart is then discussed in a final section. Contributions to the study are on two levels. The first is related to the methodology, and is described before the second one. The second one, more geographical, points to the co-visibility factor: of course the co-visibility factor on its own does not explain the distribution of populations, but it sheds new light on the question. It also facilitates an understanding of the complex relationships that motivate these islands, in the very contemporary perspective of a reflection on new planning issues in the Azores Archipelago.
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- 2009
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33. Experimental Study on Post Grouting Bearing Capacity of Large Diameter Bored Piles
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Wang Duanduan, Wang Longfei, and Zhang Lipeng
- Subjects
bored pile ,post grouting ,settlement ,bearing capacity ,pile shaft resistance ,pile tip resistance ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Post grouting can improve the inherent defects such as the formation of the mud cake at pile side and the sediment at pile end in the process of bored pile construction. Thus post grouting has been widely used in Engineering. The purpose of this paper is to research the influences of post grouting to pile bearing capacity more systematically and intuitively. Combined with the static load test of four test piles in Weihe River Bridge test area of new airport highway in Xi’an, the bearing capacity and settlement of routine piles and post grouting piles are comparatively analyzed. The test results show that under the same geological condition, post grouting can improve the properties of pile tip and pile shaft soil of bored piles significantly, enhance the ultimate resistance, improve the ultimate bearing capacity and reduce the pile tip settlement. Then post grouting can aim to optimize pile foundation.
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- 2015
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34. Gender Differences in Legal Disputes: The Case of French Labor Courts
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Emmanuel Peterle, Julie Le Gallo, Jean-Christian Tisserand, Nikolaos Georgantzis, Economics Department, University of Kansas [Lawrence] (KU), Universitat Jaume I, Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Burgundy School of Business, and Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
Labor courts ,Settlement ,5. Gender equality ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,8. Economic growth ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,Bargaining ,Empirical analysis ,050207 economics ,16. Peace & justice ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,050205 econometrics - Abstract
EnglishCet article porte sur les differences de genre dans les litiges prud’homaux en France. Nous realisons une analyse empirique de donnees concernant la phase de conciliation prealable au proces et les decisions des juges lors de la phase de jugement. Pour cela, nous avons cree une nouvelle base de donnees a partir de documents juridiques. Les resultats sont doubles. Premierement, les femmes sont moins susceptibles que les hommes de parvenir a une entente avant le proces lorsqu’elles poursuivent leur employeur, sauf dans les cas d’un licenciement. Deuxiemement, nous constatons que, toutes choses egales par ailleurs, les femmes ont plus de chances d’obtenir gain de cause lors de la phase de jugement. Ces resultats suggerent que les femmes portent, en moyenne, des affaires de meilleure qualite devant le conseil des prud’hommes. Cet effet pourrait s’expliquer par les revendications initiales qui sont portees contre les employeurs, ainsi que par les differences de comportement de negociation pendant la phase de conciliation prealable au proces. JEL Codes: K31, K41. francaisThis paper focuses on gender differences in French Labor Courts. We empirically investigate data from the pretrial conciliation phase and the judges’ decisions in the trial phase. For that purpose, we compiled a novel database from legal documents. The results are twofold. First, women are less likely to reach pretrial agreement compared to men when they sue their employer, except for dismissal cases. Second, we find that all things being equal, women are more likely to succeed in the trial phase. Taken together, these results suggest that women bring, on average, higher quality cases to the French Labor Court. This effect might be explained by the intitial demands that are brought against the employers, as well as gender differences in bargaining behavior during the pretrial conciliation phase.
- Published
- 2019
35. The Chronology of the Levantine Middle Palaeolithic Period in Retrospect
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Ofer Bar-Yosef and Liliane Meignen
- Subjects
chronology ,Mousterian ,radiométric datation ,settlement ,Upper Pleistocene ,History of Civilization ,CB3-482 - Abstract
During the last 20 years, in the context of new interdisciplinary research projects in the Near East, significant changes have emerged in our ideas about the origin and early evolution of Modern Humans. Most of these changes are the result of the development and application of dating techniques such as TL and ESR but no less have the advent of lithic technological studies contributed refinements in the classical tripartite scheme of the Levantine Middle Palaeolithic. The aim of this paper is to explore in retrospect the various proposals for dating the archaeological deposits in which human fossils have been recovered. New hypotheses based on the recent dating are presented radiometric ignoring certain ambiguities.
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- 1999
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36. Introduction: Current Socio-Legal Perspectives on Dispute Resolution
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Luigi Cominelli and Masayuki Murayama
- Subjects
International Arbitration ,Mediation ,Comparative Law ,Settlement ,Social legislation ,K7585-7595 - Abstract
In recent years, there were increasing interests in quantitative survey research on experiences of legal problems and access to justice in an unprecedented number of countries. Such survey research was initially conducted in the U.K. and the U.S. and later in Canada, New Zealand and Australia, countries with the Anglo-American legal tradition. However, a similar survey was recently carried out in the Netherlands, Japan and Hong Kong, countries of the Civil Law tradition, some of them with Asian social background. Now we have fantastic opportunities for comparative studies of civil disputes and dispute handling behavior among countries with different socio-legal backgrounds. Drawing upon these survey data, we discussed on how experiences of legal problems and occurrences of disputes differ among countries, how legal machineries are used or not used to resolve disputes, how levels of satisfaction with outcomes differ, and research designs and quantitative analytical methods for future surveys.DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1941689
- Published
- 2011
37. Facilitating Settlement at the Arbitration Table: Comparing Views on Settlement Practice Among Arbitration Practitioners in East Asia and the West
- Author
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Shahla Ali
- Subjects
International Arbitration ,Mediation ,Comparative Law ,Settlement ,Law and Development in East Asia ,Global Socio Legal Studies ,Social legislation ,K7585-7595 - Abstract
This article presents a cross cultural examination of how international arbitrators in East Asian and Western countries view the goal of settlement in international arbitration. The result of a 115 person survey and 64 follow up interviews shed light on the underlying cultural attitudes and approaches to settlement in international arbitration as practiced in diverse regions. The findings indicate that arbitration practitioner’s perceptions of the frequency of compromise decision in international arbitration demonstrate a high degree of convergence across regions. At the same time, cultural and socio-economic distinctions are reflected in varying arbitrator perceptions regarding the arbitrators’ role in settlement, whether settlement is regarded as a goal in arbitration and the types of efforts made pre-arbitration to settle disputes. In particular, arbitrators working in the East Asian region regard the goal of facilitating voluntary settlement in the context of international arbitration with greater importance and generally make greater efforts pre-arbitration to settle disputes as compared with counterparts in the West.DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1934138
- Published
- 2011
38. Un nouveau « très grand site » du IVe millénaire dans le Sud de la France : l’apport du chantier « Cazan l’Héritière 2008 » à Vernègues (Bouches-du-Rhône)
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Vanessa Léa, Cédric Lepère, Dorcas Vannieuwenhuyse, and Eric Thirault
- Subjects
Archeology ,flint industry ,Middle Neolithic ,Provence ,Bouches-du-Rhône ,Chassey culture ,chronology ,settlement ,ceramic ,Chasséen ,chronologie ,habitat céramique ,industrie en silex ,Néolithique moyen - Abstract
Few well-studied Neolithic open-air sites are known in the Provence region, in contrast with the Languedoc, middle Rhône and Garonne valleys regions, where many large Chassey culture settlements from the 5th and 4th millennia BC have been studied during the last decades. In the municipality of Vernègues, repeated preventive archaeology operations (diagnostics and excavations) in the last twenty years have allowed the partial exploration of a vast Middle and Final Neolithic settlement. We propose naming this settlement ‘ Cazan’, after the nearby hamlet. With a surface area of at least 160 hectares, the site is located in a little sheltered valley in the hills to the south of the Durance River valley. Its geographical position, between the Alpilles hills to the west, the Crau plain to the south-west, the Durance valley to the north and the Aix-en-Provence basin to the south-east, as well as its large surface area, suggests that this site could have played a central role in the organization of the Chassey culture territories in western Provence. The Cazan site is currently documented by 23 discovery points, including four planimetrical archaeological excavations, representing almost 2.7 hectares of Neolithic occupations brought to light. The density of remains is variable, but the small surface actually excavated (less than 2% of the site’s estimated total area of 160 hectares) does not allow a comprehensive approach to this vast occupation. At the most, all that can be said is that this type of extensive site is rare in southern France. In this paper, we present data from an archaeological excavation that took place in 2008, in a locality called ‘ L’Héritière’. During the four weeks of this preventive archaeological operation, 5600 m ² were excavated. The data collected allowed several questions related to these megasites to be answered : timespan and nature of occupation, detailed chronology and site functions. The geomorphological study allowed the insertion of the archaeological remains in a complex stratigraphic sequence deposited in a slight depression inherited from the Ice Ages, in which the highest density of remains were found, to be understood. The current gently sloping topography and the lateral variations in the sedimentary sequence demonstrate that the natural and archaeological layers are not evenly preserved, some of the areas having suffered more than others from erosion. In contrast, some areas show more important sedimentary deposits, where archaeological remains have been preferentially trapped and well-preserved. Among the 35 actual features discovered, 15 storage pits, 2 or 3 water wells, one artefact deposit, 3 heated stone features, 8 to 10 fire pits, 2 hearths and what is probably wedging for a post can be distinguished. The pits are of average volume, and, on the whole, have a quick and non-anthropogenic filling. The two wells have been used as disposal places for artefacts and various organic remains, and provided two stratigraphic sequences rich in information on the nature of human activities. The fire-pits display evidence of burning on their bottom and walls, but some of them have probably been disturbed, as the stones partially filling the pits are not always in primary position. The presence of only two hearths and one post wedging suggests activities which left little evidence on the ground. The ceramic production study outlined four morphological groups, interpreted as as many occupation phases. Technological data demonstrate, for each of the groups, the use of local raw materials but with some variability in the fabrication processes (‘ chaînes opératoires’). The latter could point to the existence of several domestic production units using different methods. The technical and morphological specificities observed could be interpreted as a local style variation but overall, the four phases identified on the site can be placed in the existing regional seriation of ceramic production. The lithic collection, a series of 745 elements, demonstrates that the site was part of several exogenous raw material exchange and distribution networks (Sardinian obsidian, Bedoulian flint from Vaucluse, Oligocene flint such as the Apt-Forcalquier type). The typo-technological analysis indicates two successive Chassey chronological phases. The oldest phase is only represented by scattered artefacts while the recent phase is more largely represented, but it was not possible to distinguish any stages within it. Cross-examining the data provided by the stratigraphy, ceramic seriation and the seven radiocarbon dates suggests four Chassey culture phases during the occupation of the ‘ l’Heritiere’ site : 1) an older phase before 4000 BC, attested by scattered artefacts and a radiocarbon date conflicting with the related artefacts ; 2) a following phase with both ‘ Terres Longues’ and ‘ Rocalibert’ type Chassey culture stages (C and D1 stages of the regional ceramic seriation) during which the wells were dug and then filled up again, one stage also being associated with pits ; the dating ranges between 3950 and 3790 BC, that is to say a century and a half at most ; 3) a final phase, related to the ‘ Pertus’ type Chassey culture (stage D2), associated with the fire-pits, which took place between 3790 and 3690 BC, lasting a century at the most. The spatial distribution of artefacts does not reveal any specific polarity that could be related to one of the occupation phases. In other words, on the 2008 archaeological excavation scale, we are dealing with repeated and extensive occupations over three centuries, each occupation having left only very few remains. This result suggests a non-intensive occupation model, but a real appropriation of the location. The high chronometric resolution achieved in the ‘ L’Héritière’ site study demonstrates the usefulness of applying an integrative approach to resolve spatial temporal discontinuity and continuity issues on archaeological sites. Future research directions include the confrontation of our interpretation with other sectors excavated on this megasite and further analyses on archaeological material to define subsistence patterns, raw material provenance, and their evolution during the Chassey period (translation Alexis Taylor and Dorcas Vannieuwenhuyse)., Les sites néolithiques de plein-air sont encore mal connus en Provence. Cette situation contraste avec la moyenne vallée du Rhône, le Languedoc et la moyenne vallée de la Garonne où nombre de grands sites chasséens des Ve et IVe millénaires BC sont documentés depuis des décennies. Sur la commune de Vernègues, la multiplication des interventions préventives (diagnostics et fouilles) depuis vingt ans a permis de documenter, de manière partielle, une vaste occupation du Néolithique moyen et final. Elle s’étend au moins sur 160 hectares au fond et sur les rebords d’un vallon abrité dans les collines qui jouxtent, en rive gauche (sud), la vallée de la Durance. Nous proposons d’appeler «Cazan » cette implantation eu égard au hameau qui en occupe le centre. Sa position géographique, entre les collines des Alpilles à l’ouest, la plaine de la Crau au sud-ouest, la vallée de la Durance au nord et le bassin d’Aix-en-Provence au sud-est, ainsi que sa vaste superficie, laissent penser que ce site pourrait jouer un rôle central dans l’organisation des territoires chasséens de la Provence occidentale. Le site de Cazan est actuellement documenté par vingt-trois points de découverte, dont quatre fouilles planimétriques ; le tout représente environ 2,7 hectares d’occupation mis au jour. La densité des vestiges est inégale, mais la faible superficie réellement fouillée (moins de 2 % de la totalité du site) ne permet pas une approche globale de cette vaste occupation. Tout au plus peut-on dire que ce type de site très extensif est rare dans le Sud de la France. Dans cet article, nous présentons les données issues de l’une des campagnes de fouille, au lieu-dit «l’Héritière » en 2008. Il s’agit d’une opération préventive qui a duré quatre semaines et qui a permis d’explorer une surface de 5 600 m2. Les données recueillies ont permis de répondre à plusieurs questions qui se posent à propos de ces très grands sites : durée et nature des occupations, chronologie fine et fonctions. L’étude géomorphologique a permis de comprendre l’insertion des vestiges de l’occupation chasséenne dans une séquence stratigraphique complexe, avec, en particulier, une légère dépression héritée des temps glaciaires dans laquelle on retrouve la plus grande densité de vestiges. La topographie actuelle en pente douce et les variations latérales de la séquence sédimentaire observées en coupe démontrent que les couches naturelles et archéologiques sont préservées de manière différentielle, certaines zones ayant subi plus d’érosion que d’autres. À l’inverse, certaines zones offrent un plus grand développement sédimentaire où les vestiges et le mobilier ont été piégés et sont mieux conservés. Les structures avérées, au nombre de trente-cinq, comprennent quinze fosses de stockage, deux ou trois puits à eau, un dépôt de mobilier, trois empierrements chauffés, huit à dix fosses de combustion, deux foyers à plat ainsi qu’un probable calage de poteau. Les fosses sont de volume moyen et, sauf exception, ont un comblement rapide et non anthropisé. Les deux puits à eau présentent des comblements stratifiés et ont servi de lieu de rejet de mobiliers et de restes organiques divers. De ce fait, chacun de ces deux puits présente une séquence stratigraphique riche en informations sur la nature des occupations. Les fosses de combustion ont livré les preuves de combustion sur les parois et le fond, mais ont probablement subi des remaniements, car les pierres qui les comblent partiellement ne sont pas toujours en position primaire. Les deux foyers et le calage de poteau témoignent d’activités qui n’ont laissé que très peu de traces au sol. L’étude des productions céramiques a permis de mettre en évidence quatre ensembles morphologiques interprétés comme autant de phases d’occupation. Le traitement des données technologiques montre, pour chacun de ces groupes, l’utilisation de matières premières locales et une certaine diversité des chaînes opératoires. Cette dernière pourrait signaler l’existence de plusieurs unités de production domestique employant des façons de faire différentes. Les quatre phases isolées sur le site s’intègrent sans difficulté à la sériation régionale des productions céramiques. Toutefois, les productions céramiques de ces quatre phases conservent certaines spécificités tant morphologiques que techniques que l’on pourrait proposer d’interpréter en terme de style local. L’assemblage lithique, composée d’une petite série de 745 éléments, montre que le site de Vernègues est intégré à différents réseaux de diffusion de matières premières exogènes (obsidienne de Sardaigne, silex bédoulien vauclusien, silex oligocène de type Apt-Forcalquier). L’analyse typotechnologique met en évidence la présence de deux phases chronologiques dont une (la plus ancienne) n’est documentée que par du mobilier épars. La phase récente du Chasséen, est quant à elle, abondamment représentée, sans qu’il soit néanmoins possible d’y distinguer plusieurs étapes. Le croisement des données fournies par la stratigraphie, la sériation céramique et par les sept dates 14C permet de proposer l’existence de quatre phases d’occupation : une phase «Chasséen ancien », antérieure à 4000 BC, attestée par du mobilier épars et une date radiocarbone discordante avec le mobilier associé ; deux phases du Chasséen de type «Terres Longues » et «Rocalibert » (étapes C et D1 de la sériation céramique régionale) : creusement puis comblement des puits, accompagnés de fosses pour l’une des phases, la datation la plus probable est comprise entre 3950 et 3790 BC, soit une durée maximale d’un siècle et demi environ ; une ultime phase, Chasséen de type «Pertus » (étape D2), avec les fosses à combustion, dans une fourchette comprise entre 3790 et 3690 BC, soit une durée maximale d’un siècle environ. La répartition spatiale des vestiges ne montre aucune polarité spécifique à l’une des phases d’occupation. Autrement dit, à l’échelle de la fenêtre de la fouille 2008, nous avons affaire, sur trois siècles, à des occupations réitérées et extensives dans l’espace, qui ne laissent, pour chacune d’entre elles, que peu de vestiges au sol. Ce résultat suggère un modèle d’occupation peu intense, mais une appropriation réelle des lieux. Il sera nécessaire, par la suite, de confronter cette proposition avec les autres secteurs fouillés sur ce vaste site. La finesse chronométrique obtenue sur ce chantier permet aussi d’envisager une étude précise des modalités de subsistance et d’approvisionnement en ressources et leur évolution au cours du Chasséen, travail actuellement en cours., Thirault Eric, Léa Vanessa, Lepère Cédric, Vannieuwenhuyse Dorcas. Un nouveau « très grand site » du IVe millénaire dans le Sud de la France : l’apport du chantier « Cazan l’Héritière 2008 » à Vernègues (Bouches-du-Rhône). In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 113, n°3, 2016. pp. 523-570.
- Published
- 2016
39. Lines in the Family. Aspects of Family-Related Migration in Greek-Albanian Border
- Author
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Athena Peglidou and Costas Mantzos
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famille ,settlement ,family ,Political science ,ethnographie ,Ethnology ,General Medicine ,borders ,migration ,Humanities ,frontières ,ethnography - Abstract
Cet article a pour but de montrer comment les frontières nationales, qui représentent simultanément la proximité et la distance, l’intime et l’exotique, deviennent tout à la fois un moyen de confinement et un atout utile dans le cadre des stratégies migratoires des familles et des individus. En analysant les choix individuels et les voies par lesquelles sont établis les contacts et les réseaux de relation dans un espace transnational, nous voulons aller au-delà de la conceptualisation de la migration vue comme mobilité et opposée à la famille, considérée comme stasis. Nos recherches ethnographiques en Épire ont eu pour dessein de mettre en lumière, d’une part, comment les structures familiales se sont mêlées à la réalité géopolitique, quand les individus ont été encouragés à surmonter les appréhensions que suscite la migration ; d’autre part, comment les choix individuels ont contribué à maintenir la stabilité des familles. Deux formes de migration familiale des deux côté de la frontière ont été examinées par le biais d’exemples ethnographiques spécifiques : le mariage entre Grecs et Albanaises originaires de villages voisins, et l’installation de familles albanaises dans des villages grecs sous-peuplés. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the presence of national borders – representing at the same time proximity and distance, the intimate and the exotic – become both a confining context and a useful asset, affecting family and individual migration strategies. In analyzing individual choices and ways of connecting and networking within a transnational field we intend to move beyond the conceptualization of migration=mobility vs family=stasis. Our ethnographic research in Epirus attempted to bring forward how on the one hand family structures become intertwined with the geopolitical reality of an international enhancing to individuals to overcome the risks of migration, and on the other, how individual choices help to retain family stability. Two different forms of family-led migration on both sides of the border were examined in the form of specific ethnographic examples: the marriage between Greek men and Albanian women from nearby villages and the settlement of Albanian families in underpopulated Greek villages.
- Published
- 2014
40. Prospections et fouilles au pied du Djebel Salim Khamis (Ja’alan, Sultanat d’Oman). Occupations et Habitats du IIIe millénaire avant J.-C
- Author
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Blin, Olivier, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Jessica Giraud et Guillaume Gernez (dir.), avec la collaboration de Victoria de Castéja, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Sultanate of Oman ,settlement ,Ja’alan ,IIIe millénaire ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,3rdmillennium ,Sultanat d’Oman ,habitat ,al-Ayn ,Naked ,el-Massawy ,Bu Fsheqa - Abstract
International audience; Within the framework of the French-Italian project (Joint Hadd Project) co-managed by Serge Cleuziou andMaurizio Tosi, and more specifically of the program of survey and study of the funeral space of the 3rd millenniumBC, committed inside Ja’alan from 2002 by Jessica Giraud, a series of archaeological excavations wasrealised, from 2004 on several potential sites of settlements on the fringes of the Djebel Salim Khamis(Ja’alan).In 2004 and 2005, from south to north, the sites of el-Massawy, Bu Fsheqa, al-Ayn and Naked vere testedduring small interventions. From 2005 till 2007, the site of al-Ayn, benefited from three missions of excavations.We give in this paper the first results.; Dans le cadre du projet franco-italien (Joint Hadd Project) co-dirigé par Serge Cleuziou et MaurizioTosi, et plus spécifiquement du programme de prospection et d’étude de l’espace funéraire du IIIe millénaireav. J.-C., engagé dans l’intérieur des terres dès 2002 par Jessica Giraud, une série de sondages archéologiquesfut engagée, dès 2004 sur plusieurs sites d’habitat potentiels sur les franges du Djebel SalimKhamis (Ja’alan).En 2004 et 2005, du sud au nord, les sites d’el-Massawy, de Bu Fsheqa, d’al-Ayn et de Naked bénéficièrentainsi de petites interventions. De 2005 à 2007, le site d’al-Ayn, bénéficia de trois missions de fouilles.Nous en donnons ici les premiers résultats.
- Published
- 2012
41. La céramique Rhin-Suisse-France Orientale de Passy « Richebourg Ouest » : un ensemble du Bronze finalIIBdans l’Yonne
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Muller, Fabrice, Nicolas, Théophane, and Auxiette, Ginette
- Subjects
chronologie ,Rhein-Schweiz-Ostfrankreich ,Late Bronze Age ,Spätbronzezeit ,habitat ,pottery ,Abbaugrube ,chronology ,Keramik ,Siedlung ,settlement ,fosse d’extraction ,extraction pit ,typology ,céramique ,typologie - Abstract
Un diagnostic réalisé en 1994 sur la commune de Passy (Yonne), au lieu-dit « Richebourg Ouest », a révélé une fosse très riche en mobilier attribuable à l’étape moyenne du Bronze final. L’analyse typo-chronologique de ce mobilier permet de l’attribuer au Bronze final IIb (période bien attestée dans l’est de la France). Cet article est la suite d’une série de petites monographies qui nous permettront de travailler sur la périodisation fine de cette étape moyenne du Bronze final dans le département de l’Yonne. A 1994 archaeological evaluation at Passy « Richebourg » (Yonne) brought to light a pit containing material dating to the second period of the Late Bronze Age. The typochronological analysis of this material has dated it to the Bronze final IIb (well-known period in the East of France). This work is part of a number of short papers allowing us to work on the precise dating of this second period of the Late Bronze Age in the Yonne area. Bei einer 1994 auf dem Gebiet der Gemeinde Passy (Departement Yonne) am Ort mit dem Flurnamen „Richebourg Ouest“ durchgeführten archäologischen Diagnose wurde eine Grube mit reichem Fundmaterial aus der mittleren Phase der Spätbronzezeit entdeckt. Die typochronologische Analyse erlaubt es, dieses Mobiliar in die in Ostfrankreich gut vertretene späte Spätbronzezeit IIb einzuordnen. Dieser Artikel gehört zu einer Reihe kleiner Monographien, die uns ermöglichen wird, an der Feinperiodisierung dieser mittleren Phase der Spätbronzezeit im Departement Yonne zu arbeiten.
- Published
- 2011
42. Grecs et Etrusques à Lattes : nouvelles données à partir des fouilles de la Cougourlude
- Author
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Michel Py, Isabelle Daveau, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), and Roure Réjane
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,épigraphie ,Etruscans ,habitat ,ceramics ,HBLA ,01 natural sciences ,Grecs ,settlement ,HIS002010 ,0601 history and archaeology ,imports ,importations ,céramique ,identity ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Étrusques ,060102 archaeology ,Greeks ,06 humanities and the arts ,identité ,Geography ,Archaeology ,HIS002020 ,epigraphy ,acculturation - Abstract
L’habitat du Ier âge du Fer au lieu-dit la Cougourlude, en bordure du ruisseau de la Lironde, à 1 km au nord-est du comptoir de Lattara (Lattes, Hérault) était connu depuis longtemps à travers divers sondages et découvertes avant de faire l’objet d’une importante opération de fouille préventive par l’INRAP en 2010 sur plus de 25 000 m2. Le site a livré les vestiges d’un habitat occupé dès le début du Ier âge du Fer et se développant considérablement durant la deuxième moitié du VIe s. av. n. è. pour être abandonné quelques décennies plus tard, peu après la fondation de Lattara. Après la présentation des principales données de la fouille, l’accent est mis dans cet article sur le faciès céramique de la Cougourlude et la caractérisation des apports méditerranéens. Enfin sont interrogés les liens entre la Cougourlude et Lattara ainsi que le rôle respectifs des populations locales et des négociants grecs et étrusques. The First Iron Age settlement located on La Cougourlude, near the river La Lironde, 1 km in the north-eastern side of the port of trade Lattara (Lattes, Hérault) was known for a long time through some digs and discoveries, before it has been excavated by the INRAP in 2010 on more than 25,000 m2. The site contained the rest of an important settlement dated from the beginning of the First Iron Age and strongly developped during the second half of the VIth c. BC, before it was given up a few decade later, shortly after the foudation of Lattara. After some lines about the main data from the excavation, this paper present in particular the ceramic facies of La Cougourlude and specifically the Mediterranean imports. Finally are questioned the links between La Cougourlude and Lattara and also the role of native population on one side and Greek and Etruscan traders on the other side.
- Published
- 2011
43. Habitation fixe ou campement de fortune
- Author
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Dousset, Laurent, Dousset, Laurent, Centre de Recherche et de Documentation sur l'Océanie (CREDO), and École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Désert de l'Ouest ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,Désert de l’Ouest ,Australia ,habitat ,camp ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,Australie ,organisation sociale ,settlement ,résidence ,social organization ,Western Desert ,campement ,housing - Abstract
In some remote Australian communities, in particular those that have entered only late in contact with the western world, Aboriginal people abandon and neglect housing built by the Australian administration and prefer to live in temporary camps. This paper shows that these practices allow for a reconciliation of the new and imposed residential community with the community of social belonging with its social values and norms. These norms are of the domain of affiliation to traditional country, respect of kinship categories and transparency of economic possessions., Dans certaines communautés rurales, en particulier dans les régions désertiques qui sont entrées tardivement en contact avec la civilisation occidentale, les Aborigènes d'Australie délaissent et négligent les habitations construites par l'administration pour s'installer dans des campements de " fortune ". L'article montre que ces pratiques permettent de réconcilier la communauté résidentielle nouvelle imposée par le système colonial avec la communauté d'appartenance sociale en satisfaisant ses normes et valeurs. Ces normes et valeurs sont l'affiliation aux territoires traditionnels, la gestion des catégories de parenté et la transparence économique.
- Published
- 2011
44. Les enceintes pré-médiévales du Nivernais-Morvan : de la documentation ancienne aux prospections récentes
- Author
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Chevrier, Sébastien
- Subjects
ramparts ,Nièvre ,rempart ,fossé ,habitat ,mines ,Wall ,Protohistoire ,ditch ,Graben ,environnement ,Late Prehistory ,Siedlung ,enceinte ,settlement ,hillfort ,Befestigung ,Umgebung ,Bergwerk ,environment ,Vorgeschichte - Abstract
Cet article expose les premiers résultats d’un programme de recherches sur les enceintes anhistoriques du sud de la Bourgogne. Notre enquête, menée dans un premier temps sur le département de la Nièvre, permet de recenser environ 25 sites à caractère défensif. Ce corpus offre la possibilité de procéder à une première synthèse typologique, chronologique et spatiale. Nos observations, corrélées avec les informations fournies par des études récentes sur les minières et le paléo environnement du Morvan, permettent d’avancer de nouvelles hypothèses quant à la fonction de ces sites. This paper aims to present the first step in a wider research program centred on the fortifications of southern Burgundy. 25 fortified sites have been recorded during our first investigations in the Nièvre department, this data forming the basis for a preliminary synthesis. Our data and new information from recent work on mining sites and from palaeoenvironment studies in the Morvan area contribute to a new hypothesis pertaining to the function of these fortifications. Dieser Artikel soll die ersten Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprogramms zu den vorgeschichtlichen Befestigungsanlagen in Südburgund vorstellen. An erster Stelle konzentrierten sich unsere Untersuchungen auf das Departement Nièvre in dem 25 Befestigungsanlagen erfasst werden konnten. Der erstellte Katalog bietet die Möglichkeit, erste typologische, chronologische und räumliche Kriterien zusammenzufassen. Unsere Beobachtungen erlauben unter Einbeziehung der Ergebnisse der neuren Untersuchungen zu den Minen und der antiken Umwelt im Morvan, neue Hypothesen zur Funktion jener Anlagen aufzustellen.
- Published
- 2010
45. Romanisation et développement : le cas de la cité des Arvernes (IIe s. av. J.-C. – IIe s. apr. J.-C.)
- Author
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Trément, Frédéric, Centre d'Histoire 'Espaces et Cultures' (CHEC), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Jean-Luc Fiches, Rosa Plana-Mallart, Victor Revilla Calvo, Jean-Luc Fiches, Rosa Plana-Mallart, Victor Revilla Calvo, and Trément, Frédéric
- Subjects
territoire ,[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Âge du Fer ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Iron Age ,campagnes ,territory ,rural spaces ,Early Empire ,settlement ,[SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies ,[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,[SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies ,Haut-Empire ,Arvernes ,Arverni ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,development ,peuplement ,développement - Abstract
The paper presents an overview of knowledges about the Arverni territory (Roman province of Gallia Aquitania) from the 2nd c. BC to the 2nd c. AD. It tries to highlight the heterochrony and geographical disparities in their development, by questioning the relevance of applying the concept of development to the study of the rural spaces (rhythms, time and space scales at work in the development processes). It attempts to answer the following question: does the heterogeneity of rural areas result from inequalities of development or from a better integration of these spaces within a regional system based on economic complementarity of resources ? Among the development factors considered, special attention is paid to the role played by urban markets (capital of city and small towns), by communication axes (roads and rivers), by the resources available in contrasting environments (marked by plains/mountains complementarity) and by the protohistoric legacy., L’article présente un bilan des connaissances sur les campagnes de la cité des Arvernes entre le IIe s. av. J.-C. et le IIe s. de n.è., en essayant de mettre en lumière l’hétérochronie et les disparités géographiques de leur développement. Il s’interroge sur la pertinence de l’application du concept de développement à l’étude des espaces ruraux, aux rythmes et aux modalités de leur développement au cours de la période considérée, aux échelles de temps et d’espace à l’œuvre dans les processus de développement, et tente de répondre à la question suivante : l’hétérogénéité des espaces ruraux résulte-t-elle d’éventuelles inégalités de développement ou bien d’une meilleure intégration des espaces ruraux au sein d’un système économique basé sur la complémentarité des ressources ? Parmi les facteurs de développement considérés, une attention particulière est portée au rôle joué par les marchés urbains (chef-lieu de cité et agglomérations « secondaires »), les voies de communication (terrestres et fluviales), les ressources disponibles dans des milieux contrastés (complémentarité plaine/montagne) ainsi que l’héritage protohistorique.
- Published
- 2010
46. De la fouille des villages abandonnés à l'archéologie des territoires locaux. L'étude des systèmes d'habitat du haut Moyen Age en France méridionale (Ve-Xe siècle) : nouveaux matériaux, nouvelles interrogations
- Author
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Schneider, Laurent, Laboratoire d'archéologie médiévale méditerranéenne (LAMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Jean Chapelot, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Schneider, Laurent
- Subjects
village ,[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,territoires locaux ,archéologie médiévale ,pouvoirs ,medieval archaeology ,habitat ,castrum ,settlement ,local areas ,forteresse ,[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,fortress ,villa ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,powers ,peuplement - Abstract
Since the founding excavation of the deserted village of Rougiers in Provence, medieval archaeological research concerning the transformation of both settlements as entities and settlement patterns has never ceased evolving and new territories have been explored. The aim of this paper is to lay out the newest research in this field for the South of France by looking at the problems raised by the occupation of roman villae after the 5th century, by exploring the progressive territorialization of rural settlements during the early Middle Ages and by studying the appearance in the years 450 to 550 of numerous hill-top and fortified villages, absent in the written sources. Instead of the typological forms adopted by rural settlements often studied in and of themselves, the advancement of medieval archaeology incites researchers to untangle the skein of medieval socio-spacial connections and question the relationship between the men and the spaces they lived in, from the sites to the region as a whole. In this, the archaeology of local areas explores the legacies and the dynamics of the settlements which, in the long run, became the historical basis of the small territories created around a castle, a church, or a village, and which lead to the current network of 36 683 «communes», a French administrative specificity which never fails to surprise in the modern european landscape., Depuis la fouille fondatrice du village médiéval déserté de Rougiers en Provence, les recherches d'archéologie médiévale consacrées à l'étude des transformations de l'habitat et des systèmes de peuplement n'ont cessé de se développer et d'explorer de nouveaux territoires. Cette contribution évoque les dernières avancées des enquêtes conduites dans ces domaines en France méridionale en examinant tour à tour les problèmes posés par les occupations des villas antiques après le Ve s., par la territorialisation progressive de l'habitat rural au cours du haut Moyen Age ou par l'émergence entre les années 450 et 550 de nombreux sites perchés et fortifiés inconnus des sources écrites. Plutôt que les formes typologiques de l'habitat rural souvent envisagées pour elles-mêmes, l'évolution des pratiques de l'archéologie médiévale conduit d'avantage aujourd'hui à démêler l'écheveau des relations socio-spatiales du Moyen Age pour interroger, entre site et région, les rapports qu'ont entretenus les hommes avec leurs espaces de vie. En cela, l'archéologie des territoires locaux explore les héritages et les dynamiques des plaques de peuplement qui ont construit dans la longue durée les assiettes historiques de ces petits territoires formés auprès d'un château, d'une église, d'un village pour aboutir à ce maillage de 36 683 communes , une spécificité administrative française qui étonne toujours dans le paysage européen contemporain.
- Published
- 2010
47. La céramique Rhin-Suisse-France orientale de Passy 'Richebourg Ouest' : un ensemble du Bronze final IIB dans l'Yonne
- Author
-
Müller, Fabrice, Nicolas, Théophane, Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Trajectoires - UMR 8215, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] ( ARTeHiS ), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives ( INRAP ), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives ( Inrap ), Desbois-Garcia, Sophie, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)
- Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,chronologie ,Pottery ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Rhein-Schweiz-Ostfrankreich ,Late Bronze Age ,habitat ,Spätbronzezeit ,Abbaugrube ,chronology ,Keramik ,Siedlung ,settlement ,[ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,fosse d'extraction ,extraction pit ,Céramique ,typology ,Rhin-Suisse-France Orientale ,Bronze final ,typologie - Abstract
A 1994 archaeological evaluation at Passy «Richebourg» (Yonne) brought to light a pit containing material dating to the second period of the Late Bronze Age. The typochronological analysis of this material has dated it to the Bronze final IIb (well-known period in the East of France). This work is part of a number of short papers allowing us to work on the precise dating of this second period of the Late Bronze Age in the Yonne area., Un diagnostic réalisé en 1994 sur la commune de Passy (Yonne), au lieu-dit «Richebourg Ouest», a révélé une fosse très riche en mobilier attribuable à l'étape moyenne du Bronze final. L'analyse typo-chronologique de ce mobilier permet de l'attribuer au Bronze final IIb (période bien attestée dans l'est de la France). Cet article est la suite d'une série de petites monographies qui nous permettront de travailler sur la périodisation fine de cette étape moyenne du Bronze final dans le département de l'Yonne.
- Published
- 2010
48. La céramique Rhin-Suisse-France Orientale de Malay-le-Grand « Les Bas Musats » : un ensemble de la phase récente du Bronze final IIIa dans l’Yonne
- Author
-
Muller, Fabrice, Nicolas, Théophane, and Auxiette, Ginette
- Subjects
Rhin-Suisse-France-Orientale ,chronologie ,Late Bronze Age ,Spätbronzezeit ,habitat ,pottery ,Abbaugrube ,chronology ,Keramik ,Siedlung ,settlement ,fosse d’extraction ,extraction pit ,rheinisch-schweizerisch-ostfranzösische (RSFO ,Rhin-Suisse-France orientale) ,typology ,Bronze final ,céramique ,typologie - Abstract
Un diagnostic réalisé en 2003 sur la commune de Malay-le-Grand (Yonne) au lieu-dit « Les Bas Musats » a révélé une fosse très riche en mobilier attribuable à l’étape moyenne du Bronze final. L’analyse typo-chronologique de ce mobilier permet de l’attribuer au Bronze final IIIa récent (période bien attestée dans l’est de la France). Cet article ouvre une série de petites monographies qui nous permettra de travailler sur la périodisation fine de cette étape moyenne du Bronze final dans le département de l’Yonne. An evaluation carried out in 2003 at Malay-le-Grand « Les Bas Musats » (Yonne) brought to light a pit with rich finds dating from the middle period of the Late Bronze Age. The typo-chronological analysis pinpoints the date to the Late Bronze Age IIIa (period well known in Eastern France). This paper is the first of a series of studies centred on the detailed periodisation of the middle period of the Late Bronze Age in the Yonne area. Bei einer 2003auf dem Gebiet der Gemeinde Malay-le-Grand (Departement Yonne) am Ort mit dem Flurnamen „Les Bas Musats“ durchgeführten archäologischen Untersuchung wurde eine Grube mit reichem Fundmaterial aufgedeckt, das der mittleren Stufe der Spätbronzezeit zugewiesen werden kann. Die typologische und chronologische Analyse des Mobiliars erlaubt es, dieses in die in Ostfrankreich gut bezeugte späte Phase der Spätbronzezeit IIIa einzuordnen. Der vorliegende Artikel ist der erste einer Reihe von Monographien, die uns Gelegenheit bieten wird die Periodisierung dieser mittlere Stufe der Spätbronzezeit im Departement Yonne zu präzisieren.
- Published
- 2009
49. Histoire et modélisation des dynamiques socio-environnementales holocènes des paysages fluviaux de la Côte d'Azur
- Author
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Bertoncello, Frédérique, Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
settlement ,Côte-d'Azur ,paléogéographie ,Holocene ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Paléoenvironnement ,Palaeoenvironment ,palaeogeography ,French Riviera ,peuplement - Abstract
History and modelling of the socio-environmental dynamics of the fluvial landscapes of Côte-d'Azur (France) during the HoloceneA research program was initiated in 2006 in order to reconstruct the evolution of the coastal hydrosystems of the rivers Argens (Var), Loup, Cagneand Malvan (Alpes-Maritimes) during the Holocene. The paper presents the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental data and the methodsused to apprehend the effects of the landscapes mobility over settlement patterns, and the impact of human occupation over the ecosystems.; Un programme de recherches a été initié en 2006 afin de retracer l'évolution des hydrosystèmes côtiers de l'Argens (Var), du Loup, de la Cagne et du Malvan (Alpes-Maritimes) au cours de l'Holocène. L'article présente les données archéologiques et paléoenvironnementales mobilisées et les méthodes mises en oeuvre pour appréhender les répercussions de la mobilité de ces paysages sur le peuplement et l'impact de l'occupation humaine sur les écosystèmes.
- Published
- 2008
50. La Grande Limagne, les terres noires et l’hydraulique arverne
- Author
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Trément, Frédéric, Trément, Frédéric, Centre d'Histoire 'Espaces et Cultures' (CHEC), and Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])
- Subjects
spatial archaeology ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,haut moyen âge ,Iron Age ,preventive excavations ,contrainte hydrologique ,settlement ,systematic prospections ,[SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies ,marais ,géomorphologie ,Clermont-Ferrand ,fouilles préventives ,antiquité tardive ,Limagne ,[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,haut empire ,Early Middle Ages ,geomorphology ,archéologie spatiale ,marshland ,Early Empire ,Roman period ,prospections systématiques ,Late Antiquity ,âge du fer ,[SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies ,[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,hydrological constraint ,Arvernes ,période romaine ,Arverni ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,peuplement - Abstract
In the area around Clermont-Ferrand systematic prospections and preventive excavations conducted these last few years have revealed a density of population contradicting the idea of a marshland inhospitable to settlers in the protohistoric period and in Antiquity. The apparent homogeneity of the topography, with a very even plain, actually disguises a mosaic of territories. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution of settlement between the First Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages in relation to the hydrological constraint in its complexity, thanks to evolutionary maps of the water system and of land occupation. The spatialisation of geomorphological and archaeological data reveals the link between the forms and density of settlement, the control of the water system and the centralisation of political power in the heart of the Arverni city., Les prospections systématiques et les fouilles préventives conduites ces dernières années dans le bassin de Clermont-Ferrand ont révélé une densité de peuplement incompatible avec l’idée d’un marais répulsif pour l’habitat protohistorique et antique. L’homogénéité apparente qui se dégage de la topographie très plane de la plaine dissimule en fait une mosaïque de terroirs. L’objectif de cette contribution est d'examiner le comportement de l'habitat, entre le Premier Age du Fer et le Haut Moyen-Age, vis-à-vis d'une contrainte hydrologique appréhendée dans toute sa complexité, grâce au croisement de cartes dynamiques des manifestations de l’humidité et de l'occupation du sol. La spatialisation des données géomorphologiques et archéologiques met en évidence le lien entre formes et densité de l’habitat, maîtrise du milieu humide et centralisation du pouvoir politique au cœur de la cité arverne.
- Published
- 2004
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