234 results
Search Results
2. PaperComposer: Creating Interactive Paper Interfaces for Music Composition
- Author
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Carlos Agon, Wendy E. Mackay, Theophanis Tsandilas, Jérémie Garcia, Situated interaction (IN-SITU), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son (STMS), Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-12-CORD-0009,INEDIT,INteractivité dans l'Ecriture De l'Interaction et du Temps(2012)
- Subjects
Contemporary classical music ,Computer science ,Interface (Java) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.5: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)/H.5.2: User Interfaces ,toolkit ,Musical ,computer.software_genre ,music composition ,ACM: H.: Information Systems ,Human–computer interaction ,[INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC] ,Composition (language) ,creativity ,Graphical user interface ,media_common ,Interactive music ,ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.5: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)/H.5.5: Sound and Music Computing ,Multimedia ,business.industry ,Creativity ,ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.5: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI) ,Musical composition ,Interactive paper ,business ,computer - Abstract
National audience; Interactive paper technologies offer new opportunities for supporting the highly individual practices of creative artists, such as contemporary music composers, who express and explore their ideas on both paper and the computer. We introduce PaperComposer, a graphical interface builder that allows users to create a personalized interactive paper interface that they can connect to their own computer-based musical data. We also present an API that facilitates the development of interactive paper components for PaperComposer. We describe one public demonstration of a novel musical interface designed for children and our collaborations with composers to create two novel interactive music interfaces that reflected their individual composition styles.
- Published
- 2014
3. L'Utilisation de l'ordinateur en lexicometrie (The Use of the Computer in Lexicometry). Series B-1.
- Author
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Laval Univ., Quebec (Quebec). International Center for Research on Bilingualism. and Savard, Jean-Guy
- Abstract
This report treats some of the technical difficulties encountered in lexicological studies that were undertaken in order to establish a basic vocabulary. Its purpose is to show that the computer can overcome some of these difficulties, and specifically that computer programming can serve to establish a vocabulary common to scientific and technical languages. The discussion of the advantages of computer programming centers on the following topics: (1) availability, including a description of the compilation and correction of data, indexing, and programming; and (2) general vocabulary that is scientifically oriented, including a description of the process of choosing and identifying words, and the choice and structure of dictionaries. (AMH)
- Published
- 1967
4. L'ordinateur et l'analyse grammaticale (The Computer and Grammatical Analysis). Series B-2.
- Author
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Laval Univ., Quebec (Quebec). International Center for Research on Bilingualism. and Mepham, Michael S.
- Abstract
This discussion of the use of computer programming in syntactic analysis covers three major points: (1) a review of basic notions in automatic grammars; (2) a description of the grammar used in a pilot project which analysed the linguistic content of methods of teaching foreign languages; and (3) proposals on the application of the same techniques to the study of scientific vocabulary. In the first section, automatic, or generative grammar, is defined as one formulated in such a way as to be applied mechanically in the construction of sentences. In this context the discussion deals with the process of analysis of existing sentences, structural description, formulation of rules, structural ambiguity, and the process for applying rules. The second section dealing with methodology covers the development of a system of analysis of texts with the help of a computer. Things to be considered in this context are lexical ambiguity, identification of rules, levels of syntactic analysis, formulation of rules, and paraphrasing of word groups, locutions, clauses, and sentences. The third section discusses techniques used in analysis of methods as these relate to the study of scientific language, with particular emphasis on the question of words and context. (AMH)
- Published
- 1967
5. Learning to design a mobile hunt on Actionbound: a complex task?
- Author
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Delforge, Carole, Van de Vyver, Julie, Meurice, Alice, CALL and complexity – short papers from EUROCALL 2019, Meunier, Fanny, Van de Vyver, Julie, Bradley, Linda, Thouësny, Sylvie, and UCL - SSH/ILC/PLIN - Pôle de recherche en linguistique
- Subjects
Computer science ,Human–computer interaction ,mobile app ,digital literacies ,Indo-European languages ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,reading skills ,gamification ,Second language instruction ,Mobile device ,Task (project management) - Abstract
The research consisted in having an Actionbound mobile hunt for A1 learners of Dutch designed by a group of language Student Teachers (STs) within the framework of a second year course on foreign language teaching. The game was then implemented with two groups of fifth grade primary school pupils during their visit of the Hergé Museum in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. These two steps allowed our multidisciplinary research team to analyse the use of the app from the perspective of not only the players but also the creators of the game. Research data was collected throughout the study via questionnaires, observations, and a focus group. A qualitative analysis of the STs’ data allowed us to establish their digital profiles, thereby situating each of them in the digital integration process. The results suggest that integrating technology and content when designing a pedagogical activity is a complex task. Support and guidance from teacher trainers could therefore be recommended in order to propose a pertinent integration of technologies in the language classroom.
- Published
- 2019
6. Utilisation des citations pour le résumé automatique de la contribution d'articles scientifiques
- Author
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Malenfant, Bruno and Lapalme, Guy
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Natural language ,informatique ,résumé automatique ,Automatic summarization ,Scientific paper analysis ,Linguistic ,Computer science ,linguistique ,langue naturelle ,analyse d'articles scientifiques - Abstract
Cette thèse cherche à construire des outils pour la communauté scientifique. Une des tâches d'un chercheur est la lecture d'articles scientifiques, que ce soit pour les comparer, pour identifier de nouveaux problèmes, pour situer son travail dans la littérature courante ou pour définir des propositions de recherche. Nous avons appliqué, combiné et modifié des techniques de résumé automatique pour la littérature scientifique. L'idée est de construire le résumé à partir de l'information que d'autres chercheurs ont retenue d'un l'article de référence. Plus particulièrement, le texte des citations vers l'article de référence est utilisé pour constituer la base du résumé. Ce résumé est donc construit à partir de l'analyse de plusieurs autres qui le citent. Une citation est un élément qu'un autre auteur (ou le même) a retenu en lisant l'article. À l'intérieur d'une citation, il y a une description des liens entre plusieurs articles. Cette information n'étant pas disponible lors de l'écriture de l'article, cela lui ajoute un niveau d'interprétation et nous donne un indice sur l'apport de l'article à la communauté scientifique. Pour construire le résumé d'un article, nous trouvons tous les articles qui lui font référence à l'aide d'une base de données RDF construite à partir des données de l'ACL Anthology Network. Ensuite, les citations sont extraites et classées selon leur contexte rhétorique. Afin de construire le résumé à l'aide de l'information trouvée, une technique basée sur la Maximal Marginal Relevance choisit certaines phrases parmi les citations en évitant la redondance. Finalement, le résumé est amélioré à l'aide d'extraits du texte original., The goals of this thesis are to build and improve tools for the scientific community. One of the tasks of a researcher is to read scientific papers, in order to compare them, identify new problems, place the work within the current literature or define new research proposals. We applied, combined and modified techniques of automatic summarization for the scientific literature. The underlying idea is to build the summary from the information that other researchers retained from a given paper called a reference paper. More particularly, the text of citations towards the reference paper is used for the base of the summary. The summary of the reference paper will thus be built from the analysis from several others who quote it. A citation is an element which another author (or the same) remembered from reading the paper. Inside a citation, there is a description of the links between several papers. This information was not available when writing the original paper, it thus adds a level of interpretation to the paper. It gives an indication of the contribution of the paper to the scientific community. The set of citations reflects the opinion of the scientific community (community insight). To build the summary of a paper, we find papers which reference to it. For this, we use a RDF database built from the data from the ACL Anthology Network. Then citations are extracted and classified according to their rhetorical context. To build the summary, we use a Maximal Marginal Relevance based technique to choose sentences among citations while avoiding the redundancy. Finally, the summary is improved by adding extracts from the original text.
- Published
- 2018
7. Digital Detectives: A Research Agenda for Consumer Forensics
- Author
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Catalina Goanta
- Subjects
consumer protection ,consumer forensics ,influencer marketing ,digital enforcement ,european private law ,computer science ,Law ,Law of Europe ,KJ-KKZ - Abstract
(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(2), 647-663 | Article | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. – II. Consumer law enforcement through computational investigations. – II.1. The CPC Regulation. – II.2. DSA. – III. Computational Measurements of Influencer Activity: a case study for digital enforcement. – IV. Consumer forensics: a new field for digital detectives. – IV.1. Consolidating data collection and analysis methods for consumer law. – IV.2. Classifying new forms of consumer harms. – IV.3. Developing new approaches to consumer protection. – IV.4. Exploring the legal and ethical implications of consumer forensics. – V. Conclusion. | (Abstract) Effective enforcement on digital markets is one of the most essential considerations for contemporary consumer law and policy. On digital markets, traders engage in very sophisticated commercial practices that are opaque to the average consumer. Online information is necessary for the monitoring of how companies engage in legal compliance, and where public authorities should intervene. This puts a lot of pressure on public administration to develop investigation and enforcement approaches that match the different consumer harms and needs arising out of digital markets. As it is virtually impossible to police technology practices without understanding the technologies and business models behind them, public authorities need to arm themselves with the means necessary to detect digital violations. This Article focuses on the digital enforcement of consumer protection law in the European Union and proposes a new field of research focused on the investigation and enforcement of consumer violations on digital markets in the form of “consumer forensics”. In the author’s opinion, consumer forensics is the answer to the question of how consumer enforcement regulation can become future-proof. As digitalization is rapidly affecting the way in which consumers are protected on the Internet, both the substantive and procedural dimensions of regulatory effectiveness will be impacted by evidence gathering to understand and further prove the existence of new online harms. To show the potential of this topic, the Article will offer some in-depth insights from a very specific topic of administrative scrutiny, namely measuring influencer marketing activities that are relevant for consumer protection.
- Published
- 2023
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8. Modeling of research project management via the process approach
- Author
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Hajar Chekiri and Mohamed Amine M'barki
- Subjects
Process management ,Traceability ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Bridge (nautical) ,Projet de recherche ,Industrial management ,amélioration continue ,Quality (business) ,cartography ,Management indicators ,media_common ,lcsh:LC8-6691 ,lcsh:Special aspects of education ,indicator ,indicateur ,continuous improvement ,General Medicine ,Creativity ,cartographie ,Papers ,process approach ,Research project ,approche processus ,Working environment - Abstract
Le présent article relate une expérience réalisée, dans le cadre de l'UFR Management des organisations, pour la formalisation de la recherche au niveau du DESA Management Industriel et ce en proposant un modêle type piloté via l'approche processus. Certes, la recherche scientifique ne peut, aujourd'hui, qu'être associée à la qualité. Cette derniêre est traduite, dans notre modêle, en une démarche bien décrite et soigneusement évaluée. Le choix de la démarche qualité comme cadre de pilotage de la recherche émane d'un bon esprit d'innovation et de créativité, et notre cartographie en témoigne. Nous avons essayé d'associer à cette approche processus un systême documentaire ayant pour objectif d'assurer la traçabilité et de capitaliser un savoir faire, désormais, intéressant. La mesure était aussi l'un des éléments sur lesquels nous nous sommes penchés. Convaincus de l'importance de l'amélioration continue, des indicateurs de qualité et de gestion ont servis de base pour notre systême de mesure. Simple dans sa conception et riche dans ses apports, ce modêle vient renforcer ce pont entre les questionnements théoriques et les aspects pratiques de la recherche et de proposer un cadre unifié de travail., This article relates an experiment carried out, within the framework of UFR Management of organizations, for the formalization of research at the level of Industrial Management DESA and this by proposing a model model piloted via the process approach. Admittedly, scientific research can today only be associated with quality. The latter is translated, in our model, into a well-described and carefully evaluated process. The choice of the quality approach as the framework for steering research emanates from a good spirit of innovation and creativity, and our mapping shows this. We have tried to associate a documentary system with this process approach, with the aim of ensuring traceability and capitalizing on know-how that is now interesting. Measurement was also one of the things we looked at. Convinced of the importance of continuous improvement, quality and management indicators served as the basis for our measurement system. Simple in its design and rich in its contributions, this model reinforces this bridge between theoretical questions and practical aspects of research and offers a unified working environment.
- Published
- 2015
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9. U-Note : Classe augmentée et Stylo numérique
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Sylvain Malacria, Eric Lecolinet, Malacria, Sylvain, Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Design, Interaction, Visualization & Applications (DIVA), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris
- Subjects
augmented note-taking ,Multimedia ,Computer science ,business.industry ,computer.software_genre ,digital classroom ,Digital media ,Software ,Order (business) ,Human–computer interaction ,[INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC] ,[INFO.INFO-HC] Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC] ,business ,Digital pen ,computer ,Wide gap ,interactive paper - Abstract
National audience; Les salles de classes sont de plus en plus équipées de dispositifs informatiques qui permettent aux enseignants de diffuser des ressources multimédia pendant les cours. Nous avons donc d'une part des enseignants encouragés à diffuser des ressources numériques et d'autre part des élèves qui continuent principalement à prendre des notes sur des cahiers papier traditionnels. Cet article présente un prototype de logiciel de prise de notes augmentée (appelé U-Note) qui s'appuie sur la technologie des sty-los numérique Anoto pour tenter de concilier ces deux types de supports.
- Published
- 2009
10. La qualité des systèmes d'enseignement des sciences et des techniques à l'aune de fondements épistémologiques des sciences cognitives
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Achouaq Aazim and Mohamed Bahra
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chronological seriation ,Computer science ,cognitive shorthand ,sténographie cognitive ,sériation chronologique ,Structuring ,Interactivity ,Cybernetics ,Archetype ,praxeology ,modelization ,modélisation ,lcsh:LC8-6691 ,Conceptualization ,lcsh:Special aspects of education ,Segmentation thématique ,General Medicine ,Blackboard (design pattern) ,Noosphere ,Epistemology ,Praxeology ,Thematic segmentation ,représentation scénique ,Papers ,praxéologie ,stage performance - Abstract
The blackboard is the archetype of the media which hardly accept interactivity. However, although cybernetics has imposed itself since the 1940s as a new paradigm for the conceptualization of cognitive and intellectual activities, school practices remain attached to the blackboard as the main medium in the transmission of knowledge. And although we have passed, at the dawn of this century, from cybernetics to cognitive science, the blackboard, which has become white, still retains its place as an almost essential medium today. The prevalence of the blackboard is such that it is difficult to imagine that the nature of the educational content targeted can determine the appropriate mediums for them and that these could be incompatible with the blackboard. When the content includes dynamic and static, the use of this table makes the first implicit and leaves only the second explicit. The manipulations, in practical work, do not escape the grip of this static didactic approach immanent on the blackboard: these manipulations are most often reduced to simple demonstrations. We are trying to show how there is a very robust, although imperceptible modeling on the part of the noosphere, of the structuring of teaching content according to a single mold, that dictated by the blackboard and that this mold empties these contents of their morpho-dynamic content. The quality of teaching is compromised by this mold., Le tableau noir est l'archétype des médias qui accueillent difficilement l'interactivité. Or, bien que la cybernétique se soit imposée, depuis les années 40 du siêcle dernier, comme nouveau paradigme quant à la conceptualisation des activités cognitives et intellectuelles, les pratiques scolaires restent attachées au tableau noir comme principal médium dans la transmission des savoirs. Et bien qu'on ait passé, à l'aube de ce siêcle, de la cybernétique à la cognitique, le tableau noir, devenu blanc, conserve encore aujourd'hui sa place de médium quasi incontournable. La prégnance du tableau noir est telle qu'il est difficile d'imaginer que la nature des contenus d'enseignement visés puisse déterminer les médiums qui leur sont idoines et que ceux-ci puissent être incompatibles avec le tableau noir. Quand le contenu comporte du dynamique et du statique le recours à ce tableau rend implicite le premier et ne laisse explicite que le second. Les manipulations, en travaux pratiques, n'échappent pas à l'emprise de cet abord didactique statique immanent au tableau noir : ces manipulations se réduisent le plus souvent à de simples monstrations. Nous tentons de montrer en quoi il y a un modelage três robuste, bien qu'imperceptible de la part de la noosphêre, de la structuration des contenus d'enseignement selon un moule unique, celui dicté par le tableau noir et que ce moule vide ces contenus de leur teneur morpho-dynamique. La qualité d'enseignement est hypothéquée par ce moule.
- Published
- 2014
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11. Qu'évalue-t-on quand on met une note à un « projet d'application » dans le module de « gestion de la qualité »
- Author
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Mohamed Amine M'barki
- Subjects
Projet d'Application ,Quality management ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,évaluation ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Audit ,travailler en équipe ,Application Project ,Quality (business) ,Evaluation ,media_common ,indicator ,module Gestion de la Qualité ,team working ,Monitoring and evaluation ,criterion ,EXPOSE ,Engineering management ,Work (electrical) ,self evaluation ,Papers ,auto-évaluation ,Quality Management module ,critère ,indicateur ,Management control system - Abstract
The effectiveness of training in Business Schools must be constantly ensured and improved, which implies knowing how to evaluate it. The evaluation system is therefore an important element in the process of continuous improvement in the quality of training. In this work, we present a study carried out on the students of the fourth year Audit and Management Control of the National School of Commerce and Management in Tangier. The "Application Project" of the Quality Management module is an educational activity which allows students of the Audit and Management Control option to develop knowledge, attitudes and professional skills for managing and solving a problem. Quality within a team. In this study, we expose the approach of training by Application Project, and we answer the main question of our research: How can we carry out a quality evaluation of an Application Project in the Management module quality ? The objectives of this work are: to define a model for the evaluation of the Application Project of the Quality Management module; identify the criteria and indicators for the evaluation; build evaluation grids for an educational project applied to Quality Management and finally improve the quality of the monitoring and evaluation system of the Application Project. In addition, we have designed and implemented procedures and registration forms that consolidate everyone's knowledge, skills, attitudes and contribution., L'efficacité de la formation dans les Ecoles de Commerce doit être sans cesse assurée et améliorée, ce qui suppose de savoir l'évaluer. Le systême d'évaluation est donc un élément important du processus d'amélioration continue de la qualité de la formation. Dans ce travail, nous présentons, une étude réalisée sur les étudiants de la quatriême année Audit et Contrôle de Gestion de l'Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion à Tanger. Le « Projet d'Application » du module Gestion de la Qualité est une activité pédagogique qui permet aux étudiants de, l'option Audit et Contrôle de Gestion, de développer des connaissances, attitudes et habilités professionnelles de gestion et de résolution d'une problématique Qualité à l'intérieur d'une équipe. Dans cette étude, nous exposons la démarche de la formation par Projet d'Application, et nous répondons à la question principale de notre recherche : Comment peut-on procéder à une évaluation de qualité d'un Projet d'Application dans le module de Gestion de la Qualité ? Les objectifs de ce travail sont : définir un modêle pour l'évaluation du Projet d'Application du module Gestion de Qualité ; identifier les critêres et les indicateurs de l'évaluation ; bâtir les grilles d'évaluation pour un projet pédagogique appliqué à la Gestion de la Qualité et enfin améliorer la qualité du systême de suivi et d'évaluation du Projet d'Application. Par ailleurs, nous avons conçu et mis en place des procédures et des formulaires d'enregistrement qui permettent de consolider les connaissances, les habilités, les attitudes et la contribution de chacun.
- Published
- 2013
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12. S'initier à la robotique/informatique en classe de grande section de maternelle. Une expérimentation autour de l'utilisation du robot Blue Bot comme jeux sérieux.
- Author
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BELLEGARDE, KATELL, BOYAVAL, JULIE, and ALVAREZ, JULIAN
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COMPUTER science ,MEDIATION ,KINDERGARTEN ,COMPARATIVE studies ,ROBOTICS ,MIXED reality - Abstract
Copyright of Review of Science Mathematics & ICT Education is the property of Library & Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
13. LES QUOTAS : LEVIER OU FREIN AU DÉROULEMENT DES CARRIÈRES DES FEMMES ? ANALYSE SUITE À UNE ENQUÊTE PRÉLIMINAIRE DANS LE CAS DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR ET LA RECHERCHE EN FRANCE DANS LE DOMAINE DE L'INFORMATIQUE.
- Author
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FAVRE, CÉCILE and TAIN, LAURENCE
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HIGHER education research ,SCIENTIFIC computing ,COMPUTER scientists ,EQUALITY ,HEART - Abstract
This paper presents the preliminary results of a qualitative survey on the implementation of quotas policies, in the context of higher education and research in France, in the field of computer science specifically. Beyond the theoretical controversy over quotas, it is a question of diving into the heart of an environment that we can describe as specific (and of which we will draw some of the specificities), to collect the experience, the words of women, who are computer scientists in the academic environment, in relation to quotas. The main idea is to question the quotas implementation in order to study in which sense these quotas can indeed lead to more professional equality, but also to study the context in which they can slow down this professional equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
14. De la théorie à l'action: Le big data et les épistémologies féministes. De nouvelles méthodes?
- Author
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RICHARD, Ange
- Subjects
ALGORITHMIC bias ,SOCIAL impact ,DATA science ,COMPUTER science ,SCIENTIFIC method - Abstract
Copyright of ESSACHESS is the property of ESSACHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. After All, Artificial Intelligence is not Intelligent: in a Search for a Comprehensible Neuroscientific Definition of Intelligence
- Author
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Sthéfano Divino
- Subjects
artificial intelligence ,computer science ,machine learning ,neuroscience ,Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence ,K1-7720 - Abstract
This paper explores a series of thoughts about the meaning of intelligence in neuroscience and computer science. This work aims to present an understandable definition that fits our contemporary artificial intelligence background. The research methodology of this essay lies in existing theories of artificial intelligence, focused on computer science and neuroscience. I analyze the relationship between intelligence and neuroscience and Hawkin’s Thousand Brains Theory, an approach to show what it is an intelligent agent according to neuroscience. Here, the main result relies on the verification that intelligence is only possible in the neocortex. According to this result, the study performs a second critical analysis aiming to demonstrate why there is no artificial intelligence today.
- Published
- 2022
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16. 3D-Aware Ellipse Prediction for Object-Based Camera Pose Estimation
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Marie-Odile Berger, Matthieu Zins, Gilles Simon, Recalage visuel avec des modèles physiquement réalistes (TANGRAM), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Department of Algorithms, Computation, Image and Geometry (LORIA - ALGO), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique [CNRS], Zins, Matthieu, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Augmentation visuelle d'environnements complexes (MAGRIT-POST), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Algorithms, Computation, Image and Geometry (LORIA - ALGO), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Visual Augmentation of Complex Environments (MAGRIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Sciencesconf.org, CCSD
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Camera pose ,I.4 ,Computer science ,Computation ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,[INFO] Computer Science [cs] ,010501 environmental sciences ,Ellipse ,01 natural sciences ,[INFO.INFO-CV] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV] ,détection d'objets ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,localisation visuelle ,Computer vision ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,Pose ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Ground truth ,ellipse ,business.industry ,65D19 ,Deep learning ,[INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV] ,object detection ,Object (computer science) ,Ellipsoid ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Augmented reality ,Artificial intelligence ,ellipsoid ,ellipsoïde ,business ,Pose de caméra - Abstract
In this paper, we propose a method for coarse camera pose computation which is robust to viewing conditions and does not require a detailed model of the scene. This method meets the growing need of easy deployment of robotics or augmented reality applications in any environments, especially those for which no accurate 3D model nor huge amount of ground truth data are available. It exploits the ability of deep learning techniques to reliably detect objects regardless of viewing conditions. Previous works have also shown that abstracting the geometry of a scene of objects by an ellipsoid cloud allows to compute the camera pose accurately enough for various application needs. Though promising, these approaches use the ellipses fitted to the detection bounding boxes as an approximation of the imaged objects. In this paper, we go one step further and propose a learning-based method which detects improved elliptic approximations of objects which are coherent with the 3D ellipsoid in terms of perspective projection. Experiments prove that the accuracy of the computed pose significantly increases thanks to our method and is more robust to the variability of the boundaries of the detection boxes. This is achieved with very little effort in terms of training data acquisition -- a few hundred calibrated images of which only three need manual object annotation. Code and models are released at https://github.com/zinsmatt/3D-Aware-Ellipses-for-Visual-Localization., Comment: Presented at 3DV 2020. Code and models released at https://github.com/zinsmatt/3D-Aware-Ellipses-for-Visual-Localization
- Published
- 2021
17. Connaissances du contenu et connaissances technologiques des enseignants en Informatique en milieu francophone.
- Author
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KOMIS, VASSILIS, BACHY, SYLVIANE, GOLETTI, OLIVIER, PARRIAUX, GABRIEL, RAFALSKA, MARYNA, and LAVIDAS, KONSTANTINOS
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COMPUTER science ,COMPUTER science education ,LANGUAGE teachers ,PROGRAMMING languages - Abstract
Copyright of Review of Science Mathematics & ICT Education is the property of Library & Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
18. La carrière de Pierre Bézier chez Renault (1933-1975)
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Michel, Alain P.
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CADM ,numérique ,commande ,digital ,biography ,informatique ,biographie ,computer science ,CFAO ,electromecanical ,électromécanique ,innovation ,machine control - Abstract
Cet article présente le cas de Pierre Bézier (1910-1999), un ingénieur issu des Arts et Métiers puis de l’École supérieure d’électricité qui a fait toute sa carrière (1933-1975) dans l’entreprise automobile Renault. Bézier a été tour à tour l’artisan d’une forme originale d’automatisation (1947), un pionnier en Europe de la commande numérique (1958), puis l’un des fondateurs, à l’échelle mondiale, de l’informatique industrielle (1966). Les « courbes et surfaces de Bézier » sont au fondement de la Conception et fabrication assistées par ordinateur (CFAO) qui ont réorganisé le design, la production de série et notre monde virtuel. Pourquoi cet innovateur important est-il resté un « inconnu célèbre » ? En confrontant les archives de l’entreprise aux documents conservés par l’un de ses ingénieurs l’article mesure le destin d’un électromécanicien de génie à l’aune de l’évolution d’une usine. Il montre qu’un parcours individuel peut requestionner le passé d’une entreprise. Comment une biographie sert-elle l’histoire globale ? This paper presents the case-study of Pierre Bézier (1910-1999) a former student of the École des arts et métiers then of the École supérieure d’électricité who spent his entire career (1933-1975) as an engineer in the Renault car company. Bézier was alternately the architect of an original form of automation (1947), a pioneer in Europe of digital control (1958), and last, one of the world founders of industrial computing (1966). The “Bézier curves and surfaces” are the roots of Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CADM) that have reorganized industrial drawing, mass production and our virtual world. Why has this key engineer remained an “unknown celebrity”? By comparing the company’s archives with the engineer’s personal documents, the paper measures the fate of a brilliant electromechanical innovator by the yardstick of his factory’s transformations. It shows how the story of a person can renew our understanding of the past of a firm. How can a biography serve global history?
- Published
- 2020
19. What Makes Geeks Tick? A Study of Stack Overflow Careers
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Tingting Nian, Luis M. B. Cabral, Lei Xu, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California, New York University [New York] (NYU), and NYU System (NYU)
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Online public goods ,050208 finance ,Computer science ,Strategy and Management ,05 social sciences ,Management Science and Operations Research ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Voluntary contribution ,Signaling ,World Wide Web ,0502 economics and business ,Stack overflow ,050207 economics ,B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE ,Career concerns - Abstract
Many online platforms rely on users to voluntarily provide content. What motivates users to contribute content for free, however, is not well understood. In this paper, we use a revealed-preference approach to show that career concerns play an important role in user contributions to Stack Overflow, the largest online question-and-answer community. We investigate how activities that can enhance a user’s reputation vary before and after the user finds a new job. We contrast this reputation-generating activity with activities that do not improve a user’s reputation. After finding a new job, users contribute 23.7% less in reputation-generating activity; by contrast, they reduce their non–reputation-generating activity by only 7.4%. These findings suggest that users contribute to Stack Overflow in part because they perceive such contributions as a way to improve future employment prospects. We provide direct evidence against alternative explanations such as integer constraints, skills mismatch, and dynamic selection effects. This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
- Published
- 2020
20. A distributed, probabilistic, hysteretic, retroactive algorithm to locally weaken the CAP/Brewer’s theorem when reading data on a distributed computer system
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FAUVELLE, Jean-Philippe, FAUVELLE, Jean-Philippe, Airbus Defence & Space [Elancourt] (Airbus group), and EDILE SAS
- Subjects
[INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB] ,Concurrent computing ,Partition tolerance ,[INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS] ,[INFO.INFO-SE] Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE] ,CAP theorem ,Availability ,[INFO.INFO-DS] Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS] ,[INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE] ,Computer science ,Distributed computing ,[INFO.INFO-PF]Computer Science [cs]/Performance [cs.PF] ,[INFO.INFO-IT]Computer Science [cs]/Information Theory [cs.IT] ,[INFO.INFO-PF] Computer Science [cs]/Performance [cs.PF] ,[INFO.INFO-DC] Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC] ,[INFO.INFO-DB] Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB] ,Consistency ,[INFO.INFO-IT] Computer Science [cs]/Information Theory [cs.IT] ,[INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC] ,Brewer's theorem - Abstract
Full understanding of this paper requires expertise in computer science, software engineering and algorithmics.; The CAP (Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance) also known as Brewer's theorem, states that it is impossible, on a distributed computer system, to guarantee at the same time the three qualities mentioned above. This issue affects all existing distributed engines and systems, which forces the administrators of these engines and systems to favor two qualities to the detriment of a third, when possible, despite the consequences. This paper technically and formally describes an inventive algorithm to locally weaken the said theorem when reading the data. This process combines three elements: a real-time system of key-value pairs distributed in memory cloud; a multi-planar index with concurrency avoidance; a distributed consolidated reading method called "LC4" based on a hysterical retroactive probabilistic effect. This inventive algorithm was implemented and tested successfully, jointly with a second invention playing the role of an application delivery controller (“A heuristic algorithm imitating social behaviours for intelligent routing of application flows” ⟨hal-02471814⟩ https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02471814). Full understanding of this paper requires expertise in computer science, software engineering and algorithmics.
- Published
- 2020
21. Predicting agreement and disagreement in the perception of tempo
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Ugo Marchand, Geoffroy Peeters, ircam, ircam, Analyse et synthèse sonores [Paris], Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son (STMS), and Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph] ,tempo estimation ,[SPI.ACOU] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph] ,tempo agreement ,Computer science ,Energy (esotericism) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Speech recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,Agreement ,030507 speech-language pathology & audiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,tempo disagreement ,Perception ,[INFO.INFO-SD]Computer Science [cs]/Sound [cs.SD] ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Active listening ,NA ,perceptual tempo ,0305 other medical science ,Set (psychology) ,[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing ,media_common ,[SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing - Abstract
International audience; In the absence of a music score, tempo can only be defined by its perception by users. Thus recent studies have focused on the estimation of perceptual tempo defined by listening experiments. So far, algorithms have only been proposed to estimate the tempo when people agree on it. In this paper, we study the case when people disagree on the perception of tempo and propose an algorithm to predict this disagreement. For this, we hypothesize that the perception of tempo is correlated to a set of variations of various viewpoints on the audio content: energy, harmony, spectral-balance variations and short-term-similarity-rate. We suppose that when those variations are coherent, a shared perception of tempo is favoured and when they are not, people may perceive different tempi. We then propose several statistical models to predict the agreement or disagreement in the perception of tempo from these audio features. Finally, we evaluate the models using a test-set resulting from the perceptual experiment performed at Last-FM in 2011.
- Published
- 2013
22. Système radar FMCW pour l'identification de transpondeurs
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Stephane Meric, Christian Brousseau, Claude Moullec, Nizar Bouhlel, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Advanced Radio Solutions (ADVANTEN), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Continuous-wave radar ,Identification (information) ,[SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism ,Computer science ,Physics::Space Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Transponder ,Remote sensing ,[SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics - Abstract
International audience; In this paper, we deal with a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar used for localizing and tracking targets by frequency evaluation of the received radar beat signal. We consider the transponder as target and we achieve an identification application through frequency identification thanks to the shift frequency induced by the active target. The localization performance of FMCW radars based on radio-identification in the range (SHF) are presented and studied. Simulations and measurements complete the paper.; Dans cet article, nous traitons d'un système radar à onde continue à modulation de fréquence (FMCW) utilisé pour localiser et suivre des cibles par l'évaluation de la fréquence du signal de battement radar reçu. Nous considérons un transpondeur linéaire comme cible et nous réalisons une identification de cible grâce à la fréquence de décalage induite par cette cible active. Les performances de localisation des radars FMCW basés sur la radio-identification dans la gamme (SHF) sont présentées et étudiées. Des simulations et des mesures viennent compléter le papier.
- Published
- 2018
23. Jouer dans un monde informatisé : l’imaginaire informatique dans les jeux de rôle cyberpunk
- Author
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Isabelle Périer
- Subjects
lcsh:Language and Literature ,capitalisme ,media_common.quotation_subject ,050801 communication & media studies ,imaginaire ,computer science ,role playing games ,cyberpunk ,power ,0508 media and communications ,0502 economics and business ,informatique ,jeu de rôle ,capitalism ,magie ,media_common ,05 social sciences ,General Engineering ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,Art ,imaginary ,puissance ,lcsh:P ,magc ,Humanities ,050203 business & management ,magic - Abstract
Cet article se propose d’analyser l’évolution de l’imaginaire informatique entre la fin des années 80 et les années 2010 au travers de l’étude de deux mondes fictionnels de jeu de rôle appartenant au genre du cyberpunk : Cyberpunk et Shadowrun. Après une rapide présentation de ces deux mondes fictionnels, il se livre dans un premier temps à l’étude des évolutions de l’imaginaire informatique constatées entre les différentes éditions de ces jeux afin de souligner deux idées importantes : la révolution que constitue un monde informatique sans fil et le paradoxe entre une démocratisation et une complexification de l’informatique. Dans un second temps, il s’efforce de dégager les grandes permanences de cet imaginaire informatique en montrant qu’il se cristallise autour des notions de capitalisme, de puissance, de violence et d’une étrange similitude entre magie et informatique. This paper aims to study how computer imaginary evolved from the end of the eighties until our days. To achieve this, we’ll scrutinize two famous cyberpunk pen and paper role playing game’s fictional worlds : Cyberpunk and Shadowrun. After a short description of those fictional worlds, we’ll study how computer imaginary evolved through the many editions of those RPG to emphasize two main ideas : the revolution of wireless hardware and the paradoxical democratization and complexity of computers. After which, we’ll show the permanence and consistency of some notions and representations : how computers are linked to capitalism and the idea of power or violence, and how computers are often related to the idea of magic.
- Published
- 2017
24. Objets du quotidien pour interagir avec des environnements multi- écrans publics
- Author
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Houssem Saidi, Emmanuel Dubois, Marcos Serrano, Etude de L’Interaction Personne SystèmE (IRIT-ELIPSE), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and AFIHM
- Subjects
Public multi-displays environments ,Interaction tangible ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Creativity ,everyday objects ,ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.5: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI) ,Human–computer interaction ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Tangible Interaction ,Objets du quotidien ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Session (computer science) ,[INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC] ,Environnements multi-écrans publics ,050107 human factors ,media_common - Abstract
TEC - Travaux en Cours; International audience; Multi-display environments (MDE) are becoming more and more common in public areas. They are mainly used to display information due to the limited interaction possibilities they offer. In this paper, we study how using everyday objects, available on or around users, could improve interaction with public multi-display environments. To this end, we conducted a study, in the form of a creativity session, to understand how participants would use everyday objects, to realize the most usual tasks in public MDEs. The results of this study are presented and discussed in this paper.; Les environnements multi-écrans (EME) se multiplient dans les lieux publics. Les possibilités d’interaction qu’ils offrent étant limitées, ils sont principalement utilisés pour afficher de l’information. Dans cet article, nous étudions comment les objets du quotidien, disponibles sur ou autour des utilisateurs, pourraient porter l’interaction avec les environnements multi-écrans publics. Cette approche fait émerger des solutions pour des interactions rapides, opportunistes et naturelles, ce qui répond aux besoins liés à ce type d’environnements (publics et peu sécurisés). Nous avons réalisé une séance de créativité à laquelle ont participé 8 personnes. Le but de cette séance était d’étudier la manière avec laquelle les participants exploiteraient différentes catégories d'objets du quotidien pour réaliser plusieurs tâches d’interaction avec des EME.
- Published
- 2017
25. Articuler histoire et informatique, enseignement et recherche : le PIREH de l’université Panthéon-Sorbonne
- Author
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Léo Dumont, Octave Julien, and Stéphane Lamassé
- Subjects
history ,history of the digital humanities ,collaboration ,computer science ,teaching ,quantitative methods ,History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ,AZ20-999 - Abstract
The Center for Computing in History (Pôle informatique de recherche et d’enseignement en histoire, PIREH) of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University is rooted in a tradition of using statistics and computer sciences in History since the creation of this university in 1971. This paper first presents the people involved in this field at Paris 1 in the 1970-1980s, their teaching, and their work (journals, software), by replacing them in the intellectual and technical context of the time. The creation of the PIREH in 1999 reinforced this movement and structured a curriculum based on the use of databases, text analysis and factorial analysis in History. Since the late 1990s, the activity of the PIREH is diversifying, in response to the development of the Web, to the availability of new and more accessible computing tools, and to several interdisciplinary collaborations. By retracing this history, one can better grasp the specific use the PIREH makes of computing for teaching and researching History.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Entre a arquivologia e outras disciplinas: promessas de interdisciplinaridade?
- Author
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Angelica Alves da Cunha Marques and Natália Bolfarini Tognoli
- Subjects
Archival Science ,Computer Science ,Information Science ,Diplomatics ,History ,Interdisciplinarity ,Bibliography. Library science. Information resources - Abstract
This paper results from concerns about the history of uni/bi/multilateral relationships between Archival Science and other disciplines and about the tendency to naturalize interdisciplinarity as an intrinsic characteristic of disciplines in the contemporaneity. By questioning the rejection of relation between Archival Science and other disciplines on behalf of its scientific autonomy, as well as part of other discipline as a technique, we intend to shed light on the relationships that Archival Science has established (or not) with other disciplines in pursuing its scientific autonomy. Both sides instigate us to resume some concepts of interdisciplinarity and its ramifications aiming to understand the relations between Archival Science and other disciplines in its path of scientific development. Through a literature review we introduce some historical landmarks of Diplomatics, History, Computer Science and Information Science which we believe have a strong relationship with Archival Science. The results demonstrate an interdisciplinary relation between Archival Science and Diplomatics, and relations more specific with the other disciplines.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The influence of moral sensitivity on organizational cooperation
- Author
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Benoit Gaudou, Oswaldo Terán, Christophe Sibertin-Blanc, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Universidad de Los Andes (VENEZUELA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Centro de Simulación y Modelos (CESIMO - ULA), Universidad de Los Andes [Venezuela] (ULA), Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
- Subjects
Value (ethics) ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,050109 social psychology ,Social systems ,Modelling ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Originality ,050602 political science & public administration ,Computer Science (miscellaneous) ,Organizational structures ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,H- INFORMATIQUE ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Game theory ,media_common ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,16. Peace & justice ,Morality ,Modélisation et simulation ,[INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation ,0506 political science ,Epistemology ,Free rider problem ,Action (philosophy) ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Social system ,Organizational structure ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Decision making ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Simulation - Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present how to model moral sensitivity and emotions in organizational setting by using the SocLab formal framework. SocLab is a platform for the modelling, simulation and analysis of cooperation relationships within social organizations – and more generally Systems of Organized Action. Design/methodology/approach – Simulation results, including an interesting tendency for a Free Rider model, will be given. Considering that actors’ decision-making processes are not just driven by instrumental interest, the SocLab learning simulation algorithm has been extended to represent moral sensitivity, making actors trying to prevent bad emotions and feel good ones. Findings – Some simulation results about actors’ collaboration and emotions in a Free Rider model were presented. A noteworthy tendency is that actors’ unconditional collaboration, which occurs when their moral sensitivity reaches its highest value, is not so good since it exempts other actors from collaboration (they take advantage from the unconditional collaboration), while values of moral sensitivity somewhat below the highest value (between 0.7 and 0.9) still induces collaboration from others. Originality/value – The research and results presented in this paper have not been presented in other papers or workshops. The presented quantitative definition of emotions (determining indexes of emotions) is different to previous approaches – for instance, to Ortony, Clore and Collins (OCC) qualitative descriptions and to logical descriptions. Similarly, simulation of morality in organizations is a new research field, which has received scarce attention up to now.
- Published
- 2015
28. Résilience des systèmes interactifs: contribution par une architecture tolérante aux fautes
- Author
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Jean-Charles Fabre, Yannick Deleris, Martin Cronel, David Navarre, Camille Fayollas, Eric Barboni, Philippe Palanque, Interactive Critical Systems (IRIT-ICS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Tolérance aux fautes et Sûreté de Fonctionnement informatique (LAAS-TSF), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Airbus Operation S.A.S., Airbus [France], Projets FENICS financé par CORAC, Airbus R&D - Display System X31WD1107313, AFIA : Association Francophone d'Interaction Homme-Machine, Université Lille 1, INRIA Lille - Nord Europe, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)
- Subjects
Interactive computing ,Computer science ,Window manager ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,Software Architecture ,Component (UML) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Transient (computer programming) ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,[INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC] ,Resilience (network) ,050107 human factors ,Resilience ,Critical Interactive Systems ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,020207 software engineering ,Fault tolerance ,Fault-tolerance ,Software bug ,Embedded system ,Software architecture ,business ,computer - Abstract
National audience; Research contributions to improve interactive systems reliability as, for now, mainly focused towards fault occurrence prevention by removing software bugs at development time. However, Interactive Systems complexity is so high that whatever efforts are deployed at development time, faults and failures occur at operation time. Root causes of such failures may be due to transient hardware faults or (when systems are used in high atmosphere) may be so called "natural faults" triggered by alpha particles in processors or neutrons from cosmic radiations. This paper proposes an exhaustive identification of faults to be handled in order to improve interactive systems reliability. As currently no research has been carried out in the field of interactive systems to detect and remove natural faults, this paper proposes a software architecture providing fault-tolerant mechanisms dedicated to interactive systems. More precisely, the paper how such architecture addresses the various component of interactive applications namely widgets, user application and window manager. These concepts are demonstrated through a case study from the domain of interactive cockpits of large civil aircrafts. \; La recherche pour améliorer la fiabilité des systèmes interactifs s’est, pour l’instant, principalement dirigée vers la prévention d’introduction de fautes par la suppression des bugs lors du développement. Cependant, la complexité des systèmes interactifs est telle que, quels que soient ces efforts, des défaillances apparaissent lors de leur utilisation. Les causes de telles défaillances peuvent être dues à des pannes matérielles intermittentes ou (quand ces systèmes sont utilisés en haute altitude (avions, véhicules spatiaux …) être déclenchées par des fautes naturelles dues aux particules alpha dans les processeurs ou aux neutrons issus des radiations cosmiques. Cet article propose l’identification exhaustive des problématiques se posant pour améliorer la fiabilité des systèmes interactifs en prenant en compte à la fois les erreurs faites dans les phases de développement et les fautes qui peuvent se produire lors de leur utilisation. Du fait qu’aucune recherche n’a été menée à ce jour pour détecter et éliminer les fautes naturelles, l’article propose aussi une architecture logicielle pour intégrer des mécanismes de tolérance aux fautes dans les systèmes interactifs. L’article présente en particulier comment cette architecture couvre les différents composants d’un système interactif incluant les widgets, le gestionnaire de fenêtres et l’application interactive. Ces concepts sont mis en œuvre sur une application interactive de cockpits d’avions civils.
- Published
- 2014
29. AT et la sémantique des prépositions
- Author
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Dominique Boulonnais
- Subjects
lcsh:Language and Literature ,Computer science ,Semantics (computer science) ,Verb ,prepositions ,Linguistics ,Meaning (philosophy of language) ,Noun ,conative alternation ,lcsh:P ,General Materials Science ,AT ,Argument (linguistics) ,Element (category theory) ,Control (linguistics) ,Adjective - Abstract
This paper examines the semantics of AT in English, with a view to accounting for the way prepositional constructions are learned in a usage-based approach to language.Prepositions in their primary uses are shown to be both case and theta-role assigners, whose distribution in language use is semantically determined by their core value. The latter is established through the analogical processes which control the development of variables in the corresponding prepositional constructions.It is argued that AT has two main uses : an autonomous use in which the PP denotes a spatial or temporal adimensional landmark (there/then) and a dependent one in which the PP becomes part of a construction headed by a governing element, verb, adjective or noun (at + pronoun). AT PPs can instantiate three argument positions, Trigger, Target and Domain, depending on the governing element.The paper also discusses two values which are commonly associated with AT in governed PPs, namely aggressiveness and incompleteness, to show that neither can be considered as part of the core meaning of the preposition.
- Published
- 2014
30. Du crayon au stylo numérique : influences des IHM à stylo et des interprétations numériques sur l'activité graphique en tâches de conception
- Author
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Pierre Leclercq, Stéphane Safin, and Roland Juchmes
- Subjects
[INFO:INFO_HC] Informatique/Interface homme-machine ,Engineering drawing ,Design stage ,Computer science ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,Architectural design ,[INFO:INFO_HC] Computer Science/Human-Computer Interaction ,sketches interpretation ,digital sketches ,Visual arts - Abstract
Our research is embedded in the framework of the development of free-hand drawing-based computer assisted architectural design environment. In this paper, we study the activity of drawings duplication, observed during the paper changes in the phase of preliminary sketching. We aim at identifying the impacts of two digital sketches environments, with or without drawings interpretation, on this activity and on the graphical productions. We observe six activities, two with paper-pencil and four distributed on our two prototypes, and draw some operational conclusions for the development of software designed to support the architectural sketches in the preliminary design stage.
- Published
- 2014
31. Les réseaux de personnages de science-fiction : échantillons de lectures intermédiaires
- Author
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Yannick Rochat and Mathieu Triclot
- Subjects
character ,graph theory ,reading level ,representation ,computer science ,Language and Literature - Abstract
This paper introduces a way of studying science fiction works using mathematical methods grounded in graph theory. Our approach combines close and distant reading in order to describe the structural roles of characters, as they appear in the network built from their co-occurrences in the text. This study includes three main results. The first consists in the introduction of « middle reading », a method combining close and distant reading to analyze character systems in works of fiction. It relies on network visualization together with mathematical concepts like centrality or cluster detection. The second result consists in a typology of the works composing the corpus, based on the structure of their character networks. The third result is a reading proposal based on character qualification as scientist, technician or politician. This approach adds a dimension to these characters networks, thus allowing a richer interpretation of characters systems.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Revolução informacional, novas tecnologias e consumo imediatista
- Author
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Raimundo Nonato de Araujo Soares Neto
- Subjects
production ,consumption ,technology ,computer science ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 ,Political science ,Social Sciences - Abstract
his paper is a discussion on the emergence of consumer behavior and trends very peculiar concurrently to an accelerated development of information technology and communication. We highlight how the tilt to customize products and services, developed in a time of economic prominence of innovation in production due to the continuous development of technology and microelectronics-based computer that came with the call and informational technology revolution and still is in full progress. We also present the main elements of Lipovetsky about new configurations of current society, their views on the technological progress in setting up this scenario, and as this author points out the reactions and ways of life of individuals, or as he calls it: hiperindivíduos, before the webs of consumption.
- Published
- 2014
33. Hallo! Voulez vous luncher avec moi hüt? Le 'code switching' dans la communication par SMS
- Author
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Simona Pekarek Doehler
- Subjects
Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,050801 communication & media studies ,Interpersonal communication ,Speech community ,German ,0508 media and communications ,Affection ,media_common ,060201 languages & linguistics ,Communication ,Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar ,P101-410 ,Character (computing) ,business.industry ,Repertoire ,05 social sciences ,06 humanities and the arts ,Linguistics ,language.human_language ,Focus (linguistics) ,Swiss German Language ,0602 languages and literature ,language ,Computational linguistics. Natural language processing ,P98-98.5 ,business - Abstract
Within the last two decades, text messaging by means of SMS has become a central tool of communication around the globe. The use of more than one language for composing a message is wide spread, but, to this day, is relatively underrepresented in research. This paper presents an analysis of the plurilingual nature of SMS communication in Switzerland with the limelight on the forms and functions of code-switching within a set of 345 messages, base language of which is French. Results show that SMS users regularly exhibit code-switching even if they are not members of a bilingual speech community. Code-switching most frequently consists of inserts, i.e. embeddings of single items or combinations of items within a message composed in another language, and this typically involves (only) a limited range of routinized expressions. While English is the most frequently used language for code-switching, German, Swiss German, Spanish and Italian are also recurrent, the latter two being particularly associated with terms of endearment. Code-switching regularly highlights the expression of actions that have a strong interpersonal (phatic) focus, such as greetings, good-byes or thanks. It elucidates the expressive character of the messages, and is also associated with the expression of affection. The specificity of the plurilingual SMS repertoire is discussed in the paper's conclusion.
- Published
- 2013
34. Designing empathy: the role of a control room in an elearning environment
- Author
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Marie Cambone, Annie Gentes, Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Télécom ParisTech-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Télécom ParisTech, Centre Norbert Elias (CNELIAS), and École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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User interfaces ,Design ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,[SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences ,Distance education ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Empathy ,02 engineering and technology ,E-learning ,[SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology ,Education ,Control room ,Human–computer interaction ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Computer Science (miscellaneous) ,Semiotics ,Distance learning ,021106 design practice & management ,media_common ,Internet ,Virtual class ,Virtual learning environment ,Interactive technology ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,Feeling ,Smart education ,User interface - Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the challenge of designing an interface for a virtual class, where being represented together contributes to the learning process. It explores the possibility of virtual empathy.Design/methodology/approachThe challenges are: How can this feeling of empathy be recreated through a delicate staging of location and interactions? How can the feeling of togetherness be organized in a 3D environment without creating a feeling of distraction? What are the tools of empathy in a mediated situation? The authors propose to use the concept of “contradictory semiotic analysis” to describe the design process that taps into visual cultures to build a representation and tools that support users' empathetic interactions. The analysis of designers' work from a semiotic point of view shows that they do not necessarily paint after life but play with different media and representations to build “remediated” situations of use.FindingsThe paper introduces the concept of “control room” elaborated after Manovich's control panel, to describe the visual interface that supports a diversity of points of view, hence supporting mediated empathetic relationships.Originality/valueThe paper answers the design questions: how can the system of representation support the feeling of empathy amongst participants through a delicate staging of space, people and of interactions within this space? How can a participant get, first, a feeling of togetherness and, second, a feeling of empathy with other participants? The design methodology is explained based on a “contradictory semiotic analysis” made of the comparison with similar platforms and with other modalities of empathy in different media. Second, the design proposition is described. Third, the design challenges that this type of production entails are discussed and the difficulties faced during the design process are analyzed.
- Published
- 2013
35. Autonomic Protocol-based Coordination in Dynamic Inter-Organizational Workflow
- Author
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Eric Andonoff, Wassim Bouaziz, Sogeti (FRANCE), Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
- Subjects
Collaborative software ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,business.industry ,Distributed computing ,Agent protocol ,Context (language use) ,Système multi-agents ,02 engineering and technology ,Internet Standard ,Workflow engine ,Workflow ,Software agent ,[INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA] ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,business ,H- INFORMATIQUE ,Protocol (object-oriented programming) ,Dynamic inter-organizational workflow ,Autonomic coordination - Abstract
International audience; Given the maturity of Internet standards, inter-organizational workflow is expected to be deployed in environments that are more dynamic and open than before. This paper addresses Inter Organizational Workflow (IOW) coordination in such a context, mainly investigating autonomic coordination managed at run-time. It is based on the idea that an agent-based approach is suitable to deal with this issue. More precisely, this paper introduces a framework for dynamic IOW in which involved processes are encapsulated into agents, called Process Agents (PA) in order to give them the capability to autonomously decide with whom, when and how to cooperate, and in which involved processes can access protocol components for their coordination needs. Our approach is based on the capability of PAs in playing different coordination protocols in order to take part in new business opportunities. This solution has numerous advantages. First, it provides extendable and reusable coordination components. Then, it supports run-time protocol integration. Finally, it eases openness since it imposes very few constraints.
- Published
- 2013
36. Des dictionnaires éditoriaux aux représentations XML standardisées
- Author
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Mathieu Mangeot, Chantal Enguehard, Groupe d’Étude en Traduction Automatique/Traitement Automatisé des Langues et de la Parole (GETALP), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Nantes Atlantique (LINA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN), Gala, Nuria and Zock, Michael, Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
060201 languages & linguistics ,computer.internet_protocol ,Computer science ,Lexicology ,06 humanities and the arts ,02 engineering and technology ,XSLT ,computer.file_format ,XML ,[INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL] ,World Wide Web ,Resource (project management) ,Electronic dictionary ,0602 languages and literature ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Lexical Markup Framework ,LMF ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Resource management ,SGML ,computer ,DiLAF ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
International audience; Create an electronic dictionary from scratch is an expensive job because this task mobilizes over a long period, the work of skilled contributors, if not in lexicology, at least in linguistics. The use of specialized computer tools is essential for resources used by programs in natural language processing. When the socio-economic environment does not gather the necessary resources to the drafting of an electronic dictionary and printed dictionaries exist, these dictionaries are an important resource that can be used to initialize the creation of electronic lexical resources. This paper presents theoretical and practical aspects concerning the conversion of publishing dictionaries to electronic lexical resources. It takes into account the issue of limited economic resources, technology and the availability of qualified persons. Our field experiments concerns under-resourced languages mainly in Southeast Asia (Khmer, Malay, Vietnamese) and the Sahel (Bambara, Hausa, Kanuri, Tamajaq, Zarma), as most of the examples and socio-linguistic situations described in the paper relate to these areas. After a brief history devoted to the formats of electronic dictionaries (SGML, XML, XSLT and CSS), we present two standards that are dedicated to them (Text Encoding Initiative and Lexical Markup Framework). The issue of under-resourced languages is exposed and is followed by some examples concerning published dictionaries. The main technical challenges are detailed like the lack of standardization of the alphabets used and special characters (outside the traditional latin range). The conversion methodology is outlined and then detailed. The conversion to a bridge format in XML can be done by regular expressions or using specialized tools. Then, the bridge format is converted into the target format in LMF. The last part is dedicated to the consultation of resources through an online platform resource management.
- Published
- 2013
37. Dynamics of Relative Agreement in Multiple Social Contexts
- Author
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Luis Antunes, Frédéric Amblard, Davide Nunes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Universidade de Lisboa - ULisboa (PORTUGAL), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Laboratory of Agent Modelling - LabMAg (Lisbon, Portugal), Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
- Subjects
Consensus ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,Relative agreement ,Social contexts ,01 natural sciences ,Social networks ,050105 experimental psychology ,Ideal (ethics) ,[INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI] ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Social space ,0103 physical sciences ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,H- INFORMATIQUE ,Opinion dynamics ,Social simulation ,Structure (mathematical logic) ,Social network ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Intelligence artificielle ,16. Peace & justice ,Data science ,Social relation ,Artificial intelligence ,Bounded confidence ,business ,Social structure - Abstract
National audience; In real world scenarios, the formation of consensus is an self-organisation process by which actors have to make a joint assessment about a target subject being it a decision making problem or the formation of a collective opinion. In social simulation, models of opinion dynamics tackle the opinion formation phenomena. These models try to make an assessment, for instance, of the ideal conditions that lead an interacting group of agents to opinion consensus, polarisation or fragmentation. In this paper, we investigate the role of social relation structure in opinion dynamics using an interaction model of relative agreement. We present an agent-based model that defines social relations as multiple concomitant social networks and apply our model to an opinion dynamics model with bounded confidence. We discuss the influence of complex social network topologies where actors interact in multiple relations simultaneously. The paper builds on previous work about social space design with multiple contexts and context switching, to determine the influence of such complex social structures in a process such as opinion formation.
- Published
- 2013
38. Some tests of adaptivity for the AS4DR scheduler
- Author
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Daniel Millot, Christian Parrot, Département Informatique (INF), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP)
- Subjects
Computer science ,Heterogeneous platform ,Distributed computing ,Processor scheduling ,Workload ,Parallel application ,Scheduling (computing) ,Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling ,Memory architecture ,Distributed memory ,Adaptive scheduling ,[INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC] ,Unspecified distributed memory platform ,Multi-round divisible load scheduling - Abstract
International audience; This paper presents some tests of adaptivity for the AS4DR (Adaptive Scheduling for Distributed Resources) scheduler. The objective of AS4DR is to maximize the CPU use efficiency when executing divisible load applications on heterogeneous distributed memory platforms. Furthermore, this scheduler can operate when the total workload is unknown and when the execution parameters (available communication speed, available computing speed, etc.) are unspecified or may vary through time.The paper analyzes results obtained when simulating AS4DR scheduling on platforms characterized by such type of execution parameters.
- Published
- 2012
39. Amélioration du circuit visuel des contrôleurs aériens pour relier les données entre visualisations en utilisant des transitions animées
- Author
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Stéphane Conversy, Maxime Cordeil, Christophe Hurter, ENAC - Equipe Informatique Interactive (LII), Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile (ENAC), Direction Générale de l'Aviation Civile (DGAC), Interactive Critical Systems (IRIT-ICS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
- Subjects
Computer science ,transitions visuelles ,étude de visualisations ,ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS ,02 engineering and technology ,animations ,visual transitions ,law.invention ,visualizations study ,Human–computer interaction ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Computer vision ,[INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC] ,Radar ,050107 human factors ,Focus (computing) ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Process (computing) ,020207 software engineering ,Air traffic control ,InfoVis ,Eye tracking ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Abstract
International audience; Several separate displays are used by Air Traffic Controllers, such as radar view, flight lists view or paper strips. In order to link the information between these views and keep focus on a subset of flights, controllers are required to do visual operations (eye gaze, analysis of visual properties etc.). This process can be disruptive when traffic increases and when visualizations display large amounts of objects. In this paper we propose the use of animated transitions to replace the visual paths controllers take. We discuss this technique and show results of a predictive evaluation that suggests an improvement in users' performance.
- Published
- 2011
40. Design process enabling adaptation in pervasive heterogeneous contexts
- Author
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André Thépaut, Maria-Teresa Segarra, Jean-Baptiste Lézoray, Antoine Beugnard, Jean-Marie Gilliot, An Phung-Khac, Département informatique (INFO), and Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
- Subjects
Population ageing ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Mobile computing ,02 engineering and technology ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Domain (software engineering) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Dynamic adaptation ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Simulation ,media_common ,computer.programming_language ,AAL ,020207 software engineering ,Model driven engineering ,Computer Science Applications ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Hardware and Architecture ,Design process ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Model-driven architecture ,Heterogeneity ,computer ,Autonomy ,Adaptive medium approach - Abstract
International audience; In the next decades, the growth in population ageing will cause important problems to most industrialized countries. To tackle this issue, Ambient Assistive Living (AAL) systems can reinforce the well-being of elderly people, by providing emergency, autonomy enhancement, and comfort services. These services will postpone the need of a medicalized environment, and will allow the elderly to stay longer at home. However, each elderly has specific needs and a deployment environment of such services is likely unique. Furthermore, the needs evolve over time, and so does the deployment environment of the system. In this paper, we propose the use of a model-based development method, the adaptive medium approach, to enable dynamic adaptation of AAL systems. We also propose improvements to make it more suited to the AAL domain, such as considering heterogeneity and a composition model. The paper includes an evaluation of the prototype implementing the approach, and a comparison with related work.
- Published
- 2011
41. Décodage EM du code de Tardos pour le fingerprinting
- Author
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Teddy Furon, Caroline Fontaine, Ana Charpentier, Digital image processing, modeling and communication (TEMICS), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, and Furon, Teddy
- Subjects
Theoretical computer science ,Iterative method ,Computer science ,[INFO.INFO-TS] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing ,Data_MISCELLANEOUS ,02 engineering and technology ,Tracing ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Information protection policy ,[INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing ,Traitor tracing ,Expectation–maximization algorithm ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Digital watermarking ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,[SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,[INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,[INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,Collusion ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,computer ,[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing ,Decoding methods - Abstract
This paper presents our recent work on multimedia fingerprinting, also known as traitor tracing. We focus on deriving a better accusation process for the well known Tardos codes. It appears that Tardos orginal decoding is very conservative: its performances are guaranteed whatever the collusion strategy. Indeed, major improvements stem from the knowledge of the collusion strategy. Therefore, this paper investigates how it is possible to learn and adapt to the collusion strategy. Our solution is based on an iterative algorithm a la EM, where a better estimation of the collusion strategy yields a better tracing of the colluders, which in return yields a better estimation of the collusion strategy etc.
- Published
- 2009
42. Un espace de conception fondé sur une analyse morphologique des techniques de menus
- Author
-
Michel Beaudouin-Lafon, Mathieu Nancel, Stéphane Huot, Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Situated interaction (IN-SITU), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
- Subjects
Engineering drawing ,Computer science ,05 social sciences ,020207 software engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.5: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)/H.5.2: User Interfaces/H.5.2.4: Graphical user interfaces (GUI) ,ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.5: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)/H.5.2: User Interfaces/H.5.2.6: Input devices and strategies (e.g., mouse, touchscreen) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,[INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC] ,Design space ,050107 human factors ,Simulation ,Generative grammar - Abstract
International audience; This paper presents a design space based on a morphological analysis of menu techniques. The goal of this design space is to facilitate the exploration of novel menu designs, in particular to increase menu capacity without sacrificing performance. The paper demonstrates the generative aspect of this design space with four new menu designs based on poorly explored combinations of input dimensions. For two of these four designs, the paper presents controlled experiments that show that they perform on a par with other menus from the literature.; Cet article présente un espace de conception basé sur une analyse morphologique des mécanismes de structuration des menus et de sélection des items. Son but est de faciliter l'exploration de nouveaux types de menus afin notamment d'augmenter leur capacité sans détériorer leurs performances. L'article démontre l'aspect génératif de cet espace de conception grâce à quatre nouveaux designs de menus, basés sur des combinaisons de dimensions pas ou peu explorées. Pour deux d'entre eux, des expérimentations contrôlées montrent qu'ils offrent des performances comparables aux menus de la littérature.
- Published
- 2009
43. Etude d'interacteurs pour la sélection d'une ligne de coupe depuis une carte
- Author
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Guillaume Rivière, Nadine Couture, ESTIA Recherche, Ecole Supérieure des Technologies Industrielles Avancées (ESTIA), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2
- Subjects
InformationSystems_INFORMATIONINTERFACESANDPRESENTATION(e.g.,HCI) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,geosciences ,020207 software engineering ,Usability ,02 engineering and technology ,Interface Utilisateur Tangible (TUI) ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,géosciences ,Task (project management) ,Domain (software engineering) ,Human–computer interaction ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Tangible User Interface (TUI) ,Tangible user interface ,[Information Interfaces and Presentation (e.g., HCI)]: User Interface ,[INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC] ,Line (text file) ,business ,Tabletop - Abstract
4 pages, démonstrations; National audience; In this paper, we discuss a choice of props for a dedicated task: selecting a cutting line from a top map. We present GeoTUI, a tabletop and a Tangible User Interface intended to geosciences. Several props have been evaluated for both usability and task performance. We begin with an analysis of the advantages of addressing a specific domain in this kind of study.; Nous nous intéressons à la sélection d'une ligne de coupe dans un modèle 3D. Nous nous situons donc dans le pa-radigme des interfaces utilisateurs 3D (3DUI). Dans ce contexte, il est intéressant pour adresser un problème gé-néral d'expérimenter sur des applications métiers complexes porteuses de contraintes et d'exigences, ici les géosciences. Dans le cadre de l'interface proposée, table interactive et interface tangible, nous étudions les diffé-rentes métaphores d'interaction possibles et déterminons le meilleur interacteur pour la tâche ciblée. ABSTRACT In this paper, we discuss a choice of props for a dedicated task: selecting a cutting line from a top map. We present GeoTUI, a tabletop and a Tangible User Interface intended to geosciences. Several props have been evaluated for both usability and task performance. We begin with an analysis of the advantages of addressing a specific domain in this kind of study.
- Published
- 2007
44. Réécrire et apprendre à réécrire : le rôle d'une base de données textuelles
- Author
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Denis Legros, Jacques Crinon, Brigitte Marin, Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche, culture, éducation, formation, travail (CIRCEFT), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Cognitions Humaine et ARTificielle (CHART), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Crinon, Jacques
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Computer science ,[SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education ,[SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education ,Reading and writing ,Database assistance ,Learning ,Didactics of rewriting ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,Production de texte ,050105 experimental psychology ,Language and Linguistics ,Psycholinguistics ,[SHS.PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,Didactique ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Resource (project management) ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,semantics of rewriting ,060201 languages & linguistics ,Ressources ,4. Education ,05 social sciences ,Traitement sémantique ,050301 education ,06 humanities and the arts ,Linguistics ,rewriting ,TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES ,Aides logicielles ,Interactions lecture écriture ,Reading and writing interaction ,0602 languages and literature ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Production (computer science) ,Rewriting ,0503 education ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Révision - Abstract
Three studies evaluate rewritings by students from 8 to 12 years old who used a resource texts database. This paper stresses the importance of the semantic treatment in the processes of writing and rewriting, describes the rewriting assistance system, and introduces to some important results. The students who use the system rewrite more, add macrostructure propositions and produce original propositions rather than propositions borrowed from the resource texts; the system helps the unskilled writers; access to the resource texts by criteria is more helpful than free navigation; the students who learned how to rewrite with the computer system succeed in better using the paper resource texts and transfer their skills to other text genres., Les trois expériences rapportées dans cet article ont pour but d'évaluer les effets d'une base de données textuelles, le logiciel expérimental Scripertexte, sur la révision et la réécriture de récits chez des élèves de huit à douze ans. La première expérience mesure les effets de ce dispositif sur l'amélioration des textes. La deuxième compare les effets de deux modes de navigation dans le logiciel. La troisième cherche à évaluer les apprentissages après trois ans d'utilisation de l'outil.
- Published
- 2006
45. Apport de l'approche MDA pour une interopérabilité sémantique : Interopérabilité des systèmes d'information d'entreprise
- Author
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Hervé Panetto, Salah Baïna, Khalid Benali, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environment for cooperation (ECOO), INRIA Lorraine, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Université Nancy 2-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Université Nancy 2-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Synchronisation de modèles ,Computer science ,Interoperability ,Meta-modélisation ,Approche MDA ,Systems interoperability ,Software portability ,Interopérabilité ,0502 economics and business ,Information system ,Ontologies ,Modèle de référence ,0505 law ,Reusability ,Mapping de modèles ,System development ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,[INFO.INFO-IA]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Aided Engineering ,[INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR] ,050501 criminology ,050211 marketing ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Software engineering ,Information Systems - Abstract
National audience; In the last few years, many works have been done in order to ensure interoperability between applications. Enterprise applications integration and the opening of information systems towards integrated access have been the main motivation for the interest around systems interoperability. In this Paper, an MDA based approach for interoperability is proposed. The MDA is an approach for systems development, which increases the power of models in that work. It provides a means for using models for better understanding, designing, constructing, deploying, operating, maintaining and modifying systems. The three primary goals of MDA are portability, interoperability and reusability. In this paper we apply the MDA as a formal base that supports our approach for interoperability between different information systems
- Published
- 2006
46. Connaissances du contenu et connaissances technologiques des enseignants en Informatique en milieu francophone
- Author
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KOMIS (Greece), VASSILIS, BACHY (Belgium), SYLVIANE, GOLETI (Belgium), OLIVIER, PARRIAUX (Switzerland), GABRIEL, RAFALSKA (France), MARYNA, LAVIDAS (Greece), KONSTANTINOS, and UCL - SST/ICTM/INGI - Pôle en ingénierie informatique
- Subjects
disciplinary knowledge ,Computer Science ,TPACK ,technological knowledge ,Computer Science, teaching, disciplinary knowledge, technological knowledge, teacher training, TPACK ,teacher training ,teaching - Abstract
In this article, following the TPACK framework, we study the content and technological knowledge of teachers who teach or are preparing to teach computer science in a francophone environment. The content knowledge is organised around the five main domains of computer science (algorithms, languages and programming, machines and networks, data representation, and computer science and society). Technological knowledge is studied based on current programming languages and educational programming languages. We administered a questionnaire around these questions and collected and analysed 339 valid responses. Through a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) we find that the knowledge declared by the teachers is varied. They are mainly organised in four groups (from poorly structured knowledge to complete knowledge) and follow a hierarchy depending on the content and technological context., Review of Science, Mathematics and ICT Education, Forthcoming papers
- Published
- 2022
47. Émergence des systèmes phonologiques
- Author
-
René Carré
- Subjects
Consonant ,Linguistics and Language ,Speech production ,Computer science ,Vowel ,Place of articulation ,Phonation ,Contrast (music) ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics ,Vocal tract ,Origin of language - Abstract
In this paper, it is shown that the speech production system can be explained from deforming an acoustic tube with the objective of producing sounds with both ieconomy of effortî and maximum acoustic contrast between one another. This deductive approach automatically infers standard places of articulation for vowels and consonants, thereby identifying physical bases for phonological distinctions. A brief discussion of the implications of the findings concludes the paper., Carré René. Émergence des systèmes phonologiques.. In: Langages, 36ᵉ année, n°146, 2002. L'origine du langage, sous la direction de Bernard Laks et Bernard Victorri. pp. 70-79.
- Published
- 2002
48. CARI'96 : actes du 3ème colloque africain sur la recherche en informatique = CARI'96 : proceedings of the 3rd African conference on research in computer science
- Author
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Georges Kouamou, Laurent Mbumbia, Chrispin Pettang, and Moukeli, P. (ed.)
- Subjects
Flexibility (engineering) ,Decision support system ,Process management ,Data collection ,Operations research ,Computer science ,Library and Information Sciences ,Quarter (United States coin) ,Management Information Systems ,SYSTEME INFORMATIQUE ,Interactivity ,Work (electrical) ,Urban planning ,HABITAT SPONTANE ,AMENAGEMENT URBAIN ,Decision-making ,AIDE A LA DECISION - Abstract
The developping countries are facing many urban problems caracterized by the proliferation of spontaneous habitat in quarters. This paper describes an approach of intervention in urban sector in order to improve the knowledge and the management of characteristics parameters (site, land, building, road, network, equipement) of a quarter. According to the complexity of decision in town management and the diversity of datas to manage, we propose a computer—based solution. It frees the different actors of urban management from the fastidious work of data collection, data organization and manipulation before any decision making. In this paper, a first step is realised concerning the data storage and the judicious presentation of statistical datas to the decsion makers. The system to implement allows through its flexibility and its interactivity to help them in the decision making process. This approach is closed to a real DSS (decision support system): the datas are formated in a way that can improve ...
- Published
- 1996
49. Utilisation de signaux Doppler tolérants en trajectographie active ; essais en mer
- Author
-
M.E. Zakharia and F. Joly
- Subjects
Computer science ,Acoustics ,Ambient noise level ,General Physics and Astronomy ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,symbols.namesake ,Acceleration ,law ,[PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives ,0103 physical sciences ,symbols ,Range (statistics) ,Radar ,010306 general physics ,Constant (mathematics) ,Doppler effect ,Digital filter ,Multipath propagation - Abstract
The precision and the range of currently used trajectography system is mainly noise-limited. Increasing system performance has to go through the use of matched filtering. As, aside ambient noise and multipath, the Doppler effect is the most important disturbance encountered in the case of trajectography, the signals used have thus to be Doppler tolerant ones and any processing scheme has to the into account this phenomena at every step. In this paper, we describe a new system using a special type of linear period modulated chirps well known for their performance in the case of constant speed. As there is no optimal solution, in the case of constant acceleration, the same signals, although sub-optimal, have been used and the performance loss remains acceptable. The paper describes sea experiment using this type of signals associated to real-time digital filters. The results obtained with the improved acoustical system are compared to the data issued from surface positioning systems (radar, optics, DGPS) associated to a short baseline and a ship positioning. The results of both trajectography are coherent within a range of few metres
- Published
- 1994
50. Les universaux de la grammaire
- Author
-
Anna Wierzbicka
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Grammar ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Context (language use) ,Natural semantics ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics ,Set (abstract data type) ,TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES ,TheoryofComputation_LOGICSANDMEANINGSOFPROGRAMS ,Universal grammar ,Natural semantic metalanguage ,media_common - Abstract
6. A. Wierzbicka, « The universal of grammar » This paper explores the area of universal grammar, a concept which, in the context of natural semantics, is to be understood as the set of grammatical universels and other strategies allowed as part of the natural semantic metalanguage. It is very much a tentative paper with a large number of proposals and observations which await further exploration., Wierzbicka Anna. Les universaux de la grammaire. In: Langue française, n°98, 1993. Les primitifs sémantiques, sous la direction de Bert Peeters. pp. 107-120.
- Published
- 1993
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