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The association between play and pleasure may seem natural, even intuitive. Although the hedonism associated with playful activities is generally evident in normally developing children, for children who have experienced early relational trauma (Bonneville-Baruchel, 2015), play can be related to displeasure, suffering and great psychological distress (Romano, 2010). Play, then, does not seem to obey the pleasure principle, nor for that matter the reality principle, in the same way that it is neither entirely in the realm of either reality or fantasy (Winnicott, 1975). This theoretical and clinical paper focuses on the evolution of the nature and role of pleasure in the psychotherapy of children who have experienced early relational trauma and who are able to experience pleasure. It attempts to demonstrate that for these children, pleasure is initially related to sensoriality, but that access to psychotherapy and pretend play allows a transition from a form of pleasure associated with the senses to one which is linked to meaning. The characteristics of play in traumatized children are outlined and clinical vignettes are presented to illustrate different manifestations of pleasure in children with early relational trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyponymy is an essential semantic relation in terminology, as it represents the hierarchical organization of concepts. Much has been written about hyponymy extraction. However, terminologists working with French do not currently have user-friendly and freely available tools to automatically extract hyper-hyponymic pairs from their own corpora. This paper presents the most recent version of the ESSG (EcoLexicon Semantic Sketch Grammar) methodology, a knowledge-pattern-based approach that enables Sketch Engine to extract semantic relations. This methodology is applied to the development and evaluation of the ESSG-fr, a semantic sketch grammar for hyponymy extraction in French. The evaluation results show that the ESSG-fr is a reliable domain-independent tool for terminologists wishing to extract simple hyper-hyponymic pairs and the corresponding concordances from specialized corpora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on Lamy's reflections on literary fiction and theatre as displayed in his Nouvelles réflexions sur l'art poétique (1678). Bernard Lamy (1640-1715) was a prolific writer, a major Augustinian thinker and a member of the French Oratory. Today, he is mostly known for his La rhétorique ou l'Art de parler (1st edition dates back to 1675), and his numerous works continue to elicit contributions from specialists on rhetoric and literary fiction. Lamy's reflections on literature, theatre and aesthetics are based on rigorous moral and religious grounds, hence his overriding aim to dismantle and deconstruct the core of what some continue to call the "classical doctrine". Lamy systematically treats topics such as embellishment, respect for the unities (time, place, action), paradoxes of aesthetical pleasure, verisimilitude, morality of literary and theatrical fiction, etc., all to demonstrate their radical incompatibility with the principles and values of an exemplary pious person. Lamy's rigorist moral and religious views might well seem shocking to a modern reader, but we aim to show that his analysis of various creative strategies (especially intricacies of rhetorical adaptation and procedures of arousing an emotional/intellectual response) has a great potential to enrich our understanding of early modern fiction and theatre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a period of global pandemic and confinement to our homes, the end of art is not only a philosophical hypothesis, it is a fact of society. We have experienced that modern societies, those that were able to make art an absolute at one point in their history, no longer need the arts, or the physical presence of artists and spectators, or have considered them inessential, and therefore contingent. Is this what G. W. F. Hegel prophesied with his thesis of the end of art? In this paper I aim to clarify this by referring to the sources of Hegel's lectures and by examining the reception by nineteenth-century French writers. 1) First, I give a reminder of the different ways in which Hegel's theme of the end of art can be interpreted. 2) Then, I give a second reminder concerning the reception of Hegel's Aesthetics in France, with a focus on the translations. 3) Finally, I propose to study three writers who determine three ways of conceiving the appropriation of Hegel in the 19th century and of the theme of the end of art: Théophile Gautier, Charles Baudelaire and Gustave Flaubert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to cross-read the End of Art as it is conceptualized by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and André Gide's and Jean Lorrain's versions of the myth of Narcissus. The most relevant mythemes such as beauty, self-love, duplication, "specularity" and death are apprehended in their recovery by fin-de-siècle aesthetics. The hermeneutic back-and-forth movement between the two texts assesses the structural symbols carrying various models of the evolution of art and formulates what Hegel could have possibly understood by this concept. The results of our interpretation are then related to certain phenomena of the history of art, and particularly of literature in the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poetics and critical interpretation of Alexandre Dumas father and son works, as well as their respective biographies are given an original light if we consider their intimate spaces and literary production, especially between 1847 and 1852, the years during which their trajectories crossed. After being at the height of his fame, Alexandre Dumas, covered in debts, saw his "architectural folly" of Monte Cristo mortgaged in less than a year, and his Théâtre Historique closed to the public. Alexandre Dumas fils, for his part, seized the sale of his former mistress after her death to create his novel La Dame aux camélias. Based on a dismemberment, that of Marie Duplessis' interior space sold at auction and reconfigured for better dramatic effects, Alexandre Dumas fils made a name for himself among the great writers and playwrights of his time. His famous Parisian flat at 98, avenue de Villiers constitutes a genuine countermodel from his father's spaces, abandoning the model of the historicist and bohemian "artist's interior" for a bourgeois, consensual and comfortable interior design. This paper aims at understanding Alexandre Dumas fils' literary and real estate strategies to consolidate his writer position and image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the question of philosophical foundations of adult education, based on theses of the late modern critical thinker Zygmunt Bauman (1925-2017). The text starts with an encompassing and synthetic look at Bauman's intellectual work (1). Then it isolates more specifically which part of that work helps us to measure the centrality of lifelong education as a major challenge of what the author calls a liquid life (3). The focus is then tightened on what, in Baumanian thought, allows us to point to a polymorphous type of adult education, allowing contemporary individuals to learn navigating and to learn while navigating in a problematic world (3). À concluding section summarizes Bauman's most decisive contributions to the problematic framework of this paper, and outlines what a substantive discussion of Bauman's diagnosis of the hypermodern world, and the philosophy of education that it requires, might look like (4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we shall question from a critical and constructive perspective, adult education as presented in contemporary societies by exploring the paradox that haunts this activity in what it is increasingly subject to instrumental rationality, technicism and pedagogicism as manufacturing or training. In this sense, we formulate the following problematic: In what way can communicational pedagogical action constitute an alternative likely to found adult education as a formative and global communicational praxis aiming at identity transformation of individuals and their fulfillment if this education were reduced more and more to a poesis whose goals are predetermined by the commodification of all human activities? With a view to identifying, in the potential of educational modernity, what allows us to resist the influence of instrumental rationality and to found in reason the adult education and the values that it must contribute to promote in a democratic and pluralistic society, we shall argue that the philosophical foundation of adult education as a praxis, requires promoting discussion to the rank of a post-metaphysical principle around which three logics are articulated : an epistemological logic that of culture and flavor of knowledge, a pragmatic-pedagogical logic and a psychologicalclinical logic of the development of the subject and intersubjectivity. Communicational pedagogical action draws its critical humanism and its constructive force not only from the educational discourse of modernity, or even from the utopia of the Enlightenment incarnated by Condorcet, but also from Habermas’ theory of communicational action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to a translation analysis of the French version of the Akathist Hymn to the "Burning Bush" (Rugul Aprins), written between 1945 and 1958, by the poet, who became a monk, Daniil Sandu Tudor, imprisoned by the authorities of the communist regime for his religious, mystical beliefs. Initiator of the hesychast movement "The Burning Bush" from the Antim Monastery in Bucharest, he died at the Aiud Prison, in 1962. It is a translation of the first version of this Akathist, spread in France between 1958-1960, through father Andre Scrima, who otherwise participated in conceiving it, together with father archimandrite Placide Deseille, at that time a Catholic monk in the great Abbey of Bellefontaine. It is mentioned the context in which this translation appeared, with regard to the reasons on which it is based and there are thoroughly analyzed the French versions of the first Kontakion and of the third Ikos. The analysis focuses on the translation principles used by the father translator, the literality observed with discernment and the translation creativity and insists on the expressiveness and the semantic explicitation of numerous translation options. In addition, the analysis envisages the translation strategies of some important theological themes, profoundly spiritual, covered by this Akathist. The main purpose of translating this text in French language is that of using it, through reading, as a means of prayer by the French and Francophone believers, who became Orthodox through conversion. It is surprising the fact that this Akathist, the most profoundly spiritual and mystic from al the Akathist hymns included in the Orthodox hymnography of these two cultures, Romanian and French, was translated in French language since 1960, soon after its creation, being published in an Occidental society, deeply secularized and generally, incompatible with any form of mysticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the pledge in the Gortyn Laws of the 5th century BCE. It demonstrates that the pledge in Gortyn had a possessory character, so it assumed the transfer of ownership of the pledge to the pledgee. The subject of the pledge could be both movable and immovable property. There is neither hypothec nor sale on condition of release in Gortyn law. This fact can be explained by the absence of a land cadastre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a millennium, between the 9th and 19th centuries, astronomical instrumentation had a vital role in scientific endeavour in the Islamic world. Different types of instruments, various engravings and markings, the makers’ signatures and dedications, construction dates, and artistic features provide ample evidence for assessing the level, transition, and transmission of knowledge in the period. In this manner, celestial globes are historically significant but undeservingly neglected instruments. They are the second largest group of instruments, after astrolabes, illustrative of the history of Islamic astronomy with more than two hundred extant globes. Despite its popularity throughout history, globe making procedures remain somewhat obscure. This paper presents a brief overview of the globe making tradition in the Islamic world. It deals with two main sources of information: manuals on the construction/use of globes and the extant globes. In this regard, the 10th century astronomer ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī’s (d. 376/986) Book of the Constellations (Kitāb Ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thābita) and Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan al-Marrākushī’s (second half of the 7th/13th century) From A to Z: A Compendium of Timekeeping (Jāmīʿ al-mabādī wa-l-ghāyāt fī ʿilm al-mīqāt) are highlighted as potentially the sources that were used by instrument makers. The paper raises questions regarding the influence of these works on the instrument makers and consequently on globes. The discussion on this wide-range topic, however, is limited to only a few examples as a pointer for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper stems from the results of a meta-synthesis which had as main objective to produce new knowledge on the operationalization and implementation conditions of more inclusive practices in schools. In addition to the results relating to the contributions and limits associated with inclusive practices, the central role of collaboration within inclusion and the importance of the leadership of the school principal in this regard, a number of texts analyzed highlighted the role sometimes clearly defined, sometimes intuitive, of the teacher aid. This paper aims to explain the contributions and limits of the teacher aid in an inclusive context, both in his relationship with the students he works with and the teachers he supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the increasing openness and democratisation of satellite data and associated processing tools, the use of these data and the information derived from them remains relatively limited in the Southern countries. For several years now, initiatives have been launched to improve access and use by local actors. This paper presents the results of 3 successive projects funded by the French Development Agency in Central and West Africa between 2010 and 2020. These projects, led by IGN FI and the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), have provided some answers to the main challenges identified by local partners such as: access to data, improving data processing skills, raising awareness among decision-makers and land managers of the information and services that can be derived from it, reference land cover maps production by local teams, and the development and structuring of user networks. This paper presents the actions and results in three areas of intervention, namely (i) the free provision of recent high-resolution data, (ii) the local production of forest cover and land use change maps and (iii) the promotion of the use of images through training and scientific activities. The results of several projects supported within the framework of these actions are published in this special Africa issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the emergence of cooperative photovoltaic projects in the Rhône-Alpes region (southeastern France) in the early 2010s marked by a national solar energy policy which at that time favoured the development of individual and private projects. The first part of the paper shows that in 2010 these projects emerged from converging national, regional and local dynamics and problematics. In the second part, the article analyzes the tribulations experienced by one of these collectives when it attempted to open the national incentive policy for photovoltaics to local issues which it did not take into account (redistribution and reinvestment of solar revenues, landscape and architectural innovation). Our analysis shows an innovative collective going through multiple trials in their attempt to initiate a territorial trajectory of energy transition that it deemed more equitable than the one then at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the third part of a reflective work on building a socio-hydrological approach. It focuses on the interdisciplinary dialogue between members of a research team associating the social and biophysical sciences. The key point is the construction of the interdisciplinary dialogue when it is not anchored in the previous experience of shared fieldwork. The creation of a framework to structure the dialogue is based on the premise that sharing experiences is crucial for negotiating a convergence between social and biophysical perspectives on reality. The first stage is to select an object on which to focus a collective analysis, in the present case the small-scale irrigation canals. The second stage consists in testing the framework during a three-day workshop. Third comes the collective negotiation of the analysis presented in the paper. Analysis of the construction, experimentation and evaluation process of the framework is considered an integral part of the interdisciplinary process. The dual approach of this contribution, i.e., experimentation and reflexivity, allows the analysis of the modalities of the interdisciplinary dialogue and questions the importance of frustrations in the progress of the interdisciplinary negotiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the conditions of emergence and the content of energy transition policies in shrinking cities. International academic literature considers shrinkage either as a factor favorable to alternative public policies, particularly in the field of sustainable development, or as a check to their acting capacities due to the multifactorial crises that hit shrinking cities. This paper is based on a case study of Vitry-le-François, archetypal of a small shrinking town in France. Two hypotheses are considered. In the first, urban shrinkage appears as a favorable context for an energy transition policy when the intensity and severity of the shrinkage process leads to a major crisis. In the second, energy transition policies applied to shrinking cities involve a course of action that extends beyond the energy sector and affects the whole of the urban policies in order to address the shrinkage phenomenon itself. The first part of the paper analyses the role of urban shrinkage and of the crisis affecting the local social housing landlord in the emergence of energy transition policies. The second part describes the content of the local energy policy transition and shows that this policy is focused on the rescue of the heating network owned by the social housing landlord, and on economic redevelopment issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2017 and 2019 there took place the first two editions of a Summer Seminar entitled "About the 2 °C" dedicated to the challenges of interdisciplinarity in research and training courses on climate change. In this paper, we focus on the motivations that led to launching this initiative, as well as to the positioning and progress of these first two editions, which highlighted the scientific and socio-political challenges raised by the implementation of interdisciplinarity in research, particularly regarding an object as protean as climate change. Besides, this paper provides a good opportunity to take stock of the possible evolutions of this Summer Seminar, given the societal and scientific challenges associated with the understanding and management of the impact of global changes on our environment and our societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Oncology Nurses Meetings again at the Maison de la chimie, Paris, around a rich and varied program. Topics include considered the call for papers received several applications, two of which were selected by the jury and the successful candidates will share their experiences and work on stage during the congress.

This paper examines the socialization of international students through their residential environment during their stay in Montréal. It provides a contextualization of the spatial and social environment in the dense and relatively heterogeneous downtown area of Quebec's metropolis. It then delves more deeply into the (co)housing conditions of international students through an exploration of the qualities and dynamics of three types of accommodation: traditional university residences (RUT), private residences for internationally mobile individuals (RPI) and traditional private rental housing (LPT). On the basis of a mixed method study using a combination of statistical sources and in-depth interviews, the socio-political conditions and relationships of international students are empirically documented. Supporting the academic literature, we show that their residential conditions and practices tend to generate limited spatial and social experiences that challenge the socializing qualities of their vertically ascending residential habitats. The findings open up the reflection on the design of social interiors that take on the characteristics of "refuge", "haven" or even fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the result of a convention project between the Department of Architecture and Computer Science entitled "SmartDZTransportStation: towards an intelligent and ecological management system for Algerian railway stations (Multimodal station and interactive transport: to improve walkability in Chalghoum Laid and to secure the surroundings of infrastructures near schools). We present the main aspects of this work which consists in integrating artificial intelligence in the management of a multimodal station and its impact on urban mobility, user behaviour, and in favouring walking by exploiting the door-to-door service. Chalghoum Laid is a medium-sized town in the Algerian highlands, located in a zone of influence of two large regional metropolises: Constantine and Sétif. The analysis of its urban context has revealed several dysfunctions attributed primarily to a lack of public transport and to the unsuitability of the road network for multimodal traffic, where conflicts of flows are the cause of congestion and serious accidents, especially in the low-density residential areas. Residual spaces offer parking areas for heavy goods vehicles and urban sprawl encourages car use. This situation seriously hampers pedestrian traffic near schools. Through the positive impact of a Smart Station project on the urban environment, we try to demonstrate in this paper that it is possible to increase the pedestrian potential of the urban school route by improving the comfort and safety in the vicinity of the railway line, which will be a linear axis favourable to walking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to illustrate the diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of a rare form of an acute neonatal arterial thrombosis. We report the case of a newborn female baby from a pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes. At birth, we noticed a pallor of the left lower limb, coldness and absence of the distal pulses. Doppler ultrasound showed extensive thrombosis of the left femoral artery. Emergency treatment consisted of thrombolysis by tissue plasminogen activator, after eliminating contraindications. The evolution was rapidly spectacular with repermeabilization of the limb. Heparin was started as a relay treatment. The etiological assessment did not find any risk factor of arterial thrombosis. The dramatic outcome of arterial thrombosis of a limb is amputation. Early diagnosis and management can avoid this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical practices regarding duration of antibiotics used for Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in children vary between settings. This could contribute to adverse drug reactions, treatment failure and antimicrobial resistance. Methods: The following search tools were used for the review: PubMed, TRIP, and Medline/Ovid. Keywords included were "pneumonia", "pediatric", "treatment", "duration", "child", "days", "community acquired pneumonia", "short", "non-severe", "amoxicillin dose", and "pneumonia children" and the selection of articles was limited to the last 10 years from 2011 to 2021. Results: We found 15 studies that assessed short (3 or 5 days) versus longer (7 or 10 days) duration of antibiotic treatment in pediatric outpatient CAP. Of these we selected 8 studies: 5 completed Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), 2 ongoing RCTs, and 1 retrospective cohort study. Discussion: Our review shows that short-course antimicrobial therapy for outpatient pediatric CAP is a promising option for maximizing efficacy, while also minimizing adverse effects, non-adherence, and antimicrobial resistance. Half of RCTs showed that a short-course treatment with oral amoxicillin, the antibiotic of reference, had a comparable efficacy to longer course treatment. However, in these studies bacterial CAP was not easily established, and there was considerable variability in the diagnosis and interpretation of radiological findings. Conclusion: The results from the studies included in this narrative review are informative and add to our understanding of outpatient pediatric CAP. They highlight the importance of maintaining an effective balance, where a clinician can aim to minimize antimicrobial overuse and risk of resistance while maximizing efficacy. Although these studies look promising, future research is required in pediatric patients with CAP, and these studies must be capable of addressing the limitations listed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we focus on translating proverbs from French into Italian. We have established a corpus of sentences that sound like proverbs, taken from Victor Hugo’s Notre-Dame de Paris. Starting from their linguistic and discursive features, we hypothesize that they include both real proverbs and “pseudo-proverbs”, i.e. proverblike sentences created by Victor Hugo. We have studied seven Italian translations of the novel, published between 1877 and 2003, in order to analyse how all these sentences are translated from French into Italian. Thus, our research deals with two scientific fields: paremiology and translation studies. After explaining how we established our corpus, we will try to make a distinction between proverbs and pseudo-proverbs (§ 1). Then we will show why, from a translational perspective, these two classes of sentences deserve the same treatment (§ 2). Finally, we will focus on the analysis of translation strategies used to recreate them in Italian (§ 3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investiture speech of His Excellency Mr. (H.E.M) Alassane Bala Sakandé (P.A.N) delivered on September 8, 2017 before the National Assembly of Burkina and broadcast live on Burkina National Radio and Television is not only his very first official speech but also a political discourse with multiple challenges, given the context of its production. Behind this speech that looks like a funeral oration, there lies a whole strategy of political communication based sometimes on the efficient exploitation of different forms of self-representation in the speech, sometimes on a deliberate desire to influence its audience by surfing on its emotions. If the form of the evoked content draws the attention, it is not less about the form of expression which rests on the rhetoric of the seduction and draws itself from the source of the enthymeme and logical reasoning. This paper questions in particular the notion of political ethos linked to that of pathos to examine the stakes of this discourse as logos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we aimed at drawing up the wide range of the main emotions (joy, sadness, anger, and fear) that emerge in the version of the legend of Tristan and Isolde that Béroul proposes. More precisely, we will try to analyse how lovers and the king manifest their emotions at the body level and in speech. At the same time, we will question the semantics in which each character invests these emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its constant presence in the theoretical discourse related to humoristic literature, the facetiae represents a rather new interest centre of literary research. The complexity of the facetious manifestations in the comic literature at the dawn of modernity is due on one hand to the difficulties of finding the unity of its lexical definitions and on the other hand to its genericity, meaning its capacity of appearing within more than one literary genres. Our paper proposes to synthetize the phenomenon of the facetious expression, which crosses a long period (since the end of Middle Age until the dawn of Enlightenment). Always oscillating between placere and docere, between pure entertainment and socio-pragmatic utility, the facetiae finds its essential place within the European cultural space, both in literature (especially in narratives as well as in theatre), and in the new social relations, signs of a new sociability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using enunciative polyphony as a methodological framework, this paper will focus on irony in the populist discourse in Morocco. This discourse presents itself as a language form with specific features: it is polemical, strewn with pathos, scandalous and violent. It deals with ridiculing the adversary, scrutinizing his faults, his imperfections and making him a subject of laughter. In the corpus that we have collected (a corpus made up of oral speeches by Moroccan political party leaders uttered in various contexts), we have come across several forms of aggressiveness: direct, explicit attacks, such as insults, and others more subtle, implicit, which can be guessed through implications and presuppositions like irony. In the analysis that we intend to present, irony will certainly be treated as a linguistic device consisting in saying the opposite of what one thinks or of what one wants to make think, as put forward: Fontanier 1977, Dumarsais, 1967, Henri Morier 1989, but moreover, it will be analyzed taking into account its polyphonic dimension as conceived by O. Ducrot. In his treatment of irony, Ducrot began by making a fundamental distinction between speaker and enunciator. Then, he focused his approach on the localization of linguistic processes manifesting the plurality of voices in the same utterance. In this sense, the single subject (in our case the populist speaker-enunciator) who says I may not be responsible for what he utters. It is a game of voice, which this work will reveal, which can be disputed, confronted, diverged and converged in the same statement. Moreover, the saying and the said indeed embodies this relationship between the saying referring to the enunciation by the speaker of a message for which he is responsible, and the said referring to what is not directly taken care of by the speaker, but only communicated through utterance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international conference “Pour des intelligences artificielles au service du corps vulnérable : Les contreforts de l’éthique et du droit” held in December 2021 at the Université catholique de Lyon, in France, explored whether artificial intelligence (AI) be a lever to restore equality between poor and rich, women and men, the disabled, the elderly? In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, this question is being asked everywhere, including various international bodies, such as the United Nations (UN) and the International Communications Union (ICU). This question requires an impact analysis (leverage) of AI that can generate more social justice (reduction of inequalities). How can we produce such an analysis so that AI can benefit everyone without excluding citizens from marginalized communities? The difficult ethical problem to solve is the following: how far does the impact of AI maximize justice by reducing inequalities? Here the analysis relies on knowledge of AI features that can have a real or negative impact. The purpose of this paper will be to show, based on our framework for analyzing technology impacts and various published texts, the strengths and weaknesses of AI, to answer this question. Applying this framework, we proceed as follows: 1) situate the complex problem of inequalities: those that are generational and socio-economic in nature to which AI has little impact; inequalities to which AI can have an impact, including digital inclusion and social inequalities; 2) situate the terminology of AI: weak (algorithms) or complete (decisional and autonomous) AI; 3) do an analysis of inequalities: digital inclusion and social inequalities showing the strengths and weaknesses of AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with Benoît Prot, a former press professional turned newspaper collector, is presented. He discussed his extensive experience in the press industry, from creating school newspapers to managing renowned publications like Okapi and L'Étudiant. He described the challenges and joy of collecting, detailing the sources of acquisition, including auctions and old paper fairs.

In his papers about educational neutrality, Jaurès stresses that neutrality is a lie and that the Church as well as conservative republicans are seeking by this means to thwart the emancipatory nature of public education: "only the nothingness is neutral". Jaurès upholds a republican and socialist secularity. Secularity is emancipation and socialism is the end state of the emancipatory process which arose with the French Revolution. Nevertheless, how can the teacher commit himself for socialism while respecting the secularity principle and the pupil's freedom of conscience? "Only what we are is taught and can be taught" states Jaurès. Socialism is not a doctrine that the schoolmaster can teach, but is the life principle enlivening his teaching. Jaurès recommends a pedagogic method formed simultaneously with objectivity, enthusiasm, width and perspective. The teacher moves himself aside facts and commits himself with euphoria for the progress of humankind. He expands his teaching to all major problems and raises the child's mind toward its embodied awareness of infinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ministerial circulars call not only for awareness-raising, but for a real "youth mobilisation" against global warming. These recommendations concern the neutrality of the school space within the republican framework. In order to depart from recurring debates in France, we propose here to take a detour through America, with the Little Rock affair and the Hannah Arendt's paper about claims of the State to initiate the process of social desegregation by ordering public high schools to integrate black students. But engaging youth in adults political struggles, it is not betraying education?Yet many tensions into Arendt's political philosophy suggest resting the problem of school neutrality in a less radical way when the subject concerns preservation of life, that is a necessary, although insufficient, condition of education. But, on the other hand, what to think mobilizing students by inculcating "good practices" without promoting reflection? In short, if the school, as an institution, is to serve as a relay for public policies, how should it perform the role assigned to it? Shouldn't youth mobilization take other forms than enrollment? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores, from the perspective of political philosophy of education, the hypothesis that an explicit and assumed paradigm shift from a republican view of school to a more democratic, individualistic, liberal and morally minimalist conception of school may be necessary in the near future. First we refine this initial diagnosis by specifying the way in which society of individuals compels institutions to work on redefining their legitimacy and the conditions of possibility of their action (1). Then we present three concepts drawn from the liberal axiomatic and/or its contemporary deployments and reinvestment - the axiological neutrality of the state, negative freedom and prudence - which we deem to enable school to take up such a challenge (2). Finally, we test these proposals for intellectual resources by showing how they can help school clarifying its social and political role, to make itself capable of being inclusive and inspiring confidence (3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the effect of intercropping on the technical efficiency of agricultural households in Burkina Faso, using the directional distance function approach. The data were collected from 303 households in 2012 and 2013 by the Laboratory of Quantitative Analysis Applied to Development-Sahel of the Thomas Sankara University. Evidence shows that intensification of intercropping improves technical efficiency, as well as education and animal traction. In contrast, the age of the household head and the dependency ratio reduce technical efficiency. In order to sustainably improve the technical efficiency of farm households, actions should focus on integrating intercropping into agricultural development plans and programs, building capacity through training and agricultural supervision, and improving access to agricultural equipment and basic social services (education). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context and background: In full expansion, the serious game is a video game for educational purposes, i. e. a virtual simulation device on digital equipment combining game elements and an educational objective. This pedagogical tool allows for experiential learning; therefore, it can be used to train health professionals in clinical reasoning and decision-making. Objective: Based on theoretical arguments and on a targeted narrative review of the literature, this paper takes stock of the documented impacts of the effectiveness of serious games for the training of health professionals and formulates some pedagogical perspectives. Analysis: Serious games allow for the operationalization of four conditions that promote learning: attention, active cognitive engagement, feedback and consolidation. Although heterogeneous, the evidence in the literature shows that, under certain conditions, serious games can support learning that enhances decision-making in a manner comparable to traditional devices. Some uncertainty remains as to their exact place in relation to other devices using digital resources or other pedagogical methods. Further pedagogical research is needed in areas such as motivation and pedagogical modalities. Conclusion: Serious games are one of the pedagogical tools available to teachers when they wish to offer their students active and experiential learning opportunities, for example in the context of training focused on decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In what way are chatbots new resources for humans? What are the conditions for their successful implementation? How do chatbots transform human activity? To answer these questions, this paper investigates how four chatbots were implemented and utilized in a professional context based on real user activity. We first show that the current design approach does not take sufficient account of the real activity and its multiple determinants, or of the users' point of view on their activity. Yet these interactive devices participate in a pre-existing socio-technical system made up of a diversity of subjects engaged in activities with multiple purposes. Through the prism of instrumental geneses, we therefore propose to identify how these chatbots can help or hinder human activity, so as to document, for design purposes, the conditions leading to the emergence of chatbot uses. After a synthetic presentation of the empirical results, we discuss the relevance of the instrumental approach when characterizing the contributions and limitations of chatbots. Finally, we argue that a design perspective supporting the postulate of human-machine asymmetry is prolific in supporting a design approach that is more focused on human power to act than on innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a participatory and inclusive design approach to the development of emerging ambient home support technology for vunerable elderly people. With this approach, we wish to both determine real needs and prospect the technological acceptance of a homecare voice assistant - including a machine learning AI engine-based on the activity and experience of these users with specific needs. To this end, users are integrated into the design process as fullfledged actors; the idea is that the device is designed with, by and for the users, despite their difficulties and deficiencies that might prove to be an obstacle to their commitment. For this purpose, we designed intermediate design objects to support and accompany the participatory design approach. They serve as supports during co-design actions to foster collaboration and coordination between actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the collocations corresponding to fulfillment verbs and their nominal bases in Anglo-Norman French through an exhaustive scrutiny of the chanson de geste Beuve de Hamptone (end of the 12th century). The analysis concerning the fulfillment verbs is formalized through the three simple standard lexical functions Reali, Facti et Labrealij, as well as through complex functions and configurations of lexical functions that contain these three mentioned simple functions. The bases of the collocations are described in terms of semantic labels that, as the lexical functions, are part of the Explanatory Combinatorial Lexicology. The paper includes a large number of examples and makes numerous remarks about the translation from Anglo-Norman to Modern French. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1889 rock slide along Champlain Street is the one that caused the largest number of fatalities in this area of Québec City during the 19th century. This paper presents a historical retrospective of the events leading to the 1889 slide, starting with the 1841 slide in the same area, which was as significant. Mitigation measures were initiated mainly after 1880, but they were not sufficient to prevent the major catastrophe anticipated by those who did the investigation of the Cap Diamant, including Charles Baillairgé. The story of the 1889 slide ends in 1894 by a judgment by the Supreme Court of Canada, in which the Queen was not held responsible for the consequences of the slide, although the main trigger was the water draining from the Citadel, from a damaged drain, into the cliff fissures. A back-analysis of the 1889 slide reached the same conclusions as Charles Baillairgé: the 1889 slide was a topple. This paper also highlights the significant contribution of Charles Baillairgé (1826–1906) in the understanding of rock slide processes along Cap Diamant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams using externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (EB FRP) composite materials. The first part of the paper reviews the evolution of North American codes and standards for the shear resistance of RC beams strengthened with EB FRP composites, whereas the second part provides a comprehensive analysis of the major parameters influencing the contribution of FRP to shear resistance. It also presents a comparison of the predictions of current design standards (ACI 440.2R 2017; CSA/S6 2019; CSA/S806 2012; fib -TG9.3 2001) with the results of experimental tests reported in the literature. The study shows that major parameters influencing the shear behaviour have received little attention. These parameters include in particular: (i) the presence and ratio of internal transverse steel reinforcement and (ii) the number of EB FRP plies (layers). This may explain the observed discrepancies between the prediction models of existing equations for shear resistance and the results obtained from tests. Consequently, a database extracted from the experimental studies was developed as part of this study. The results obtained highlight and confirm the existence of an interaction between the EB FRP composites and the internal transverse steel reinforcement with regard to shear resistance of RC beams. They also show the existence of an optimal FRP stiffness beyond which there is no substantial gain in resistance attributed to the EB FRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In both France and abroad, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) remain the most widespread occupational diseases. The scientific literature has established that links exist between the occurrence of MSD and the professional gesture. The aim of this paper is to show how biomechanical analysis helps to create intervention tools implemented in a methodological framework in clinical activity with a view to preventing MSD through analysis of the gesture. The aim of this paper is to analyse how an intervention was conducted within the general methodological framework of occupational psychology using activity-clinic research based on professional gesture analysis and it also benefited from interdisciplinary co-operation with biomechanics. The interdisciplinary methodology employed in relation to eight gravediggers consisted of different steps that included a detailed analysis of the muscular activity of the shoulder and back muscles. The results show that the interdisciplinary methodology makes it possible to widen the potential development zone of the gesture in the gravediggers' activity by stimulating their professional discussions. The creation of visibility and discussion in the profession of inter- and intra-individual variability has opened up the professional world to new forms of action to prevent MSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectif de l'étude L'objectif de ce travail était d'écrire le contrôle local, la survie globale, la survie sans progression et la toxicité de la radiothérapie en conditions stéréotaxiques par CyberKnife® pour les carcinomes hépatocellulaires. Matériels et méthodes Il s'agit d'une étude observationnelle rétrospective et multicentrique, menée au centre Eugène-Marquis à Rennes et au centre hospitalier universitaire Bretonneau à Tours, entre novembre 2010 et décembre 2016. Le traitement a été réalisé en situation de sauvetage, en d'attente d'une transplantation hépatique ou en dernier recours. Résultats Cent trente-six patients ont été consécutivement inclus dans l'étude. Le suivi médian était de 13 mois. La dose médiane totale prescrite était de 45 Gy en trois fractions sur 5 jours. Les taux de survie globale, de survie sans progression et de contrôle local à 1 an et 2 ans étaient respectivement de 79,8 % et 63,5 % ; de 61,3 % et 39,4 % ; de 94,5 % et 91 %. Deux évènements de toxicité aiguë de grade 3 et deux de toxicité tardive de grade 4 ont été rapportés. Sept patients ont souffert d'une hépatite radio-induite classique et 13 d'une hépatite radio-induite non classique. Le stade selon les critères diagnostiques de Barcelone (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer [BCLC]), l'indice de performance selon l'Organisation mondiale de la santé et le volume cible prévisionnel étaient corrélés avec la survie globale en analyse de Cox unifactorielle. Conclusion La radiothérapie en conditions stéréotaxiques est un traitement efficace et bien toléré pour les carcinomes hépatocellulaires inopérables ou en attente de transplantation. La toxicité est principalement liée au terrain cirrhotique et implique une sélection des patients et des contraintes de doses strictes sur les organes à risque. Abstract Purpose The purpose of this paper was to describe local control, overall survival, progression-free survival and toxicity of CyberKnife®-based stereotactic body radiation therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Material and methods Records of all the patients treated for hepatocellular carcinoma at the Eugene-Marquis cancer centre, Rennes and the Bretonneau hospital, Tours (France), between November 2010 and December 2016, were reviewed. Radiation therapy was performed as a salvage treatment, while awaiting liver transplantation or if no other treatment was possible. Results One hundred and thirty-six patients were consecutively included in the study. The median follow-up was 13 months. Median total dose prescribed, fractionation and overall treatment time were respectively 45 Gy, three fractions and 5 days. Overall survival, progression-free survival and local control rates at 1 year and 2 years were 79.8 % and 63.5 %, 61.3 % and 39.4 %; 94.5 % and 91 %. Two grade 3 acute toxicity events and two grade 4 late toxicity events corresponding to a duodenal ulcer have been reported. Seven patients underwent classic radiation-induced hepatitis and 13 patients showed non-classical radiation-induced hepatitis. Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, World Health Organisation grade and planning target volume were correlated with overall survival in univariate Cox analysis. Conclusion Stereotactic body radiation therapy is effective and well-tolerated for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma or as a bridge to liver transplantation. Toxicity is mainly related to cirrhotic background and requires a selection of patients and strict dose constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the 27th edition of the Oncology Nursing Meetings (RIO), scheduled for March 16, 2024, at the new venue, Palais des congrès, porte Maillot, in Paris. The program, curated by the scientific and organizational committee (CSO), will revolve around current themes conducive to learning, featuring diverse formats for exchanges and sharing, including round tables, calls for papers and posters, symposiums, etc.

Background: Updating French clinical guidelines for diagnostic and management of ulcerative colitis is needed due to the emergence of new treatments and treatment goals. Methods: On behalf of the Groupe d'Etudes Therapeutiques des Affections Inflammatoires du Tube Digestif (GETAID), French clinical guidelines were updated through a validated process of adaptation of clinical guidelines from international Gastroenterology societies and French consensus meetings. Results: French clinical guidelines for the diagnostic and management of ulcerative colitis were drafted by 16 GETAID members and reviewed by 6 members of the GETAID, the Association Nationale des Hépato-gastroentérologues des Hôpitaux généraux (ANGH) and the Club de Réflexion des Cabinets et Groupes d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie (CREGG), graded according to the level of Evidence and the level of agreement by 68 experts from the latter three societies. The present guidelines focused on classification, diagnosis, histopathology, extra-intestinal manifestations, dysplasia and colorectal cancer, pouchitis, medical management of active disease and maintenance therapy. Conclusion: This paper provides updated and useful guidelines for French gastroenterologists to diagnose and treat patients with ulcerative colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LostInZoom is a new research project that will seek to design novel ways of zooming into multi-scale maps, to overcome the desert fog effect that occurs with current multi-scale cartography techniques. The desert fog effect makes you feel lost for a few seconds after a zoom in or out, because the map has changed. The idea developed in this project is to propose anchor-based zooming techniques, where salient landmarks salient at multiple scales serve as anchors between maps during the zoom. This paper discusses the main challenges that will be addressed in this project: (1) better understand and measure the desert fog effect with maps; (2) defining and modelling the best anchors for anchor-based zooming; (3) designing more progressive multi-scale maps to host these anchors; (4) designing staged animations based on anchors between maps at different scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to illustrate the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of an extremely rare form of esophagogastritis with antenatal disclosure. We report the case of esophagogastritis with antenatal disclosure in a full-term newborn. E.K. was a newborn female baby from a pregnancy carried without complications. At birth, the amniotic fluid was hematic. Examination of the placenta at delivery was normal. The newborn presented hematemesis made of bright red blood, from the first hours of life, without any other associated signs or hemostasis disorder on the biological assessment. The initial therapeutic approach was exclusive parenteral nutrition combined with intravenous proton pump inhibitors. The evolution was marked by the occurrence of melenas and rectorrhagia, complicated by anemia requiring transfusion, without hemodynamic repercussions. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed on the third day of life and showed moderate erosive œsogastrobulbite. Follow-up was rapidly favorable. In severe neonatal digestive hemorrhages, FOGD plays a key role in the etiological diagnosis and therapeutic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]