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The history of note-taking has only begun to be written. On the one hand, the basic functions of selecting, summarizing, storing and sorting information garnered from reading, listening, observing and thinking can be identified in most literate contexts in some form or other. On the other hand, Renaissance humanists emphasized with unprecedented success the virtues of stockpiling notes on large scales and for the long term, thanks to the availability of paper and a new abundance of books, but also to their ability to transmit their own keen motivation to avoid any future loss of learning. We continue to share many early modern ideals for insuring the collection and retrievability of information and have built on early modern practices that facilitate the accumulation and the organization of information, including collaborative work and the use of rearrangeable slips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bibliography is presented on topics of European political and intellectual history which includes the books "The Contested Nation: Ethnicity, Class, Religion, and Gender in National Histories," edited by Stefan Berger and Chris Lorenz, part of the "Writing the Nation" series, "Remembering the German Democratic Republic: Divided Memory in a United Germany," edited by David Clarke and Ute Wölfer, and "Oliver Cromwell: God’s Warrior and the English Revolution," by Ian Gentles, part of the book series entitled "British History in Perspective."

A list of books received by the journal in January through March 2009 awaiting book reviews is presented which includes "Philosophical Writings" by George Berkeley, edited by Desmond M. Clarke; "Percy Bysshe Shelley: A Biography," by James Bieri; and "Rousseau's Critique of Science," by Jeff J. S. Black.

Historically, to be a black public intellectual in Britain has, almost by definition, meant being located on the liberal-left spectrum, in terms of analyses of race and class. However, in the past decade a number of high-profile black British thinkers have explicitly positioned themselves at odds with black liberal and radical traditions of thought. This has been particularly apparent in their critiques of multiculturalism, youth and education. This paper uses recent documentary sources to analyse the discursive features of this emergent black social conservatism, examining its claims to authenticity, its claims to offer rethinking of multiculturalism and identity, and its objects of racialization. Drawing upon critical discourse analysis and critical theories of race and black intellectual production, it identifies internal tensions in this emergent discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to discuss two historiographical issues pertaining to the history of science in the European periphery. The first issue concerns the wide use of the centre-periphery dichotomy in historical accounts discussing the diffusion and institutionalization of science across the world. The second issue concerns the use of appropriation (instead of transfer, or adaptation) as a means to overcome the diffusionist model in history of science. Recent work at the intersection of history of science with post-colonial studies will provide the framework for reassessing these matters. As it will be shown, theoretical discussions about the history of science in post-colonial context can help historians overcome the centre-periphery dichotomy and turn European periphery into a privileged standpoint for showing the actual diversity of 'European science.' At the same time, the experience of post-colonial studies can also help sharpen the historiographical tool of appropriation. The assumption that will be made is that by focusing on appropriation rather than on discovery and innovation (the favourite categories of much of mainstream historiography), or on transfer and adaptation (the favourite categories of the diffusionist model), historians of science can not only set aside the artificial distinctions of the diffusionist model, but also bring forward the re-inventions, the conceptual shifts and the cultural adjustments, which are responsible for the emergence of science as a global phenomenon in the periphery. Especially concerning European periphery, the use of appropriation may bring forward the particular historical circumstances under which certain knowledge patterns gained universal epistemic authority as constitutive elements of an imagined European intellectual identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent Eurozone crisis and the outbreak of political and populist Euroscepticism pose an unprecedented challenge to advocates of the post-war ‘Idea of Europe’. In the United Kingdom and France, some of the most eloquent and impassioned defences of ‘Europe’ have been penned by Jewish intellectuals. The historian Walter Laqueur, the philosopher Bernard-Henri Levy and journalists such as David Aaronovich, for example, have all rallied to the cause of ‘Europe’. This article will focus on the responses of Robert Menasse and Henryk Broder, two Jewish intellectuals from Austria and Germany, who have recently published powerful reflections on the European idea. Menasse’s polemic of 2012,Der Europäische Landbote(The European Courier), defends the idea of Europe as a ‘Friedensprojekt’, or ‘peace project’, and the European Union as an institutional antidote to the destructive power of nationalism and the self-interest of the nation-state. Broder’s bestselling book of 2013,Die letzten Tage Europas: Wie wir eine gute Idee versenken(The Last Days of Europe: How we are Scuppering a Good Idea), embraces ‘European values’ but launches a critique of a European Union which stifles pluralism and critical debate. This paper analyses how Menasse and Broder define the idea of ‘Europe’ and argues that, despite their differences, in form and content, the work of Menasse and Broder draws on a common tradition of enlightened cosmopolitanism as well as informs the renewed academic debate in the humanities and social sciences about the place of ‘cosmopolitanism’ in our global world. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper discusses the development of digital intellectual and technological geographies showing spatial distributions of information and proposes to combine these with network representations of actors and documents relevant for the history knowledge exchange in Early Modern Europe. The amount of technical and fortification drawings that were copied throughout Europe and the New World and the different nature of networks in which they were exchanged raises the question whether they belonged to the Republic of Letters, as some authors claim. We argue that instead of trying to explain knowledge exchange in Early Modern Europe by focusing on The Republic of Letters as one entity consisting of scholars , it might be more useful to reconstruct the spatial distribution of actors and of (non-)textual documents in virtual networks of knowledge. Inspired by the term 'deep maps' coined by David Bodenhamer, we will introduce the concept of 'deep networks' and explore the requirements for their future development. Hereto, we focus on the representation of historical evidence and of uncertainties in analyses of intellectual and technological letters and drawings and hybrid combinations of these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's European Union is keen to point out that one of Europe's main characteristics is its linguistic diversity. Some early-modern scholars, however, emphasised the notion of European monolingualism, even though Europe's linguistic diversity was as obvious in the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries as it is today. These scholars advanced the argument that, in a distant past, Europeans had spoken one single language. This article focuses on the first scholar to really substantiate this idea. In his voluminous Germania antiqua (1616), the Leiden founder of historical geography, Philippus Cluverius, set out to prove that Europe had once largely been populated by people who shared one single language and a set of distinctive customs. After analysing Cluverius' argument and his linguistic image of Europe, the article will outline the intellectual background behind his claims and map his work's impact on later representations of Europe in terms of language. Even when most early-modern scholars admittedly rejected the idea of Europe as a historical linguistic unity, the paper will show that the notion of Europe was a crucial point of reference in the linguistic scholarship of the early-modern period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the voyages of Christopher Columbus, John Cabot, Alonso de Ojeda and Amerigo Vespucci in the last decade of the fifteenth century, the New World of the Americas entered the cartographic and moral consciousness of Europe. In the 1500 mappa mundi of Juan de la Cosa, navigator and map-maker, we see Europe as a hybrid moral entity, a transitional blend of the medieval and the modern at the crossroads between two mappings of Europe. This paper argues that the Juan De la Cosa map represents a blurred transition between map-making traditions and a mixed moral rhetoric of European identity. The De la Cosa map operates across two sets of imagined axes: held horizontally, the map is set to a Ptolemaic grid with Europe straddling the Prime Meridian, and yet when held vertically it presents a medieval moral continuum in which the Americas occupy an ascendant position, a verdant new Jerusalem in contrast to the Babylon of the Old World. Europe is both drawn to the centre of a new world order, and also pushed to the moral margins in an echo of the medieval mappa mundi still imperfectly resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main interpretative challenge set by the Fundamenta Nova Theoriae Functionum Ellipticarum lies in Jacobi's transformation theory upon which the entire theoretical edifice of the treatise depends. Unfortunately, Jacobi did not convey any indication of how he attained his general formulae for rational transformations of elliptic functions. He limited himself to providing a posteriori verification of the validity of his claims. The aim of this paper is precisely to describe the heuristic path by which in 1827 Jacobi succeeded in finding these transformation formulae. The proposed historical reconstruction will hopefully shed new light upon the emergence in Jacobi's work of the inversion process of elliptic integrals of the first kind and thus of the elliptic function sinam $$u$$ itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage studies is yet to have a debate about its theorisation at the global level. Many of the core ideas that shape the field are rooted in the contexts of Europe and the USA and geographically rolled out in normative ways. This paper argues it is important we embark on pluralising how heritage is studied and theoretically framed, in ways that better address the heterogeneous nature of heritage, for both the West and the non-West. The themes of modernity, cities and international cultural policy provide evidence of why we need to better position the academic study of heritage in relation to the rapid geo-political and geo-cultural shifts now taking place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article Erika Fischer-Lichte argues that, since the beginning of the twentieth century, in different parts of the world, modern theatre was invented by way of interweaving cultures in performance. Different examples from the early twentieth century and the 1990s show how theatre acted as a laboratory for testing and experiencing the potential of cultural diversity. An innovative performance aesthetics enabled the exploration of the emergence, stabilization, and destabilization of cultural identity, merging aesthetics with politics. Erika Fischer-Lichte is Professor of Theatre Studies at the Freie Universität in Berlin. She has published widely in the fields of the theory and history of the theatre, and is the author of numerous books, including, in English, Theatre, Sacrifice, Ritual: Exploring Forms of Political Theatre (2005) and The Transformative Power of Performance: a New Aesthetics (2008). In 2008 she established a new research programme, 'Interweaving Cultures in Performance', at the Freie Universität. This paper was given as a keynote lecture at the fourteenth Performance Studies International conference, 'Interregnum: In Between States', in Copenhagen, 20-24 August 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay aims to survey certain key aspects of philhellenism underpinned by the recent and past bibliography on the issue. By exploring the definitions of the related terms, their origins and their various meanings, the paper underscores the notion of "revival" as a central working concept of philhellenic ideas and activities and explores its transformations, acceptances or rejections in Western Europe and in Greece during the period from 1770 to 1870. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Historiae Scientiarum is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The correspondence in this issue of History of European Ideas has not previously been published. It is the surviving part of the epistolary exchange between Dugald Stewart and the Genevan professor and man of letters Pierre Prevost (1751–1839) from the 1790s to the 1820s. To this are added several closely connected letters to and from their associates. This correspondence is striking evidence of the republic of letters continuing to flourish in the aftermath of the French Revolution, illustrating the transmission of works, the role of go-betweens, the provision of letters of introduction and the formation of intellectual and personal alliances. Not least, the letters tell us much about the ideas of those involved, and about the formation, development, and relation of these ideas to published works. This is particularly significant for Stewart, most of whose letters and papers are lost. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the treatment of purportedly anti-Semitic remarks by economist John Maynard Keynes by historians. Commentary by scholars including Robert Jacob Alexander Skidelsky, Don Patinkin, and D. E. Moggridge is addressed. Other scholars discussed include Melvin Warren Reder, Anand Chandavarkar, and David E. Kaun. Keynes's opinions on Jews including physicist Albert Einstein, French finance minister Louis-Lucien Klotz, and economist Abba Lerner. Letters from Keynes to his future wife Lydia Lopokova are cited. The role of anti-Semitism in European intellectual life and economic thought is addressed.

The article presents an exploration into the intellectual history of the concept of the human observer within the field of optics and its implications on epistemology during the first half of the 17th century. The author highlights the gradual disappearance of the observer as a key figure within the research of the German astronomer Johannes Kepler and its philosophical connections to the idea of perspective. The full manifestation of this trend is then examined through the essays of philosopher Rene Descartes in his assertions of relative being.

This paper focuses on a neglected aspect of the history of the discussion of conscience in late fifteenth-century Europe. It seeks to explain how Adrian of Utrecht (1459–1523), a prominent scholastic theologian at Louvain, pondered the more subjective dimensions of conscience, and how his arguments can be appraised from the perspective of a wide-ranging discussion of the nature and function of moral cognition and judgement that took place in humanist and philosophical circles. Adrian's work is especially interesting for reason that he has important things to say about ‘moral integrity’, and ‘convictions of the heart’– ideas that bring into focus how highly personalized aspects of moral reflection impinge upon the activities of conscience. Having outlined Adrian's concerns, his description of the machinations of our moral conscience will then be set in context by comparing his account to that of a leading philosopher of his age, Marsilio Ficino (1433–1499). In addition to this, the thoughts of the celebrated ‘Christian humanists’ John Colet (1467–1519) and Desiderius Erasmus (1466/9–1536) will also be enlisted so that a richer picture of Renaissance ideas of conscience can emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author consider the transnational, or interconnected aspects, of Catholicism, Protestantism, and Christianity in Great Britain and Ireland with Europe for the period circa 1689 to 1800. The author considers how British civilization during the period considered "Christendom;" notions of Protestant unity among European Protestants; and how Irish and English Catholics found support among their European brethren to face anti-Catholic British laws. The article also considers ongoing hostilities between Europe and the Ottoman Empire throughout the period, as well as the impact of the French Revolution upon British and Irish religious thought.

Abstract: To date, “highbrow omnivorousness” hypothesis has been examined mainly for the case of musical taste. In this paper we attempt to extend this framework to a relatively unexplored cultural domain, that of television consumption. Using data from the 2001 Eurobarometer we hypothesize that highbrows will be more likely to consume a wide variety of other forms of popular culture, namely television programming. The results fail to unambiguously confirm the highbrow omnivorousness hypothesis: in some EU countries, highbrows consume a wider variety of television programming than non-highbrows, in other countries, highbrows are indistinguishable from non-highbrows, while in a third group of countries, highbrows are snobbier than non-highbrows in their television consumption choices. We attempt to explain this cross-national heterogeneity in the highbrow/non-highbrow difference in television consumption using organizational theory of culture production. In our “contingent highbrow omnivorousness” framework, we propose that in commercialized, profit-oriented cultural industry systems, highbrow snobbery rather than omnivorousness will be the norm. In relatively less commercialized, profit-oriented contexts, highbrow the snobbery effect will be weaker. Classifying countries by the degree of market orientation of the television production field yields results that are consistent with this hypothesis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper sets out to bridge my experience in Canada working in the intersecting space between culture and technology and my more recent experience in Europe as the Canadian director of a European initiative called LabforCulture. The experiences in Europe with respect to the impact of digital technologies on culture and the development of cultural policy are not so different from those in Canada. The issues of culture and technology are decidedly similar arid the challenges are shared. What follows is a reflection, briefly and randomly, on overall policy trends across Europe and their similarities to the Canadian situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Declaration of Bologna and subsequent documents have drastically changed the European university panorama and the future role of universities as providers of continuous education for a lifelong learning. There will be a convergence not only in academic titles, but also in the way we see university education. The previous EEE symposium gave some clues on the approaches taken by different European countries: organization of EE studies, integration of graduates into the market, and interaction with professional bodies. Bologna's outcomes were sold in Spain as a change into an American (USA) model, which, as any other model, has advantages and drawbacks. This paper deals with an open reflection on the future of university studies in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the kind of pessimism toward cultural policy across Europe and investigates whether cultural policy is achieving its objectives in the region. Pieces of evidence that the cultural policy in Europe remained preoccupied with the arts are provided, including the awarding of Chevalier, France's highest cultural honour, to Hollywood actor Sylvester Stallone. Information is presented on the contribution of the arts to society, including moral improvement, economic benefits and national identity and prestige. An analysis of the scepticism toward the ability of the arts to produce morally superior people is given.

The article discusses the Enlightenment in Norway, focusing particularly on the May 27, 1776 speech given by District Governor Even Hammer of Romsdal (1732-1800) for the silver medal of the Royal Norwegian Scientific Society given to Scottish immigrant John Robertson Brand, also known as John Brandt, the ceremony held at the church of the fishing village of Hustad. Topics include political economy, European intellectual history of the 18th century, and how the environment of Norway influenced Hammer.

The article focuses on the Catholic Church in the Seventeenth Century as an intersection of truth, time, and space. It considers the church's intellectual development, the enlargement of the church throughout the world through trade and colonization, and the church's use of humanistic styles of philological criticism and textual analysis related to the study of historical events.

The article discusses the international public debates related to the publication of the multi-volume "Histoire naturelle," by French scientist Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, and scholars including German biblical scholar and Orientalist Johann David Michaelis, which focused particularly on questions relating to elephants, especially how the had sex. Michaelis became intrigued with elephants while translating the Old Testament Book of Job and writing biblical criticism. It reports that reports of indigenous knowledge of elephant behavior were not considered, it was purely a debate of eighteenth-century European intellectuals.

In the early nineteenth century, European naturalists wrote about certain species of ants that enslaved ants of other species. This essay traces the movement of this knowledge of enslaved ants from natural history texts to the heated discourse surrounding slavery in the antebellum United States. For both proslavery and antislavery figures, the enslaved ants prompted reflection on the nature of evidence and human reason. Although proslavery ideologues included the enslaved ants in their writings as evidence for the natural basis of slavery, they used this knowledge sparingly because of the dubious legitimacy of an analogy drawn between the animal and human worlds. The Enlightenment philosophy of mind stressed the fragility of arguments by analogy in general, and the sharp divide between animal instinct and human reason further weakened the analogy between ant and human slavery. Antislavery writers attempted to goad their proslavery opponents into drawing this analogy, without much success. Examining this strange episode enhances the understanding of the place of science in American cultural history by showing how scientific knowledge moved across various venues and discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the translation of Petrarch’s work on the Western fringes of Europe demonstrating how the appropriation and transformation of the European literary canon served domestic ends in Ireland in the nineteenth century. The afterlives of Petrarch’s texts contribute to understanding how translation can introduce novel material to a target culture which in turn transforms the literature in a new social and cultural context. These translations chart the spread of Petrarch’s influence throughout Europe and illustrate how cultures absorb traditions through translations and reworkings. Although the Irish translations of Petrarch (into English) bear some similarities to the British translation tradition, the differences that are highlighted in this study illustrate how translation responds to differing cultural contexts even when dealing with the same linguistic group and time frame. This case study of translations of Petrarch’s poetry in Ireland discusses the reach and influence of the Italian writer, while also examining the ability of translation to refashion the poet according to distinct local trends. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the historiography of Lutheran culture in relation to the history of the Reformation. Topics include the relation of religious leader Martin Luther to Reformation historiography, the focus of historians on theological and intellectual aspects of the reformation, and the historiography of Protestant confessionalism.

The article discusses the early Enlightenment, 18th century academic debate in Europe on the Israelites' crossing the Red Sea, as told in the Bible's Book of Exodus. The use of Red Sea maps and empiricism in European biblical criticism of Exodus, including in regard to the purported miracle depicted in Exodus, is discussed.

To understand how German and Austrian readers gained access to forbidden literature during the Restoration and Vormärz periods, one must enter the world of bookshops. Publishers and book merchants, this essay argues, completed the print circuit of forbidden political knowledge. They possessed numerous ways to circumvent the censorship regimes of central Europe. Networks of publishers, printers, book dealers and their agents provided clandestine channels through which they smuggled books from abroad and circulated banned domestic literature. Because bookshop owners enabled the hand-to-hand transfer of contraband material, their role in developing an oppositional political culture was crucial. They made possible transnational communication networks by providing urban spaces where a socially diverse readership contested censorship and reshaped civic identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores how trends in intellectual thoughts begun in the late nineteenth century by Protestants helped lead to post-World War II beginnings of European integration and the process of decolonization in Africa and Asia by countries including France and Great Britain. Topics include evangelical beliefs to bring Christianity and civilization to other countries, Protestantism and politics in Europe, secularism, and the ecumenical movement.

The emergence of a positive attitude toward mountains is commonly regarded as an eighteenthcentury phenomenon. The facts tell otherwise. Unearthing a number of hitherto-unknown sources, this article demonstrates that interest in and enthusiasm for mountains already began to evolve around 1500: from then on, mountains gained in importance in political, religious, and scientific discourses. Travel through mountainous regions increased, and people started to climb mountains. The interplay between theoretical interests and practical engagement led to a new emotional response, or what may be called mountain feeling, that anticipated the attitude of the eighteenth century and of the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central Europe (Europe-Between, Zwischeneuropa) belonged to the sphere of German cultural influence. Western intellectual trends came also through German language areas either directly or indirectly by transmitting ideas (e.g.: the products of Renaissance intellectual trends or the ideas of the Enlightenment). At the same time the peoples of the region were also in direct connection with one another. In several cases the rulers of Hungary, Bohemia and Poland had been the members of the same dynasties but there were periods when personal union was the form of governance. The institutionally organised protection of the mother tongue, the establishment of national literature and science took place at different times and lasted from the beginning of the sixteenth century until the end of the nineteenth century, with the exception of the Czech language. This vision of cultural history is presented in this lecture by comparing the similarities and the differences in reading history of the region. The fi rst examples are taken from the Protestant Reformation and its preceding Spiritual and Humanist movements. I will discuss the direct connections between Hungary and Livonia (through the two examples of the Hungarian translation and publication of Georg Ziegler's book and the Hungarian students of the Papal Seminary of Riga) touching also upon the shared university studies of students from several nations of Europe-Between (in Bologna, Padova, Wittenberg, Heidelberg, Strasburg, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study paints the intellectual environment in which Ferdinand de Saussure developed his ideas about language and linguistics during the fin de siècle. It sketches his dissatisfaction with that environment to the extent that it touched on linguistics, and shows the new course he was trying to steer on the basis of ideas that seemed to open new and exciting perspectives, even though they were still vaguely defined. As Saussure himself was extremely reticent about his sources and intellectual pedigree, his stance in the lively European cultural context in which he lived can only be established through textual critique and conjecture. On this basis, it is concluded that Saussure, though relatively uninformed about its historical roots, essentially aimed at integrating the rationalist tradition current in the sciences in his day into a new, 'scientific' general theory of language. In this, he was heavily indebted to a few predecessors, such as the French philosopher-psychologist Victor Egger, and particularly to the French psychologist, historian and philosopher Hippolyte Taine, who was a major cultural influence in nineteenth-century France, though now largely forgotten. The present study thus supports Hans Aarsleff's analysis, where, for the first time, Taine's influence is emphasised, and rejects John Joseph's contention that Taine had no influence and that, instead, Saussure was influenced mainly by the romanticist Adolphe Pictet. Saussure abhorred Pictet's method of etymologising, which predated the Young Grammarian school, central to Saussure's linguistic education. The issue has implications for the positioning of Saussure in the history of linguistics. Is he part of the non-analytical, romanticist and experience-based European strand of thought that is found in art and postmodernist philosophy and is sometimes called structuralism, or is he a representative of the short-lived European branch of specifically linguistic structuralism, which was rationalist in outlook, more scienceoriented and more formalist, but lost out to American structuralism? The latter seems to be the case, though phenomenology, postmodernism and art have lately claimed Saussure as an icon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores European intellectual history and elements of spatial asymmetry between center and periphery in cultural space among Nordic intellectuals. The author reflects on the development of transnationalism and cosmopolitanism in the history of intellectual exchange. Other topics include provincialism and entanglement in transnational history.

The article discusses the concept of "Populism" and anti-populism in the light of the political situation in Europe. It notes that expression of popular demands is dismissed by its opponents as populist. Opinions of political theorists such as Ernesto Laclau and Margaret Canovan are quoted. Topics discussed include global financial crisis, democratic politics and European economic, political and intellectual elite.

Copyright of Imago Mundi is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article explores the history of art and cultural exchange during the Cold War through an analysis of the "Dissenso Culturale" Venice Biennale art exposition in 1977. The author reflects on the inclusion of writers, filmmakers, visual artists, and scholars from Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and the Soviet Union. Emphasis is given to the exchange between Eastern European leftist intellectuals from the West and Eastern European artists and dissidents. Other topics include the institutional transformation of the Biennale, the directorship of Carlo Ripa di Meana, and the codification of human rights issues in Eastern Bloc countries.

The article looks at historiographic issues related to world history, focusing on the conceptualization of Europe and of the West. The author criticizes the tendency to conceive Europe historically as a unit and to narrate global history as a large-scale competition between the West and the rest of the world. Topics include conceptions of Germany as differing from the rest of Europe and intersections of Indian and German intellectual history in the late 19th-early 20th centuries.

Rick Tilman's new study,Veblen and his European Contemporaries, explores Veblen's conceptual relationship with a host of seminal European thinkers. Among the continuities and differences that Tilman develops, none stands out more than his strikingly original claim that in important ways Veblen's work parallels that of Ferdinand Tonnies. This essay reviews Tilman's study, with a particular emphasis on Veblen's idea of community, particularly its political and utopian aspects. Most notable in these regards is Veblen's idea that a free and insurgent “spirit of insubordination” is the chief animating principle of self-regulating anarchistic communities. The essay examines tensions between Veblen's embrace of the free spirit of anarchism and his belief in the centralizing thrust of modern technology. It suggests, however, that by dramatically curtailing needs for human labor, Veblen's industrial republic might, as most systems do, fumble its way toward a rough working balance between predominant values in conflict, in this case, industry and insubordination. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This essay was written for a symposium on Dutch conceptual history in a comparative European perspective. The concept in question here is liberty, and the context first English and then (following the creation of the United Kingdom in 1707) British. What follows primarily addresses two themes, both challenging. First, what role did the concept of liberty play over an exceptionally long and turbulent period of English history punctuated by two revolutions? Second, what relationship existed during this period between English and Dutch understandings and experience of this concept? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of our article is threefold. First, we present and discuss the extant literature on creationism in Europe (the “facts”). Within this section, we offer a review of the literature as well as an overview of the most remarkable developments and events recorded therein. Second, we indicate which material is missing from the literature (the “gaps”) and signal which gaps we think should first be filled. Third, on the basis of a forthcoming international historical study, we outline the possible factors that affect the popularity of creationism in Europe (the “prospects”). We also sketch how a sustained study of European creationism can contribute to other research domains such as the study of cultural evolution and the relation between science and religion. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article describes the interaction between Greek readers, writers, and publishers during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, giving particular attention to the challenges faced by the latter in obtaining financial support for their endeavors. These contingencies exerted a significant influence on the form and content of Greek discourse as expressed in one striking instance by the efforts made on the part of Greek intellectuals to publicly reimagine the role of commerce and its practitioners in the rise or rehabilitation of nations. In addition therefore to providing a revealing view of what one historian of the period has called "the linguistic construction of class," the Greek literary preoccupation with commerce also serves as a valuable exhibit of "cultural transfer," or the manner in which genres of thought originating in one setting may become naturalized within another to the point that they appear to have been generated from purely native sources and circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay explores how seventeenth-century French mathematician Marin Mersenne used his network of correspondents in the Republic of Letters to help himself become a trendsetting mathematician of the period. The author argues that his letter writing helped him become notable despite his limited mathematical abilities and helped create a flow of information across Europe. His correspondents included French mathematician René Descartes, Italian mathematician Galileo Galilei, and Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens.

The article presents an open forum focused on incorporating gender studies to the universities in Europe. It offers information on a European consortium that inspires, graduates in Transnational Memory Studies (TMS) and Cultural Heritage Management related to feminism. It mentions that the fragmentation intellectual life can be analyzed by psychoanalytic concept that signifies the pleasure for illegitimate body parts.