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Technological advances in tea production are critical to meet global demands for tea consumption. To illuminate differences in the scientific and commercial relevance of research programs between major tea-related research organizations around the world, we conducted a bibliometric analysis comparing the scientific outputs, including peer-reviewed publications and patents, of six major research organizations published between January 01, 2008 and July 11, 2020. For this competitive ranking analysis, we examined a number of papers, research topics, academic influence, capacity for development, capacity for collaboration, and capacity for technological innovation. Among the six research organizations, Anhui Agricultural University (in China) had the most publications, while the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tea Research Institute showed a higher capacity for development. The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (in India) and the University of Shizuoka (Japan) both showed high academic influence, while the University of Shizuoka, Tea Research Association Tocklai and National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (Japan) showed a high capacity for collaboration. The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tea Research Institute applied for the most patents, while the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research applied for the most international patents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We utilized cross tabulation statistics, word frequency counts, and content analysis of research output to conduct a bibliometric study, and used CiteSpace software to depict a knowledge map for research on entrepreneurship education in China from 2004 to 2013. The study shows that, in this duration, the study of Chinese entrepreneurship education experienced a progression through three stages, an “exploratory stage of learning from foreign models,” a “developmental stage geared toward employment problems,” and a “transformative stage promoting cultivation of student abilities,” and featured three primary characteristics, “multidisciplinary fusion,” “imbalanced regional distribution,” and “policy orientation.” In the future, popular fields in the study of entrepreneurship education are to be concentrated in the three areas, namely “entrepreneurship education and talent cultivation,” “entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial environments,” and “entrepreneurship education and innovation education.” [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Based on the panel data of 285 cities in China from 2000 to 2019, this paper searches the number of patent applications related to urban artificial intelligence from five dimensions: algorithm, data, computing power, application scenario and related technology. Combining the two perspectives of industrial upgrading and rationalization, we analyze the internal influence theory of the research topic from the theoretical and empirical perspectives. The results show that artificial intelligence is not only conducive to industrial upgrading, but also significantly inhibit the deviation of industrial structure from equilibrium, which is conducive to industrial rationalization. In addition, the conclusion of this paper is still valid after a series of robustness tests, such as eliminating the samples of central cities, winsorize treatment and instrumental variables method. Through the heterogeneity test, it is found that the promoting effect of artificial intelligence on industrial upgrading is more obvious in big cities and cities with high level of industrial upgrading. The internal mechanism test results show that artificial intelligence promotes industrial upgrading by promoting technological innovation. In cities with a high degree of marketization and Internet development, the role of artificial intelligence in promoting industrial upgrading can be strengthened. The research conclusions of this paper will be conducive to accelerating the development of artificial intelligence to promote industrial upgrading, and provide a useful reference for realizing high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technology innovation (GTI) is an important driver for national green development and a strong fulcrum for the clean production of companies. This paper focuses on the impact of top management team's (TMT's) inherent characteristics on GTI from the perspectives of TMT heterogeneity and text tone in management discussion and analysis (MD&A), as well as the moderating role of executive compensation incentives and financial constraints. The results reveal that: a) the TMT heterogeneity has different effects on companies' GTI; b) the tone in MD&A can significantly promote the companies' GTI; c) both executive compensation incentives and financial constraints significantly adjust the relationship between the TMT heterogeneity or the tone in MD&A on GTI but in different directions. Moreover, the basic conclusions suitable for non-state-owned companies yet differ in state-owned companies considering the property heterogeneity. Thus, this paper constructs a new integrated framework of TMT heterogeneity, tone in MD&A, executive compensation incentives and financial constraints to stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of companies to develop GTI, which has an important practical significance on accelerating the sustainable development of green production in developing countries. Finally, this paper offers corresponding policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of modern scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the development of digital finance is conducive to improving the ecological environment and the energy total factor productivity (TFP). In this paper, DEA cross-efficiency model is used to measure the energy TFP, and moment estimation method is used to empirically test the influence and heterogeneity of digital finance on energy TFP, and then the intermediary model is constructed to study and analyze the influence mechanism based on the sample data of 30 provinces in the Chinese Mainland from 2011 to 2018. The following research findings are obtained. First, the development of digital finance has played a significant role in improving energy TFP. Second, spatial heterogeneity exists in the process of digital finance affecting energy TFP improvement, that is, digital finance has a more obvious improvement effect on the energy TFP in central and western China than in eastern China. Third, digital finance can affect energy TFP through technological innovation; that is, the improvement of regional technological innovation is an important transmission mechanism for digital finance to affect energy TFP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative activities are increasingly decentralized and globally dispersed, which provides new upgrading opportunities for emerging market firms. However, little is known about how latecomer firms (re-)organize their research and development (R&D) over time as conditions for upgrading change. This paper systematically maps the R&D networks of China's lead firms in the wind turbine industry. The empirical findings reveal that latecomer firms not only exploit but increasingly co-create vanguard knowledge in global R&D networks through organizational diversification. Taking an evolutionary perspective, the paper extends our understanding of the changing nature of upgrading mechanisms and provides new insights into the reorganization of innovation processes in an era of technological change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new urbanization mode, smart cities provide a way to achieve the mutually beneficial situation of both economic development and environmental protection. As such, the question of whether and how smart-city construction can promote the high-quality development of urban economies is worth considering. By measuring the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of 233 cities in China from 2004–2019, this paper adopts the national pilot smart cities of China as a quasi-experiment and constructs a time-varying DID model to explore the direct, dynamic, and heterogeneity influence of smart-city construction on GTFP. The results indicate the following: (1) Smart-city construction can significantly promote the urban GTFP, which is mainly caused by the progress of green technology, and the effect is robust after a series of robustness tests; (2) smart-city construction can contribute to GTFP improvement primarily through accelerating technological innovation, promoting industrial upgrading, and realizing resource allocation optimization; and (3) smart cities that are larger in scale, have a higher administrative rank, and lie in eastern regions have stronger positive effects on GTFP. This study aims to contribute to the promotion of urban sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the interrelation between technological innovation (TI) and trade friction (TF) by applying the bootstrap rollingwindow full- and subsample Granger causality test from China in a sample from January 2002 to December 2021. Results show that the influence of TI on TF is twofold. On the one hand, TI is a push for TF. This finding is consistent with the ‘income effect’, which postulates that TI leads to more TF by affecting the income of other countries. On the other hand, TI has a negative influence on TF. This result confirms the ‘substitute effect’, implying that TI can benefit consumers by providing more high-quality and cheaper products. In turn, TF can hinder TI by reducing exporters’ profits. Based on these findings, governments should coordinate their efforts toward innovation and trade policies. At the same time, firms should master core technology and develop their high-performance products to avoid the risk of TF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeMethodology/approachFindingsResearch implicationsPractical implicationsOriginality/value/contribution of the paperThere is no doubt that technology impacts organizational processes and key performance. However, the success of an organization is influenced by the openness and willingness of staff to accept a specific technology. This study focuses on B2B marketing employees and aims to determine employee readiness and acceptance of new technology based on the impact of technology characteristics on employee perceptions with an ensuing effect on technology readiness and technology acceptance.This study employed the Stimulus-Organism-Response theory, and made use of views pertaining to Technology Readiness Index (TRI), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and Task-Technology Fit (TTF). Thus, the study investigated the impact of functionality, reliability, compatibility, and innovative features on perceived technological usefulness, task-technology fit, and trust in technology, and, further, their influence on technology readiness and technology acceptance. An online questionnaire was employed to collect data from B2B marketing employees in China working in companies that introduced at least one new technology for work purposes in the last 24 months. Based on a convenience sampling method, 450 valid questionnaires were collected. PLS-SEM was used to analyze the data.Functionality, reliability, compatibility, and innovative features had significant positive effects on perceived technological usefulness and task-technology fit. Functionality, reliability, and compatibility had significant positive effects on trust in technology. Among the four technology characteristics, the strongest influence was recorded in the case of compatibility on task-technology fit, while innovative features represented the only variable that displayed a non-significant relationship with an employee perception and trust in technology. Task-technology fit had significant positive impacts on perceived technological usefulness, trust in technology, technology readiness, and technology acceptance. Perceived technological usefulness and trust in technology displayed significant positive effects on technology readiness and technology acceptance. Among the three B2B marketing employee perceptions, the strongest relationship was the one between task-technology fit and trust in technology. Technology readiness had a significant positive influence on technology acceptance. Mediating effects were also computed, with indirect effects complementing the direct ones. Task-technology fit partially mediated the effects of functionality, reliability, compatibility, and innovative features on trust in technology. Trust in technology partially mediated the effects of task-technology fit on technology readiness and technology acceptance. Technology readiness partially mediated the effects of perceived technological usefulness and trust in technology on technology readiness. Innovative features, displaying a non-significant effect on trust in technology, had an indirect effect on it through task-technology fit.This study proposes a new research vein on B2B marketing employee technology adoption by investigating technology readiness and technology acceptance as dependent variables, as well as the impact of the former on the latter. Moreover, this research defined B2B marketing employee perceptions as perceived technological usefulness, task-technology fit, and trust in technology by combining two theories, TAM and TTF and arguing the importance of trust in technology in explaining employee behavior regarding technology usage. Trust in technology could compensate for lack of technology and build positive expectations about the effects of technology use, thus, acting as a trigger to adopt technology. Additionally, the selection of the characteristics of technology had as roots user perceptions, thus, integrating the two research streams on the impact of technology found in the literature, the user-centered and the technology-centered.B2B marketing managers can make use of the research findings by making sure that an implemented technology renders benefits connected to functionality, reliability, compatibility, and innovative features, as all of them were perceived by B2B marketing employees to be useful, supportive in meeting job requirements and being prerequisites of trust in technology. Managers should emphasize the matching between job requirements and technology features as compatibility, task-technology fit, and trust in technology showed the strongest connections. If employees understand that technology helps them in doing their jobs, they will build trust in technology and will be open to engage with technology and adopt it.The paper proposes a new avenue of exploring technology usage behavior. To this aim, the paper presents a model built on SOR, adding to the literature a different perspective. The stimuli (S) were technology characteristics built from the literature to match the four independent variables of TRI, namely optimism, innovativeness, discomfort, and insecurity. The organism variables (O) were drawn from TAM, adapting perceived usefulness from the model perceived, from TTF making use of task-technology fit, and adding trust in technology to these two in order to form employee perceptions on new technology. TAM and TTF were combined to document the appropriateness to use task-technology fit over perceived ease of use, moving the focus from the effort entailed to use the technology onto the matching between a job requirement and the technology. As responses (R), technology readiness and technology acceptance were used, combining dependent variables used in TRI and TAM. It is probably for the first time that these two variables are investigated so comprehensively in the same model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes this shift in the relationship between China and the United States, focusing in particular on the role of American corporations in shaping US geopolitical strategies with regard to China. Once aggressive promoters of economic integration with China, these firms now defend policies designed to block the growth of Chinese firms in Western markets and protect America's lead in critical emerging technologies. The current tension between the US and China, we argue, reflects, in part, a dispute for control over technical progress in these key areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The improvement of industrial Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is the basis for the high-quality development of China's economy. Sci-tech finance affects industrial TFP through screening and allocation mechanism, governance mechanism, and integration mechanism. Based on provincial panel data from 2009 to 2016, this paper constructs a comprehensive index of regional Sci-tech finance and explores the impact of Sci-tech finance on industrial TFP from two perspectives: differences in financial development levels and transmission paths. The results show that Sci-tech finance has a significant role in promoting the industrial TFP, but this promotion needs to meet certain financial development conditions. In high-level financial development areas, the promotion effect is significant. It is not linear. The effect is a threshold effect with the diminishing marginal efficiency. Sci-tech finance mainly promotes industrial TFP through boosting the industry's scientific and technological innovation capacity. Policies and channels of Sci-tech finance to support science and technology innovation are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The papers in this special issue focus on modelling knowledge and innovation spillovers with an emphasis on the context of China. The first paper decomposes the relative importance of economic growth into knowledge spillovers and technical diffusion, using cross-country data on a worldwide scale, as well as provincial data at the regional scale of China. The second paper investigates whether the economic and financial performances of reformed state-owned enterprises are affected by the presence of non-state-owned enterprises from related industries. The final paper examines how the spatial spillovers from inward and outward foreign direct investment affect the innovation activities of domestic firms in China's Shandong province. This special issue contributes to a better understanding of the channels for transferring knowledge and innovation spillovers in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of technological innovation, some companies own similar patent assets but capture different profits. The paper aims to explore whether and why there are different effects of patent assets on firm performance across industries. The listed corporations in the Growth Enterprises Market (GEM) of Shenzhen Stock Exchange, China, are taken as samples, which are categorised as three industries: the technology-intensive industry, capital-intensive industry, and labour-intensive industry, in light of the production factors. Moreover, the multiple stepwise regression and the fixed effects model are utilised. This paper highlights the effects of patent assets on firm performance are different across industries. Patent quality strongly influences firm performance in the technology-intensive industry, while patent count increases firm performance in the capital-intensive industry and labour-intensive industries. Notably, technological knowledge stock owned by companies plays a moderating role in influencing patent assets on firm performance in the technology-intensive industry. Our findings enrich the research on patent assets influencing financial performance from the industrial difference perspective and suggest that companies in different industries should take differentiated patent strategies to improve firm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese pharmaceutical industry has seen rapid development, with industrial mergers and acquisitions (M&As) increasing over the recent years. However, the studies focused on the characteristics and identified limited impacts of these M&As. This paper then intends to fill the gap by analyzing 393 completed M&As deals in China's pharmaceutical industry from 2004 to 2016 concerning 54 firms. This paper found that: (1) firms' innovation performance is higher when the industrial M&As activities are intensive. (2) M&As activity improves firms' innovation output while overly frequent M&As exert negative effects on innovation output. Stock payment is negatively associated with firms' innovation output. (3) Firms' innovation performance is statistically different between state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non-SOEs. Firms' innovation performance does not vary whether the acquisition was conducted by SOEs or non-SOEs. Apart from providing empirical evidence, this paper, in turn, proposes policy implications for further innovation development in the Chinese pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past years, human computer interaction (HCI) research and innovation have developed substantially, leading to a number of fruitful research topics. In this paper, we surveyed the HCI research and innovation in China from a 10-year perspective. We analyzed the popular research methodology and topics among Chinese researchers, including human modeling, user interface techniques, context awareness, user acceptance and performance, user experience design, human-AI interaction, HCI applications and social influences. We also conducted a bibliography analysis on the published papers in top-tier conferences and journals, which revealed a significant rising trend, and a generally broad distribution of research types. Moreover, we described typical applications and the industry influence of the research outcomes. We concluded with implications and reflections for HCI researchers across the world and shared the future research trends envisioned by Chinese researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fourth Industrial Revolution is in full swing, the whole world is pondering the same question: Where is the core breakthrough? With the continuous breakthrough and extensive application of cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and other next-generation information technologies, One sign has emerged: digital economy is becoming a new driving force for global economic growth. The impact of digital transformation on enterprises is to improve the quality and efficiency、Improve information quality, Or spread out limited resources and reduce productivity, There is no consensus among academics. To fill that gap, this paper aims to sort out the internal mechanism of how digital transformation improves the output quality of the technological innovation of enterprises from a theoretical perspective, and to establish a digital transformation index at the micro level. On this basis, this study empirically examines how digital transformation affects the output quality of technological innovation.we adopts panel data. It uses data collected from 159 manufacturing enterprises in China. By adopting the methods of PLS structural equation and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), it empirically tests the research model and conducts a mediation analysis through regression analysis. The findings indicated that, Digital transformation can help manufacturing enterprises to improve the output quality of their technological innovation; digital infrastructure plays a significant mediating role between digital transformation and the output quality of technological innovation; the investment of manufacturing enterprises in software and hardware digital infrastructure have a positive impact on the output quality of technological innovation. There is a complementary relationship between the two. The paper was conducted in the context of Chinese culture and can be generalized to other Asian countries. We believe that the research conclusions of this study have important practical significance for how manufacturing enterprises can effectively carry out digital transformation and improve the output quality of technological innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By decomposing the changes of carbon emissions into effects of economic growth, industrial structural change, technological change and energy structure change, the paper firstly discusses the contribution of each effect to China's carbon emission changes between 2020 and 2030, and forecasts China's total carbon emissions in 2030. In particular, the paper strengthens that a decrease in population and a significant slowdown in urbanization will significantly reduce the construction demand, the main driver for high growth of carbon emissions in China, and provide a relatively favorable economic environment for China to achieve carbon peaking by 2030. The paper then discusses on how to achieve the "dual carbon" goals with the lowest possible economic cost by relying on market and price mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the deepening of economic globalisation and the rapid development of the Internet, open innovation has become the main innovation paradigm for enterprises to win a competition. There are three modes of open innovation: inbound, outbound, and coupling. Among them, coupling open innovation can better meet the innovation needs of enterprises. This paper takes the survey data of 421 enterprises in 10 cities in East China as samples, and uses a neural network model to explore the relationship between coupling open innovation and innovation performance, as well as the moderating effect of open innovation platforms. The study found that for enterprises in the start-up, growing and transition stages, the proportion of inbound open innovation positively affects innovation performance; for enterprises in the mature stage, the proportion of outbound open innovation positively affects innovation performance. At the same time, there are peak points for both. The breadth of platform openness does not significantly moderate coupling open innovation and innovation performance, while the depth of platform openness has a significant moderating effect on coupling open innovation and innovation performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper estimates a knowledge production function to study the effects of local spillovers on the patenting activity and new innovation sales of Chinese firms during a period marked by rapid economic reform. We show that local spillovers expected to arise between co-located firms in related industries encourages firm innovation outcomes, especially among firms that diversify their core competencies into new related (versus unrelated) technological domains. Exploiting the gradual and spatially uneven economic transitioning process as a quasi-natural experiment, we find that the positive effects of relatedness on firm innovation are significantly larger in size following more intense market-oriented reforms. The results are potentially relevant for policy-makers in transitioning economies, highlighting for the first time the importance of firms' own diversification process and market-oriented reforms for encouraging innovation-enhancing technological related spillovers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its industrialization, China has been continuously promoting environmental governance, and it is worth studying whether this measure has been effective. In this paper, we use industrial pollution control to represent China's environmental governance. Further, we use growth drag caused by energy consumption to describe a win-win situation for energy conservation and economic development. This paper theoretically analyzes the impact of environmental governance on growth drag by incorporating the former into the growth drag model. Thereafter, using data from 283 cities for the period between 2003 and 2017, this paper applies the dynamic panel data model to investigate whether China's industrial pollution control can achieve a win-win situation and its transmission mechanism. The results show that industrial pollution control can alleviate growth drag, implying that China's environmental governance can achieve a win-win situation. However, the effect is more significant in Eastern China and areas with high industrial pollution control intensity. The transmission mechanism analysis shows that industrial pollution control achieves a win-win situation by improving technological innovation, promoting human capital accumulation, and optimizing manufacturing development, of which improving technological innovation is the most significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the potential impacts of foreign divestment on the growth of China's High-tech Manufacturing industry by developing a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model that features foreign direct investment (FDI). Simulation results show that when FDI inflow stops, domestic firms substitute foreign firms rapidly, stimulating output relative to the baseline scenario. However, when foreign divestment is continuous or drastic, there are sizable adverse impacts on domestic firms' output with the decreasing labour productivity relative to the baseline. The further decomposition of labour productivity growth suggests that larger foreign divestment results in a more substantial reduction in technological catch-up and technological change, implying the crucial role of FDI-related technology transfer and spillover in the growth of China's high-tech manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the listed companies in China, this paper studies the influence of government subsidies, R&D expenditures, and enterprise innovation using the Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) model on one another and by applying Generalised Method of Moments, Impulses Response Function, and Forecast-Error Variance Decomposition, by dividing enterprise innovation into substantive innovation and strategic innovation. Furthermore, the results show that subsidies and R&D expenditures of enterprises and the impact of scale on the relationship influence each other. Government subsidies and substantive innovation influence each other, while R&D expenditures and strategic innovation influence each other. Furthermore, scale affects the relationship among variables. There is a strong interrelationship between subsidies and R&D expenditures for small-scale enterprises, and a strong interrelationship between subsidies and substantive innovation for large-scale enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have investigated the factors that influence firms' decision engaging in government innovation programme, but some important horizontal factors have been largely ignored, such as the effect from industry peers. Based on signal theory and expectancy theory, this paper studies the role of industry peers who have obtained government R&D subsidies in raising awareness and motivation of other non-funded firms to engage in the same project. Using Chinese listed firms between 2008 and 2016 as the empirical sample, this paper introduces the awareness-motivation-capability (AMC) framework and uses the Logit regression to examine the associations between peer effects and strategy choice. The empirical results indicate that the number of funded firms in an industry and their superior performance have positive impact on non-funded firms to obtain government R&D subsidies, and these relationships are further strengthened by non-funded firms' innovation ability and profitability. This study makes contributions to literature on government R&D subsidies and peer effect by providing a view of imitation behaviour in innovation activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employing Chinese customs data and the Peking University Digital Financial Inclusion Index of China, this paper studies the impact of China's digital finance development on the upgrading of export at the city level and further explores the heterogeneity across cities and the mechanisms through which digital finance influences export upgrading. Benchmark results suggest that digital inclusive finance can significantly promote the upgrading of export. The heterogeneity analysis shows that cities with a smaller size, lower wage, higher human capital level, and better location advantage experience greater facilitating effects of digital inclusive finance on promoting export upgrading. It suggests that, compared with 'icing on the cake', the digital inclusive finance plays a better role in 'offering fuel in snowy weather', whereas full exertion of the inclusiveness of digital finance requires higher human capital and location advantage. Further mechanism analysis shows that innovation effect and market effect are the main channels where digital inclusive finance promotes the upgrading of a city's export. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses data from all the listed high-tech enterprises in China, from 2013 to 2018, as the samples employed to study the impact of government subsidies on the innovation of high-tech enterprises, as well as the subsidy mechanism. The mechanism is analysed mainly from the perspectives of resource effect and signal transmission effect. In the theoretical analysis, from the perspective of resource effect, the capital guiding role of government subsidies is considered. In addition, this study creatively discusses the impact of rent-seeking behaviour in combination with China's anti-corruption practice. From the perspective of signal transmission, government subsidies are no longer only interpreted as positive signals of the government being in favour of enterprise financing. This study further believes that government subsidies transmit a signal to the public, encouraging them to strengthen their supervision of subsidised enterprises. A multiple regression model and mediating effect model indicate that government subsidies achieve the purpose of stimulating enterprise innovation. The stimulating effect of government subsidies through financing constraints and signal transmission is 9.48% and 10.16%, respectively. These results are consistent with the positive externality theory and the signal transmission theory. At the end of the paper, several relevant suggestions are presented, according to the current developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sci-tech and finance plays an increasingly important role and have become an important driving force in economic development. In China, the problem of insufficient financial support for sci-tech innovation is important to enterprises. According to the internal relationship between different stages of Sci-tech and the finance system, this paper is aimed at exploring the efficiency measurement method between sci-tech and finance systems. Firstly the multi-stage collaborative structure of sci-tech finance is built, where the system of sci-tech is divided into three stages including the R&D stage, transformation stage of sci-tech achievements and industrialization stage, and the financing channel is the input of the finance system into the sci-tech system at different stages. The measurement method of the multi-stage collaborative efficiency between sci-tech and finance systems is put forward by the framework of network DEA. Then, taking China as an example, we collect the information of 30 provinces and cities from 2009 to 2016 and measure the efficiency of each system and the collaborative efficiency of the both. The efficiency's spatial correlation is tested by means of Moran index. Finally, the influencing factors of the collaborative efficiency are analyzed based on the spatial econometric regression model, which considers the financing channels and human capital. To sum up, there are significant differences in the sci-tech finance collaborative efficiency among regions in China. Among them, the collaborative efficiency of Beijing, Shanghai and Jiangsu ranks in the top three. Comparing the different stages of the sci-tech system, the commercialization stage is a weak link in many regions of China. Human capital and financing channels of sci-tech finance have different degrees of positive impact on the sci-tech finance collaborative efficiency. Among them, human capital plays a greater role in promoting the sci-tech finance collaborative development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technology innovation is an effective way to overcome the constraints of combining resources and environment. This paper focuses on the impacts of media attention and corporate environmental information disclosure on green technology innovation of China's 487 listed heavily polluting companies from 2007 to 2019. The corporate environmental information disclosure was measured using text analytics and data mining and considering the impacts of political connections. The results indicate that: (1) both positive and negative media attention and the quality of environmental information disclosure significantly contribute to corporate green technology innovation, with negative media attention having a more substantial impact than positive media attention; (2) The environmental information disclosure of China's heavily polluting industries acts as a mediator in the impact of negative media attention on enterprise green technology innovation; (3) Political connection as a moderating factor has a major suppressive impact on the mediating model. This paper enriches the research relevant to the drivers of green technology innovation in enterprises. It also provides new ideas for exploring the research on the influence on green technology innovation behavior from the perspective of political connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of tightening resource and environmental constraints globally, it is urgent to promote enterprise's green technological innovation through environmental regulation. This paper uses the panel data of Chinese listed companies from 2009 to 2019 to empirically test the relationship between environmental regulation and green technological innovation, and it also explores the transmission mechanism of executive compensation between these two. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) environmental regulation can promote enterprise green technological innovation. (2) Environmental regulation negatively influences the enterprise green technological innovation by reducing executive compensation. (3) The effect of environmental regulation on the promotion of green technological innovation of enterprise is higher in coastal areas than inland areas of China; while the effect of environmental regulation on the promotion of green technological innovation of enterprise is higher in state-owned enterprises than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike many Western countries, the Chinese state has a much more active role in innovation that includes direct involvement with actors in innovation processes and the use of state capacity, money, and power to attain certain goals. With the rise of China, innovation processes that critically depend on state action, often labeled state‐led innovation, have thus received growing scholarly attention. However, only few contributions study the specific sector of new energy vehicles (NEV) and policy measures applied at the city level. This paper examines policy and planning tools used in Shenzhen, China, to assert innovation in the NEV industry, using an evaluation of documents and interviews. The paper finds that a city can play a decisive role in the implementation of innovation policy, and Chinese cities in particular make use of a broad set of innovation support measures ranging from binding quotas, public procurement, and incentives to bans and orders. The findings underline the importance of strong regulatory instruments that do not conform to the Western notion of market‐compliant policy, but nevertheless work effectively in the Chinese context. Moreover, the results highlight how successful policy support for innovation in the NEV can be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the instrumental variable method and a fixed-effects model, this paper uses panel data from 283 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2016 to analyse the impact of environmental regulation on the international competitiveness of China. The results suggest that (1) the strengthening of environmental regulation hinders the international competitiveness of Chinese cities; (2) technological innovation, resource allocation and government intervention all have partial mediating effects between the intensity of environmental regulation and the international competitiveness of Chinese cities. Nevertheless, if reasonable environmental policies can be formulated to enable the organic coordination of technological innovation, resource allocation and government intervention, it is possible to achieve a win-win situation between environmental regulation and the international competitiveness of Chinese cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The political concept of indigenous innovation in China sets out a guiding principle for the country's major transformation towards becoming an innovation nation. However, firms' innovation strategies and capabilities in middle-income countries are usually heterogeneous, making a uniform response to this concept at the company level highly unlikely. The paper's empirical contribution is based on analysing survey data on technologically advanced machinery firms in China. It uses a multinomial model approach to establish which drivers of innovation go hand-in-hand with the different innovation strategies. This paper identifies different innovation strategies and forms of innovation that co-emerge as part of this transformation, leading to four firm groups: low-cost producers, technology-oriented producers, user-oriented innovators and technology-oriented innovators. It thus contributes to a more differentiated view of the effects of China's innovation-focused transformation. We find that R&D investments, governmental R&D support and scientific collaborations are key factors to distinguish between the above-mentioned groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present paper studies the relationship between the industrial development environment (IDE) and the innovation efficiency (IE) of China’s high-tech industry. First, drawing upon insights from research on regional innovation systems and sectoral innovation systems, the paper proposes a definition of the IDE within which China’s high-tech industry exists. Then, by a factorial analysis, three main components reflecting the IDE are obtained: regional development conditions, regional consumption potential, and interactions between innovation actors. Furthermore, the impacts of various facets of the IDE on three kinds of IE are investigated through the DEA-Tobit regression approach. Based on the results, our analysis can provide information for policymakers to create a favourable environment for China’s high-tech industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wave of the digital era, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has emerged as the primary tool for intelligent construction and digital transformation in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. China's focus on policy guidance for the dissemination and application of BIM technology has promoted high-quality development and technological innovation in the AEC industry. However, few studies have described the multi-dimensional evolution picture of BIM technology policy in China, and lack of effective grasp and prediction of policy evolution law and future direction. An improved policy quantitative analysis framework is built using natural language processing (NLP) based on deep learning in this paper. The dynamic characteristics of 242 Chinese BIM technology policy documents from 1998 to 2022 in the PKULAW database are quantitatively analyzed by the framework, and the four-stage integrated evolution of Chinese BIM technology policy is quantitatively mapped in a visual form through network analysis and dynamic topic model (DTM). Furthermore, this research conducts a comprehensive discussion from three dimensions, providing valuable insights for policy makers and industry participants in China. The findings contribute to the deep integration of policy optimization and the construction industry, while also aiming to share China's experience in BIM technology governance with other countries and regions. Ultimately, this study seeks to support the global AEC industry in its digital transformation and development by offering valuable knowledge and perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the causal effect of regional market integration on firm productivity through the use of 2001–2008 firm-level microdata in China. The research design relies on a regression discontinuity design based on China's Pan-Pearl River Delta (PPRD) regional cooperation policy. The results indicate that the PPRD regional cooperation policy increases the total factor productivity (TFP) of firms by 6% on average. The positive impact of the PPRD regional cooperation policy on TFP is greater for private firms, large firms, and labour-intensive firms. Exploring the mechanism through which regional cooperation increases firm TFP, we find that the PPRD regional cooperation policy improves firms' productivity primarily by expanding the scale of firms, promoting technological innovation, and optimizing the allocation of factors. The study findings deepen our understanding of productivity improvement from the perspective of the market environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the new development pattern, green low-carbon and digital economy become two mainstream development directions in China. Against the background 'dual carbon' strategies, based on the data of China between 2010 and 2018 at the city level, The paper adopts dynamic spatial Durbin models to investigate the causal links causal between digital economy and carbon intensity by constructing different spatial weight matrices, and explore the influence of human capital with threshold model. Results show that：(1) Urban digital economy and carbon intensity show significant positive spatial correlation characteristics. The carbon reduction of digital economy has obvious spatial spillover effect under different spatial weight matrices. (2) Industrial structure upgrading, technological innovation and resource allocation optimization are effective channels through which digital economy contributes to carbon emission reduction. (3) A double-threshold effect of human capital is evident in the carbon reduction of digital economy. The findings offer new perspectives and empirical evidence for understanding the causality relation between the digital economy and carbon emission, and those conclusions have important policy implications for how to promote the digital economy development and thus achieve the 'double carbon goal'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emissions trading schemes (ETS) area is a leading climate policy instrument worldwide and have been widely discussed and researched. However, few studies to date focus on the nexus of ETS and income inequality, an important socioeconomic phenomenon. To fill this gap, taking China as an example, this paper discusses the influence of ETS on income inequality and its dynamic changes using a time-varying differences-in-difference model combined with a propensity score matching approach. The results demonstrate that China's pilot ETS has contributed to reducing income inequality. Various robustness tests support this conclusion. Moreover, the strength of ETS's contribution to reduction in income inequality gradually increases over time. We further analyze the mediating effects of carbon intensity, energy consumption, industrial structure, and technological innovation. ETS reduces income inequality by reducing coal consumption. The regional heterogeneity analysis shows that, unlike in other regions, ETS has a positive impact on income inequality (i.e. it increases it) in the eastern region in China due to its optimized energy structure and relatively complete, open, and flexible economy system. The paper discusses the above findings and their policy implications. It is also designed to promote research on ETS and to diversify research perspectives of income inequality from both theoretical and practical aspects. Evidence from China's pilot experience with ETS shows that it contributes significantly to balancing income distribution and alleviating the increasingly acute social conflicts caused by income inequality. This provides new theoretical and decision support for the promotion of ETS in the future. The energy revolution driven by ETS promotes income redistribution, which is conducive to income equality. Governments should enforce the constraints of ETS on power generation companies; guide capital to invest more in the non-thermal power industry, especially the renewable energy power sectors; and guide and regulate the income distribution in new power sectors. Governments' revenue from ETS can and should be used to further redistribution of income and to reduce income inequality. A higher number of free quotas and a lower carbon price could be imposed on low-profit or labor-intensive industries to reduce their emission costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of the resource-based view, it is of great significance to assess the mechanism through which knowledge transfer received dimensions (tacit and explicit) affect enterprise innovation performance. Explicitly, the study proposes a moderated moderation model of entrepreneurial opportunity types (innovative and imitative) and environmental dynamism to address this mechanism. In a sample of 314 foreign subsidiaries located in China, we find that: (1) Knowledge transfer received types have a positive influence on enterprise innovation performance, (2) The positive influence is contingent on innovative opportunities, whereas no significant association exists among imitative opportunities, explicit knowledge transfer received, and enterprise innovation performance, (3) The positive effect of innovative opportunities on the knowledge transfer received dimensions-innovation performance links increases when the environmental dynamism is in high tempo. Our paper highlights the importance of incorporating entrepreneurial opportunities and environmental dynamism in probing successful knowledge transfer received dimensions-innovation performance links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of carbon price in emissions trading schemes (ETS) is an important issue in China in the context of its ambitious climate change goals. This paper adopts a staggered difference-in-differences model to estimate whether China's ETS reduced CO2 emissions while maintaining economic growth even under low carbon prices. The results indicate that despite the low carbon prices, the ETS effectively reduced CO2 emissions without undermining the economy. Specifically, an increase of $1 in the carbon price reduced CO2 emissions by 1.69% and increased the per capita GDP by $286. The carbon price primarily achieved emission reduction and promoted economic development through channels, such as technological innovation, foreign direct investment, energy mix, and industrial structure. Carbon leakage to neighboring regions was not evident. Heterogeneity analysis showed that the environmental effects of the carbon price were more pronounced in regions with higher levels of economic development and CO2 emissions. Conversely, the economic effects of the carbon price were more pronounced in regions with lower levels of economic development and CO2 emissions. The carbon price achieved significant economic effects in regions that solely adopted the free allocation mode of emission allowances, while regions that used a combination of free allocation and auctioning experienced substantial emission reduction effects. Despite low carbon prices, China's ETS effectively reduced CO2 emissions without compromising economic growth. This finding provides new empirical evidence for the effectiveness of carbon price as well as decision support for the future promotion of ETS. Technological innovation, FDI, energy mix, and industrial structure are crucial channels through which the carbon price achieves emission reduction and promotes economic development. The absence of carbon leakage to neighboring regions suggests that ETS is an internally effective mechanism for emission control. Heterogeneity analysis showed that regional characteristics and allowance allocation modes can influence the effectiveness of carbon price, thus emphasizing the importance of targeted policy design and appropriate allocation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upgrade of industrial structure is one type of momentum for improving urban ecological efficiency, and exploring the nexus between them can help implement the concept of green development. Using data from 284 cities in China between 2004 and 2019, this research employs a series of econometric models to examine how improving industrial structure contributes to the growth of urban ecological efficiency. The research results reveal that urban ecological efficiency can be significantly improved by industrial structure upgrade, while ecological efficiency is inhibited by low-quality GDP and financial development models and insignificantly decreased by industrial structure rationalization. In addition, industrial structure upgrading has failed to play a mediating role in promoting eco-efficiency through technological innovation and the reduction of pollutant emission intensity. Moreover, officials' turnover plays a negative moderating influence on the role of industrial upgrading in increasing ecological efficiency, while environmental regulation plays the opposite role. This study further conducts triple heterogeneity tests including city size, resource endowment, and regional heterogeneity, which provide a feasible way for further implementation of relevant policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes the China high- and new-technology enterprise (HNTE) program implemented in 2008 as a quasi-natural experiment. Difference-in-differences (DID) estimate with matching data from the China Industrial Enterprise Database, the China Customs Database and the HNTE Certification Database for 2006–2010 is used to study the impact of HNTE certification on enterprises' export product quality. The results show that, overall, HNTE certification promotes the upgrading of export product quality. Moreover, the improvement of innovation ability brought by HNTE certification is an important channel to promote such upgrades. A series of robustness tests also confirm the above conclusions. In addition, heterogeneity analyses are conducted based on the enterprise size, ownership and trade mode, respectively. The results show that the mechanism by which HNTE certification policy promotes export product quality through the improvement of enterprise innovation ability is more significant in non-SOEs and general trading enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The firm survival risk is essential to intellectual property strategy implementing in China, however only a few studies focus on this problem. The paper investigates the effect of intellectual property rights protection system (IPR) on survival risk. Specifically, we use an event history analysis to track 8486 firms entering the market from the year 2000, and employ computing methods of the time-dependent Cox model. One important finding from this study is that the survival risks of R&D firms can be reduced approximately 22.57% by every additional unit of intellectual property, and the marginal effect raises to 28.33% with the exclusion of the administrative factors. Another important finding is that the relationship between IPR protection and survival risk is affected by R&D revenue. Finally, the survival risk for all those firms with substantive innovation rather than strategic innovation can be greatly affected by IPR system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is a collective endeavour with a duality of 'exploration' and 'exploitation'. Balancing the paradox between the two is the key to improving team innovation performance. Based on emergence theory, we build a dual-path model linking high-performance work system (HPWS) and team ambidexterity. Using multi-source data of 338 employees nested in 57 work teams, we found a positive relationship between HPWS and team ambidexterity, which is mediated by team social capital and team psychological capital respectively. Moreover, team leadership support moderates the mediating effects of team social and psychological capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective innovation is a significant cause of competitive advantage. The evaluation of regional green technology innovation (GTI) performance in China has gained tremendous interest. In this paper, the GTI activities are split into two components: the green technology R&D (GTR) stage and the technology achievement transformation (TAT) stage. While doing so, we consider the time lag of the GTI process and managerial disposability of the undesirable output. The combination of the network epsilon-based measure (EBM) model and meta-frontier Malmquist-Luenberger (MML) index constitutes a comprehensive analytical framework for evaluating the regional GTI performance in China. This study's empirical results indicate that: (1) China's overall average efficiency of GTI (0.817) is between the efficiency of GTR (0.725) and the efficiency of TAT (0.929); (2) the average efficiencies in the GTR stage fluctuate considerably, with average efficiencies relatively high and constant in the TAT stage; (3) technological progress is the key element which contributes to improvements in the MML index of overall and sub-process GTI; and (4) from a national perspective, the MML index of the overall GTI varies from 0.980 to 1.128 each year, with an average annual growth of 2.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovation efficiency of an enterprise is subject to the behavior of the innovation subject, while the equity pledge behavior of the controlling shareholder not only brings convenience for innovation investment and financing, but also brings risks which has an impact on the innovation output of the enterprise. In this paper, we investigate how equity pledge of controlling shareholders affect the enterprise innovation efficiency using the data of China's A-share listed companies from 2014 to 2020, and examine the effect of property right structure on the relationship between them from the two dimensions of equity nature and equity concentration. We find that equity pledge of controlling shareholders are signifcantly negatively related to innovation efficiency, meaning that equity pledge inhibits the innovation behavior of enterprises and reduces the innovation efficiency. We further provide evidence to show that the impediment effect of equity pledge of controlling shareholder on enterprise innovation efficiency is more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises and decentralized equity enterprises. Moreover, our analysis shows that different equity concentration levels have different effects in the process of equity pledge affecting enterprise innovation efficiency and the effect of concentrated equity enterprises is lower than that of decentralized enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coordinating and managing the contradictions among the environment, resources and economy is an urgent problem in China. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2004 to 2017, this paper empirically studies the impact of environmental regulation on China's high-quality economic development and the mediating effect mechanism through the spatial Durbin model and threshold model. The results show that China's high-quality economic development shows a fluctuating upward trend, and the east is higher than the middle and west. Environmental regulation significantly inhibits high-quality economic development, but its impact is moderated by accelerating industrial upgrading, promoting technological innovation, and enhancing foreign direct investment. As the primary driving force, technological innovation has a significant spatial spillover effect. The results show that industrial upgrading has no threshold effect, and technological innovation and foreign direct investment have the characteristics of a 'U' single threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies the incomplete contracts model to study an optimal banking structure corresponding to different levels of technological development from the perspective of technological innovation. The findings indicate that, with the development of technology, there exists an optimal banking structure that matches the real economy and has a dynamic evolution in different stages of economic development. At the same time, an optimal banking structure depends on the level of technological development, which seems to render invalid the argument that one structure is absolutely better than the other. Finally, the paper empirically analyzes the impact of banking structure on technological innovation using the data of China's industrial enterprises from 2005 to 2009. The empirical results show firstly that, with economic development and technological progress, an optimal banking structure that promotes technological innovation is biased towards a monopoly structure. Secondly, from the perspective of the sub-regional level of technological progress, a competitive banking structure is more conductive to technological innovation in low-tech areas but, in medium- and high-tech areas, a monopolistic banking structure will further promote technological innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previously, most literature has argued that FDI spillovers are dependent upon the degree of foreign presence in host regions, but often neglected FDI expansion time-based characteristics’ roles. This paper therefore develops the constructs of pace and rhythm as key features of foreign expansion process. It moves the concept of time compression diseconomies beyond the firm level to cities, and hopes to investigate how technological upgrading in one region is influenced by the FDI expansion process. Based on the panel data set of 244 Chinese cities over 2004-2011, our results illustrate that irregular and unpredictable foreign expansions significantly diminish FDI spillovers in Chinese cities, and it also directly impedes technological upgrading in local area. Rapid foreign expansion process itself impedes technological upgrading, but it significantly enhances technology transfers and disseminations of FDI in Chinese cities. Moreover, this paper also provides implications to contribute to the theoretical framework, and helps policy-makers’ decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies a positive causal effect of social security contributions on corporate innovation by exploiting the staggered passage of social contributions collection reforms in China. The collection of social security contributions was switched from social security institutions to tax authorities in Chinese provinces that have adopted collection reforms, which reduced employer-borne contributions. Our results indicate that a decrease in employer social security contributions induces an increase in the demand for labor by making labor less costly, subsequently discouraging labor-saving innovation. Moreover, the response of the innovation to the reforms is stronger for labor-intensive firms and non-state-owned enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese listed companies recently come out a set of serious agency problems. For example, directors and controlling shareholders highly override company interests. Conventional governance methods such as introducing non-executive directors couldn't effectively solve this problem. The proposal of encouraging non-controlling major shareholders to actively participate in corporate decision-making becomes more popular nowadays. This paper studies the mechanism of non-controlling major shareholders' exit threat on corporate innovation, and explore the impact of property rights and corporate life cycles on this mechanism. The result shows the exit threat of non-controlling major shareholders did not promote corporate innovation. This is mainly because major shareholders pursue short-term benefits and tend to support financial asset investment rather than R&D investment. Our research also come out that the inhibitory effect of the exit threat of non-controlling major shareholders on corporate innovation is more significant for non-state-owned and mature enterprises in China. This article finds Chinese capital market investors pay more attention to short-term interests and lack the long-term value investment awareness, which is not conducive to the long-term development of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial policy (IP) toward technology innovation (TI) is a focus of the US trade war against China. The US is forcing China to stop IP uses in promoting TI that directly threaten the US technology leaders, like its reaction to China's plan of "Made in China 2025". Does China have too many IP? Does the US use IP? What TI patterns affect IP? This paper develops the following points as conclusions: (a) Due to market failures, all countries implement IP in their economic development; (b) original innovation (OI) involves a lot of risks and uncertainties such that entrepreneurship rather than government plays a key role, while imitation innovation (II) is much less risky and uncertain so that more rooms are left for IP; (c) technology-leading countries like the US has to conduct OI to maintain their advantages, and catching-up countries like China do more II, thus more IP are adopted in China than the US; and (d) the US engaged substantially IP in the history and is deploying various IP to meet challenges from China; and (e) economic and political institutions matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]