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A concept of the smart contract powered by Ethereum has raised the attention of investors in the crypto-currency market in the light of the distributed account book techniques in the Era of Blockchain 2.0. Based on the digitalization of the financial tools, smart contract adopts the smart validation and execution of the computation protocols extending the blockchain to the application level of use to reinforce the security and transparency of transaction deals. This paper aimed to investigate the principle, functions, ground mechanism of the smart contract, and protection approaches and evaluated the security issues existed in the investment process. Lastly, the paper summarized the Smart Contract design and development, loopholes, and protection approaches in the Smart Contract applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is a decentralised peer to peer ledger of data. It provides features like Immutability, Transparency, and Trustworthiness. Due to all the benefits, blockchain can have a great impact in the field of education. In education, there is already a growing problem of fake certificates. Blockchain can prove to be a great solution to solve this issue. For this purpose, we took a deeper look at what is blockchain and what is being done in the education domain with regards to storing certificates and verification of them using blockchain technology. In particular, we explored how Smart Contracts can be used to provide storage for certificates. Finally, we looked at the challenges in adopting blockchain-based solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of Industry 4.0 leads to the latest technology, and blockchain is one of them. Blockchain guarantees transparency, decentralization and protection of a transaction. It revolutionizes industries where entrust and security have vital significance. In the blockchain network, data is recorded in the form of blocks. The first block of the blockchain network is acknowledged as Genesis-Block. The rest of the blocks are added to the blockchain in chronological order so that participants entities can keep an eye on digital transactions deprived of the interference of third parties or central authorities. Transactions on the blockchain network require a set of rules and regulations. These rules are known as consensus algorithms. The consensus algorithm is a procedure employed for common agreement, validation, verification, and confirmation of transactions in a blockchain network. Examples of popular consensus algorithms are Proof-of-Work (PoW), Proof-of-Burn (PoB), Proof-of- Stake (BoS), Directed-Acyclic-Graph (DAG), Practical-Byzantine-Fault-Tolerance (PBFT), Proof-of-Elapsed-Time (PoET), etc. Initially, the paper introduces the evolution and categorization of blockchain networks. Subsequently, a brief discussion on available consensus algorithms and the inclusion process of a node in blockchain networks. Furthermore, the paper compares existing blockchain consensus algorithms based on various significant parameters such as scalability, transaction rate, tolerated power, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, online ride-hailing services have revolutionized the transportation industry, offering convenient and efficient mobility solutions. However, these services face challenges related to passenger-driver matching, leading to longer wait times, inefficient routes, and increased costs. This paper proposes a novel approach for an online ride-hailing service by leveraging blockchain technology and a pre-matching information scheme. The integration of blockchain enables a secure and decentralized platform, while the pre-matching information scheme enhances the matching process, resulting in optimized ride-hailing experiences for both passengers and drivers. A decentralized method called peer-to-peer carpooling makes it possible for people to share their vehicles with other people who are headed in the same direction. This paper explores the feasibility of creating a decentralized carpooling system using blockchain technology. The proposed method intends to create a safe and effective platform for carpooling, obviating the need for middlemen and establishing a direct link between drivers and riders. The design and implementation of the blockchain-based carpooling system, includes smart contracts, payment options, and user verification. The case study illustrates the viability and efficiency of the suggested solution. Blockchain technology presents a viable answer to conventional carpooling systems by offering lower prices, more security and various advantages. The simulation study's findings suggest that incorporating the route split feature can significantly enhance the performance metrics of a ride-sharing application. The results reveal improvements in various aspects, such as the ride publishing and booking processes, which encompass payment methods for successfully booked rides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology is one of the most sensational and under rated technology in current technological and financial sector. The great wave in blockchain technology for the banking sector is still unexplored to its depth, as the need for new technology in all the areas of life is a necessity nowadays. The study was conducted to identify different services that the financial sector can provide to its customer by accepting a unified blockchain technology. The fundamental inkling of blockchain technology is, its public and the same is shared in a tamperproof ledger which allows the heterogenous community to share the sensitive data over a distributed ledger. This paper gives an idea about how this tamperproof technology can be used to increase the efficiency, transparency and to lower the risk and expenditure associated with the highly sophisticated data of an individual in relation to banking sector. The technology has great potential to overcome the disadvantages of the current central server system in banking industry, which is highly prone to hacking and cracking. The blockchain technology is current meant to be a hack proof system which is still in its initial stage of development. As the technology is still in pilot testing stage on banking sector, once the same is found feasible to with stand the current market need, this will bring an economic and technological boom to different sectors. The most exciting premises about blockchain technology is, it makes banks pointless. Though, this paper contends that the advantages of block chain technology will be used by the financial institutions in a first mover place rather becoming outdated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing is a type of storage that helps share computing resources among several users, which helps reduce the investment and maintenance cost of the storage. However, security is a significant issue in cloud computing. The various vulnerabilities in the technology, like its weak scalability and privacy leakage, are discussed in this paper. To enhance the security of the cloud server, a novel framework is proposed in this paper. The framework will use blockchain technology to encrypt the data into the registers and to safeguard it. Initially, the base technology of blockchain and its definition are explained along with the recent trends in this technology. OpenSSL library and Elliptical Curve Cryptography are proposed to enhance the security of blockchain technology. A Dynamic Link library (DLL) calculates the hash values. It is also used to generate the identifiers and to integrate the two techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lately, far off sensor networks had been widely applied in hospital therapy programs, like sanatorium and domestic affected person observing. Remote scientific sensor networks are greater defenceless in opposition to listening in, modification, pantomime and replaying attacks than the stressed out organizations. An extremely good deal of labor has been accomplished to get far off scientific sensor organizations. The modern-day preparations can make sure the affected person records for the duration of transmission, but can not prevent inside attack wherein the overseer of the affected person statistics set uncovers the sensitive affected person records. In this paper, we advocate a beneficial manner to address stop inside attack via way of means of using numerous records employees to shop affected person records. The precept dedication of this paper is correctly appropriating the affected person records in one-of-a-kind records employees and using the Paillier and ElGamal cryptosystems to carry out dimension exam at the affected person records with out buying and selling off the patients' safety. Remote scientific sensor networks actually enhance affected person's nature of-care with out frightening their solace. Notwithstanding, there exist Several capability safety risks to the affected person sensitive physiological records communicated over the general public diverts and positioned away withinside the back-quit frameworks. Average safety risks to clinical offerings programs with WSNs may be summed up as follows. Snooping is a safety risk to the affected person records protection. A snoop, having an superb recipient reception apparatus, would possibly have the choice to trap the affected person records from the scientific sensors and thusly realizes the affected person's disorder. He may also even submit the affected person's disorder on interpersonal organization, which could constitute a actual risk to affected person protection. Pantomime is a safety risk to the affected person records legitimacy. In a domestic attention application, an aggressor may also mimic a far off rely factor even as affected person records is sending to the remote area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare is a service that provides healthcare services to patients with blockchain technology. Blockchain technology is an emerging technology that enables for the communication between patients and medical experts to take place over the internet. It enables the healthcare unit to exploit trustworthy data rapidly and easily, either simultaneously or simultaneously with other tasks. In this paper, we have developed a strategy that makes use of the possibilities provided by blockchain technology to ensure the privacy and security of patient data. The proposed strategy uses a blockchain that is available to all nodes, and it can determine whether a certain node can be trusted. It is possible for a patient to be open to the notion of switching their primary care physician and commencing therapy with another user. This is done by collecting the data from a wide variety of IoT devices, and this information may then be transmitted over fog and edge computing gateways. This information may be used by the gateway, which is the component that establishes a connection to the cloud computing service. We have constructed a test bed to evaluate the process of smart contract sharing between two peer nodes. It has been proposed that each of these nodes should have their very own specialised test beds to make the most out of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voting has a big impact on democracy. The integrity and legitimacy of the entire system are in danger if the voting procedure is not transparent, reliable, and impenetrable. Traditional voting methods have not been well-liked in recent years by either citizens or elected officials. Vote tampering, bribery, and other voting issues surround elections. Voting often requires standing in a large queue of voters and takes a considerable amount of time. There must be a means to adapt contemporary technologies to improve the current system to solve these issues. There are several elements built into blockchain technology that can improve the current situation. The implementation of a blockchain voting system based on Ethereum is costly and computationally intensive. To use blockchain as a decentralized electronic voting system, this paper evaluates various blockchain use cases. This research also aims to investigate several ways to lower the running costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Blockchain is a decentralized database that stores data that all network participants can access. The central authority is no longer in charge of maintaining this public database by running a cryptographic protocol with designated nodes. Bitcoin is presently the latest object within the Blockchain, and the Bitcoin node can confirm the transaction content and package deal it into the block. Through the underlying consensus agreement, the blockchain ensures the consistency of the information. These consensus algorithms are unique because the set of rules protection assumptions differs from the actual requirements. This paper provides information and compares various blockchain consensus algorithms, classifies advancement based entirely on blockchain consensus, and highlights the benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of block chain in e-commerce optimizes every process of the e-commerce. It boosts the benefits to end customers, merchants, and suppliers. In this research paper, study is conducted to know how e-commerce process can be optimized by integrating with blockchain platform. Blockchain offers streamlined processes and seamless experience to its stakeholders. The use of hyper ledger keeps the record more authentic and secure. Blockchain upholds the value system like trust and loyalty. All participants have equal rights. Blockchain eliminates unnecessary processes and makes it much faster. Payment and refund will be faster, and counterfeit goods will be eliminated. The information stored in blockchain cannot be manipulated or deleted. The information provided by the merchant on the product description is highly authentic. Cryptocurrency removes the barriers of foreign exchange. The study also focuses on the challenges of implementing blockchain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid digitization of healthcare records has led to an increasing need for secure and efficient methods to store and retrieve Electronic Health Records (EHR). In this study, we address the critical aspect of ensuring data privacy during the retrieval of EHR from hospital databases. Encryption serves as a pivotal measure to safeguard sensitive health information. This paper explores the suitability of PRESENT-80, a lightweight encryption algorithm, for securing EHR within a blockchain environment. Through comparative analysis and simulation, we demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of PRESENT-80 in comparison to AES and DES, further advocating for its application in healthcare data security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI), Blockchain, and the Internet of Things are all new technologies impacting people's lives. These technologies can change how we communicate, run our businesses, and even how governments work for their people. Artificial intelligence has disrupted the way traditional marketing practices are conducted and changed how business processes are done. Organizations and governments increasingly turn to artificial intelligence (AI) to improve customer experience, operational efficiency, fraud detection, and cyber security. The revolutionary buzzword, artificial intelligence (AI), has transformed our personal and professional lives. Industry 4.0 considers AIadoption significant due to its potential benefits. Since its inception, it has presented several possibilities and difficulties to various businesses. As a result, several AI-powered technologies have been created, and they have the potential to raise significantly living standards while also boosting the economy. This paper has conducted a conducive study of the marketing tools and techniques that adopt AI while looking through the loopholes to suggest howAI can be adopted quickly into the day-to-day lives of the human race. Based on this, it has recommended a course of action for India that entails the development of infrastructure, policies and rules, research and development, and humanresources. It is necessary for all parties involved to gather and address these problems. Infrastructure development, applications in the public sector, policy & regulation, technological development, and human resource development are all key responsibilities of the government. However, with the assistance of business, they may be accomplished effectively. For this study, the authors have employed secondary data. Future empirical studies might be conducted to compare the development of artificial intelligence technology in India to that of other emerging nations. The study is based on secondary data to demonstrate the development of artificial intelligence technology in India and overseas. However, empirical research may be conducted in the future. The writers' original points of view are presented in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present era is witnessing rapid development in the smartphone revolution, where mobile users can access many required services through mobile applications. These services include healthcare, finance, learning, insurance, and the Internet of Things. Android has become the most popular smartphone operating system, and this rapidly increasing adoption of Android has led to a significant increase in the number of malware compared to previous years, resulting in issues related to the insecurity of mobile applications and the violation of their users' privacy. A large role in this mobile phone revolution has been played by the emergence of blockchain technology (BCT), which represents an effective way to develop applications, improve their security, and protect the privacy of their users. The aim of this paper is to design a system architecture for the software and provide a prototype that uses BCT at its core for the purpose of storing and sharing malicious data while also integrating a malicious detection technique. We employed the design science research approach to guide our project. Through this approach, we successfully integrated a malware detection technique with BCT in an Android application, resulting in a decentralized feature that enables peers to add and share malware data. Furthermore, we have developed an easy-to-use interface that allows users to interact with the blockchain in the Android application. This interface displays the results of the malware signature detection algorithm and enables users to take appropriate action if malware is detected. We have employed a design science methodology to develop a software framework, and open-source code meeting the tool's requirements has been provided. Finally, the proposed methodology has been evaluated against the existing methodologies and compared with the other techniques to demonstrate the effectiveness of the blockchain-based detection tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain has numerous benefits essential to supply chain such as having independent validity and authorization proofs of every transaction for more transparency, immutability, trust and expedited processing. Not leveraging this technology in the UAE cold food logistics does not allow for SMART operation and elimination of current waste. The aim of this research paper is to investigate the challenges faced in the UAE's cold food logistics field, identify the factors that contribute to forming those challenges and outline how blockchain technology-based 'intelligent' systems resolve inefficiency costs caused by delays, cancellations, double spending and disputes. Logistics service clientele and Logistical operators (domestic and global), academic and research scholars, information technology vendors and specialists, governments, regulatory bodies, customs, ports, custom clearance service providers, health, safety and quality professionals will directly benefit from this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a cutting-edge technology that enables virtual and physical objects to connect and communicate, resulting in new digitized services that enhance our quality of life. Despite its many advantages, the current centralized architecture of IoT poses various challenges such as single point of failure, security concerns, privacy issues, lack of transparency, and data integrity problems. These obstacles hinder the future progress of IoT applications. Moving the IoT to one of the decentralized technologies is the right solution to these issues. Blockchain is considered as the most common and popular decentralized technology. It is a new technology that operates with a decentralized, distributed, public, and real-time ledger to store transactions between IoT nodes. The main focus of this paper is on utilizing Blockchain technology for the IoT, specifically showcasing how different features of Blockchain can be utilized as a service in various IoT applications. The increasing penetration of Blockchain and IoT in various companies and industries primarily enables secure storage of large amounts of sensitive data, which can grow at a tremendous pace for the global IoT Blockchain market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's healthcare industry, data integrity is a chronic issue. It guarantees that the data is correct and has not been altered with in any way. Incorrect data might pose serious health risks for patients and place a major burden on practitioners, leading to issues such as fraud, misbehavior, insufficient treatment, and data theft. This research paper focuses on the evolution of data integrity breaches, a problem that has emerged in the aftermath of counter-arguments to current cyber-attack patterns. Data integrity breaches are perhaps a greater serious threat to the healthcare business than data theft, as they might allow attackers to change anything in the record. In all data integrity management strategies, it i s indicated that Blockchain is the most commonly used way for regular usage and adaption around the globe. This article will critically explore the issues provided by data integrity in the healthcare sector and will provide a Blockchain based solution to overcome this problem. As a contribution in research, we have proposed a layered framework that critically addresses the issue of data integrity in healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IoT Playing Remarkable roll in today's world, Nowadays, most smart devices have many sensors such as temperature sensor, humidity sensor, heartbeat sensor etc., these smart devices to detect information about their surroundings through sensors, and act accordingly. Internet connection of such devices are called the Internet of Things. As IoT is implemented successfully in different fields around the world, number of IoT networks newly created increase. It opens up new research area. IoT involves integration of multiple technologies. Integration of these multiple technologies increase the IoT system complexity. For authentication purpose Central server structure was used. Integrating multiple technologies with not reliable interconnection network may leads to sharing false data with wrong authentication. Central server is used for Data processing, it will require increase in processing infrastructure requirement for large scale IoT. Centralized architecture also affected by the problem Single point of failure. In smart city application privacy of the participant and security of the user data are more important. So, in order to solve these issues, we need a solution which is decentralized, verifiable, and privacy preserving technology. Here the roll of blockchain will come. Blockchain technology use distributed node to node communication technique. Blockchain helps to exchange information between untrusted parties without the need of thrusted third party. So, by communicating the IoT data through Blockchain solves such problems. But heterogeneity of the IoT network and resource constrained environment of it make difficulty to integrating Blockchain with IoT. So, we need to develop a blockchain model which will work effectively in resource constrained environment. This paper proposed a Dew computing based IoT Blockchain integration method which use election-based consensus algorithm for improving performance in resource constrained IoT network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]