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Showing total 4,412 results
4,412 results

1. Weight Loss Programs: Why Do They Fail? A Multidimensional Approach for Obesity Management.

Author

Khattab R

Subjects
Humans, Exercise, Obesity Management methods, Treatment Failure, Feeding Behavior, Diet, Weight Reduction Programs methods, Obesity therapy, Obesity psychology, Weight Loss, Life Style
Abstract

Purpose of Review: Despite the prevalence of weight loss programs, their success rates remain discouraging, with around half of individuals regaining lost weight within two years. The primary objective of this review is to explore the factors contributing to the failure of weight loss programs and to provide insights into effective weight management strategies., Recent Findings: Factors contributing to the failure of weight loss programs include the impracticality of restrictive diets, potential metabolic impacts, limited focus on lifestyle changes, genetic predispositions, psychological influences, socioeconomic status, and medical conditions. A holistic approach considering these factors is crucial for safe and sustainable weight loss. Key findings indicate the importance of holistic approaches to weight management, including lifestyle modifications, medical interventions, and behavioral and psychological strategies. Effective weight loss strategies emphasize low-calorie, nutrient-rich diets, regular physical activity, and interventions tailored to individual needs. Combining multiple approaches offers the best chance of successful weight management and improved health outcomes. This review provides insights into the complexities of obesity management and the factors contributing to the failure of weight loss programs. It highlights the necessity of adopting a holistic approach that addresses dietary habits, physical activity, genetic factors, psychological well-being, and socioeconomic influences. Recommendations include implementing lifestyle modifications, medical interventions when necessary, and integrating behavioral and psychological support to achieve sustainable weight loss and mitigate the global health challenge posed by obesity., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2024
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8. Modeling of free fatty acid dynamics: insulin and nicotinic acid resistance under acute and chronic treatments

Author

Tobias Kroon, Neil D. Evans, Johan Gabrielsson, Mats Jirstrand, Robert Andersson, Joachim Almquist, Michael J. Chappel, Nicholas D. Oakes, and Publica

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, RM, medicine.medical_treatment, Turnover models, Adipose tissue, Pharmacology, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, Models, Biological, Niacin, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Lipolysis, Medicine, Potency, Animals, Insulin, Obesity, Dosing regimen, chemistry.chemical_classification, Original Paper, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, Fatty acid, medicine.disease, QP, Nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME), 3. Good health, Rats, Rats, Zucker, Meta-analysis, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Nicotinic agonist, Disease modeling, chemistry, Adipose Tissue, Insulin Resistance, business, Tolerance
Abstract

Nicotinic acid (NiAc) is a potent inhibitor of adipose tissue lipolysis. Acute administration results in a rapid reduction of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. Sustained NiAc exposure is associated with tolerance development (drug resistance) and complete adaptation (FFA returning to pretreatment levels). We conducted a meta-analysis on a rich pre-clinical data set of the NiAc–FFA interaction to establish the acute and chronic exposure-response relations from a macro perspective. The data were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effects framework. We also developed a new turnover model that describes the adaptation seen in plasma FFA concentrations in lean Sprague–Dawley and obese Zucker rats following acute and chronic NiAc exposure. The adaptive mechanisms within the system were described using integral control systems and dynamic efficacies in the traditional \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$I_{\text{max}}$$\end{document}Imax model. Insulin was incorporated in parallel with NiAc as the main endogenous co-variate of FFA dynamics. The model captured profound insulin resistance and complete drug resistance in obese rats. The efficacy of NiAc as an inhibitor of FFA release went from 1 to approximately 0 during sustained exposure in obese rats. The potency of NiAc as an inhibitor of insulin and of FFA release was estimated to be 0.338 and 0.436 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\upmu {\text{M}}}$$\end{document}μM, respectively, in obese rats. A range of dosing regimens was analyzed and predictions made for optimizing NiAc delivery to minimize FFA exposure. Given the exposure levels of the experiments, the importance of washout periods in-between NiAc infusions was illustrated. The washout periods should be \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sim$$\end{document}∼2 h longer than the infusions in order to optimize 24 h lowering of FFA in rats. However, the predicted concentration-response relationships suggests that higher AUC reductions might be attained at lower NiAc exposures.

Published
2017

10. The mouse metabolic phenotyping center (MMPC) live consortium: an NIH resource for in vivo characterization of mouse models of diabetes and obesity

Author

Laughlin, Maren, McIndoe, Richard, Adams, Sean H., Araiza, Renee, Ayala, Julio E., Kennedy, Lucy, Lanoue, Louise, Lantier, Louise, Macy, James, Malabanan, Eann, McGuinness, Owen P., Perry, Rachel, Port, Daniel, Qi, Nathan, Elias, Carol F., Shulman, Gerald I., Wasserman, David H., and Lloyd, K. C. Kent

Published
2024
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15. Religion, Kinship and Health Behaviors of African American Women

Author

Colleen Keller, Kathryn Coe, and Jenelle Walker

Subjects
Adult, Religion and Psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Definition of religion, Health Behavior, Nursing(all), Relationships/research, Young Adult, Interview, Psychological, Kinship, medicine, Humans, Family, Interpersonal Relations, Spirituality, Sociology, Obesity, Social science, Cooperative Behavior, General Nursing, African american, Medicine(all), Original Paper, Public health, Religion/spirituality, Religion and Medicine, Religious studies, Gender Identity, Gender studies, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Metropolitan area, Black or African American, Head start, Obesity/overweight, Positive relationship, Female, Period (music)
Abstract

A positive relationship exists between functional health and religion. We present an empirical definition of religion and describe the key elements of religious behavior, building a model that can be used to explore the presumed relationship between religion and health. Semi-structured interactive interviews were conducted with 22 participants over a 6-month period. Head Start programs and churches located in the inner city of a large metropolitan area. Twenty-two African American women were aged from 21 to 45. We focus on social relationships and propose that prophet-created religions mimic kinship relationships and encourage kinship-like cooperation between members.

Published
2013

16. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Care Among People with Severe Mental Illness: A Literature Review

Author

Chelsea Modlin, John W. Newcomer, Christina Mangurian, and Dean Schillinger

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_treatment, Disease, Type 2 diabetes, Cardiovascular, Severity of Illness Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aetiology, education.field_of_study, Review Paper, diabetes, Mental Disorders, Smoking, integration of care, Health Services, Middle Aged, Serious Mental Illness, mental illness, Mental Health, Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Diseases, Hypertension, Type 2, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical Sciences, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Research, General & Internal Medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Severity of illness, Diabetes Mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, education, Psychiatry, Metabolic and endocrine, business.industry, Prevention, medicine.disease, Obesity, Brain Disorders, 030227 psychiatry, Good Health and Well Being, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Family medicine, Schizophrenia, Smoking cessation, business, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution
Abstract

Close to 19 million US adults have severe mental illnesses (SMI), and they die, on average, 25years earlier than the general population, most often from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many of the antipsychotic medications used to treat SMI contribute to CVD risk by increasing risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Based on compelling evidence, the American Diabetes Association and the American Psychiatric Association developed guidelines for metabolic screening and monitoring during use of these medications.In this manuscript, we have reviewed the evidence on diabetes and other CVD risk screening, prevalence, and management among populations with SMI. We also review differences in screening among subpopulations with SMI (e.g., racial/ethnic minorities, women, and children). We found that despite national guidelines for screening for diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors, up to 70% of people taking antipsychotics remain unscreened and untreated. Based on estimates that 20% of the 19 million US adults with SMI have diabetes and 70% of them are not screened; it is likely that over 2 million Americans with SMI have unidentified diabetes. Given that undiagnosed diabetes costs over $4,000 per person, this failure to identify diabetes among people with SMI represents a missed opportunity to prevent morbidity and translates to over $8 billion in annual preventable costs to our healthcare system.Given the high burden of disease and significant evidence of suboptimal medical care received by people with SMI, we propose several clinical and policy recommendations to improve diabetes and other CVD risk screening and care for this highly vulnerable population. These recommendations include reducing antipsychotic medication dose or switching antipsychotic medications, enhancing smoking cessation efforts, sharing electronic health records between physical and mental health care systems, and promoting integration of care.

Published
2016