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A concept of the smart contract powered by Ethereum has raised the attention of investors in the crypto-currency market in the light of the distributed account book techniques in the Era of Blockchain 2.0. Based on the digitalization of the financial tools, smart contract adopts the smart validation and execution of the computation protocols extending the blockchain to the application level of use to reinforce the security and transparency of transaction deals. This paper aimed to investigate the principle, functions, ground mechanism of the smart contract, and protection approaches and evaluated the security issues existed in the investment process. Lastly, the paper summarized the Smart Contract design and development, loopholes, and protection approaches in the Smart Contract applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is a decentralised peer to peer ledger of data. It provides features like Immutability, Transparency, and Trustworthiness. Due to all the benefits, blockchain can have a great impact in the field of education. In education, there is already a growing problem of fake certificates. Blockchain can prove to be a great solution to solve this issue. For this purpose, we took a deeper look at what is blockchain and what is being done in the education domain with regards to storing certificates and verification of them using blockchain technology. In particular, we explored how Smart Contracts can be used to provide storage for certificates. Finally, we looked at the challenges in adopting blockchain-based solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive use of paper waste during the general elections is a consumptive behavior and can damage the environment. In the 2018 Pilkada, there were 54 million unused ballots due to the lack of public participation in each Pilkada. In addition, various ballot manipulations make reduced data integrity. The Custom E-Voting Application is an electronic voting system application for general elections with the application of Blockchain technology to increase security using the Hyperledger Fabric and Hyperledger Composer platforms. The application of this technology can replace conventional paper-based voting systems and databases. This application uses a distributed database so that the database is more secure and maintained its integrity. The results of E-Voting can be seen by voters so that transparency for voters. This application can be implemented in several elections that require transparency of the results with the election time can be set as needed. The problem that is the focus of this research is the proof of the concept of blockchain technology with existing tools and system performance testing. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide an overview of the viability of blockchain technology to handle cases such as the general elections that are critical, massive, and simultaneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Block chain is one of the burning research topics which is fully decentralized digital procedure for data exchange in a secure and protective way. There are other names of the same technology in published literature like Distributed Ledger Technology etc. One of its very popular applications is bitcoin. In this paper mainly the comprehensive overview of healthcare in Block chain Technology has been discussed in details which secure the important medical data in the field of health care. It also accelerates the up gradation of medical record management, information claim procedure and bio medical research. In this paper, at first we have drawn attention on fundamental concepts of Block Chain and elaborated some relevant works which used Blockchain as the main technology for ensuring security. We have mainly focused on the papers published in past three to four years so that we can understand the research progress in this field. At the last, we have filtered those papers to find out the work progress in the field of health care only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bitcoin in the last decade, has become increasingly popular as a form of electronic currency. This paper aims to review the status and visual map position of research in the internationally Bitcoin studies indexed Scopus that used a bibliometric positioning overview. The research was carried out using bibliometric techniques. Data analysis as well as visualization utilizing VOS Viewer program and the Scopus function for analyze search results. In this review, the details collected applied to 3,281 documents issued from 2011 through 2019. The study reveals that Bouri, E. and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Studies were the most active individual scientists and affiliated institutions in Bitcoin studies. In bitcoin studies, the Computer Science and Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes In Artificial Intelligence And Lecture Notes In Bioinformatics were the most areas of study and dissemination sources. There were one worldwide group maps with collaborative researchers. In order to identify the body of knowledge created from eight years of publication, this study constructed a convergence axis grouping comprising of bitcoin studies: Bitcoin, E-Finance, Blockchain, Privacy, Cybercrime, Computation, and Systems, abbreviated as the theme BFBPCCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functioning of a smart city relies upon six key factors, which are smart governance, environment, living, people and mobility. This paper focuses on the smart mobility factor, within the context of a smart university which is a surrogate of a smart city. A proof of concept transport system will be developed. The transport system will consist of a third-generation bicycle-sharing platform, which will explore the usage of several technology paradigms such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology. The transportation system will consist of a permissioned Proof Of Authority (POA) blockchain network of docking stations, which users of the smart university campus will interact with through a mobile application to rent and dock bicycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the name suggests blockchains are a group of interconnected blocks that contain information. It is a distributed ledger which is open to everyone. It is a chain of data blocks that are sorted sequentially and kept in a decentralized manner across all of the blockchain's participating nodes. Once data is entered inside a blockchain, it becomes very difficult to change it. Every block has three important parameters namely hash data, block hash code and also the block hash code of the preceding block. Therefore, blockchain can be regarded as highly secured and safe. This secure technology can disrupt how business happens and how data is stored across several industries especially the finance sector. However, the impact of Blockchain goes way beyond Banking and finance industry. In the field of marketing, marketers constantly need access to a lot of consumer data to better position their products and create efficient products which match the requirements of the consumers. With data privacy becoming a global issue, several consumers are becoming vigilant while providing their information on the internet. Also, it is becoming increasingly difficult for the advertisers to detect fraud in advertising which is mainly related to inconsistent PPC (Pay Per Click), CPC (Cost Per Click), Impressions and clicks. Ad vendors using illicit methods to gain access to users' personal data for their own gain, in exchange for rewards, and similar scenarios are a serious threat, therefore blockchain was introduced into the digital advertising world to offer users ownership over their data Benefits from Blockchain Marketing Technology, n.d.-a). Several questions have been raised on the methods used by advertising platforms to detect invalid clicks. This research paper adopts a narrative literature review approach where in the use cases of Blockchain in marketing and advertising sector will be analyzed and put forward. This paper will be beneficial to academicians, marketer, advertisers, and all activities related to Marketing and advertising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) has infiltrated nearly every aspect of life. The healthcare industry has become one of the most popular applications for IoT and related technologies like Artificial Intelligence, etc. IoT infrastructures and solutions are used in smart healthcare. By making use of wearable and mobile devices, IoT-based smart healthcare systems have added great value to the healthcare domain. This leads to a significant increase in the use of health data sharing for a more accurateand timely diagnosis. Its mainstream adoption, however, remains a elusive dream. The major drive behind this is ensuring the data and participating entities' security and privacy at all costs. Smart healthcare systemsare at risk to a variety of security flaws and malicious attacks, including data leakage, tampering, forgery, and so on. To address this, green blockchain technology has come to light as a practical way of enhancing data security and privacy for both users as well as data. Through the avalancheof medical information created by e-medical records and other mechanisms based on Information Communication Technology (ICT), a plethora of applications has been discovered usinggreen blockchain in the medicare industry. Conventional healthcare procedures are swiftly adopting present-day technologies in order to make the transition to smart healthcare ecosystems. The main factors driving this transition are theend-user's convenience and user-friendliness. Even with the use of Smart Healthcare Systems (SHS), there are several obstacles in the transparency, security, and safety of data and its consumers. This paper providesa comprehensive overviewof green blockchain's use in the healthcare industry. It also puts forth a green blockchain-based SmartHealthcare Securitystructure to ensure the system's inherent security and integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Banking and Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI) sector in today's time is highly dependent on technology for various transactional activities. With increase in smart devices that enable customers to make payments or authorize transactions more conveniently, IoT seems to be a major enabler for these domains. IoT, paired with other latest technologies like blockchain, ML etc. has made the process of using smart devices more practical and secure over time for financial transactions. The objective of this paper is to understand the impact of IoT applications on Banking and Financial services by studying the applications cases, benefits, and future scope of IoT technology in the BFSI sector. The research paper is aimed towards helping academicians and practitioners to understand the current applications and benefits of IoT in the BFSI domain. The paper will include a study based on use cases of IoT in BFSI sector, providing insights about the impact it is making as a technology to the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In sequence to help disclose and track environmental presentation transversely the apparel supply chain and textile, The Blockchain is suggested as a thorough tool for informations communication and storage in the highly translucent networks. Every contributor in networks can get gateway to the details for a supply chains procedure & eventually construct a higher levels of belief on distributor' environmental authority. The paper main objective to usher out the capacity of Blockchain technology on the apparel supply chain and textile. This research helps to examine how to employ the different features of Blockchain for attaining low carbon excretion during apparel and textile industrial through the good supply chains translucent. In overall, Blockchain technology is extended into this research paper by manifest the project, business insinuation and chances in the apparel supply and textile chain. In addition, this paper helps to understand the use of Blockchain in apparel supply and textile with the help of Low Carbon Manufacturing Program (LCMP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By providing secure, transparent, and decentralized transactions, blockchain technology has revolutionized the financial landscape. Research in this paper explores the crucial role blockchain security plays in ensuring cryptocurrency systems' integrity and trustworthiness. By It examines the challenges faced by blockchain networks, the innovative security solutions implemented to address these challenges, and the evolving landscape of cryptocurrency security analyzing various case studies and emerging trends, this paper provides insights into the current state and future prospects of blockchain security in the realm of cryptocurrencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a modern democracy, the election is a very distinctive occurrence, but some parts of the society don't trust their election system to be fair which is one of the major concerns for the countries democracy. Also, the most democratic nations, such as Japan, the United States of America, and India, have flawed electoral processes. Electronic voting machine hacking and vote rigging, electoral fraud, and capturing the polling booth are some of the major issues in current election system. In this paper, we are trying to give a best possible solution for this issue and an E-voting system. Also, this paper aims to implement applications of blockchain as a service. The paper's section will highlight some of the most common blockchain systems that provide blockchain as a service that is focused on blockchain and reduces the risk of the issues listed above while also protecting voter identification while remaining open to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a about blockchain technology as blockchain is the new trend and has attracted various niches. It has un-hackable security characteristics. Earlier blockchain considered only as crypto-currencies or Bitcoin. But nowadays the versatility of blockchain is emerging. This paper is all about the blockchain technology, its security aspects and the challenges in the blockchain field. There have been so many benefits of blockchain technology in the field of persistency, decentralization etc. Also, it can benefit different perspectives in the technological arena and application arena. This review helps us to know the basic aspects of blockchain and cyber-security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology has certainly revolutionized the world. A decentralized approach devoid of a centralized server/third party access provides complete anonymity, security, and integrity. But still, there is some vulnerability in Blockchain, one of them we discussed in this paper is Front-Running. Front running is mostly exercised in the stock market sector where the traders try to front-run to gain more profit. Now as blockchain technology is flourishing at an immense rate, new forms of front running techniques have been encountered. Thus creating transaction vulnerabilities. In this paper, we explained the front-running issues on MCS-Dapps deployed on Ethereum Blockchain. Furthermore, we will study its working on the system and how it affects clients and miners on their gas prices. Then we implemented a commit-reveal strategy to increase the transaction confidentiality to counter the issue of front running. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents methods for software licenses & patents issuance & validation using the peer-to-peer block chain technology and leveraging the properties of non-fungible token in order to state proof of ownership of the software licenses and patents. Further, the paper illustrates the implementation of different hashing algorithms to secure the confidential and non-public facing data associated with software licenses and patents and a mechanism to do validation of the ownership and authenticity of software licenses and patents on public block chain. By tokenization of these license and patent documents the intellectual property creators will have the capability to only reveal the data to the owners of their choice or whom they can trust to reveal the original data of these documents and can provide only ownership to the other holders of the non-fungible token. The paper will also illustrate brief comparisons between the gas requirements of different on-chain hashing algorithms and then using them while minting the non-fungible tokens for the licenses and patents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents a literature review on four state-of-the-art blockchain models in the healthcare domain. HealthCare System allows the patients to have the extensive access of the records, which helps the patient to store the records with the associated medical history. Patient Management System is powerful, easy and flexible way to store the records of the patients that can be further used by the hospitals to understand the patient's situation better. Moreover, it requires a very huge support from both the ends to improve the accuracy of the system. For such a crucial work, like to maintain the patient history coming from various data sources, different frameworks are used that allows the accuracy and the quality of the data to be maintained. It is difficult to rely on a single shared database to check the patient medical history, this issue requires an authentic and stable approach to store the data, where depending on a single database would be a complex task. Patient Management System is a system that completes the requirements of the patients who travel over various hospitals to get the better treatment. This paper compares various frameworks that resolves the issues of maintaining medical history and also the models that allows to store the data in a distributed way, as maintaining the patient records is a very crucial matter. Various technologies are also used to implement the models in a distributed and scalable way. To store the data in a distributed manner, block chain technology can be used because of its high scalability and secure nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the inception of bitcoin in 2009, cryptocurrency has expanded into the mainstream, sweeping the market and therefore bitcoin has evolved as the utmost efficient cryptocurrency. A digital currency secured by cryptography is called cryptocurrency. In the world, Bitcoin is the first digital coin to be built on the block chain technology. It is expected to replace the current paper currency as an alternative global currency in the near future. Bitcoins, in contrast to centralized digital currencies, are decentralized digital currencies that may be readily transmitted among each other without any middleman such as banks and monetary institutions. An exhaustive and extensive description of how this type of cryptocurrency is an intriguing area of privacy research communities is provided in this paper along with comprehensive review of various studies related to this research area. The paper also highlights about the merits of cryptocurrencies, such as their security, low transaction costs, and high investment returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is regarded as an approach that can increase the level of trust in the networking environment since its recorded transaction details using cryptographic techniques that make it immutable. Apart from its cryptographic ability, consensus mechanism has made Blockchain to be the main alternative in achieving trust in the network, especially in future Internet architecture such as Named Data Networking (NDN). In NDN, everyone can publish any content and distribute it, including the contaminated content. The contaminated content will be stored in cache memory and contaminate the cache memory. Since NDN does not predefine any trust schema, any nodes can certify the data authority. In this context, this paper attempt to propose a new data authentication scheme using the Blockchain's Proof-of-Trust consensus mechanism. The Proof-of-Trust mechanism is based on a trust anchor that aggregate votes from consortium of nodes before authenticating, distributing and storing content in the cache memory. The use of Proof-of-Trust mechanism in NDN will be deliberated in this paper. This new authentication scheme is expected to solve the issues of contaminated cache memory as well as to provide a new alternative of data authentication in the future Internet environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gaming industry has been experiencing exponential growth throughout the recent years and is still continuing on this trajectory. Recent trends in the industry include streaming, virtual reality, and augmented reality. Besides traditional gaming companies that have been leading the industry for many years such as Activision Blizzard, Tencent, and Microsoft, blockchain-based game developers have surfaced the market throughout 2020/2021 and are beginning to show signs of disruption in the industry. Several areas that NFT games differentiate themselves from traditional games include the ability to earn monetary rewards by playing the game, true ownership of in-game assets, and an overall decentralized gaming model. This opens up many opportunities in the industry for both developers and gamers alike. However, traditional games still hold the majority of the market share today. Traditional games offer better quality gameplay and graphics, can be played across multiple consoles, while enjoying a high degree of centralization. Moving forward, the strategic decision that game developers need to consider is whether to embrace the NFT gaming model, maintain status quo, or to have some form of optimized hybrid model. This paper discusses the state of the industry as presently constructed and also how it has evolved throughout the decades. In addition, this paper critically examines the traditional gaming model and the NFT gaming model to understand the pros and cons of each model. Finally, the paper proposes a conceptual game theory framework to determine what gaming model should developers opt for in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the growth of blockchain technology accelerates, attention towards mass adoption among institutions and supply chains are following suit. Smart contracts represent a blockchain application that has the potential to enhance and transform many facets of a supply chain by eliminating intermediaries, more effective transactions, reducing costs, anti-tampering, transparency, etc. However, the application of smart contracts will be severely limited if it cannot access real - world, off-chain data. The blockchain technology is intentionally designed to prevent this to ensure security of the network. Therefore, blockchain oracles are utilized to connect the blockchain to off-chain data sources. Data sources such as IoT sensors or web APIs are often centralized entities that are relatively easy to attack in comparison to a blockchain network. Using such oracles in turn opens the blockchain to a single point of failure. This phenomenon is known as the oracle problem, erasing the benefits of adopting blockchain technology in the first place. Therefore, this problem needs to be addressed before mass adoption within supply chains can take place. This paper discusses this problem in detail and highlights several available blockchain projects that can address this issue. This paper also proposes several methods that supply chains can consider in addressing the oracle problem, including the use of interoperability solutions, decentralized oracle systems, or implementing a hybrid solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BIM as a computer-aided modeling technology is seen as a fundamental necessity in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry due to its ability to visualize the design, manage project information, and collaborate between stakeholders. Despite the benefits, the BIM process deals with a series of risks related to data ownership, trust, transparency, and security. Thus, researchers and academics explore blockchain, a decentralized distributed ledger technology, to obtain a solution addressing these problems and improving project collaboration. This paper examines the existing research studies on integrating BIM and blockchain in the AEC industry and maps its implementation at different stages of the project life cycle. The results conclude that the integration of BIM and blockchain can significantly improve BIM performance in all AEC project stages. It provides a secure and effective platform for data management, supply management, automated payment system, safety inspection information system and builds permit issuance system and monitoring and management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperledger is a well-known blockchain platform that has made substantial advancements in the field of logistics and supply chain management. The blockchain tools offered by Hyperledger, which was created by the Linux Foundation, are geared towards business use cases. Organizations looking to take advantage of blockchain's disruptive potential inside their supply chain operations frequently choose it because to its open-source nature, modular architecture, emphasis on privacy, and emphasis on permissioned networks. This transparency helps to mitigate fraud, counterfeiting, and other illicit activities, ensuring the authenticity and integrity of products. Secondly, Hyperledger blockchain enables enhanced traceability, allowing stakeholders to track the origin, production processes, and distribution of goods. This traceability, scalability promotes accountability and supports regulatory compliance, especially in industries such as pharmaceuticals and food where safety and quality are paramount. Thirdly, Hyperledger blockchain facilitates efficient and automated smart contracts, reducing administrative overhead, enhancing trust, and streamlining the execution of contractual agreements between parties. In this paper enhanced the complete overview of how the technology Hyperledger transforms into supply chain management. In conclusion, the use of blockchain technology, specifically Hyperledger, to supply chain management has enormous potential to alter current supply chain procedures. Supply chain stakeholders may improve accountability, boost trust, and streamline operations by taking advantage of the transparency, traceability, and efficiency that Hyperledger frameworks offer. This research paper aims to explore the profound impact of Hyperledger blockchain technology on the supply chain industry. Moreover, we will examine the specific applications and use cases of Hyperledger frameworks, such as Hyperledger Fabric and Hyperledger Sawtooth, within the supply chain domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an e-voting system for liquid democracy based on the Ethereum blockchain technology. The proposed system aims to increase the transparency, security, and efficiency of voting processes by using smart contracts and blockchain technology. The system will allow voters to vote and delegate power to trusted representatives, who in turn can delegate their votes to other representatives, creating a dynamic and flexible voting ecosystem. The system will also provide several benefits, including increased accessibility, transparency, and security of the voting process, reducing the risk of tampering and fraud. This paper concludes that an Ethereum blockchain-equipped e-voting system for liquid democracy is a promising solution for improving the transparency, security, and efficiency of voting processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of Industry 4.0 leads to the latest technology, and blockchain is one of them. Blockchain guarantees transparency, decentralization and protection of a transaction. It revolutionizes industries where entrust and security have vital significance. In the blockchain network, data is recorded in the form of blocks. The first block of the blockchain network is acknowledged as Genesis-Block. The rest of the blocks are added to the blockchain in chronological order so that participants entities can keep an eye on digital transactions deprived of the interference of third parties or central authorities. Transactions on the blockchain network require a set of rules and regulations. These rules are known as consensus algorithms. The consensus algorithm is a procedure employed for common agreement, validation, verification, and confirmation of transactions in a blockchain network. Examples of popular consensus algorithms are Proof-of-Work (PoW), Proof-of-Burn (PoB), Proof-of- Stake (BoS), Directed-Acyclic-Graph (DAG), Practical-Byzantine-Fault-Tolerance (PBFT), Proof-of-Elapsed-Time (PoET), etc. Initially, the paper introduces the evolution and categorization of blockchain networks. Subsequently, a brief discussion on available consensus algorithms and the inclusion process of a node in blockchain networks. Furthermore, the paper compares existing blockchain consensus algorithms based on various significant parameters such as scalability, transaction rate, tolerated power, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, online ride-hailing services have revolutionized the transportation industry, offering convenient and efficient mobility solutions. However, these services face challenges related to passenger-driver matching, leading to longer wait times, inefficient routes, and increased costs. This paper proposes a novel approach for an online ride-hailing service by leveraging blockchain technology and a pre-matching information scheme. The integration of blockchain enables a secure and decentralized platform, while the pre-matching information scheme enhances the matching process, resulting in optimized ride-hailing experiences for both passengers and drivers. A decentralized method called peer-to-peer carpooling makes it possible for people to share their vehicles with other people who are headed in the same direction. This paper explores the feasibility of creating a decentralized carpooling system using blockchain technology. The proposed method intends to create a safe and effective platform for carpooling, obviating the need for middlemen and establishing a direct link between drivers and riders. The design and implementation of the blockchain-based carpooling system, includes smart contracts, payment options, and user verification. The case study illustrates the viability and efficiency of the suggested solution. Blockchain technology presents a viable answer to conventional carpooling systems by offering lower prices, more security and various advantages. The simulation study's findings suggest that incorporating the route split feature can significantly enhance the performance metrics of a ride-sharing application. The results reveal improvements in various aspects, such as the ride publishing and booking processes, which encompass payment methods for successfully booked rides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology is one of the most sensational and under rated technology in current technological and financial sector. The great wave in blockchain technology for the banking sector is still unexplored to its depth, as the need for new technology in all the areas of life is a necessity nowadays. The study was conducted to identify different services that the financial sector can provide to its customer by accepting a unified blockchain technology. The fundamental inkling of blockchain technology is, its public and the same is shared in a tamperproof ledger which allows the heterogenous community to share the sensitive data over a distributed ledger. This paper gives an idea about how this tamperproof technology can be used to increase the efficiency, transparency and to lower the risk and expenditure associated with the highly sophisticated data of an individual in relation to banking sector. The technology has great potential to overcome the disadvantages of the current central server system in banking industry, which is highly prone to hacking and cracking. The blockchain technology is current meant to be a hack proof system which is still in its initial stage of development. As the technology is still in pilot testing stage on banking sector, once the same is found feasible to with stand the current market need, this will bring an economic and technological boom to different sectors. The most exciting premises about blockchain technology is, it makes banks pointless. Though, this paper contends that the advantages of block chain technology will be used by the financial institutions in a first mover place rather becoming outdated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article seeks to fully comprehend the Supply Chain 4.0 elements. How advances in technology shape the current operational procedures and how improved productivity may be attained. The reputable papers on the subject have been examined in the bibliography. To calculate improved productivity, deductive procedures were employed. The critical feature of the future supply chain is big data, sophisticated analyses, and robotic activities. Two instances of pressure that might have a major influence are the predictive analysis of sales forecasting and closed-loop planning. Every person, organization, professional, company member, pupil, and the school want to know about SCM 4.0 and how it has influenced operational efficiencies. This study compiles the knowledge and effects of SCM 4.0 in one place. The modern supply chain environment has gradually gained interest from competitiveness among supplier networks. How enterprises use their sources may improve the supply chain's efficacy and performance. This necessitates that SMEs concentrate more on executing sourcing techniques while strengthening their core competencies. The modern supply chain environment has gradually gained interest from competitiveness among supplier networks. How enterprises use their sources may improve the supply chain's efficacy and performance. This necessitates that SMEs concentrate more on executing sourcing techniques while strengthening their core competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) enabled devices to have made communication seamless. However, at the same time, with this ease, the need for security has also increased. This paper is a comprehensive study that describes the IoT in the healthcare sector and threats and privacy issues related to it. The authors have described the IoT Architecture and threats at each level of the architecture. The authors discuss various IoT Healthcare devices, implants, wearable, and products available in the market and possible security issues with the device. As a part of comprehensive analysis, various possible threats in the IoT healthcare sectors, security taxonomy such as the impact of the attack, attack level, etc. Various security requirements for the IoT Healthcare sectors are discussed. This paper further discusses various solutions to reduce the possibility of the IoT Healthcare sector's threats and security issues, using technologies such as Blockchain, Fog Computing, Symmetric Key Generation solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing is a type of storage that helps share computing resources among several users, which helps reduce the investment and maintenance cost of the storage. However, security is a significant issue in cloud computing. The various vulnerabilities in the technology, like its weak scalability and privacy leakage, are discussed in this paper. To enhance the security of the cloud server, a novel framework is proposed in this paper. The framework will use blockchain technology to encrypt the data into the registers and to safeguard it. Initially, the base technology of blockchain and its definition are explained along with the recent trends in this technology. OpenSSL library and Elliptical Curve Cryptography are proposed to enhance the security of blockchain technology. A Dynamic Link library (DLL) calculates the hash values. It is also used to generate the identifiers and to integrate the two techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lately, far off sensor networks had been widely applied in hospital therapy programs, like sanatorium and domestic affected person observing. Remote scientific sensor networks are greater defenceless in opposition to listening in, modification, pantomime and replaying attacks than the stressed out organizations. An extremely good deal of labor has been accomplished to get far off scientific sensor organizations. The modern-day preparations can make sure the affected person records for the duration of transmission, but can not prevent inside attack wherein the overseer of the affected person statistics set uncovers the sensitive affected person records. In this paper, we advocate a beneficial manner to address stop inside attack via way of means of using numerous records employees to shop affected person records. The precept dedication of this paper is correctly appropriating the affected person records in one-of-a-kind records employees and using the Paillier and ElGamal cryptosystems to carry out dimension exam at the affected person records with out buying and selling off the patients' safety. Remote scientific sensor networks actually enhance affected person's nature of-care with out frightening their solace. Notwithstanding, there exist Several capability safety risks to the affected person sensitive physiological records communicated over the general public diverts and positioned away withinside the back-quit frameworks. Average safety risks to clinical offerings programs with WSNs may be summed up as follows. Snooping is a safety risk to the affected person records protection. A snoop, having an superb recipient reception apparatus, would possibly have the choice to trap the affected person records from the scientific sensors and thusly realizes the affected person's disorder. He may also even submit the affected person's disorder on interpersonal organization, which could constitute a actual risk to affected person protection. Pantomime is a safety risk to the affected person records legitimacy. In a domestic attention application, an aggressor may also mimic a far off rely factor even as affected person records is sending to the remote area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fintech is quite important in a company. This paper aims to review the status and visual map position of research in the internationally Fintech publication indexed Scopus that used a bibliometric perspective. The research was carried out using bibliometric techniques. Data analysis as well as visualization utilizing VOS Viewer program and the Scopus function for analyze search results. In this review, the details collected applied to 745 documents issued from 1984 to 2019. The study reveal that Lee Kuo Chuen and Bina Nusantara University were the most active individual scientists and affiliated institutions in Fintech publication. In Fintech the Computer Science and Economist United Kingdom were the most areas of study and dissemination sources. There were three worldwide group maps with collaborative researchers. In order to identify the body of knowledge created from thirty-five years of publication, this study constructed a convergence axis grouping comprising of Fintech publication: Blockchain, Innovation, Big data, China, Sales, Insurance, Computers, and Cryptocurrencies, abbreviated as BIBCSICC themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) has expanded internet connectivity to include not only computers and humans, but also the majority of our everyday things. Although the benefits of IoT are limitless, there are several challenges for implementing IoT in the real world for example centralization, scalability and security concerns that occur owing to the large numbers of networked objects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a decentralized, secure and scalable environment to transform the path of IoT into it. One of the well-known example of the decentralized solutions is blockchain. Blockchain is a sophisticated technology that decentralizes management and computing processes, it can address a many of IoT challenges, including security. This paper proposes a consensus algorithm by distributing the Proof of Work (PoW) process among miners. Each node only discovers a PoW for their little fraction of the searching area, resulting in no two miners putting in the same amount of effort to solve a single block. Furthermore, the paper employs a decentralized Random Beacon (RB) to randomly select nodes to take part in the Block Notarization (BN) process. The algorithm tested by using different scenarios, with different the level of difficulty and number of miners. Results evaluations demonstrate the algorithm improved the scalability of PoW by up to 77.442%, 91.716% when the number of miners are 10, 20 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is an emerging technology that can provide innovative solutions for various complex real life problems. The Blockchain is essentially a ledger that effectively records as well as verifies every transaction which can easily be engineered to keep a record of practically everything with value. Blockchain is distributed that made it trust worthy as copies of the transactions are maintained at multiple nodes. All the copies cannot be modified by one intruder. This prompts to a dependable environment for money related transactions. It is among the efficient and highly transparent system that can have great value in the finance, supply chain management, real estate, healthcare, insurance, and other industries that are data-intensive. Blockchain can enhance the efficiency while collecting and storing the medical records. Evidence-based better care, quicker and more accurate diagnoses that result in better treatments at lower costs of care, avoiding needless investigations, powerful and predictive analytics to support individualized care, and improved health policy decisions based on better understanding are just a few advantages of collecting medical records. The research on the paper starts with the exploration of Blockchain technology for different industries in India. The research will further investigate the implications of Blockchain system in the health care sector and will propose the model for its effective implementation. The objective of the study was to understand the applications and benefits of Blockchain in healthcare sector especially in Indian context. The researchers and government bodies trusted the Blockchain that can act as solution to different healthcare challenges in context to Indian Healthcare system. The study will further focus on the key challenges in the implementation of Blockchain. This work also includes review of Blockchain implementation in the healthcare industry and the review of different white papers, reports and publications available in renowned electronic databases. Companies are already experimenting with Blockchain technology to improve the global supply chain's integrity, traceability, and transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are very crucial and personal assets of a person and should be shared with medical practitioners for monitoring the health of a person based on the previous history for efficient diagnosis and proper treatment of the disease. Blockchain opens the new horizons sharing of EHRs among medical practitioners with the assurance of security and privacy. It is a decentralized, immutable, and secure architecture without the involvement of a third party in the transaction. The basic aim of the research paper is to propose a fast, temper poof, reliable and transparent EHR approach for sharing medical records on the Ethereum blockchain platform using smart contract without involving a third party. The encrypted medical records can be shared directly between the doctor and the patient. Moreover, medical laboratories can also share the patient test reports with the patient in secure fashion using blockchain. The proposed system will increase confidence in collaborating and sharing EHR with medical practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Healthcare systems, large amount of data gets generated, disseminated, stored and accessed daily. Medical health records (MHRs) are valuable possessions to individual patients. Medical health Record Management systems are used to manage the complete medical data of a patient in a single place. A centralized MHR management system is inefficient, insecure, unorganized, and was not tamper-proof. A centralized MHR management system does not provide any access to the patients to control their own medical data and it postures stern threats to the genuineness and correctness of the medical data stored in it. In such systems, sharing of MHRs with others is also difficult and there is a danger of single point of failure problem. This paper provides a brief review of the use of Blockchain for secured storage of MHRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain management is an integral part of most businesses because it could affect the sustainability of a business and the customer's satisfaction. Various computerized SCM system have been proposed in order to built an effective and efficient supply chain management system. However, these existing systems are based on centralized architecture and could not fully integrate the supply chain data from its members. Furthermore, a centralized system architecture has a higher risk to suffer from single-point-of-failure issue. In this paper, a secure blockchain-based SCM framework is proposed. The proposed SCM framework adopts a data verification mechanism through the use of a unique shipment security token. The shipment security token is distributed via 2 channels: the physical and digital token distribution channel. The 2 channels token verification method secures the data stored in the blockchain ledger and makes it easy to trace the product data in the blockchain network. A prototype based on the proposed blockchain-based supply chain model is implemented to show the feasibility of the proposed framework design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) has risen to prominence as one of the decade's most disruptive technologies. It has the potential to fundamentally alter how individuals do business, monitor their goods, and handle their personal data. For decades, trade finance has been experiencing a digital revolution. It is, however, the outcome of an inability to digitize and streamline corporate operations. As a result, trade finance is still primarily a paper-based and labor-intensive enterprise. Additionally, costs continue to be persistently high. This is due in part to rising regulatory constraints. However, the development of new technologies such as blockchain and distributed ledger technology (DLT) has increased the pace of this digital transformation. Numerous distributed ledger technology (DLT) initiatives have sprouted up to assist in connecting diverse key parties and improving trade finance and supply chain finance operations. The platforms must be assessed and rigorously studied to determine their applicability, resilience, and long-term viability. In this article, we conducted a survey of various top DLT platforms for Trade Finance and assessed their capabilities using a qualitative criteria. The comparative analysis offered in this article will assist in selecting the optimal platform for the job. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of things (IoT) includes a huge number of complex, diversified and heterogeneous devices that produce enormous data. To determine the complete history of data origin and to ensure that the data collected is trustworthy or not is quite challenging. Hence, it is desired that the data collected should be collated and analyzed in such a way so that actionable intelligence can be derived. This calls for device authorization & authentication and most importantly end-to-end provenance of data at all layers of IoT. Most of the traditional IoT solutions focus on centralized communication framework which is susceptible to single-point-of-failure. Amalgamation of blockchain technology into IoT supports decentralization, authentication, repudiation, immutability and end-to-end traceability. This paper starts with the explanation of IoT architecture, the need for data provenance and role of blockchain in IoT. Then, a deep understanding and analysis of blockchain-based existing schemes used for data provenance in IoT is covered. Finally, conceptual two-level hierarchical data provenance architecture for IoT using blockchain is presented in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The smooth operation of construction material supply chain can promote the development of the construction industry since it is the fundamental composition of the national economy. This paper focuses on the material traceability of the whole chain of construction materials from raw materials, factory processing, dealer sales, logistics operation, construction site use to building maintenance, and the usage of information traceability characteristics in Blockchain to solve the credit problem in the process of building material chain. At the same time, understanding the use of the Smart Contract in the Blockchain to solve the contract credit problem between different parties in the material supply chain, and the Algorithm Stablecoin used in the process of circulation to protect the rights and interests of various parties. In general, this paper reviews previous cases that use the Blockchain Technology in the material supply chain to solve the problem which frequently occurred including the materials replaced during the process, the credit problem between different parties, and the contract execution risk between different parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things(IoT) has changed the world into a smart and autonomous world. The way in which we interact with each other and with the environment has changed.The IoT is experiencing exponential growth in research and industry, but still suffers from privacy and security issues. The integration of blockchain technology with Internet of Things (IoT) has resolved many challenges faced by Internet of Things (IoT) such as decentralization, poor interoperability, privacyand security vulnerabilities. Blockchain when combined with IoT can solve many challenges of IoT systems. This integration will come out to be the better system for the environment in many aspects specially security which is the most important aspect to be considered. Also, the distributed ledger of Blockchain which when used in IoT can resolve many issues like scalability and authenticity. However, the integration of Blockchain technology with IoT originates various challenges like storage capacity and scalability, security, anonymity and data privacy etc. We first introduce Blockchain with Internet of Things (IoT) and key characteristic of this integration. We will also concentrate the issued resolved by blockchain technology in Internet of Things (IoT). The main concern of this paper is to discuss the various challenges of integration of blockchain into IoT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a trusted and secure e-service that can be treated as a durable medium. The presented approach utilizes a blockchain database (managed by the trusted third party) combined with the cryptographic methods (signing with an electronic seal and data encryption). The service is mainly oriented towards the large financial institutions (e.g., banks) that require agreements on a document with a large number of customers, but it can also be applied for other enterprises or industrial areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is going to address the dilemmas and challenges that researchers face when selecting blockchain to solve a problem in a particular domain. Since blockchain is an emerging technology and it is intended to solve many security issues in various domains, People have confusion when to use blockchain and when not to use it. The aim is to investigate which are the different applications where blockchain technology can be a solution and also it aims to discuss which type of applications does not need blockchain to be incorporated. The main contribution of this paper is Survey on blockchain technology analyzing when to use blockchain technology, Survey on when need not use blockchain technology, some research problems where blockchain can be implemented and a final discussion about blockchain adaption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays the standard health and life insurance service has devolved into an inefficient industry. In many cases the time for reimbursement is crucial for customers, because when they most need help, they can end up fighting in vain for reimbursement from insurance companies, whose profits too often depend on avoiding paying out. The main goal of using Blockchain technology in health and life insurance is to make the claim process more efficient, to enable lower operational costs and to reduce the direct payments. This paper presents a solution, based on smart contracts on a Blockchain, whereby the insurer pays directly to the hospital for the services provided in favor of the insured and only if the sum insured is insufficient, the patient pays the hospital. This solution is much faster for the insured, reduces operating costs for experts, does not require unnecessary money transfers (between patient and hospital and between insurer and insured patient) and at a time when the patient's health is at risk, reduces emotional and his/her physical discomfort, as it does not require activities for filing a claim with the insurer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capacity requirement for currently installed 3G and 4G technologies has been driven by increasing internet data traffic. Intensified research into 5th generation wireless communication networks is currently underway on a number of fronts. The development of 5G will usher in a new era of ubiquitous, high-capacity radio. 5G is the telecom industry's future. It is a cutting-edge technology that will provide limitless opportunities for growth. It serves as a road map for our country's future growth and socioeconomic development, with the goal of becoming a $5 trillion economy by 2025. By 2026, India's 5G subscriptions will total 350 million, accounting for 27% of all mobile subscriptions. 5G will be a key driver of growth in every industry, including agriculture, manufacturing, healthcare, education, robotics, blockchain, and AI-powered drones. The global market for robotics alone is expected to reach $75.4 billion by 2026. As critical technologies such as AI, automation, and data capture continue to evolve at an exponential rate, the pace of change will be relentless. The current technical prospects are discussed in this paper. This paper examines the 5G communication network requirements and use cases, technological study areas, and projected problems for India, as well as the current technical prospects for 5G evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In any democratic country, Voting is the root of democracy. It is the process that allows every single citizen to contribute to the democracy of the country. India is one of the countries with flawed democracy having a fair and free voting system in the elections. Worldwide countries, including India, are facing issues of security and transparency in the voting system. There are many opportunities due to technological advancements to make the voting system more powerful and trustworthy. Blockchain Technology is the latest advancement that offers a secure and temper-free system. This is the almost perfectly suitable option to provide privacy to voters and trust in any voting system in the current era. The main objective of this study is to find out the work done in blockchain technology in the field of electronic voting. In this paper, we have reviewed papers which are describing different systems for voting using blockchain. In the next step, we are able to find out the limitations identified from the review of the blockchain-based electronic voting system. In the final step, we can conclude about the role of blockchain technology in Electronic Voting. The review will be useful to understand the role of blockchain in improving the voting system worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the survey is to identify the challenges and issues that occur in IoT using IOTA. This paper uses the Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) method. The DLT is designed to reduce the security risks in IoT. In DLT, the blockchain (BC) platform has made the attention in IoT. However, computational cost with minimum scalability is not suitable for IoT. However, the IOTA technology in DLT has provided high scalability. The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in today's environment; it has some elements such as exchanging data and interconnecting each other with nodes. Previously there are several methods are used to identify the challenges and issues that occur in IoT using IOTA but does not provide sufficient accuracy. To overcome these issues in this paper, Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) method is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology is actively gaining popularity and has already gone beyond cryptocurrencies. This article reviewed blockchain solutions and smart contracts currently used in blockchain systems and the gaming industry. The basic standards in this area: ERC-20, ERC-223, ERC-721, ERC-777, ERC-865, ERC-998, ERC-1155 and their features. In this paper, the following examples of blockchain-based solutions were studied: Spell of Genesis, Force of Will - exchange game money for cryptocurrency, blockchain is used to guarantee the safe purchase or exchange of digital assets; Lordmancer II from Active Games - in-game earnings by extracting resources in the game; Beyond the Void - trading tokens through the Ethereum blockchain; CryptoKitties is an online game in the form of a decentralized application (DApp) that allows players to buy, sell, collect and breed virtual cats of various types; Dmarket is an online service for the sale and exchange of in-game content that allows players to sell, buy and trade in-game items. The result of the review shows that blockchain solutions are promising in the gaming field and deserve further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underlying structure of a blockchain brings trust between two parties as compared to the traditional networks. To increase the trust, we include the use of Ricardian contracts between two parties. The aim of this paper is to find out ways and feasibility to implement a Ricardian contract in the proposed blockchain-based system to enhance trust in the existing system. The process includes the creation of Ricardian contracts automatically through the user chats. Once created they are signed by both parties on-chain. Once agreed upon the signed copy would be saved in the blockchain network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is a popular technology that has a lot of potential. While financial transactions are the most well-studied use, it has the potential to agitate other markets. Blockchain eliminates the need for third party intermediaries, speeds up transactions, and increases transparency. The use of blockchain technology to deflate counterfeit items is the subject of this study. This paper presents an overview of several anti-counterfeiting solutions, as well as various blockchain technologies and the qualities that make blockchain particularly appealing for the use case. It has been demonstrated that decreasing counterfeits cannot be accomplished solely through technological means. We need a strong alert system to combat counterfeiters, as well as increased public awareness. These elements, when paired with blockchain technology, can result in a cost-effective and comprehensive strategy for counterfeiting reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]