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Russell Viper Venom (RVV) is widely used as a diagnostic test for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). But the history of how this venom came to be discovered is well known. Dr Patrick Russell is responsible for the identification of the venom during his work on snake bites in India while Dr Robert Macfarlane used it to staunch bleeding in persons with haemophilia. The ability to directly activate factor X led RVV to the laboratory diagnosis of APS. More recently, it has come back to clinical world with a potential for an engineered factor X activator from RVV to be used in the treatment of haemophilia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) is a clinically effective, concise, and user-friendly tool for assessing the functional impact of dysphagia in clinical populations. The present study aims to trans-adapt the DHI in the Telugu language and assesses its psychometric properties. The present study was conducted in two phases. The first phase includes translating and adapting the DHI tool into Telugu (T-DHI). The second phase includes an analysis of the psychometric properties of the trans-adapted Telugu version of the DHI. The DHI was translated into the Telugu language using the forward–backward translation method. The psychometric analysis was done on 100 participants. All the participants underwent a detailed clinical swallow examination after filling the T-DHI. The overall internal consistency and Guttmann split-half reliability for the Telugu version of the DHI were good. The correlation between the T-DHI subscales and the self-perceived severity of dysphagia was found to be high. The comparison of the T-DHI scores of the control and experimental groups revealed a significant difference. The T-DHI is a reliable and valid tool to assess the quality of life of the Telugu-speaking dysphagia population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review is devoted to underpinning the contributions of Indian researchers towards asymmetric organocatalysis. More specifically, a comprehensive compilation of reactions mediated by a wide range of non-covalent catalysis is illustrated. A detailed overview of vividly catalogued asymmetric organic transformations promoted by hydrogen bonding and Brønsted acid catalysis, alongside an assortment of catalysts is provided. Although asymmetric organocatalysis has etched itself in history, we aim to showcase the scientific metamorphosis of Indian research from baby steps to large strides within this field. 1 Introduction 2 Non-Covalent Catalysis and Its Various Activation Modes 3 Hydrogen-Bonding Catalysis 3.1 Urea- and Thiourea-Derived Organocatalysts 3.1.1 Thiourea-Derived Organocatalysts 3.1.2 Urea-Derived Organocatalysts 3.2 Squaramide-Derived Organocatalysts 3.2.1 Michael Reactions 3.2.2 C-Alkylation Reactions 3.2.3 Mannich Reactions 3.2.4 [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions 3.3 Cinchona-Alkaloid-Derived Organocatalysts 3.3.1 Michael Reactions 3.3.2 Aldol Reactions 3.3.3 Friedel–Crafts Reactions 3.3.4 Vinylogous Alkylation of 4-Methylcoumarins 3.3.5 C-Sulfenylation Reactions 3.3.6 Peroxyhemiacetalisation of Isochromans 3.3.7 Diels–Alder Reactions 3.3.8 Cycloaddition Reactions 3.3.9 Morita–Baylis–Hilman Reactions 4 Brønsted Acid Derived Organocatalysts 4.1 Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis 4.1.1 Diels–Alder Reactions 4.1.2 Addition of Ketimines 4.1.3 Annulation of Acyclic Enecarbamates 5 Conclusion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective  Neonates perceive pain which also has adverse long-term consequences. Newborns experience several painful procedures a day. Various methods of analgesia may be used but are underutilized. The SMART aim of this project was to increase the use of procedural analgesia from 11.5 to 75% in 6 months by using quality improvement principles. Study Design  After a baseline audit, a root cause analysis was done. Based on this, a series of interventions were done as Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. These included posters on analgesia, display of the pain protocol, orders for analgesia, a written test, small power point presentations on the importance of analgesia, and reminders on the trays used for procedures. At the end of each PDSA cycle, an audit was done to determine the proportion of times analgesia was used. Process indicators were also used when possible. Analysis was done by using the Chi-square test and the paired t -test. Results  At baseline 11% of procedures were done after giving analgesia. This significantly improved to 40% at the end of the first PDSA, and 81% after third PDSA. This was sustained at 75% over the next 2 months. Conclusion  Procedural analgesia can improve and be sustained by using simple interventions. Key Points Procedural pain in neonates can be decreased by the use of analgesia. However, most units do not utilize analgesia appropriately. This QI showed that simple interventions can optimize use of procedural analgesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]