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Internet of things (IoT) includes a huge number of complex, diversified and heterogeneous devices that produce enormous data. To determine the complete history of data origin and to ensure that the data collected is trustworthy or not is quite challenging. Hence, it is desired that the data collected should be collated and analyzed in such a way so that actionable intelligence can be derived. This calls for device authorization & authentication and most importantly end-to-end provenance of data at all layers of IoT. Most of the traditional IoT solutions focus on centralized communication framework which is susceptible to single-point-of-failure. Amalgamation of blockchain technology into IoT supports decentralization, authentication, repudiation, immutability and end-to-end traceability. This paper starts with the explanation of IoT architecture, the need for data provenance and role of blockchain in IoT. Then, a deep understanding and analysis of blockchain-based existing schemes used for data provenance in IoT is covered. Finally, conceptual two-level hierarchical data provenance architecture for IoT using blockchain is presented in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a cutting-edge technology that enables virtual and physical objects to connect and communicate, resulting in new digitized services that enhance our quality of life. Despite its many advantages, the current centralized architecture of IoT poses various challenges such as single point of failure, security concerns, privacy issues, lack of transparency, and data integrity problems. These obstacles hinder the future progress of IoT applications. Moving the IoT to one of the decentralized technologies is the right solution to these issues. Blockchain is considered as the most common and popular decentralized technology. It is a new technology that operates with a decentralized, distributed, public, and real-time ledger to store transactions between IoT nodes. The main focus of this paper is on utilizing Blockchain technology for the IoT, specifically showcasing how different features of Blockchain can be utilized as a service in various IoT applications. The increasing penetration of Blockchain and IoT in various companies and industries primarily enables secure storage of large amounts of sensitive data, which can grow at a tremendous pace for the global IoT Blockchain market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the survey is to identify the challenges and issues that occur in IoT using IOTA. This paper uses the Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) method. The DLT is designed to reduce the security risks in IoT. In DLT, the blockchain (BC) platform has made the attention in IoT. However, computational cost with minimum scalability is not suitable for IoT. However, the IOTA technology in DLT has provided high scalability. The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in today's environment; it has some elements such as exchanging data and interconnecting each other with nodes. Previously there are several methods are used to identify the challenges and issues that occur in IoT using IOTA but does not provide sufficient accuracy. To overcome these issues in this paper, Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) method is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Banking and Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI) sector in today's time is highly dependent on technology for various transactional activities. With increase in smart devices that enable customers to make payments or authorize transactions more conveniently, IoT seems to be a major enabler for these domains. IoT, paired with other latest technologies like blockchain, ML etc. has made the process of using smart devices more practical and secure over time for financial transactions. The objective of this paper is to understand the impact of IoT applications on Banking and Financial services by studying the applications cases, benefits, and future scope of IoT technology in the BFSI sector. The research paper is aimed towards helping academicians and practitioners to understand the current applications and benefits of IoT in the BFSI domain. The paper will include a study based on use cases of IoT in BFSI sector, providing insights about the impact it is making as a technology to the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Banking and Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI) sector in today's time is highly dependent on technology for various transactional activities. With increase in smart devices that enable customers to make payments or authorize transactions more conveniently, IoT seems to be a major enabler for these domains. IoT, paired with other latest technologies like blockchain, ML etc. has made the process of using smart devices more practical and secure over time for financial transactions. The objective of this paper is to understand the impact of IoT applications on Banking and Financial services by studying the applications cases, benefits, and future scope of IoT technology in the BFSI sector. The research paper is aimed towards helping academicians and practitioners to understand the current applications and benefits of IoT in the BFSI domain. The paper will include a study based on use cases of IoT in BFSI sector, providing insights about the impact it is making as a technology to the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) has expanded internet connectivity to include not only computers and humans, but also the majority of our everyday things. Although the benefits of IoT are limitless, there are several challenges for implementing IoT in the real world for example centralization, scalability and security concerns that occur owing to the large numbers of networked objects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a decentralized, secure and scalable environment to transform the path of IoT into it. One of the well-known example of the decentralized solutions is blockchain. Blockchain is a sophisticated technology that decentralizes management and computing processes, it can address a many of IoT challenges, including security. This paper proposes a consensus algorithm by distributing the Proof of Work (PoW) process among miners. Each node only discovers a PoW for their little fraction of the searching area, resulting in no two miners putting in the same amount of effort to solve a single block. Furthermore, the paper employs a decentralized Random Beacon (RB) to randomly select nodes to take part in the Block Notarization (BN) process. The algorithm tested by using different scenarios, with different the level of difficulty and number of miners. Results evaluations demonstrate the algorithm improved the scalability of PoW by up to 77.442%, 91.716% when the number of miners are 10, 20 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IoT Playing Remarkable roll in today's world, Nowadays, most smart devices have many sensors such as temperature sensor, humidity sensor, heartbeat sensor etc., these smart devices to detect information about their surroundings through sensors, and act accordingly. Internet connection of such devices are called the Internet of Things. As IoT is implemented successfully in different fields around the world, number of IoT networks newly created increase. It opens up new research area. IoT involves integration of multiple technologies. Integration of these multiple technologies increase the IoT system complexity. For authentication purpose Central server structure was used. Integrating multiple technologies with not reliable interconnection network may leads to sharing false data with wrong authentication. Central server is used for Data processing, it will require increase in processing infrastructure requirement for large scale IoT. Centralized architecture also affected by the problem Single point of failure. In smart city application privacy of the participant and security of the user data are more important. So, in order to solve these issues, we need a solution which is decentralized, verifiable, and privacy preserving technology. Here the roll of blockchain will come. Blockchain technology use distributed node to node communication technique. Blockchain helps to exchange information between untrusted parties without the need of thrusted third party. So, by communicating the IoT data through Blockchain solves such problems. But heterogeneity of the IoT network and resource constrained environment of it make difficulty to integrating Blockchain with IoT. So, we need to develop a blockchain model which will work effectively in resource constrained environment. This paper proposed a Dew computing based IoT Blockchain integration method which use election-based consensus algorithm for improving performance in resource constrained IoT network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data security on the basis of block chains is one among the most intensively researched fields in the recent age. Using blockchain platform, the security associated with the HIoT data may be improved. Nevertheless, various security measures for distinct services necessitate the use of keys in order to complete the procedure. To circumvent this restriction, this research paper presents a HIoT block chain platform that uses Ethereum block chain technology to assure data security. The suggested approach combines low-power HIoT devices with block chain to ensure that medical personnel have safe access to data. The data acquired from IoT devices is sent to an Ethereum node, while the user data is sent to the cloud. So that after the data access request has been received from the client, the user information can be validated using cloud data, and healthcare data may be accessed from the Ethereum node. Extra cryptography approaches are avoided, and data security is improved, thanks to the easy and quick process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) enabled devices to have made communication seamless. However, at the same time, with this ease, the need for security has also increased. This paper is a comprehensive study that describes the IoT in the healthcare sector and threats and privacy issues related to it. The authors have described the IoT Architecture and threats at each level of the architecture. The authors discuss various IoT Healthcare devices, implants, wearable, and products available in the market and possible security issues with the device. As a part of comprehensive analysis, various possible threats in the IoT healthcare sectors, security taxonomy such as the impact of the attack, attack level, etc. Various security requirements for the IoT Healthcare sectors are discussed. This paper further discusses various solutions to reduce the possibility of the IoT Healthcare sector's threats and security issues, using technologies such as Blockchain, Fog Computing, Symmetric Key Generation solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functioning of a smart city relies upon six key factors, which are smart governance, environment, living, people and mobility. This paper focuses on the smart mobility factor, within the context of a smart university which is a surrogate of a smart city. A proof of concept transport system will be developed. The transport system will consist of a third-generation bicycle-sharing platform, which will explore the usage of several technology paradigms such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology. The transportation system will consist of a permissioned Proof Of Authority (POA) blockchain network of docking stations, which users of the smart university campus will interact with through a mobile application to rent and dock bicycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things(IoT) has changed the world into a smart and autonomous world. The way in which we interact with each other and with the environment has changed.The IoT is experiencing exponential growth in research and industry, but still suffers from privacy and security issues. The integration of blockchain technology with Internet of Things (IoT) has resolved many challenges faced by Internet of Things (IoT) such as decentralization, poor interoperability, privacyand security vulnerabilities. Blockchain when combined with IoT can solve many challenges of IoT systems. This integration will come out to be the better system for the environment in many aspects specially security which is the most important aspect to be considered. Also, the distributed ledger of Blockchain which when used in IoT can resolve many issues like scalability and authenticity. However, the integration of Blockchain technology with IoT originates various challenges like storage capacity and scalability, security, anonymity and data privacy etc. We first introduce Blockchain with Internet of Things (IoT) and key characteristic of this integration. We will also concentrate the issued resolved by blockchain technology in Internet of Things (IoT). The main concern of this paper is to discuss the various challenges of integration of blockchain into IoT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is crucial that Breast Cancer should be detected early. Breast cancer time series forecasting is a novel data - driven approach to breast cancer diagnosis. Instead of looking at static images of the medical records, it analyses the dynamics in the tumour's growth rate, especially in its early stages. It uses machine learning models to find patterns that are not readily observable in static images, but are predictive of later outcomes. During COVID-19 it is necessary to monitor patient from home and IOT devices can be used that give moment forecast to the client and doctor during their typical day by day routine. Various Machine learning models are reviewed for classification of Breast Cancer symptoms. It is observed that data visualization and feature engineering play a crucial role in the classification before applying any model on data set. For human protection during COVID-19 it is better to depend on IoT enabled wearable device for automatic detection and appointment. The IoT enabled devices can use power of cloud computing and machine learning models to complete the framework of getting treated at home. Security of the data is another aspect to be taken into consideration. Solutions are available for the whole process and their aggregation will result in generating the desired model. In this paper, model is proposed to diagnose breast cancer at home using IoT, Blockchain, Machine learning and Cloud Computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]