7 results
Search Results
2. Spatiotemporal clustering of suicide attempt in Kermanshah, West-Iran.
- Author
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Zangeneh, Alireza, Khademi, Nahid, Farahmandmoghadam, Naser, Ziapour, Arash, Naderlou, Reyhane, Oghli, Somayyeh Shalchi, Teimouri, Raziyeh, Yenneti, Komali, and Moghadam, Shahrzad
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ATTEMPTED suicide ,PROBABILITY density function ,MEDICAL personnel ,SUICIDE risk factors ,SUICIDE prevention - Abstract
Background: A suicide attempt is a major societal problem because it imposes high costs on societies worldwide. This paper analyses the spatiotemporal clustering of suicide attempt in Kermanshah, Iran from 2006-14. Methods: This study draws on 18,333 individuals (7,234 males and 11,097 females) who attempted suicide across the Kermanshah province. Data was collected from the records of individuals registered in hospitals across the Kermanshah province between 2006 and 2014. Mean Center, Standard Deviational Ellipse (SDE), Moran's I and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) in Arc/GIS10.6 software were used for the analysis of the spatial distribution of suicide attempt, while the chi-squared test in SPSS was used to examine the different demographic variables between groups within/outside spatial clusters of suicide. Results: The results show that a total of 18,331 suicide attempts (39.46% male and 60.53% female) were reported between 2006 and 2014 in the Kermanshah province. The spatial pattern of suicide attempts was clustered in 16 clusters (6 high clusters and 10 low clusters) and statistically significant differences were found within and outside the hotspots of suicide attempts. Most hot spots were formed in and around cities. Younger people were at a greater risk. The rate of suicide attempts reduced in illiterate people and increased in people with university degrees. Unmarried people were associated with a higher risk of suicide attempt than was married status for both males and females. Conclusion: The results of this study could help public health practitioners and policymakers in Iran prioritize resources and target efforts for suicide attempt prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The Spatiality of COVID-19 in Kermanshah Metropolis, Iran.
- Author
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Zanganeh, Alireza, Yenneti, Komali, Teimouri, Raziyeh, Saeidi, Shahram, Najafi, Farid, Shakiba, Ebrahim, Moghadam, Shahrzad, and Shadmani, Fatemeh Khosravi
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METROPOLIS ,COVID-19 ,SOCIAL classes ,COVID-19 pandemic ,OLDER people ,AGE groups - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a severe ongoing health crisisworldwide. Studying the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 can help policymakers develop successful pandemic management plans. This paper focuses on the spatial epidemiology of COVID-19 among different social classes in the Kermanshah metropolis, Iran. This cross-sectional study uses the data of people infected with COVID-19 in the Kermanshah metropolis in 2020, acquired from the official COVID-19 Registry of Kermanshah. The results show that 2013 people were infected with COVID-19 (male = 1164 and female = 849). The mean age of the patients was 45 ± 18.69. The Moran's I show that COVID-19 in different social classes was clustered across the neighbourhoods in the Kermanshah metropolis. The mean ages of men and women were 44.51 ± 18.62 and 45.69 ± 18.76, respectively. Importantly, COVID-19 was highly prevalent in the middle-class groups. Age group comparisons indicate that older people were the most infected in poorer neighbourhoods. In the middle-classtheage group of 0–14 years and in the rich neighbourhoods the age group of 15–64 years were the most exposed to the disease. The findings of this study suggest that older people and lower socioeconomic classes should be prioritised while developing and implementing preventative programs for COVID-19 and similar pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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4. Comparison of optimized data-driven models for landslide susceptibility mapping.
- Author
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Ghayur Sadigh, Armin, Alesheikh, Ali Asghar, Bateni, Sayed M., Jun, Changhyun, Lee, Saro, Nielson, Jeffrey R., Panahi, Mahdi, and Rezaie, Fatemeh
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LANDSLIDE hazard analysis ,LANDSLIDES ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,DEEP learning ,STANDARD deviations ,CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks - Abstract
Locations prone to landslides must be identified and mapped to prevent landslide-related damage and casualties. Machine learning approaches have proven effective for such tasks and have thus been widely applied. However, owing to the rapid development of data-driven approaches, deep learning methods that can exhibit enhanced prediction accuracies have not been fully evaluated. Several researchers have compared different methods without optimizing them, whereas others optimized a single method using different algorithms and compared them. In this study, the performances of different fully optimized methods for landslide susceptibility mapping within the landslide-prone Kermanshah province of Iran were compared. The models, i.e., convolutional neural networks (CNNs), deep neural networks (DNNs), and support vector machine (SVM) frameworks were developed using 14 conditioning factors and a landslide inventory containing 110 historical landslide points. The models were optimized to maximize the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), while maintaining their stability. The results showed that the CNN (accuracy = 0.88, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.37220, and AUC = 0.88) outperformed the DNN (accuracy = 0.79, RMSE = 0.40364, and AUC = 0.82) and SVM (accuracy = 0.80, RMSE = 0.42827, and AUC = 0.80) models using the same testing dataset. Moreover, the CNN model exhibiting the highest robustness among the three models, given its smallest AUC difference between the training and testing datasets. Notably, the dataset used in this study had a low spatial accuracy and limited sample points, and thus, the CNN approach can be considered useful for susceptibility assessment in other landslide-prone regions worldwide, particularly areas with poor data quality and quantity. The most important conditioning factors for all models were rainfall and the distances from roads and drainages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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5. Understanding factors that contribute to farmers' water conflict behavior.
- Author
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Tatar, Maryam, Papzan, Abdolhamid, and Ahmadvand, Mostafa
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PLANNED behavior theory , *SOCIAL capital , *FARMERS , *AGRICULTURAL resources , *WATER management - Abstract
Understanding water conflict behaviors and their contributing factors is critical for developing effective agricultural water resource management. Hence, this paper examines how water conflict behaviors are addressed in a model guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior and whether there is a potential to develop the model further to include quality of life (QoL), perception of water crisis, sense of place, and social capital in explaining the farmers' water conflicts. Stratified random sampling was used to survey 212 farmers in the villages that benefited from the Gawshan dam in the Kermanshah region, Iran. Based on the results, the causal role of subjective norms in influencing intention to manifest conflict has not been established, while low social capital was of importance for intention to create conflict. Furthermore, low QoL, as well as high perception of water crisis, was found to be important for attitude formation toward conflict. These results enrich the empirical evidence in support of improving the understanding of farmers' water conflict behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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6. Infectious Diseases and their Consequences on the Population Changes of Kermanshah Province in the Qajar Era, 1789-1925.
- Author
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Shohani, Sarah, Sheikh Ahmadi, Seyyed Mohammad, Shafei, Kaivan, and Bahrami, Ruhollah
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COMMUNICABLE diseases ,DEMOGRAPHIC change ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission ,TRADE routes ,DISEASE prevalence - Abstract
One of the causes of premature deaths in different parts of the world and Iran during the Qajar era was the spread of infectious diseases in the 19th century. Meanwhile, in general, Iran did not have favorable health conditions. Kermanshah, as one of the main highways in the west of the country, the gateway to Mesopotamia and the most important pilgrimage route of Shiite Iran, has been one of the busiest travel, commercial and pilgrimage routes, and hence, was exposed to the spread of various infectious disease The purpose of this research is to investigate the prevalence of infectious diseases in Kermanshah during the Qajar era and its effects on the population change and death. The research method is historical and descriptive-analytical; documentary methods have been used to collect the information. The results and achievements of the research showed that the outbreak of infectious diseases, especially cholera, plague, and typhoid, occurred many times in Kermanshah and was one of the important factors in the significant decrease in the population of this state. The results of this research have shown that the ignorance, illiteracy, and superstition, the low level of medical knowledge, the inappropriate and insecure roads, the poor performance of the king and the local rulers in making appropriate decisions to prevent the spread of such diseases, had a significant impact on the extent of the casualties and the population decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
7. Challenges and barriers of humanitarian aid management in 2017 Kermanshah earthquake: a qualitative study.
- Author
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Safarpour, Hamid, Fooladlou, Saeideh, Safi-Keykaleh, Meysam, Mousavipour, Somayyeh, Pirani, Davoud, Sahebi, Ali, Ghodsi, Hassan, Farahi-Ashtiani, Iman, and Dehghani, Arezoo
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HUMANITARIAN assistance ,EMERGENCY management ,SEMI-structured interviews ,QUALITATIVE research ,CONTENT analysis ,HUMANITARIANISM ,DISASTERS ,NATURAL disasters - Abstract
Background: Examining various problems after disasters is important for the affected people. Managing humanitarian aid and donations among the affected people is considered as one of the most important problems after disasters. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the challenges and barriers of humanitarian aid management in 2017 Kermanshah Earthquake.Methods: This study was conducted from November 2017 to January 2018, with qualitative case study design. The population included 21 people including 6 humanitarian aid manager, 6 volunteers, 4 aid workers, and 5 affected people. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling, which continued until saturating the data. The strategies recommended by Guba were used for evaluating the trustworthiness of the data. The data was analyzed with conventional content analysis method according to method suggested by Graneheim and Lundman.Results: Based on the results, two themes, nine categories, and 19 sub-categories were identified considering the challenges and barriers of humanitarian aid and donors' management during the 2017 Kermanshah Earthquake. The categories included education, command and coordination, communication and information, rules, security, traffic and overcrowding, assessment, providing system, and cultural setting. Also, two themes including managerial and structural barriers were extracted.Conclusion: Adopting an effective management and appropriate policies with respect to humanitarian aid and modifying structural and managerial barriers can improve the performance and management of humanitarian aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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