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What does or does not work in implementing the humanitarian–development–peacebuilding (HDP) triple nexus to address protracted and repeated crises? And what implications does this have for durable solutions for the internally displaced? This article seeks to address these questions by, first, highlighting conceptual linkages between the triple nexus and durable solutions for internally displaced persons and, second, analysing emerging effective practices and challenges in nexus implementation to date and their relation to the issue of durable solutions with respect to the centrality of context and communities; national and local ownership; coordination and analysis; and funding. Findings here indicate that there are both conceptual and practical linkages between the triple nexus and durable solutions, with the latter potentially able to help in shaping the collective outcomes of the former, as internal displacement is a hallmark of protracted crises and resolving it involves addressing needs and governance gaps across the nexus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented healthcare emergency causing mortality and illness across the world. Although primarily affecting the lungs, the SARS-CoV-2 virus also affects the cardiovascular system. In addition to cardiac effects, e.g. myocarditis, arrhythmias, and myocardial damage, the vasculature is affected in COVID-19, both directly by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and indirectly as a result of a systemic inflammatory cytokine storm. This includes the role of the vascular endothelium in the recruitment of inflammatory leucocytes where they contribute to tissue damage and cytokine release, which are key drivers of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), in disseminated intravascular coagulation, and cardiovascular complications in COVID-19. There is also evidence linking endothelial cells (ECs) to SARS-CoV-2 infection including: (i) the expression and function of its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the vasculature; (ii) the prevalence of a Kawasaki disease-like syndrome (vasculitis) in COVID-19; and (iii) evidence of EC infection with SARS-CoV-2 in patients with fatal COVID-19. Here, the Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology together with the Council of Basic Cardiovascular Science of the European Society of Cardiology provide a Position Statement on the importance of the endothelium in the underlying pathophysiology behind the clinical presentation in COVID-19 and identify key questions for future research to address. We propose that endothelial biomarkers and tests of function (e.g. flow-mediated dilatation) should be evaluated for their usefulness in the risk stratification of COVID-19 patients. A better understanding of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on endothelial biology in both the micro- and macrovasculature is required, and endothelial function testing should be considered in the follow-up of convalescent COVID-19 patients for early detection of long-term cardiovascular complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proportion of patients with at least minimal improvement in TIS was significantly greater for those who received IVIG relative to placebo. A similar issue of emphasis on patients with muscle involvement arises in using TIS as the primary outcome measure. These results led to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of IVIG use in treating DM. [Extracted from the article]

What drives short-term credit spreads: credit risk, liquidity risk, or both? We investigate this issue using the structural approach to credit risk modeling and a novel data set of secondary market transaction prices for Chinese commercial papers (CPs). In particular, we propose and test a structural model with jump risk and exogenous market illiquidity under which the predicted yield spreads can be decomposed into a credit component and a liquidity component. We find that credit risk and, especially liquidity risk, are important determinants of short-term yield spreads. Our model-based decomposition results show that, on average, credit risk and market liquidity account for about 25% and 52% of CP yield spreads, respectively. For comparison, we also examine the drivers of the US CP yield spreads using security-level data. We find that credit risk accounts for a small fraction of the observed yield spreads but liquidity contributes a much greater proportion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genetics and evolution of complex traits, including quantitative traits and disease, have been hotly debated ever since Darwin. A century ago, a paper from R.A. Fisher reconciled Mendelian and biometrical genetics in a landmark contribution that is now accepted as the main foundation stone of the field of quantitative genetics. Here, we give our perspective on Fisher's 1918 paper in the context of how and why it is relevant in today's genome era. We mostly focus on human trait variation, in part because Fisher did so too, but the conclusions are general and extend to other natural populations, and to populations undergoing artificial selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an increasing number of British universities are now requiring/encouraging mathematics applicants to have taken ‘extension papers’ such as the Mathematics Admissions Test (MAT), Advanced Extension Award (AEA) and Sixth Term Examination Paper (STEP), current students were asked how useful they were in preparation for their degree. The MAT was most commonly described as good preparation for undergraduate mathematics, whilst most participants who had taken the AEA were indifferent regarding its usefulness. Participants were positive about STEP, commending its similarity to undergraduate-style assessment and its challenging questions. The students’ views suggested that those wishing to be well prepared for tertiary mathematics should take one of these papers, preferably STEP. However, whilst universities may not necessarily wish to require applicants to pass extension papers, it may be beneficial for universities to recommend students to take them in order to improve their mathematical thinking and expectations of undergraduate mathematics study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies are largely optimistic about the ability of standardized procedures to constrain decision-makers' biases and produce more equitable results across fields. However, work that embraces standardization as an equalizing force stands in contrast to research on standardization and street-level bureaucrats, which asserts that standardized procedures are not self-actuating and cannot be understood apart from the environments in which they are used. I examine how frontline workers vary in their approach to an actuarial-based tool intended to standardize judgments. In a highly controlled decision-making environment, child welfare workers whose racial and sex characteristics afford them higher status report subverting the tool; conversely, workers in the same position whose ascriptive characteristics yield them lower status in terms of race and sex describe following the rules. In an environment where the same tool is adopted only ceremonially, all workers experience decision-making as unconstrained, regardless of their ascriptive characteristics. This work fills gaps in knowledge about how social status and organizational context intersect to affect rule abidance. Examining these dynamic relationships advances understanding of how organizations reproduce inequality and the limits and potential for standardization to transform social hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Chagas disease represents a major public health concern in several Latin American countries, including Bolivia. Methods We present a longitudinal serosurvey for Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies among a cohort of 120 school-age children from rural communities in the Bolivian Chaco at three time points between 2017 and 2019. Serum samples extracted from dry blood spots collected on filter paper were tested for T. cruzi antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rapid diagnostic test. Results T. cruzi antibodies were detected in 7/120 (5.8%), 8/120 (6.7%) and 11/120 (9.2%) samples in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. An average incidence of 1.76 per 100 person-years was observed. Conclusions Our findings support the persistence of vector-borne T. cruzi transmission in this area, highlighting the need for strengthening multidisciplinary efforts against Chagas disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including mental health, the impact of the pandemic on carers and perspectives on autism.

Footnotes 1 The author belongs to the same institution as some of the Mishra et al. authors and has recently had a minor authorship role on another recently accepted paper. I would like to congratulate both sets of authors for fascinating and worthy articles. The eventual true outcomes are also plotted on the figure and although both lower intervals seem to be doing a good job, to my mind, the upper ARIMA interval is better than the one from Teh et al. [Extracted from the article]

Tibbetts et al. evaluated the influence of the rearing environment on the facial learning capacity of the paper wasp Polistes metricus. Wasps reared with cues signaling individual identity learned to discriminate faces more accurately than wasps reared in the absence of facial cues. These findings indicate that developmental plasticity plays a significant role in the evolution of animal communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and others receiving antiretrovirals are at risk for medication errors during hospitalization and at transitions of care. These errors may result in adverse effects or viral resistance, limiting future treatment options. A range of interventions is described in the literature to decrease the occurrence or duration of medication errors, including review of electronic health records, clinical checklists at care transitions, and daily review of medication lists. To reduce the risk of medication-related errors, antiretroviral stewardship programs (ARVSPs) are needed to enhance patient safety. This call to action, endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the HIV Medicine Association, and the American Academy of HIV Medicine, is modeled upon the success of antimicrobial stewardship programs now mandated by the Joint Commission. Herein, we propose definitions of ARVSPs, suggest resources for ARVSP leadership, and provide a summary of published, successful strategies for ARVSP that healthcare facilities may use to develop locally appropriate programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1730, the Inquisition of Lisbon arrested José Francisco Pereira, a man raised in West Africa and enslaved in Brazil then Portugal, who had learned along his transatlantic journeys the art of making amulets known in the eighteenth century Portuguese-speaking world as bolsas de mandinga. Mixing European esoteric material into objects of Afro-Atlantic agency, bolsa- makers such as José Francisco created objects of trustworthy might that brought empowerment and security of body and mind to a diverse clientele. The bolsas , as well as similar empowered objects created in Atlantic Africa reveal the deep and mutually transformative spiritual and material connections that the slave trade engendered between Europeans and Africans in the early modern period. Common concerns produced similar answers, not least newly defined or redefined notions of witchcraft and fetish and, more broadly, conceptions about the nature of power and its multivalent entanglements with the material world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although myocardial ischaemia usually manifests as a consequence of atherosclerosis-dependent obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease, a significant percentage of patients suffer ischaemic events in the absence of epicardial coronary artery obstruction. Experimental and clinical evidence highlight the abnormalities of the coronary microcirculation as a main cause of myocardial ischaemia in patients with 'normal or near normal' coronary arteries on angiography. Coronary microvascular disturbances have been associated with early stages of atherosclerosis even prior to any angiographic evidence of epicardial coronary stenosis, as well as to other cardiac pathologies such as myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure. The main objectives of the manuscript are (i) to provide updated evidence in our current understanding of the pathophysiological consequences of microvascular dysfunction in the heart; (ii) to report on the current knowledge on the relevance of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbid conditions for microcirculatory dysfunction; and (iii) to evidence the relevance of the clinical consequences of microvascular dysfunction. Highlighting the clinical importance of coronary microvascular dysfunction will open the field for research and the development of novel strategies for intervention will encourage early detection of subclinical disease and will help in the stratification of cardiovascular risk in agreement with the new concept of precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methods: Electronic patient records of 1088 patients who underwent ANC Patients had their USS the same day and 26% of patients had to return the Cases, 6 patients developed septicemia, 2 patients developed ARF, 2 patients Vital role in providing treatment services to patients, Patient reported outcome Timeline of each case from the time the patient was sent for till the patient goes. [Extracted from the article]

Communicability functions quantify the flow of information between two nodes of a network. In this work, we use them to explore the concept of the influence of a paper in a citation network. These functions depend on a parameter. By varying the parameter in a continuous way we explore different definitions of influence. We study six citation networks, three from physics and three from computer science. As a benchmark, we compare our results against two frequently used measures: the number of citations of a paper and the PageRank algorithm. We show that the ranking of the articles in a network can be varied from being equivalent to the ranking obtained from the number of citations to a behaviour tending to the eigenvector centrality, these limits correspond to small and large values of the communicability-function parameter, respectively. At an intermediate value of the parameter a PageRank-like behaviour is recovered. As a test case, we apply communicability functions to two sets of articles, where at least one author of each paper was awarded a Nobel Prize for the research presented in the corresponding article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although collaborative, and more specifically, integrated models of care have existed for years, the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act expanded their use, and Medicare has adopted a value-based payment system that further emphasizes service provision within the collaborative health care setting. Neuropsychology as a field is well-situated to work within the integrated health care setting, which presents both opportunities and challenges for clinical neuropsychologists. This education paper details how different neuropsychology clinical practice settings fit into an integrated care framework; discusses challenges to service delivery and fiscal viability in such settings and other health care related settings; and examines future directions for the role of neuropsychology within a dynamic health care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the ritual dimensions of Tibetan epistolary style. By examining the material aspects of handwritten Tibetan epistles—paper size and shape, script size and style, text spacing and margins—along with the formal instructions found in Tibetan epistolary manuals, I show how an epistle's physical constitution renders two bodies performing a symbolic display of hierarchy on the page. This display of hierarchy is most dramatic in the genre of the epistle offered to a superior, in which the body of the writer bows in homage before the body of the recipient. I use this study to contribute to a Tibetan hermeneutic that reads texts as devotional subjects with ritual agency. More broadly, I also argue that bibliographical analysis (focused on a text's physical production and material features) can radically shift an understanding of the genre in which that text participates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morbidity and mortality from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF) remain significant in Europe and are increasing worldwide. Patients with IHD or HF might benefit from novel therapeutic strategies, such as cell-based therapies. We recently discussed the therapeutic potential of cell-based therapies and provided recommendations on how to improve the therapeutic translation of these novel strategies for effective cardiac regeneration and repair. Despite major advances in optimizing these strategies with respect to cell source and delivery method, the clinical outcome of cell-based therapy remains unsatisfactory. Major obstacles are the low engraftment and survival rate of transplanted cells in the harmful microenvironment of the host tissue, and the paucity or even lack of endogenous cells with repair capacity. Therefore, new ways of delivering cells and their derivatives are required in order to empower cell-based cardiac repair and regeneration in patients with IHD or HF. Strategies using tissue engineering (TE) combine cells with matrix materials to enhance cell retention or cell delivery in the transplanted area, and have recently received much attention for this purpose. Here, we summarize knowledge on novel approaches emerging from the TE scenario. In particular, we will discuss how combinations of cell/bio-materials (e.g. hydrogels, cell sheets, prefabricated matrices, microspheres, and injectable matrices) combinations might enhance cell retention or cell delivery in the transplantation areas, thereby increase the success rate of cell therapies for IHD and HF. We will not focus on the use of classical engineering approaches, employing fully synthetic materials, because of their unsatisfactory material properties which render them not clinically applicable. The overall aim of this Position Paper from the ESC Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart is to provide recommendations on how to proceed in research with these novel TE strategies combined with cell-based therapies to boost cardiac repair in the clinical settings of IHD and HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age and Ageing is now inviting papers on healthcare improvement for older people. In this article we outline the nature and scope of healthcare improvement and reference improvement models and the tools and methods of improvement science. We emphasise the issues of sustainability, including scale and spread; evaluation – including associated ethical consideration and the involvement of patients and the public in healthcare improvement and associated research. Throughout we refer to resources the authors have found useful in their own work, and provide a bibliography of sources and web-links which will provide essential guidance and support for potential contributors to this new category of submission to Age and Ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysregulated lipid metabolism induces an inflammatory and immune response leading to atherosclerosis. Conversely, inflammation may alter lipid metabolism. Recent treatment strategies in secondary prevention of atherosclerosis support beneficial effects of both anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering therapies beyond current targets. There is a controversy about the possibility that anti-inflammatory effects of lipid-lowering therapy may be either independent or not of a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In this Position Paper, we critically interpret and integrate the results obtained in both experimental and clinical studies on anti-inflammatory actions of lipid-lowering therapy and the mechanisms involved. We highlight that: (i) besides decreasing cholesterol through different mechanisms, most lipid-lowering therapies share anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and the anti-inflammatory response to lipid-lowering may be relevant to predict the effect of treatment, (ii) using surrogates for both lipid metabolism and inflammation as biomarkers or vascular inflammation imaging in future studies may contribute to a better understanding of the relative importance of different mechanisms of action, and (iii) comparative studies of further lipid lowering, anti-inflammation and a combination of both are crucial to identify effects that are specific or shared for each treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differential diagnosis of differences or disorders of sex development (DSD) belongs to the most complex fields in medicine. It requires a multidisciplinary team conducting a synoptic and complementary approach consisting of thorough clinical, hormonal and genetic workups. This position paper of EU COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action BM1303 'DSDnet' was written by leading experts in the field and focuses on current best practice in genetic diagnosis in DSD patients. Ascertainment of the karyotpye defines one of the three major diagnostic DSD subclasses and is therefore the mandatory initial step. Subsequently, further analyses comprise molecular studies of monogenic DSD causes or analysis of copy number variations (CNV) or both. Panels of candidate genes provide rapid and reliable results. Whole exome and genome sequencing (WES and WGS) represent valuable methodological developments that are currently in the transition from basic science to clinical routine service in the field of DSD. However, in addition to covering known DSD candidate genes, WES and WGS help to identify novel genetic causes for DSD. Diagnostic interpretation must be performed with utmost caution and needs careful scientific validation in each DSD case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modulation of vessel growth holds great promise for treatment of cardiovascular disease. Strategies to promote vascularization can potentially restore function in ischaemic tissues. On the other hand, plaque neovascularization has been shown to associate with vulnerable plaque phenotypes and adverse events. The current lack of clinical success in regulating vascularization illustrates the complexity of the vascularization process, which involves a delicate balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic regulators and effectors. This is compounded by limitations in the models used to study vascularization that do not reflect the eventual clinical target population. Nevertheless, there is a large body of evidence that validate the importance of angiogenesis as a therapeutic concept. The overall aim of this Position Paper of the ESC Working Group of Atherosclerosis and Vascular biology is to provide guidance for the next steps to be taken from pre-clinical studies on vascularization towards clinical application. To this end, the current state of knowledge in terms of therapeutic strategies for targeting vascularization in post-ischaemic disease is reviewed and discussed. A consensus statement is provided on how to optimize vascularization studies for the identification of suitable targets, the use of animal models of disease, and the analysis of novel delivery methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

* Background and Aims Paper mulberry or Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. (Moraceae) is a dioecious species native to continental South-east Asia and East Asia, including Taiwan, that was introduced to the Pacific by pre-historic voyagers and transported intentionally and propagated asexually across the full range of Austronesian expansion from Taiwan to East Polynesia. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the dispersal of paper mulberry into Oceania through the genetic analysis of herbaria samples which represent a more complete coverage of the historical geographical range of the species in the Pacific before later introductions and local extinctions occurred. * Methods DNA from 47 herbarium specimens of B. papyrifera collected from 1882 to 2006 from different islands of the Pacific was obtained under ancient DNA protocols. Genetic characterization was based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer ITS-1 sequence, a sex marker, the chloroplast ndhF-rpl32 intergenic spacer and a set of ten microsatellites developed for B. papyrifera. * Key Results Microsatellites allowed detection of 15 genotypes in Near and Remote Oceanian samples, in spite of the vegetative propagation of B. papyrifera in the Pacific. These genotypes are structured in two groups separating West and East Polynesia, and place Pitcairn in a pivotal position. We also detected the presence of male plants that carry the Polynesian chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotype, in contrast to findings in contemporary B. papyrifera populations where only female plants bear the Polynesian cpDNA haplotype. * Conclusions For the first time, genetic diversity was detected among paper mulberry accessions from Remote Oceania. A clear separation between West and East Polynesia was found that may be indicative of pulses during its dispersal history. The pattern linking the genotypes within Remote Oceania reflects the importance of central Polynesia as a dispersal hub, in agreement with archaeological evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epigenetic clocks are increasingly being used as a tool to assess the impact of a wide variety of phenotypes and exposures on healthy ageing, with a recent focus on social determinants of health. However, little attention has been paid to the sociodemographic characteristics of participants on whom these clocks have been based. Participant characteristics are important because sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors are known to be associated with both DNA methylation variation and healthy ageing. It is also well known that machine learning algorithms have the potential to exacerbate health inequities through the use of unrepresentative samples – prediction models may underperform in social groups that were poorly represented in the training data used to construct the model. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a review of the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants whose data were used to construct 13 commonly used epigenetic clocks. We found that although some of the epigenetic clocks were created utilizing data provided by individuals from different ages, sexes/genders, and racialized groups, sociodemographic characteristics are generally poorly reported. Reported information is limited by inadequate conceptualization of the social dimensions and exposure implications of gender and racialized inequality, and socioeconomic data are infrequently reported. It is important for future work to ensure clear reporting of tangible data on the sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics of all the participants in the study to ensure that other researchers can make informed judgements about the appropriateness of the model for their study population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Following years of sustained pressure on the UK health service, there is recognition amongst health professionals and stakeholders that current models of healthcare are likely to be inadequate going forward. Therefore, a fundamental review of existing social models of healthcare is needed to ascertain current thinking in this area, and whether there is a need to change perspective on current thinking. Method Through a systematic research review, this paper seeks to address how previous literature has conceptualized a social model of healthcare and, how implementation of the models has been evaluated. Analysis and data were extracted from 222 publications and explored the country of origin, methodological approach, and the health and social care contexts which they were set. Results The publications predominantly drawn from the USA, UK, Australia, Canada and Europe identified five themes namely: the lack of a clear and unified definition of a social model of health and wellbeing; the need to understand context; the need for cultural change; improved integration and collaboration towards a holistic and person-centred approach; measuring and evaluating the performance of a social model of health. Conclusion The review identified a need for a clear definition of a social model of health and wellbeing. Furthermore, consideration is needed on how a model integrates with current models and whether it will act as a descriptive framework or, will be developed into an operational model. The review highlights the importance of engagement with users and partner organizations in the co-creation of a model of healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on 2023 ANZCA Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) was held on 5–9 May 2023 in Sydney, Australia.

The British Association of Dermatologists (BAD) have issued an AI position statement to highlight that safe, ethical and effective AI interventions should be adopted through a robust regulatory framework.[1] The BAD website provides a range of resources on AI in healthcare.[2] Dr Rubeta Matin, who leads the AI Working Party Group at the BAD, will be the Guest Editor for this special issue. REFERENCES 1 British Association of Dermatologists Position Statement on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Interventions. Here at I Clinical and Experimental Dermatology i , we are seeking submissions for a special issue on artificial intelligence (AI). [Extracted from the article]

Kisely S, Warren N, McMahon L, Dalais C, Henry I, Siskind D. Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis. BMA Survey Finds Doctors' Lives Still at Risk Despite Government Pledges on PPE. British Medical Association, 7 April 2020. https://www.bma.org.uk/bma-media-centre/ bma-survey-finds-doctors-lives-still-at-risk-despitegovernment-pledges-on-ppe (28 July 2020, date last accessed). [Extracted from the article]

Governments globally deployed various non-pharmacological public health measures to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. lockdowns and suspension of transportation, amongst others); some of these measures had an influence on society's mental health. Specific mental health policies were therefore implemented to mitigate the potential mental health impact of the pandemic. We aimed to explore the implementation of mental health regulations adopted by the Peruvian health system by focusing on the care services at Community Mental Health Centres (CMHCs), based on the experiences of health workers. We conducted a phenomenological qualitative study to understand the implementation of mental health policies launched in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were obtained from a document review of 15 national policy measures implemented during the pandemic (March 2020 to September 2021), and 20 interviews with health workers from CMHCs (September 2021 to February 2022). The analysis was conducted using thematic content analysis. Most implemented policies adapted CMHC care services to a virtual modality during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, various challenges and barriers were evidenced in the process, which prevented effective adaptation of services. Workers perceived that ineffective telemedicine use was attributed to a gap in access to technology at the CMHCs and also by users, ranging from limited access to technological devices to a lack of technological skills. Further, although mental health promotion and prevention policies targeting the community were proposed, CMHC staff reported temporary interruption of these services during the first wave. The disparity between what is stated in the regulations and the experiences of health workers is evident. Policies that focus on mental health need to provide practical and flexible methods taking into consideration both the needs of CMHCs and socio-cultural characteristics that may affect their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright can be a major obstacle for cultural institutions regarding digitization and online accessibility, which ultimately leads to the under-exploitation of collections at the expense of society and to a need to support cultural heritage institutions with legislative and/or policy changes or at least clarifications. This contribution is a policy paper that aims to clarify the copyright law principles applicable to museum professionals dealing with digital cultural heritage worldwide, and to formulate policies to facilitate their digital activities. An initial version of this policy paper was published on a dedicated website and led to an international conference held in 2020 in Geneva. Although it is primarily addressed to museums, this policy paper may also serve as guidance to stakeholders in other areas dealing with digital cultural heritage, in particular Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums (GLAM). Part I proposes policies directed towards national and international policymakers. Parts II and III are directed towards cultural institutions, and set out a code of conduct that cultural institutions may follow when pursuing digitization and dissemination activities in order to comply with the actual state of the law and minimize the risks associated with these activities (Part II), and an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) procedure to help cultural institutions and rights holders identify issues and reach satisfactory solutions in disputes around digital activities (Part III).*** [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article from Economic Policy provides a summary of five papers that contribute to our understanding of economic and policy issues. The first paper examines the impacts of historical conflicts on the current conflict in Ukraine, emphasizing the importance of demining, preserving social cohesion, and addressing gender imbalances and conflict-related sexual violence. The second paper evaluates the effectiveness of legislation aimed at restricting the mobility of unemployed individuals within specific areas of a city, finding that these laws are ineffective and have unintended negative consequences. The third paper analyzes the macroeconomic impact of structural reforms in Italy, showing that these reforms can lead to increased productivity and GDP growth. The fourth paper presents a comprehensive analysis of China's foreign lending practices, highlighting unconventional confidentiality clauses and collateral arrangements used by Chinese lenders. The final paper explores the question of higher education subsidies, finding that increased subsidies can have positive fiscal and welfare impacts in many countries. These papers offer evidence-based recommendations and policy lessons for policymakers in various contexts. [Extracted from the article]

Three discontinued the trial in the intervention arm, compared with one in the placebo arm. Bachelez and colleagues have reported their phase II placebo-controlled trial of intravenous spesolimab, an anti-interleukin (IL)-36 receptor monoclonal antibody, in generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP).[1] Fifty-three patients (aged 18-75 years, 68% female, 51% Asian) with a moderate-to-severe GPP flare were enrolled in the 1-week trial. A greater proportion of the spesolimab-treated group achieved GPPGA pustulation score 0 compared with those receiving placebo (54% vs. 6%, I P i < 0-001) and GPPGA clear or almost clear (43% vs. 11%, I P i = 0-02) at 1 week. [Extracted from the article]

Exposure to paternal cannabis with either exposure caused a profound and persistent deficit in dopamine utilization (as assessed by measuring the dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratio) in the offspring consistent with reduced presynaptic activity. These impactful studies by Slotkin and colleagues advance the field of toxicology by providing novel evidence for adverse effects of paternal cannabis exposure on early postnatal neurological development, in particular the dopamine signaling system. Slotkin and colleagues (2021) led a timely series of studies to examine the effects of paternal cannabis exposure. [Extracted from the article]

The rehabilitation scheduling process consists of planning rehabilitation physiotherapy sessions for patients, by assigning proper operators to them in a certain time slot of a given day, taking into account several requirements and optimizations. With the help of a smart application, which links wearable devices with the power of intelligent agents and complex event processing, patients are constantly and actively supervised during their daily activities. The paper I Incrementally predictive runtime verification i , by Angelo Ferrando and Giorgio Delzanno, discusses a lightweight formal verification technique used to verify the runtime behavior of software or hardware systems. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the watermarks on paper copies of the Gutenberg Bible. Topics covered include the publication by watermark expert Smuel Leigh Sotheby of images of watermarks he identified on the copies, the use by Karl Franz Otto Dziatzko of watermark motifs in distinguishing between the bible's different paper stocks and the sequence of the different watermark motifs on the paper stocks of the various copies of the bible.

Bibliometrics is successful in measuring impact because the target is clearly defined: the publishing scientist who is still active and working. Thus, citations are a target-oriented metric which measures impact on science. In contrast, societal impact measurements based on altmetrics are as a rule intended to measure impact in a broad sense on all areas of society (e.g. science, culture, politics, and economics). This tendency is especially reflected in the efforts to design composite indicators (e.g. the Altmetric Attention Score). We deem appropriate that not only the impact measurement using citations is target-oriented (citations measure the impact of papers on scientists) but also the measurement of impact using altmetrics. Impact measurements only make sense, if the target group--the recipient of academic papers--is clearly defined. Thus, we extend in this study the field-normalized reader impact indicator proposed by us in an earlier study, which is based on Mendeley data (the mean normalized reader score, MNRS), to a target-oriented field-normalized impact indicator (e.g. MNRSED measures reader impact on the sector of educational donation, i.e. teaching). This indicator can show--as demonstrated in empirical examples--the ability of journals, countries, and academic institutions to publish papers which are below or above the average impact of papers on a specific sector in society (e.g. the educational or teaching sector). Thus, the method allows to measure the impact of scientific papers on certain groups--controlling for the field in which the papers have been published and their publication year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential application of papers containing 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) postharvest treatment for suppressing fruit decay of fresh Anxi persimmons and its possible mechanism. Materials and methods Anxi persimmon fruit were treated with papers containing 1-MCP at the dosage of 1.35 μL/L and stored at 25 ± 1 °C and 85 per cent relative humidity for 35 days. During storage, the fruit decay rate and lignin content were evaluated, and the content of total phenolics, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), chitinase (CHI), and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) were determined by spectrophotometry. Results The 1-MCP–treated persimmons displayed a lower fruit decay rate, but higher contents of lignin and total phenolics, higher activities of PAL, PPO, POD, CHI, and GLU. Conclusions The treatment with 1-MCP could inhibit the fruit decay of postharvest Anxi persimmons, which might be because 1-MCP enhanced fruit disease resistance by increasing the activities of disease resistance-associated enzymes and retaining higher contents of disease resistance-related substances in postharvest fresh Anxi persimmons. These findings indicate that papers containing 1-MCP at the dosage of 1.35 μL/L have potential application in suppressing fruit decay and extending storage life of postharvest fresh Anxi persimmons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets out to explore the different uses made of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Program for International Student Assessment (OECD-PISA) tests and data in mathematics education research. Through a comprehensive literature review of journals and conference papers, we show that although a large variety of topics is addressed, they do not cover all the topics considered in mathematics education research. Analysing the temporal and geographical distribution of papers, we find that there is increasing interest in the use of PISA in our field of research and that different countries are involved in different ways in mathematics education research about PISA. As a conclusion, we suggest that critical research into the effect of PISA can be developed further, especially in those countries that have joined the OECD survey in recent years. Other future research paths using data from PISA are detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunoassays and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) are both widely used methods for drug screening in toxicology. We investigated an alternative approach for rapid drug screening: paper spray MS (PS-MS). In paper spray, the biofluid sample is spotted onto a paper substrate. Upon application of a spray solvent and an electric potential, extraction and ionization occur directly from the paper without any need for additional sample preparation. We developed two paper spray high-resolution MS/MS targeted drug screening assays using a quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer, one the positive ion mode and one in the negative ion mode. In the positive ion mode, over 130 drugs and drug metabolites were semiquantitatively screened at sub-toxic concentrations in a single 2.5 min analysis. Limits of detection and calibration performances for each target compound are reported. The PS-MS/MS assay was tested on authentic postmortem specimens, and its screening ability and semi-quantitative performance were evaluated against independent LC-MS-MS screening and confirmation assays with good agreement. The paper spray MS/MS showed good qualitative agreement with LC-MS-MS; the true positive rate of paper spray MS/MS was 92%, and the true negative rate was over 98%. The quantitative results between the two methods were also acceptable for a screening application; Passing-Bablok regression yielded a slope of 1.17 and a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.996. A separate PS-MS/MS negative ion screening method was also developed for a small panel of barbiturates and structural analogs, demonstrating its potential for acidic drug detection and screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noroviruses are a primary cause of gastroenteritis and foodborne illness with cases that affect millions of people worldwide each year. Inexpensive tests for norovirus that do not require sophisticated laboratory equipment are important tools for ensuring that patients receive timely treatment and for containing outbreaks. Herein, we demonstrate a low-cost colorimetric assay that detects norovirus from clinical samples by combining paper-based cell-free transcription-translation systems, isothermal amplification and virus enrichment by synbodies. Using isothermal amplification and cell-free RNA sensing with toehold switches, we demonstrate that the assay enables detection of norovirus GII.4 Sydney from stool down to concentrations of 270 aM in reactions that can be directly read by eye. Furthermore, norovirus-binding synbodies and magnetic beads are used to concentrate the virus and provide a 1000-fold increase in assay sensitivity extending its detection limit to 270 zM. These results demonstrate the utility of paper-based cell-free diagnostic systems for identification of foodborne pathogens and provide a versatile diagnostic assay that can be applied to the concentration, amplification and detection of a broad range of infectious agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The use of patient-reported outcome measures in electronic format has been increasing. However, these formats are usually not validated or compared with the original paper-based formats, so there is no evidence that they are completed in the same way. Objectives To compare the conventional paper version with a web-based application ( iPad®) version of the Dermatology Life Quality Index ( DLQI) to assess equivalence of scores. Methods The study employed a randomized crossover design using a within-subjects comparison of the two formats of the questionnaire. International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research ( ISPOR) guidelines were followed. Participants aged over 18 years with any confirmed skin condition were recruited from a teaching hospital dermatology outpatient clinic. Expected intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC) was 0·9 (α = 0·05). Results A total of 104 patients were recruited, median age 53·5 years (interquartile range 37·3-67·8; 43% male). The ICC showed high concordance between the total DLQI scores from paper and iPad versions ( ICC 0·98; 95% confidence interval 0·97-0·99). Patients took a median of 78 s to complete the electronic version and 73 s for paper ( P = 0·008): 76% preferred the electronic version and perceived completion to take a shorter time. Conclusions There is high concordance and thus equivalence between the iPad and paper versions of the DLQI, with an ICC of 0·98, and a clear patient preference for the iPad version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]