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This article compares the growth rates of Web of Science indexed research publications in 11 European countries from 2000 to 2015. The growth of publication output in the Czech Republic was very fast: the annual production increased more than threefold. However, the number of articles increased only 2.6-fold, whereas the number of proceedings papers increased eightfold. During 2013–15 almost one-third of the papers published by researchers based in the Czech Republic were proceedings papers, a much higher share than in any other benchmark country. Such a high share is undesirable, because proceedings papers are generally much less often cited than journal articles. The growth of the number of proceedings papers is fastest in 17 fields belonging to the social sciences which usually do not hold proceedings papers in high regard. Our analysis shows that this undesirable development started after the introduction of national performance-based research funding system (PRFS) in the Czech Republic. Hence, the effort made to publish proceedings papers seems to reflect an optimization strategy in the light of the PRFS. In the Czech PRFS, proceedings papers have been rewarded point values similar to articles in refereed journals and a large portion of the institutional funding is allocated according to the evaluation results. As a consequence of very fast growth of proceedings papers in the social sciences, the university institutional funding in these fields has grown faster than in other fields. In conclusion, the fast growth of proceedings papers represents an adaptive behavior to the context of the PRFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reproduction in cooperative animal groups is often dominated by one or a few individuals, with the remaining group members relegated to nonreproductive helping roles. This reproductive skew can evolve if helpers receive fitness benefits such as potential future inheritance of the breeding position, but the mechanisms by which inheritance is determined are not well resolved. Polistes paper wasps form highly reproductively skewed groups and inheritance of the breeding position is likely to play a key role in the maintenance of this social structure, making them excellent models for the processes by which simple societies are maintained. Reproductive succession is thought to be determined via an age-based convention in some Polistes species, but there is also evidence for contest-based succession systems in which the replacement queen uses physical aggression to overpower and thereby subordinate her nestmates. Here, we provide evidence that queen succession in colonies of the European paper wasp Polistes dominula is determined via convention rather than contest, with little disruption to the colony's social functioning. We use queen removal experiments and fine-scale behavioral analyses to confirm that age is a strong predictor of succession, and that behavioral responses to queen removal are restricted to the oldest individuals rather than being experienced equally across the group. We provide the most comprehensive and detailed experimental analysis on the dynamics of breeder succession in a cooperatively breeding invertebrate to date, thereby shedding light on the mechanisms by which animal societies are able to maintain cohesion in the face of within-group conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relatively little is known about the processes shaping population structure in cooperatively breeding insect species, despite the long-hypothesized importance of population structure in shaping patterns of cooperative breeding. Polistes paper wasps are primitively eusocial insects, with a cooperative breeding system in which females often found nests in cooperative associations. Prior mark-recapture studies of Polistes have documented extreme female philopatry, although genetic studies frequently fail to detect the strong population structure expected for highly philopatric species. Together these findings have led to lack of consensus on the degree of dispersal and population structure in these species. This study assessed population structure of female Polistes fuscatus wasps at three scales: within a single site, throughout Central New York, and across the Northeastern United States. Patterns of spatial genetic clustering and isolation by distance were observed in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes at the continental scale. Remarkably, population structure was evident even at fine spatial scales within a single collection site. However, P. fuscatus had low levels of genetic differentiation across long distances. These results suggest that P. fuscatus wasps may employ multiple dispersal strategies, including extreme natal philopatry as well as longer-distance dispersal. We observed greater genetic differentiation in mitochondrial genes than in the nuclear genome, indicative of increased dispersal distances in males. Our findings support the hypothesis that limited female dispersal contributes toward population structure in paper wasps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Territorial Papers of the United States are a valuable and underused resource containing almost 10,000 documents written between 1789 and 1848 about the formation of new sovereign states from US territory. These communications between the federal government and frontier settlers comprise the actual discourse of the nation's expansion over six decades. Digitizing the Territorial Papers permits the possibility of analyzing the entire corpus globally. Text mining and topic modeling methods give us a lens on the language patterns through which new state governments and the expanding nation were formed. An initial statistical analysis of the textual information provides a visualization of content, helps discern how ideals about governance emerged, and lays the foundation for developing more sophisticated hypotheses and theoretical constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past several decades, citizenship status has become more important in immigrant lives and communities in the United States. Undocumented adults who arrived as children, the 1.5 generation, comprise a growing percentage of the immigrant population. Although they are similar to children of immigrants born in the United States (the second generation) they face a variety of barriers to integration due to their lack of legal status. Based on over five years of ethnographic fieldwork with mainly 1.5 and second generation Mexican-American men during a period of major healthcare reform, this paper addresses how citizenship status and embeddedness within multi-status communities impacts immigrant experiences in the healthcare domain. In particular, I argue that the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has contributed to an institutionalization of the status differences and a further differentiation in the social integration of these groups of children of immigrants. The novel methodological approach and the data which emerges through fieldwork reveals important insights into the process whereby healthcare reforms have consequences for immigrant communities which I show through highlighting the status-signaling event that is generated through various forms of direct and indirect interaction with the ACA. The implications of this extend beyond healthcare, and I discuss its impact on issues including ethnic identity and psychological well-being. This paper makes contributions to both our understanding of intergroup dynamics in immigrant integration and the health implications of immigration policies more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why workers forfeit direct reproduction is a crucial question in eusocial evolution. Worker reproduction provides an excellent opportunity to understand the mechanism of kin conflict resolution between the queen and workers. We evaluated behavioral and physiological differences among females in the paper wasp Polistes chinensis antennalis to examine why some workers reproduce under queenright conditions. Reproductive workers were old and foraged less early in the season; their cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles overlapped with those of queens but were significantly different. The distinct CHC profile of the eggs of the queen likely represented a cue for policing against those by workers. Juvenile hormone (JH) and dopamine seemed to be associated with gonadotropic function, and the JH level of reproductive workers was similar to that of the queen. The high JH level of reproductive workers likely facilitated their reproduction even under queenright conditions. Gene expression levels of the queen and reproductive workers differed only in vitellogenin. These results suggest that worker reproduction is facilitated by an increase in JH level; however, CHC is not a fertility-linked signal, but a queen-linked signal; consequently, reproductive workers without a queen-linked signal might be allowed to stay within the colony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a study conducted during the 2022 dengue epidemic in Kathmandu, Nepal. The study aimed to report the dengue serotypes from patients infected during this outbreak. The majority of the cases were acquired in Kathmandu, with a smaller number of cases among travelers and expatriates. The dominant serotypes were DEN-1 and DEN-3, with only a few cases of DEN-2. The study also examined primary and secondary infections and found that primary infection was dominant among both travelers and locals. The use of filter paper for molecular diagnosis of dengue was also discussed. The article concludes that dengue has emerged in Nepal and future outbreaks are expected, with the potential for more severe disease. [Extracted from the article]

The World Health Organization Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) aims to reduce mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases among individuals aged 30-70 years by 25% between 2010 and 2025 [[1]]. Combining phosphate binder therapy with vitamin K2 inhibits vascular calcification in an experimental animal model of kidney failure. [Extracted from the article]

The migration literature contends that, unlike other immigrants, refugees resettled in the US benefit from a federal program of integration. These claims do not consider the barriers that may complicate the implementation of resettlement policy. Based on 16 months of ethnographic fieldwork at a refugee resettlement agency in California, I argue that the organizational structure of the US Resettlement Program shapes how caseworkers provide resettlement services on a daily basis. The financial insecurity of Resettlement Agencies coupled with high stakes government oversight creates an organizational culture of vulnerability where caseworkers rely on discretion as they put resettlement policy into practice. Caseworkers develop coping mechanisms to get by as they simultaneously attend to the demands of their funders and their refugee clients. Given these structural constraints and limited resources, caseworkers instrumentalize paperwork as a discretionary tool. When files and documents are privileged over the quality and extent of resettlement services, caseworkers creatively utilize paperwork to separate policy from practice in order to protect themselves and appease their refugee clients. This policy of integration instead becomes a practice of paper integration , which problematizes prior theories and assumptions about US refugee resettlement. This practice of paper integration ultimately affects the services that arriving refugees receive and the degree to which they benefit from this ostensible program of integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to glide through an arboreal habitat has been acquired by several mammals, amphibians, snakes, lizards, and even invertebrates. Lizards of the genus Draco possess specialized morphological structures for gliding, including a patagium, throat lappets, and modified hindlimbs. Despite being among the most specialized reptilian gliders, it is currently unknown how Draco is able to maneuver effectively during flight. Here, we present a new computational method for characterizing the role of tail control on Draco glide distance and stability. We first modeled Draco flight dynamics as a function of gravitational, lift, and drag forces. Lift and drag estimates were derived from wind tunnel experiments of 3D printed models based on photos of Draco during gliding. Initial modeling leveraged the known mass and planar surface area of the Draco to estimate lift and drag coefficients. We developed a simplified, 3D simulation for Draco gliding, calculating longitudinal and lateral position and a pitch angle of the lizard with respect to a cartesian coordinate frame. We used PID control to model the lizards' tail adjustment to maintain an angle of attack. Our model suggests an active tail improves both glide distance and stability in Draco. These results provide insight toward the biomechanics of Draco ; however, future in vivo studies are needed to provide a complete picture for gliding mechanics of this genus. Our approach enables the replication and modification of existing gliders to better understand their performance and mechanics. This can be applied to extinct species, but also as a way of exploring the biomimetic potential of different morphological features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The National Academy of Neuropsychology (NAN), the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN), and the American College of Professional Neuropsychology (ACPN) collaborated to publish an update to their original position statements, confirming the organizations' opposition to third party observer (TPO). Method A review of literature addressing TPO effects, ethical standards, professional organization position statements, test publisher policies and new telemedicine developments was completed to obtain consensus on relevant issues in TPO and recording of neuropsychological evaluations. Results TPO has been shown to impact the cognitive functions most often assessed in forensic or medicolegal settings. Third party observation, whether in person, recorded or electronic, remains a potential threat to the validity and reliability of evaluation results, and violates test security guidelines, ethical principles and standards of conduct in the field. Demands for TPO in the context of medicolegal or forensic settings have become a tactic designed to limit the ability of the consulting neuropsychologist to perform assessment and provide information to the trier of fact. Conclusion The field of neuropsychology opposes the presence of TPO in the setting of medicolegal or forensic neuropsychological evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A different way of seeing, in the work of René Arcilla, contains the possibility for a different way of being. For Arcilla, it matters whether and how we attend to what is visually presented to us. He developed this idea in his earlier work, Mediumism (2011), in which he proposed that modernist visual arts, particularly artwork that draws attention to the medium in which it is conveyed, could invigorate a new form of liberal education. In his most recent book, Wim Wenders's Road Movie Philosophy: Education without Learning, he has fulfilled the promise that a distinctive form of visual experience could constitute an education that liberates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been as unprecedented as unexpected, affecting more than 105 million people worldwide as of 8 February 2020 and causing more than 2.3 million deaths according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Not only affecting the lungs but also provoking acute respiratory distress, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is able to infect multiple cell types including cardiac and vascular cells. Hence a significant proportion of infected patients develop cardiac events, such as arrhythmias and heart failure. Patients with cardiovascular comorbidities are at highest risk of cardiac death. To face the pandemic and limit its burden, health authorities have launched several fast-track calls for research projects aiming to develop rapid strategies to combat the disease, as well as longer-term projects to prepare for the future. Biomarkers have the possibility to aid in clinical decision-making and tailoring healthcare in order to improve patient quality of life. The biomarker potential of circulating RNAs has been recognized in several disease conditions, including cardiovascular disease. RNA biomarkers may be useful in the current COVID-19 situation. The discovery, validation, and marketing of novel biomarkers, including RNA biomarkers, require multi-centre studies by large and interdisciplinary collaborative networks, involving both the academia and the industry. Here, members of the EU-CardioRNA COST Action CA17129 summarize the current knowledge about the strain that COVID-19 places on the cardiovascular system and discuss how RNA biomarkers can aid to limit this burden. They present the benefits and challenges of the discovery of novel RNA biomarkers, the need for networking efforts, and the added value of artificial intelligence to achieve reliable advances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Great expectations have been set around the clinical potential of regenerative and reparative medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases [i.e. in particular, heart failure (HF)]. Initial excitement, spurred by encouraging preclinical data, resulted in a rapid translation into clinical research. The sobering outcome of the resulting clinical trials suggests that preclinical testing may have been insufficient to predict clinical outcome. A number of barriers for clinical translation include the inherent variability of the biological products and difficulties to develop potency and quality assays, insufficient rigour of the preclinical research and reproducibility of the results, manufacturing challenges, and scientific irregularities reported in the last years. The failure to achieve clinical success led to an increased scrutiny and scepticism as to the clinical readiness of stem cells and gene therapy products among clinicians, industry stakeholders, and funding bodies. The present impasse has attracted the attention of some of the most active research groups in the field, which were then summoned to analyse the position of the field and tasked to develop a strategy, to re-visit the undoubtedly promising future of cardiovascular regenerative and reparative medicine, based on lessons learned over the past two decades. During the scientific retreat of the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Regenerative and Reparative Medicine (CARE) in November 2018, the most relevant and timely research aspects in regenerative and/or reparative medicine were presented and critically discussed, with the aim to lay out a strategy for the future development of the field. We report herein the main ideas and conclusions of that meeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter points out a conceptual error made by the authors of a published paper, which presents a review and evaluation of computational methods in lncRNA identification. The error was made in the execution of the BASiNET method when considering an example file (toy model) made available by the authors with the aim of showing how a classification model could be stored in a file for later use. In this letter, this error is contextualized, the correct use of the BASiNET method is pointed out and the results of its correct execution to one of the datasets used in the review article are presented. The results clearly show the misuse of the method and present its correct use so that it can be fairly compared with other methods in the literature and prevent its misuse from being replicated by new studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In theory, offering each sample member the mode sequence that maximizes their response propensity should increase the response rate and/or reduce the amount of nonresponse follow-up relative to a design that offers all sample members the same mode sequence. However, for this sort of tailoring to be feasible in a cross-sectional survey, it must be possible to use data available prior to data collection (e.g. on the sampling frame) to predict sample members' "mode-sensitivity"—the effect of the offered mode sequence on response propensity. Using data from randomized experiments incorporated into the 2016 and 2019 cycles of the National Household Education Survey, we evaluate whether data appended to an address-based sampling (ABS) frame can accurately predict the sensitivity of household-level response behavior to the initial offer of a paper questionnaire instead of a web instrument and whether a modeled-mode design that tailors the offered mode sequence (web-push vs. paper-only) based on the resulting predictions improves household-level data collection outcomes relative to a uniform web-push design. We find that several characteristics available on the ABS frame show statistically significant interactions with the offered mode sequence in determining the probability of response to initial survey mailings. Consequently, relative to a uniform web-push design, the modeled-mode design increased the response rate to early mailings and reduced the number of mailings required per response. However, the modeled-mode design did not meaningfully increase the final response rate, nor did it lead to a substantial reduction in indicators of nonresponse bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Hypothesis Processing speed dysfunction is a core feature of psychosis and predictive of conversion in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Although traditionally measured with pen-and-paper tasks, computerized digit symbol tasks are needed to meet the increasing demand for remote assessments. Therefore we: (1) assessed the relationship between traditional and computerized processing speed measurements; (2) compared effect sizes of impairment for progressive and persistent subgroups of CHR individuals on these tasks; and (3) explored causes contributing to task performance differences. Study Design Participants included 92 CHR individuals and 60 healthy controls who completed clinical interviews, the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia Symbol Coding test, the computerized TestMyBrain Digit Symbol Matching Test, a finger-tapping task, and a self-reported motor abilities measure. Correlations, Hedges' g, and linear models were utilized, respectively, to achieve the above aims. Study Results Task performance was strongly correlated (r  = 0.505). A similar degree of impairment was seen between progressive (g  = −0.541) and persistent (g  = −0.417) groups on the paper version. The computerized task uniquely identified impairment for progressive individuals (g  = −477), as the persistent group performed similarly to controls (g  = −0.184). Motor abilities were related to the computerized version, but the paper version was more related to symptoms and psychosis risk level. Conclusions The paper symbol coding task measures impairment throughout the CHR state, while the computerized version only identifies impairment in those with worsening symptomatology. These results may be reflective of sensitivity differences, an artifact of existing subgroups, or evidence of mechanistic differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Provide a multiorganizational statement to update the statement from a paper in 2000 about critical care pharmacy practice and make recommendations for future practice. Design The Society of Critical Care Medicine, American College of Clinical Pharmacy Critical Care Practice and Research Network, and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists convened a joint task force of 15 pharmacists representing a broad cross-section of critical care pharmacy practice and pharmacy administration, inclusive of geography, critical care practice setting, and roles. The Task Force chairs reviewed and organized primary literature, outlined topic domains, and prepared the methodology for group review and consensus. A modified Delphi method was used until consensus (>66% agreement) was reached for each practice recommendation. Previous position statement recommendations were reviewed and voted to either retain, revise, or retire. Recommendations were categorized by level of ICU service to be applicable by setting, and grouped into five domains: patient care, quality improvement, research and scholarship, training and education, and professional development. Main Results There are 82 recommendation statements: forty-four original recommendations and 38 new recommendation statements. Thirty-four recommendations were made for patient care, primarily relating to critical care pharmacist duties and pharmacy services. In the quality improvement domain, 21 recommendations address the role of the critical care pharmacist in patient and medication safety, clinical quality programs, and analytics. Nine recommendations were made in the domain of research and scholarship. Ten recommendations are in the domain of training and education and eight recommendations regarding professional development. Conclusions The statements recommended by this taskforce delineate the activities of a critical care pharmacist and the scope of pharmacy services within the ICU. Effort should be made from all stakeholders to implement the recommendations provided, with continuous effort toward improving the delivery of care for critically ill patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Garrick Papers are among the brightest literary jewels in the Forster Collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum. This article reconstructs their provenance, along with that of significant deposits of Garrick's correspondence held elsewhere, and examines the circumstances that led to their publication in 1831–1832. It uses unpublished manuscripts, Chancery records, and annotated sale catalogues to identify the chain of ownership between 1822, when the executors of Eva Maria Garrick (1724–1822), the actor's widow, found them in two cabinets at her Thames-side villa at Hampton, and 1876, when they were bequeathed to the South Kensington Museum. It reveals the original order of Garrick's epistolary archive, and his and others' involvement in its appraisal and arrangement, the various depredations and augmentations that occurred during the fifty years that followed Eva Maria Garrick's death, and the early critical reception and publishing history of the printed editions of Garrick's correspondence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A game of war, chess was played and pictured in a time of war by men and women, Jews and non-Jews in hiding, in the ghettos, and even behind the barbed wire of the transit, concentration, and extermination camps across Nazi-occupied Europe. Throughout the Second World War, instead of "throwing the game" and giving up, victims of National Socialism devised ingenious ways to improvise chess sets out of found materials and detritus—carved wood, folded paper, etched tin, and modeled bread. They also drew and painted chess games to document and allegorize their lives in extremis. Through a close reading of chess artifacts and artworks, this article reveals how access to materials and time, status within camp hierarchies, ethnic and national identities, and wartime experiences impacted the various ways these groups used the game of chess under difficult playing conditions. Insisting upon the central role of creativity and play, it argues that both material artifacts and artwork inform our knowledge of how individuals living under Nazi oppression thought and felt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation is an important driver of atherosclerosis, and the favourable outcomes of the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) trial revealed the large potential of anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, especially in patients with a pro-inflammatory constitution. However, the complex immune reactions driving inflammation in the vascular wall in response to an atherosclerotic microenvironment are still being unravelled. Novel insights into the cellular processes driving immunity and inflammation revealed that alterations in intracellular metabolic pathways are strong drivers of survival, growth, and function of immune cells. Therefore, this position paper presents a brief overview of the recent developments in the immunometabolism field, focusing on its role in atherosclerosis. We will also highlight the potential impact of immunometabolic markers and targets in clinical cardiovascular medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we used the gravity model to study the effects of tariffs on US exports and imports of paper products that include paper, paperboard, and wood pulp. The results show that an increase in tariffs would have a small, significant, and asymmetric impact on US exports and imports of paper products. Furthermore, exchange rates, economic sizes of the United States and its trade partners, and internet use rates are found to be significant factors influencing US paper products trade. These results show that the United States has some leverage in promoting free trade in paper products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union (EU) seems to presume that the mass production of European research papers indicates that Europe is a leading scientific power, and the so-called European paradox of strong science but weak technology is due to inefficiencies in the utilization of this top level European science by European industry. We fundamentally disagree, and will show that Europe lags far behind the USA in the production of important, highly cited research. We will show that there is a consistent weakening of European science as one ascends the citation scale, with the EU almost twice as effective in the production of minimal impact papers, while the USA is at least twice as effective in the production of very highly cited scientific papers, and garnering Nobel prizes. Only in the highly multinational, collaborative fields of Physics and Clinical Medicine does the EU seem to approach the USA in top scale impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preservation of hepatic phenotype and functions in vitro has always been a great challenge for the reconstruction of liver tissue engineering and in pharmaceutical research studies. Human induced hepatocytes (hiHeps) generated from fibroblasts can be reproducible with almost normal levels of liver specific functions, which are considered as a new source of hepatocytes for biomedical applications. Moreover, paper has served as an attractive biocompatible material for cell-based applications. In this study, we established a simple paper-based scaffold array for creating a 3D liver co-culture model that enabled the assessment of drug induced hepatotoxicity. The hiHeps co-cultured with HUVECs exhibited a 3D like morphology and maintained the liver specific functions of producing albumin and urea for up to 2 months. In addition, the hiHeps in this co-cultured model maintained a higher expression of cytochrome P450 genes as compared with a monolayer culture on a plate and a single culture on paper of hiHeps, revealing a marked enhancement of hepatic functions in the 3D liver co-culture model. Moreover, the 3D liver co-culture model was exposed to acetaminophen (APAP) and pioglitazone, exhibiting near physiological hepatotoxic responses compared to those of the monolayer cultures. Taken together, the low-cost and bioactive paper scaffold could offer great opportunities as 3D in vitro platforms for tissue engineering applications and high-throughput drug testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of data from 2000 to 2010, we investigated the separate effects of the uptake of forest certification and the usage of recycled paper on imports of paper and paperboard into Germany and the United States. Using panel data methods and based on a conventional Armington trade model, we find that the effects of two main forest certification schemes—the Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) and the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)—differ between markets. In Germany, the PEFC was negatively related to imports. In the United States, imports were preferred from PEFC-dominated countries. The recycled paper utilization rate interacted negatively with imports, irrespective of import country. We also found that price and income elasticities of demand for both countries were within ranges found by other authors: the long-term relative price elasticity of total import demand ranged from ‐0.70 to ‐0.78 for Germany and from ‐0.78 to ‐0.89 for the United States. The elasticity of demand for economic activity was also smaller (between 0.74 and 0.87) for Germany than for the United States (between 0.87 and 0.97). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces the 2022 Clean Energy Best Paper Prizes, recognizing outstanding research including microgrid-based PV/battery/EV systems by Aziz Haffaf, a model for PV power losses by S. Ghosh, and a comparison of PV modules in India by Niranjan Singh Baghel.

Once an international best-seller but largely unknown today, B. Traven's novel Das Totenschiff (The Death Ship) of 1926 presents a scathing critique of state bureaucracy and raises questions about the nature of authority, identity, home, and belonging in communal life. Reading the novel alongside relevant texts from political theory, I examine Traven's text in the light of the history of bureaucracy and statelessness that surrounded and drove its production. Traven will be shown to provide a compelling critique of modern structures of communal organization, both on the level of content and in his multi-layered, non-linear style which runs counter to the more confined consecutive exposition of traditional forms, such as the biographical novel. By disrupting established ways of narrating the dynamics of individualization and belonging, Das Totenschiff reveals some of the complex elements of bureaucratically administered exclusion, as carried forth in objects such as the passport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has revolutionized the practice of ambulatory medicine, triggering rapid dissemination of digital healthcare modalities, including synchronous video visits. However, social determinants of health, such as age, race, income, and others, predict readiness for telemedicine and individuals who are not able to connect virtually may become lost to care. This is particularly relevant to the practice of infectious diseases (ID) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) medicine, as we care for high proportions of individuals whose health outcomes are affected by such factors. Furthermore, delivering high-quality clinical care in ID and HIV practice necessitates discussion of sensitive topics, which is challenging over video without proper preparation. We describe the "digital divide," emphasize the relevance to ID and HIV practice, underscore the need to study the issue and develop interventions to mitigate its impact, and provide suggestions for optimizing telemedicine in ID and HIV clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers an update on the characteristics of submissionsto and papers published in volume 188 of the journal which serves to enrich and educate practicing epidemiologists working in both general and specialty fields. Topics covered include the countries of origin of contributions, the percentage of published manuscriptsa in the the journal over time by type and subject area, and year-to-date decisions made for 2019 submissions to the journal.

Females of many social Hymenoptera commit their reproductive potential to a single male; they mate once and never re-mate. Sexual selection theory predicts that under this regimen female precopulatory mate choice is crucial. The targets of female choice, male secondary sexual traits, should convey information about the functional fertility of the male. Here, we evaluated semen quality and its correlates in the paper wasp Polistes dominula , a monandric species with a lek-based mating system. The main goal of the study was to test whether sperm viability and the total number of sperm covaried with sexually dimorphic abdominal spots, body size and parasitic infection by Xenos vesparum. Surprisingly, superior male fertility was not predicted by attractive sexual traits, such as little round spots and large body size. We also found no effect of the parasite on male fertility, sexual ornamentation or body size. We found only that sperm viability was positively associated with the number of sperm. Moreover, there was evidence of a counterintuitive relationship between (sexually unattractive) large irregular spots and large body size of dominant successful males. Overall, our results suggest a condition-dependent trade-off between body size and costly sexual signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores a late seventeenth-century manuscript verse miscellany held amongst the Ferrar Papers in Magdalene College, Cambridge, not previously discussed by critics. By attending to both the specific features of this manuscript miscellany (including poems by John Dryden, Katherine Philips. and others), and the larger Ferrar archive, the article considers broader questions about how to read and interpret manuscript miscellanies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Digitised patient-reported outcome may be beneficial for physicians and patients. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ) can only be completed with paper and pencil (pJHEQ). We newly developed a web version of the JHEQ (wJHEQ). This study aimed to determine whether the scores obtained with the wJHEQ are equivalent to those from the pJHEQ, how much the wJHEQ would decrease missing answers, and which JHEQ the participants preferred to use. Methods: To measure equivalence between the pJHEQ and wJHEQ, we evaluated the mean score difference for each subscale (pain, movement, mental) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; satisfaction, right hip pain, left hip pain) and then assessed the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between the two scores. ICC values ≥0.75 were defined as excellent agreement. We used Bland-Altman analysis to assess level of agreement between the values of the two questionnaires. We compared the number of incomplete forms and amount of missing data between the two questionnaires. We investigated ease of use by asking the participants which format was easier to use. Results: This study comprised 113 patients (mean age 58.1 years, 81% female) with hip disease. Mean score differences for each subscale between the wJHEQ and pJHEQ were not significantly different. The values of ICC for each subscale and each VAS were all >0.75. All 113 participants completed the wJHEQ questionnaire, whereas nine patients did not complete the pJHEQ form. There was a significant statistical difference between the completion rate of the wJHEQ and that of the pJHEQ (p = .0017). Fifty-seven participants (55%) preferred the wJHEQ, whereas 33 participants (32%) preferred the pJHEQ. Conclusion: The wJHEQ was found to be equivalent to the original pJHEQ. The wJHEQ significantly decreased the numbers of missing answers and incomplete forms. The participants felt ease of use was nearly equivalent. The wJHEQ might help facilitate more complete assessments in clinical trials and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colonies of social insects exhibit a spectacular variety of life histories. Here, we documented the degree of variation in colony life-history traits, mostly related to productivity, in two species of wild paper wasps. We then tested for associations between colony life-history traits to look for evidence of trade-offs vs. a life-history productivity syndrome (i.e. all colony performance metrics are positively correlated) and examined whether differences in the individual behavioural tendencies of foundresses (Polistes metricus) or the number of cofoundresses (Polistes fuscatus) influenced colony life history. The majority of our measures of colony life history were positively related, indicating no obvious resource allocation trade-offs. Instead, the positive association of traits into a productivity syndrome appears to be driven by differences in queen or microhabitat quality. Productivity syndrome structure differed only marginally between species. Queen boldness and body size were not associated with colony life history in P. metricus. Colonies initiated by multiple P. fuscatus were more productive, and this advantage was approximately proportional to the number of cofoundresses. These findings demonstrate that colony life-history traits can be associated much like individual life-history traits, and the associations seen here convey that differences in overall productivity drive between-colony differences in life history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Executive skills refer to a set of cognitive skills that allow individuals to engage in goal directed behavior. They encompass planning, initiation, inhibition, monitoring and flexibility in approach to tasks, and are necessary for functional competence. Executive skills are vulnerable to disruption with damage to the brain, as occurs with dementia. Methods Participants were recruited from a tertiary memory assessment and support Service. The Assessment of Motor & Process Skills (AMPS), a standardised observational assessment of occupational performance (1Fischer, 2003) was administered by trained Occupational Therapists. In addition, the EXIT-25, a pen & paper based assessment of executive skills (2Royall et al, 1992) was administered. Process scores from the AMPS, and overall score from the EXIT 25 were utilised for correlation analysis. Results 22 participants, 12 male and 10 females, age range 60-91 (mean 75.5 years), was analysed using Spearman's Rho correlation (-.2). Results did not identify a strong correlation Conclusion Dementia is commonly regarded as a disorder of memory. However, diagnosis is dependent on functional decline related to cognitive decline. The AMPS provides a formal assessment of functional skills, in terms of motor & process skills with cut off scores regarding safe independent living. The results of this study indicate that the AMPS is not associated with executive scores on formal cognitive assessments, highlighting the value of an extensive multi-component MDT approach (also incorporating history taking, imaging, bio marker testing etc.) in assessing and diagnosing a dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In case of scientific misconduct, the papers can be retracted at the request of the journal's editors and/or authors. However, the retracted articles continue to be fully available through online resources, including journals websites. This paper argues that a classical retraction is insufficient to mitigate the adverse effect some retracted papers continue to have on critical issues, e.g. public health. The more strict approach, 'Hard Retraction', is presented for consideration. Its implementation would lead to (1) complete deletion of the full text of the retracted paper, (2) substitution of the original abstract with a detailed retraction notice, (3) removal of the paper from the citation databases, (4) deposition of the retracted paper in the dedicated repository accessible for registered members. The benefits and risks of such an approach are discussed. Nevertheless, it should only be reserved for cases of fraud or grave errors with broad impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the 1880s, concern over the inconvenience of hazardous chemical solutions used for bedside urinalysis sparked an interest in the development of dry reagents for a range of common urine tests. Content: This article examines the history of Dr Pavy's Pellets and Dr Oliver's Papers, 2 different dry reagent systems developed in the 1880s for bedside urine testing. It sets these developments in the context of the earlier dry chemistry work (e.g., indicator papers) and the subsequent work that led to modern day reagent tablets and dipstick devices. Summary: Tests based on dry reagents can be traced back to the 1st century, but active development, in the form of indicator papers, dates from the 1600s. In the 1880s, spurred by dissatisfaction with liquid-based bedside urine testing among clinicians, Dr Frederick William Pavy and Dr George Oliver developed dry reagent tests, based on pellets (Dr Pavy's Pellets) and chemically impregnated papers (Dr Oliver's Papers) for urine sugar and urine albumin. These reagents were commercialized by a number of companies and provided in convenient cases (Physician's Pocket Reagent Case). Eventually, these tests lost popularity and were replaced by the type of tablets and dipsticks developed by both Eli Lilly, and the Ames Division of Miles Laboratories (subsequently Bayer, and currently Siemens Healthineers) during the 1940s and 1950s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fortune-telling using cards became increasingly popular in France in the late eighteenth century. But the history of cards as tools for divination has been overshadowed by myths spun by occultist writers, who claimed Tarot were the only cards truly suited to fortune-telling, because they encoded secret magical truths that dated back to ancient Egypt. This article turns from these myths to alternative sources that show cards in action: criminal prosecutions of fortune-tellers, popular card-reading manuals, and surviving cards from the period. Not only Tarot, but cards of all kinds, from playing cards to decks designed for divination became flexible tools for negotiating relationships among a broad range of the French population. As images, texts and objects to be manipulated, cards unlock common structures of emotion in nineteenth-century France, from the sense of order implied by suits, to the importance of juxtapositions and chance, and of turning things over to uncover their true, hidden meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate whether decoloured cell‐free supernatant of Lysobacter enzymogenes C3 can decrease paper bioreceptivity to fungal attack. Methods and Results: To prepare colourless C3 supernatant, single‐factor design and uniform design were applied. The optimum conditions with high decolouration degree and low antifungal activity loss were achieved as follows: carbon granule content 1·6% (M/V), temperature 27°C, decolouring time 1·2 h and pH 8·0. An agar plate bioassay was used to assess the antifungal activity of the decoloured supernatant against the fungal isolates obtained from contaminated books, and strong suppression was observed. Small‐sacle laboratory test was further introduced, in which common book papers were artificially inoculated with the fungal isolates, and then sprayed uniformly with decoloured supernatant or water. The results showed that, after treatment, the paper showed a significantly low extent of fungal colonization and high tensile strength, and maintained the same colour before and after treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that the decoloured C3 supernatant inhibits fungal growth on types of paper commonly used in books. Significance and Impact of the Study: Decoloured C3 supernatant could be used as a preventive agent to protect books and other paper‐based items against fungal growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is commonly thought that unconscious processes cannot produce actions deserving praise or blame. I present a thought experiment designed to generate a contradicting intuition: at least in this case, we do give credit for the product of an unconscious process. The target is creativity. Many instances of creative thought begin with a step that unconsciously generates a new idea by combining existing ideas. The resulting ideas are selected and developed by later processing. This first step could be replaced with a simple machine that randomly pairs concepts. Now, imagine a philosopher, Liberty, who gets all of his paper ideas from this machine. Compare him to another philosopher, Libertad, who comes up with all the same papers using her own mind. If you share the intuition that Liberty's work deserves less credit for creativity, you are giving credit for the product of an unconscious process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated associative learning of food odors by the European paper wasp Polistes dominula Christ (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) because of consistent low rates of attraction to food materials in laboratory assays. We hypothesized that wasps in nature exhibit nonspecific food-finding behavior until locating a suitable food, and then respond more strongly and specifically to odors associated with that food reward. Female P. dominula workers exhibited higher rates of attraction in a flight tunnel to piped odors of fermented fruit purees following previous experience with that puree, compared to wasps with no prior experience with the fermented fruits. Attraction behavior included upwind-oriented flight and casting within the odor plume, indicative of chemoanemotaxis. Synthetic chemicals representative of volatiles P. dominula may encounter in nature while foraging was also tested. Similar increases in attraction responses occurred following feeding experience with a sugar solution that included either 3-methyl-1-butanol or pear ester, but not eugenol. These experimental results support the hypothesis of associative learning of food odors in P. dominula. We discuss the ecological relevance of our results and suggest an alternative approach to trap paper wasps in pest situations utilizing learned chemical attractants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Next-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized genomics and altered the scientific publication landscape. Life-science journals abound with genome papers--peer-reviewed descriptions of newly sequenced chromosomes. Although they once filled the pages of Nature and Science, genome papers are now mostly relegated to journals with lowimpact factors. Some have forecast the death of the genome paper and argued that they are using up valuable resources and not advancing science. However, the publication rate of genome papers is on the rise. This increase is largely because some journals have created a new category of manuscript called genome reports, which are short, fast-tracked papers describing a chromosome sequence(s), its GenBank accession number and little else. In 2015, for example, more than 2000 genome reports were published, and 2016 is poised to bring even more. Here, I highlight the growing popularity of genome reports and discuss their merits, drawbacks and impact on science and the academic publication infrastructure. Genome reports can be excellent assets for the research community, but they are also being used as quick and easy routes to a publication, and in some instances they are not peer reviewed. One of the best arguments for genome reports is that they are a citable, user-generated genomic resource providing essential methodological and biological information, which may not be present in the sequence database. But they are expensive and time-consuming avenues for achieving such a goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A typical behavioral research paper features multiple studies of a common phenomenon that are analyzed solely in isolation. Because the studies are of a common phenomenon, this practice is inefficient and forgoes important benefits that can be obtained only by analyzing them jointly in a single-paper meta-analysis (SPM). To facilitate SPM, we introduce meta-analytic methodology that is userfriendly, widely applicable, and specially tailored to the SPM of the set of studies that appear in a typical behavioral research paper. Our SPM methodology provides important benefits for study summary, theory testing, and replicability that we illustrate via three case studies that include papers recently published in the Journal of Consumer Research and the Journal of Marketing Research. We advocate that authors of typical behavioral research papers use it to supplement the single-study analyses that independently examine the multiple studies in the body of their papers as well as the "qualitative meta-analysis" that verbally synthesizes the studies in the general discussion of their papers. When used as such, this requiresonly a minor modification of current practice. We provide an easy-to-use website that implements our SPM methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medical management of inflammatory bowel disease has changed considerably over time with wider use of immunosuppressant therapy and the introduction of biological therapy. To what extent this change of medical paradigms has influenced and modified the disease course is incompletely known. To address this issue, an extensive review of the literature has been carried out on time trends of hospitalization, surgery, infections, cancer, and mortality rates in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients. Preference was given to population-based studies but, when data from these sources were limited, large cohort studies and randomised controlled trials were also considered. In general, data on hospitalisation rates are strikingly heterogeneous and conflicting. In contrast, the consistent drop in surgery/colectomy rates suggests that the growing use of immunosuppressants and biological agents has had a positive impact on the course of IBD. Most clinical trial data indicate that the risk of serious infections is not increased in patients treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNFa] agents, but a different picture emerges from cohort studies. The use of thiopurines increases the risk for non-melanoma skin cancers and to a lesser extent for lymphoma and cervical cancer [absolute risk: low], whereas no clear increase in the cancer risk has been reported for anti-TNF agents. Finally, the majority of studies reported in the literature do not reveal any increase in mortality with immunosuppressant therapy or biologicals/anti-TNF agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics concerning experiences with social workers, the social work profession and social work service systems.

The goal of the Ending the HIV Epidemic Initiative is to reduce new infections in the United States by 90% by 2030. Success will require fundamentally changing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and care delivery to engage more persons with HIV and at risk of HIV in treatment. While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduced in-person visits to care facilities and led to concern about interruptions in care, it also accelerated growth of alternative options, bolstered by additional funding support. These included the use of telehealth, medication delivery to the home, and increased flexibility facilitating access to Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program services. While the outcomes of these programs must be studied, many have improved accessibility during the pandemic. As the pandemic wanes, long-term policy changes are needed to preserve these options for those who benefit from them. These new care paradigms may provide a roadmap for progress for those with other chronic health issues as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task of predicting the interactions between drugs and targets plays a key role in the process of drug discovery. There is a need to develop novel and efficient prediction approaches in order to avoid costly and laborious yet not-always-deterministic experiments to determine drug–target interactions (DTIs) by experiments alone. These approaches should be capable of identifying the potential DTIs in a timely manner. In this article, we describe the data required for the task of DTI prediction followed by a comprehensive catalog consisting of machine learning methods and databases, which have been proposed and utilized to predict DTIs. The advantages and disadvantages of each set of methods are also briefly discussed. Lastly, the challenges one may face in prediction of DTI using machine learning approaches are highlighted and we conclude by shedding some lights on important future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only 8 patients (5.9%) had a new finding on second or subsequent visits (colonic polyp in 6 patients, renal cancer in one patient and benign adrenal adenoma in one patient). For patient with screen and surveillance detected AAA the median times from diagnosis to first clinic review was 8-days and 17-days; and from diagnosis to surgery 43-days (7 [59%] of patients were operated on within 40-days) and 76-days (only 20 [30%] of patients were operated on within 40-days) respectively. WS 6.3 Patient reported surgical site infection after elective colorectal surgery - patient reported... Lydia Newton, Ffion Dewi, Harry Dean, Cara Swain, Dawn Gane, Anne Pullyblank North Bristol NHS Trust Aims: 30-day surgical site infection (SSI) after colorectal resection is difficult to measure as patients are discharged quickly within enhanced recovery programmes. WS 13.3 Z-Plasty is an effective management for colostomy stenosis in high risk patients Judith Johnston, Mohamed Basheer Midyorkshire Hospital Trust Aims: To ascertain which patients are managed with Z-plasty for stomal stenosis To assess the effectiveness of using Z-plasty in treating stomal stenosis Methods: Operative information around all patients from 2010-2019 who underwent Z-plasty for stomal stenosis was collected and analysed on Excel. [Extracted from the article]

Using historical source material such as photographs, albums, and scrapbooks, the author explores the material culture of mothering for twentieth-century families of Southern England. The article considers family archives created by mothers Thelma Newton held at the East Sussex Records Office, Edith Vidler of Rye in Kent, and Sarah Doreen Budd, best known as Doreen (1908–1993) held at the Hampshire Record Office.