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The article discusses the "Paper Museum" of Cassiano dal Pozzo, a collection of drawings and documents focused on enriching knowledge rather than generating income. The article praises the authors of the museum's catalog, Amanda Claridge and Eloisa Dodero, for upholding a tradition of cataloging and providing a comprehensive and intelligent approach to the subject matter. The four volumes of the catalog are described as extensive and interactive, providing valuable information and cross-references. The article also mentions the potential for digitizing the catalog but emphasizes the importance of the physical book form. The article suggests that the catalog will be a valuable resource for research and highlights the importance of understanding the documentary and artistic aspects of the Paper Museum. The article concludes by acknowledging the scholarly legacy of Amanda Claridge. [Extracted from the article]

He allowed the Navy SEAL team an extra 18 minutes in Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad to collect any computers and papers that might help the CIA deplete the remnants of Al-Qaeda. Lahoud shines a new light on Iran's double-game, detaining some of Al-Qaeda's leadership and some of Bin Laden's family, creating another quandary for the leader. [Extracted from the article]

Heart failure—either with reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF/HFpEF)—is a clinical syndrome of multifactorial and gender-dependent aetiology, indicating the insufficiency of the heart to pump blood adequately to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. Typical symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive fatigue with impaired exercise capacity, and peripheral oedema, thereby alluding to the fact that heart failure is a syndrome that affects multiple organ systems. Patients suffering from progressed heart failure have a very limited life expectancy, lower than that of numerous cancer types. In this position paper, we provide an overview regarding interactions between the heart and other organ systems, the clinical evidence, underlying mechanisms, potential available or yet-to-establish animal models to study such interactions and finally discuss potential new drug interventions to be developed in the future. Our working group suggests that more experimental research is required to understand the individual molecular mechanisms underlying heart failure and reinforces the urgency for tailored therapeutic interventions that target not only the heart but also other related affected organ systems to effectively treat heart failure as a clinical syndrome that affects and involves multiple organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urine is the best specimen for the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus, but collection and processing of liquid urine are impractical for screening. Urine dried on filter paper was processed by the same convenient, low-cost method used by newborn screening to test blood spots and showed high sensitivity and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 is a global threat, causing high mortality, especially in the elderly. The main symptoms and the primary cause of death are related to interstitial pneumonia. Viral entry also into myocardial cells mainly via the angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) receptor and excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, however, also make the heart susceptible to injury. In addition to the immediate damage caused by the acute inflammatory response, the heart may also suffer from long-term consequences of COVID-19, potentially causing a post-pandemic increase in cardiac complications. Although the main cause of cardiac damage in COVID-19 remains coagulopathy with micro- (and to a lesser extent macro-) vascular occlusion, open questions remain about other possible modalities of cardiac dysfunction, such as direct infection of myocardial cells, effects of cytokines storm, and mechanisms related to enhanced coagulopathy. In this opinion paper, we focus on these lesser appreciated possibilities and propose experimental approaches that could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular bases of cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients. We first discuss approaches to characterize cardiac damage caused by possible direct viral infection of cardiac cells, followed by formulating hypotheses on how to reproduce and investigate the hyperinflammatory and pro-thrombotic conditions observed in the heart of COVID-19 patients using experimental in vitro systems. Finally, we elaborate on strategies to discover novel pathology biomarkers using omics platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Mothers who have children removed from their care often have complex needs. These women have poor health outcomes and are dying earlier than their peers from preventable and amenable causes. Yet there is little known about how health care services might mitigate these risks. This study aimed to listen to the voices of women who had children removed from their care to understand their experiences of health and healthcare. Methods We used a narrative approach to collect and analyse interview data with six mothers who had experienced child removal in England. Each participant was asked to reflect on their life and main health challenges. Results Three narrative subplots were developed to consolidate experiences of unmet health need: (i) 'on paper you're normal': narratives of complex need, (ii) 'in my family, everyone had issues': narratives of whole family need and (iii) 'I'm still mummy, no matter where they are': narratives of maternal identity and health. Conclusions Findings highlight limitations within current systems of support, including a culture of distrust and women falling between the gaps of services. Women's narratives illustrate opportunities for health intervention, especially immediately following child removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the genes and mutations that drive the emergence of tumors is a critical step to improving our understanding of cancer and identifying new directions for disease diagnosis and treatment. Despite the large volume of genomics data, the precise detection of driver mutations and their carrying genes, known as cancer driver genes, from the millions of possible somatic mutations remains a challenge. Computational methods play an increasingly important role in discovering genomic patterns associated with cancer drivers and developing predictive models to identify these elements. Machine learning (ML), including deep learning, has been the engine behind many of these efforts and provides excellent opportunities for tackling remaining gaps in the field. Thus, this survey aims to perform a comprehensive analysis of ML-based computational approaches to identify cancer driver mutations and genes, providing an integrated, panoramic view of the broad data and algorithmic landscape within this scientific problem. We discuss how the interactions among data types and ML algorithms have been explored in previous solutions and outline current analytical limitations that deserve further attention from the scientific community. We hope that by helping readers become more familiar with significant developments in the field brought by ML, we may inspire new researchers to address open problems and advance our knowledge towards cancer driver discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its high cardiovascular risk, patients with CKD, especially those with advanced CKD (stages 4–5 and patients on kidney replacement therapy), are excluded from most cardiovascular clinical trials. It is particularly relevant in patients with advanced CKD and heart failure (HF) who have been underrepresented in many pivotal randomized trials that have modified the management of HF. For this reason, there is little or no direct evidence for HF therapies in patients with advanced CKD and treatment is extrapolated from patients without CKD or patients with earlier CKD stages. The major consequence of the lack of direct evidence is the under-prescription of HF drugs to this patient population. As patients with advanced CKD and HF represent probably the highest cardiovascular risk population, the exclusion of these patients from HF trials is a serious deontological fault that must be solved. There is an urgent need to generate evidence on how to treat HF in patients with advanced CKD. This article briefly reviews the management challenges posed by HF in patients with CKD and proposes a road map to address them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residual performance of two pyrethroid-neonicotinoid mixture formulations: Temprid SC (10.5% beta-cyfluthrin and 21% imidacloprid) and Tandem (3.5% lambda-cyhalothrin and 11.6% thiamethoxam) on two substrates (glass and filter paper) against eight pyrethroid-resistant strains (BM-MY, BP-MY, CH-MY, GL-MY, KL-MY, SAJ-MY, TT-MY, and QLD-AU) of the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) collected from Malaysia, and Australia were evaluated. The aging effect of treatment residues on glass was also investigated. A susceptible C. lectularius L. strain (Monheim) was used for comparison. Temprid SC showed varying levels of performance against all C. hemipterus strains: TT-MY (PR50 = 6.5-fold, high performance), BM-MY, GL-MY, SAJ-MY, and QLD-AU (12.8–21.6-fold, moderate performance), BP-MY, and KL-MY (48.2–49-fold, poor performance), CH-MY (128.2-fold, very poor performance). On the other hand, Tandem displayed high performance against all C. hemipterus strains (1.8–8.3-fold). Tandem caused faster mortality than Temprid SC for all strains. Temprid SC and Tandem residues killed C. hemipterus significantly faster on glass than filter paper. Compared with fresh residues, the efficacy of Temprid SC residues significantly declined after one week of aging, while the effectiveness of Tandem residues declined after two weeks of aging. Further investigations using the topical assay method with a diagnostic dose of imidacloprid found two strains (CH-MY and GL-MY) resistant to imidacloprid. The six other strains (BM-MY, BP-MY, KL-MY, SAJ-MY, TT-MY, and QLD-AU) were susceptible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For five hundred eighty days, between 2018 and 2019, former Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva remained imprisoned in the city of Curitiba, about two hundred miles South of São Paulo. During that period, more than twenty thousand letters were sent to him from all regions of the country—the result of a campaign initiated by the Workers' Party and rapidly disseminated through social media—correspondence now archived at the Lula Institute, in the city of São Paulo, as part of the Lula Presidential Archives. This article surveys the status of private presidential archives in Brazil, probing the nature of "prison letters" and their uses in campaign actions for Lula's release, with special attention to the circulation of documents in digital format on websites and social media. The authors had access to the documentation cited in this piece during the mobilization for the Lula Livre movements. Finally, the article contributes to the study of political correspondence and analyzes the challenges posed to historical research by the digital circulation of documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This monograph provides a historical analysis of the supply of materials for the papermaking industry in the modern period. It explores the use of linen and hemp rags for handmade paper, the shortage of suitable rags due to increased demand, and the introduction of mechanical papermaking and new materials like wood pulp and esparto grass. The book also discusses the constant experimentation and improvement of the glue used in papermaking. However, the book is criticized for its lack of detail and accuracy in explaining manufacturing processes and for inaccurately citing secondary sources. [Extracted from the article]

Aims: This study was designed to analyse the prevalence of class 1 and class 2 integron integrase genes among antibiotic‐resistant coliform bacteria isolated from paper currency circulating in Pakistan. Methods and Results: A total of 500 individual currency notes were collected from different food vending sites at Lahore, Pakistan. Bacterial population were identified by biochemical and PCR techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion assay. The highest bacterial population on currency was found from street vendors and butcher shops. Escherichia coli was found to be the most prevalent coliform bacteria followed by Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter sp. PCR amplification of antimicrobial resistance gene showed the presence of ampC, blaTEM, blaNDM‐1, qnrA, tet(A) and tet(B) genes among coliform isolates. A total of 47 integron integrase bearing strains of coliform bacteria were analysed. Sequence analysis showed the presence of dfrA1‐aadA1, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, aadA1, aadA4 cassette arrays in class 1 integron and dfrA1‐sat2‐aadA1 in class 2 integrase genes. Conclusion: Circulating currency was heavily contaminated with antimicrobial‐resistant coliform bacteria bearing class 1 and class 2 integron integrase genes. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study describes a potential threat of severe bacterial infections due to improper hand hygiene and community sanitation when dealing with the currency notes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Data papers have emerged as a powerful instrument for open data publishing, obtaining credit, and establishing priority for datasets generated in scientific experiments. Academic publishing improves data and metadata quality through peer review and increases the impact of datasets by enhancing their visibility, accessibility, and reusability. Objective We aimed to establish a new type of article structure and template for omics studies: the omics data paper. To improve data interoperability and further incentivize researchers to publish well-described datasets, we created a prototype workflow for streamlined import of genomics metadata from the European Nucleotide Archive directly into a data paper manuscript. Methods An omics data paper template was designed by defining key article sections that encourage the description of omics datasets and methodologies. A metadata import workflow, based on REpresentational State Transfer services and Xpath, was prototyped to extract information from the European Nucleotide Archive, ArrayExpress, and BioSamples databases. Findings The template and workflow for automatic import of standard-compliant metadata into an omics data paper manuscript provide a mechanism for enhancing existing metadata through publishing. Conclusion The omics data paper structure and workflow for import of genomics metadata will help to bring genomic and other omics datasets into the spotlight. Promoting enhanced metadata descriptions and enforcing manuscript peer review and data auditing of the underlying datasets brings additional quality to datasets. We hope that streamlined metadata reuse for scholarly publishing encourages authors to create enhanced metadata descriptions in the form of data papers to improve both the quality of their metadata and its findability and accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most used colour developer in thermal paper for cashiers receipts, labels, and tickets. BPA can migrate onto the skin and be absorbed when handling these papers. BPA is a known endocrine disruptor and is therefore being replaced in thermal paper by some alternatives such as Bisphenol S (BPS), D-8, and Pergafast 201® (PF201). To our knowledge, no studies have characterized skin permeation of these BPA alternatives. Methods We measured/characterized skin absorption for BPA, BPS, D-8, and PF201 through ex vivo human skin using flow-through diffusion cells according to OECD guideline 428. Skin samples were 7–12 per test substance from three different skin donors. Skin metabolism was studied for BPA. Dermal absorption was expressed as the amount of the BPA alternatives in the receptor fluid over applied dose in percent (%). Results The absorbed dose after 24 h of exposure was 25% for BPA, 17% for D-8, 0.4% for BPS, and D-8 >> BPS > PF201. These results are in agreement with their log K ow and molecular weights. We provided here the necessary data to estimate the extent of skin absorption of BPA analogues, which is a necessary step in risk assessment, and ultimately evaluate public health risks posed by D-8, BPS, and PF201. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: To analyze the relative proportion of bioinformatics papers and their nonbioinformatics counterparts in the top 20 most cited papers annually for the past two decades. Results: When defining bioinformatics papers as encompassing both those that provide software for data analysis or methods underlying data analysis software, we find that over the past two decades, more than a third (34%) of the most cited papers in science were bioinformatics papers, which is approximately a 31-fold enrichment relative to the total number of bioinformatics papers published. More than half of the most cited papers during this span were bioinformatics papers. Yet, the average 5-year JIF of top 20 bioinformatics papers was 7.7, whereas the average JIF for top 20 non-bioinformatics papers was 25.8, significantly higher (P<4.5 x 10-29). The 20-year trend in the average JIF between the two groups suggests the gap does not appear to be significantly narrowing. For a sampling of the journals producing top papers, bioinformatics journals tended to have higher Gini coefficients, suggesting that development of novel bioinformatics resources may be somewhat 'hit or miss'. That is, relative to other fields, bioinformatics produces some programs that are extremely widely adopted and cited, yet there are fewer of intermediate success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reads the stories of the paradise and the golem in Cynthia Ozick's novel Puttermesser Papers. I argue that these two intertwined stories, the dystopian utopia of the paradise and the birth and death of the golem, encapsulate the author's endeavour to wrestle with the idolatry of aesthetic culture and that of pagan nature. From her rather idiosyncratic perspective of anti-idolatry, Ozick challenges the transcendent claims of the modern Western cult of literature/art in revealing the utopia of literary imagination as ultimately dystopian on the one hand, while on the other, endeavours to reconfigure the relationship between Jewish monotheism and its pagan other by narrating the story of the golem with much ambiguities and ambivalence. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Many animals have ornaments that mediate choice and competition in social and sexual contexts. Individuals with elaborate sexual ornaments typically have higher fitness than those with less elaborate ornaments, but less is known about whether socially selected ornaments are associated with fitness. Here, we test the relationship between fitness and facial patterns that are a socially selected signal of fighting ability in Polistes dominula wasps. We found wasps that signal higher fighting ability have larger nests, are more likely to survive harsh winters, and obtain higher dominance rank than wasps that signal lower fighting ability. In comparison, body weight was not associated with fitness. Larger wasps were dominant over smaller wasps, but showed no difference in nest size or survival. Overall, the positive relationship between wasp facial patterns and fitness indicates that receivers can obtain diverse information about a signaler's phenotypic quality by paying attention to socially selected ornaments. Therefore, there are surprisingly strong parallels between the information conveyed by socially and sexually selected signals. Similar fitness relationships in social and sexually selected signals may be one reason it can be difficult to distinguish the role of social versus sexual selection in ornament evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the top 10 papers in arrhythmias published in 2023, focusing on advancements in the understanding and treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) and long QT syndrome (LQTS). The article discusses the use of the HARMS2-AF score for screening high-risk individuals for AF and the cost-effectiveness of AF screening. It also examines the clinical implications of oral anticoagulation in subclinical AF and the role of catheter ablation in treating AF. Additionally, the article explores a new threshold for defining AF recurrences and the potential for epicardial arrhythmogenic substrate ablation in LQTS. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides a summary of recent pivotal papers on thrombosis and antithrombotic treatment in cardiovascular medicine. The article discusses various topics, including the use of bivalirudin in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the optimization of P2Y12-inhibitor choice in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in high-bleeding risk patients, the comparison of clopidogrel and aspirin post-PCI, the role of coagulation factor XI in atrial fibrillation (AF), the use of oral anticoagulants (OAC) in AF patients with low-stroke risk, the use of OAC in subclinical AF, the use of aspirin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) in acute ischemic stroke, and the optimal antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The article provides a balanced overview of the findings from these studies, highlighting both the benefits and limitations of each approach. [Extracted from the article]

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) medical devices is rapidly growing. Although AI may benefit the quality and safety of healthcare for older adults, it simultaneously introduces new ethical and legal issues. Many AI medical devices exhibit age-related biases. The first part of this paper explains how 'digital ageism' is produced throughout the entire lifecycle of medical AI and may lead to health inequity for older people: systemic, avoidable differences in the health status of different population groups. This paper takes digital ageism as a use case to show the potential inequitable effects of AI, conceptualized as the 'AI cycle of health inequity'. The second part of this paper explores how the European Union (EU) regulatory framework addresses the issue of digital ageism. It argues that the negative effects of age-related bias in AI medical devices are insufficiently recognized within the regulatory framework of the EU Medical Devices Regulation and the new AI Act. It concludes that while the EU framework does address some of the key issues related to technical biases in AI medical devices by stipulating rules for performance and data quality, it does not account for contextual biases, therefore neglecting part of the AI cycle of health inequity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change, and the need to wean the world off hydrocarbon sources of energy, will have a significant impact on the hydrocarbon industry, an industry worth hundreds of billions of dollars annually, and which has been in existence for over a century. Even though the phasing out of hydrocarbons as an energy source is inevitable, the demise of the hydrocarbon industry is not. This study, demonstrates that the hydrocarbon industry can make a significant contribution as the world transitions to low carbon energy. in this paper, we discuss the role of the hydrocarbon industry in developing a new hydrogen industry, demonstrating how the industry's know how will be vital in the development, construction, and delivery of both blue and green hydrogen to an energy hungry world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regular aerobic exercise (RAEX) elicits several positive adaptations in all organs and tissues of the body, culminating in improved health and well-being. Indeed, in over half a century, many studies have shown the benefit of RAEX on cardiovascular outcome in terms of morbidity and mortality. RAEX elicits a wide range of functional and structural adaptations in the heart and its coronary circulation, all of which are to maintain optimal myocardial oxygen and nutritional supply during increased demand. Although there is no evidence suggesting that oxidative metabolism is limited by coronary blood flow (CBF) rate in the normal heart even during maximal exercise, increased CBF and capillary exchange capacities have been reported. Adaptations of coronary macro- and microvessels include outward remodelling of epicardial coronary arteries, increased coronary arteriolar size and density, and increased capillary surface area. In addition, there are adjustments in the neural and endothelial regulation of coronary macrovascular tone. Similarly, there are several adaptations at the level of microcirculation, including enhanced (such as nitric oxide mediated) smooth muscle-dependent pressure-induced myogenic constriction and upregulated endothelium-dependent/shear-stress-induced dilation, increasing the range of diameter change. Alterations in the signalling interaction between coronary vessels and cardiac metabolism have also been described. At the molecular and cellular level, ion channels are key players in the local coronary vascular adaptations to RAEX, with enhanced activation of influx of Ca2+ contributing to the increased myogenic tone (via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels) as well as the enhanced endothelium-dependent dilation (via TRPV4 channels). Finally, RAEX elicits a number of beneficial effects on several haemorheological variables that may further improve CBF and myocardial oxygen delivery and nutrient exchange in the microcirculation by stabilizing and extending the range and further optimizing the regulation of myocardial blood flow during exercise. These adaptations also act to prevent and/or delay the development of coronary and cardiac diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cardiovascular system is significantly affected in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Microvascular injury, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombosis resulting from viral infection or indirectly related to the intense systemic inflammatory and immune responses are characteristic features of severe COVID-19. Pre-existing cardiovascular disease and viral load are linked to myocardial injury and worse outcomes. The vascular response to cytokine production and the interaction between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor may lead to a significant reduction in cardiac contractility and subsequent myocardial dysfunction. In addition, a considerable proportion of patients who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 do not fully recover and continue to experience a large number of symptoms and post-acute complications in the absence of a detectable viral infection. This conditions often referred to as 'post-acute COVID-19' may have multiple causes. Viral reservoirs or lingering fragments of viral RNA or proteins contribute to the condition. Systemic inflammatory response to COVID-19 has the potential to increase myocardial fibrosis which in turn may impair cardiac remodelling. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of cardiovascular injury and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. As the pandemic continues and new variants emerge, we can advance our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms only by integrating our understanding of the pathophysiology with the corresponding clinical findings. Identification of new biomarkers of cardiovascular complications, and development of effective treatments for COVID-19 infection are of crucial importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The National Institutes of Health (NIH) mobilized more than $4 billion in extramural funding for the COVID-19 pandemic. Assessing the research output from this effort is crucial to understanding how the scientific community leveraged federal funding and responded to this public health crisis. Methods NIH-funded COVID-19 grants awarded between January 2020 and December 2021 were identified from NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results using the "COVID-19 Response" filter. PubMed identifications of publications under these grants were collected and the NIH iCite tool was used to determine citation counts and focus (eg, clinical, animal). iCite and the NIH's LitCOVID database were used to identify publications directly related to COVID-19. Publication titles and Medical Subject Heading terms were used as inputs to a machine learning–based model built to identify common topics/themes within the publications. Results and Conclusions We evaluated 2401 grants that resulted in 14 654 publications. The majority of these papers were published in peer-reviewed journals, though 483 were published to preprint servers. In total, 2764 (19%) papers were directly related to COVID-19 and generated 252 029 citations. These papers were mostly clinically focused (62%), followed by cell/molecular (32%), and animal focused (6%). Roughly 60% of preprint publications were cell/molecular-focused, compared with 26% of nonpreprint publications. The machine learning–based model identified the top 3 research topics to be clinical trials and outcomes research (8.5% of papers), coronavirus-related heart and lung damage (7.3%), and COVID-19 transmission/epidemiology (7.2%). This study provides key insights regarding how researchers leveraged federal funding to study the COVID-19 pandemic during its initial phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay, which is part of a larger book project, reflects my interest in rethinking concepts of Black modernity and speculating on its possible manifestations in different forms at different historical moments. Specifically, I posit the emergence of an urban Black modernity in US northern cities during the antebellum era. I begin by mapping a literary history of urban modernity in periodical culture over a span of 150 years. I examine its origins in Richard Steele's Tatler (1709–11) and Joseph Addison and Steele's Spectator (1711–12), which detail the rise of modern London and its new middle-class subjects, whose conspicuous consumption demanded the regulation of taste, deemed a crucial marker of modernity. This urban modernity is then reconfigured across the Atlantic in New York, specifically in Washington Irving's Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent (1802) and Salmagundi (1807–08), which anatomize the behaviors of New York's social elite. I then elucidate how a group of Black New York correspondents to Frederick Douglass' Paper (1852–55)—notably James McCune Smith, William J. Wilson, and Philip Bell—take up and repurpose such representations of urban modernity to define the taste of the city's Black urbanites and meet their intellectual, social, and political needs at mid-century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin infects a wide variety of insects, including the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Volatiles emitted from B. bassiana can act as semiochemical attractants or repellents, with most responses reported to date resulting in insects avoiding B. bassiana. Since insects can detect 'enemy-specific volatile compounds', we hypothesized the preference behavior of M. persicae would be influenced by volatile emissions from B. bassiana. We conducted Petri dish and Y-tube olfactometer bioassays to characterize the preference of M. persicae to B. bassiana strain GHA. During Petri dish bioassays, more apterous and alate M. persicae were recorded in the vicinity of agar colonized by B. bassiana compared to agar, or Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg and Ambrosiella grosmanniae Mayers, McNew, & Harrington as representatives of nonentomopathogenic fungi. Petri dish bioassays also determined that apterous and alate M. persicae preferred filter paper saturated with 1 × 107, 1 × 106, and 1 × 105 B. bassiana conidia/ml compared to Tween 80. Y-tube bioassays documented that more apterous and alate M. persicae oriented upwind to volatiles from B. bassiana mycelia compared to agar. Apterous and alate Myzus persicae were also preferentially attracted to 1 × 107 and 1 × 106 B. bassiana conidia/ml compared to Tween-80 during Y-tube bioassays. These results complement a previous finding that the mosquito Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) Liston is attracted to volatiles from B. bassiana. Future studies aimed at characterizing the olfactory mechanism leading to the attraction of M. persicae to B. bassiana could aid in optimizing lure-and-kill strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of dried urine spots (DUS) can simplify sample handling, shipment and storage when compared to liquid urine samples. To prepare DUS, a small amount of urine is pipetted on a filter paper card. The subsequent drying of the specimen can prevent the post-sampling formation or degradation of substances (e.g. caused by bacteria). To evaluate the potential of DUS screening, 17 authentic urine samples, containing a broad range of substances, were extracted and analyzed on a Sciex TripleTOF® 5600+ System using a non-targeted screening and library searching approach. The screening results were compared to the analysis of the same urine sample in liquid form, using the same high-resolution liquid chromatography--quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method. More than 65 different legal and illegal drugs were successfully identified within the investigated 17 urine samples using the DUS screening approach. When compared to the analysis of liquid urine, the following compounds could not be identified: 1x ecgonine methyl ester, 1x nicotine, 1x promazine and 1x 11-nor-9-carboxy-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Overall, 95.2% of the target substances that have been detected in liquid urine were identified correctly using the DUS approach. In conclusion, DUS screening offers a simple, cost-effective and easier sample handling alternative to the traditional use of liquid urine and provides the detection of the most important substances for forensic requirements. Furthermore, the DUS sample preparation can be fully automated (sample documentation, internal standard application and extraction). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of the broad disjunction between Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest on biodiversity has been the theme of several discussions in recent decades. Here, we evaluate the effects of dependence on humid environments and the role of historical factors on the level, distribution and structuring of genetic variation in widely distributed Neotropical insects. For such, we test whether climatically stable zones (i.e. refuges) in both Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest concentrate higher genetic diversity in the social paper wasps Angiopolybia pallens and Synoeca surinama. We found that historical events have avoided the interchange of A. pallens between both rainforests at least since the Early Pliocene and that ancient colonization in north-western Amazonia and the Bahia refuge significantly predicts genetic diversity in populations of this species. Conversely, the split between the Atlantic Forest and remaining western populations of S. surinama is more recent (Plio-Pleistocene); this species has considerably lower genetic diversity than A. pallens and such diversity is mostly concentrated in Amazonia and in the cerrado biome (savanna) than in the Atlantic Forest. Finally, we propose that the occurrence of species that exhibit such distribution patterns should be taken into consideration when establishing areas for conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary cardiovascular medicine is complex, dynamic, and interactive. Therefore, multidisciplinary dialogue between different specialists is required to deliver optimal and patient-centred care. This has led to the concept of explicit collaborations of different specialists caring for patients with complex cardiovascular diseases—that is 'heart teams'. These teams are particularly valuable to minimize referral bias and improve guideline adherence as so to be responsive to patient preferences, needs, and values but may be challenging to coordinate, especially in the acute setting. This position paper—jointly developed by four cardiovascular associations—is intended to provide conceptual and practical considerations for the composition, structure, and function of multidisciplinary teams. It focuses on patients with complex coronary artery diseases in both elective and urgent setting and provide guidance on how to implement the heart team both in chronic and in acute coronary syndromes patients, including cases with mechanical complications and haemodynamic instability; it also discusses strategies for clear and transparent patient communication and provision of a patient-centric approach. Finally, gaps in evidence and research perspectives in this context are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: A paper by Araújo et al. (2018) claims that a variety of compounds present in pyroligneous acid (guaiacol, phenols and furfural) are responsible for the observed antimicrobial activity. We show, on the other hand, that the low pH due to acetic acid present in pyroligneous acid is the real cause of the activity. Methods and Results: Pyroligneous acid (PA) was synthesized according to a previous method (Medeiros et al. 2019) with its inhibition activity tested on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus via the agar diffusion method. The activity of acetic acid at different concentrations was also evaluated for comparison. As expected, crude PA (pH 3.0) and acetic acid produced inhibition halos whose diameters varied according to their employed concentration. However, any PA inhibitory activity completely vanished upon neutralization (pH 7.0), a behaviour also observed for neutralized acetic acid. Conclusions: The claim that guaiacol, phenols and furfural are responsible for any inhibitory activity is unsubstantiated. The authors should have neutralized the pyroligneous acid if any activity was to be discovered. Significance and Impact of Study: To increase awareness that interfering species may play a detrimental role on the interpretation of results. In this case, the action of acetic acid is vastly more important for the inhibitory activity than any other compound present in PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nests of independent-founding primitively eusocial paper wasps are founded by one or a few females. Before worker emergence, foundresses must forage, sometimes leaving the nest unattended. Chemical defence - the application of ant repellent secretions of the Van der Vecht organ (VdVO) on the nest surface - allows brood protection when active defence is weak or not possible. After worker emergence, it is more likely that some wasps stay in the nest, so active nest defence may be more common. Given this constraint on the nest defence, selection for increasing the cuticular secretory area of the VdVO, to improve chemical defence, may be stronger in foundresses (queens) than in workers - morphological castes are hypothesized to evolve. We investigated the occurrence of morphological castes in the Neotropical paper wasp Mischocyttarus. Confirming our prediction, we found that in some (but not all) species, foundresses have a distinct increase in the secretory area of the VdVO in relation to workers; even though there is a strong overlap between caste phenotypes (incipient morphological castes). Implications of these findings for the evolution of morphological castes in primitively eusocial wasps are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper mulberry, a vigorous pioneer species used for ecological reclamation and a high-protein forage plant for economic development, has been widely planted in China. To further develop its potential value, it is necessary to explore the regulatory mechanism of nitrogen metabolism for rational nitrogen utilization. In this study, we investigated the morphology, physiology and transcriptome of a paper mulberry hybrid (Broussonetia kazinoki  ×  B. papyrifera) in response to different nitrogen concentrations. Moderate nitrogen promoted plant growth and biomass accumulation. Photosynthetic characteristics, concentration of nitrogenous compounds and activities of enzymes were stimulated under nitrogen treatment. However, these enhancements were slightly or severely inhibited under excessive nitrogen supply. Nitrite reductase and glutamate synthase were more sensitive than nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase and more likely to be inhibited under high nitrogen concentrations. Transcriptome analysis of the leaf transcriptome identified 161,961 unigenes. The differentially expressed genes associated with metabolism of nitrogen, alanine, aspartate, glutamate and glycerophospholipid showed high transcript abundances after nitrogen application, whereas those associated with glycerophospholipid, glycerolipid, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism were down-regulated. Combined with weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we uncovered 16 modules according to similarity in expression patterns. Asparagine synthetase and inorganic pyrophosphatase were considered two hub genes in two modules, which were associated with nitrogen metabolism and phosphorus metabolism, respectively. The expression characteristics of these genes may explain the regulation of morphological, physiological and other related metabolic strategies harmoniously. This multifaceted study provides valuable insights to further understand the mechanism of nitrogen metabolism and to guide utilization of paper mulberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a summary of the top 10 papers in heart failure and cardiomyopathies from the year 2023. The papers cover a range of topics, including the use of pulmonary artery pressure monitoring to improve heart failure treatment, a comparison of different diuretic medications, the effectiveness of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in treating acute heart failure, and the impact of natriuresis-guided diuretic therapy. Other studies explore the benefits of intensive care and follow-up for stabilized heart failure patients, the use of percutaneous tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for tricuspid regurgitation, and the implementation of a clinical decision-making tool to stratify heart failure patients based on risk. Additionally, the article discusses the effects of ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron deficiency and heart failure, the use of semaglutide in obese heart failure patients, and the updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure. [Extracted from the article]

Synthesis has become ubiquitous in ecology. Despite its widespread application to a broad range of research topics, it remains unclear how synthesis has affected the discipline. Using a case study of publications (n = 2304) from the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis compared with papers with similar keywords from the Web of Science (n = 320,000), we address several questions about the comparative impact of synthesis, the role of synthesis in driving key research themes, and whether synthesis is focused on different topics than is the broader ecological literature. We found much higher citation rates for synthesis papers overall (fivefold more) and within eleven key topic themes (e.g. species richness, biodiversity, climate change, global change). Synthesis papers often played key roles in driving, redirecting, or resolving core questions and exhibited much greater cross-theme connectivity. Together, these results indicate that synthesis in science has played a crucial role in accelerating and advancing ecological knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose UNC Medical Center converted to an electronic health record (EHR) in 2014. This conversion allowed for the transition of paper chemotherapy orders to be managed electronically. This article describes the process for converting inpatient paper chemotherapy orders into the new EHR in a safe and effective manner. Summary A collaborative interdisciplinary approach to the EHR transition enabled our organization to move from using paper chemotherapy orders to fully electronic chemotherapy treatment plans in both ambulatory and acute care areas. Active chemotherapy orders for acute care inpatients were reviewed and transcribed by two oncology pharmacists in the cancer hospital prior to being signed by an attending physician. The newly input orders were independently verified by two pharmacists in the cancer hospital inpatient pharmacy. Nurse review of the signed and verified treatment plans, along with reconciliation of the medication administration record ensured a safe transition to the new EHR workflow. Providers benefit from the ability to review treatment plans remotely, track changes, and include supportive medications in one consolidated location. The coordinated team effort allowed for a smooth transition with minimal interruptions to patient care. Conclusion The pharmacist-led, multidisciplinary conversion to electronic chemotherapy orders was safe, accurate, and occurred ahead of schedule for the EHR go-live. Advance communication and planning around scheduled inpatient admissions helped to minimize the impact of the transition from paper to electronic treatment plans. Both pharmacist and physician engagement were necessary to ensure a smooth transition for active inpatient treatment plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Medication errors are among the most common medical errors. They can result in mortality, morbidity and additional healthcare costs. Surveillance of medication errors is encouraged to identify gaps in the healthcare system and work on them. This study aimed to compare medication errors in outpatient prescriptions in two hospitals in Jordan: one with a paper‐based and one with an electronic prescription system. Methods: This was a cross‐sectional observational study in two large hospitals in Jordan over a three‐month period. Prescribing and dispensing of medicines were screened for medication errors in both centres: 2500 prescriptions were screened in each hospital. Key findings: In the hospital with electronic prescriptions, of the 2500 prescriptions screened, 631 medication errors were detected: 231 (36.6%) prescription errors and 400 (63.4%) dispensing errors. In the hospital with paper‐based prescriptions, 3714 medication errors were found: 288 (7.8%) prescription errors and 3426 (92.2%) dispensing errors. The most common prescription and dispensing errors in electronic prescriptions were, respectively, prescription of drugs that could have a drug–drug interaction, and omitting to dispense a drug on the prescription. In the paper prescriptions, the most common prescription and dispensing errors were, respectively, inappropriate dose/quantity/frequency or route of administration, and inappropriate and/or inadequate labelling of medication when dispensed, of which there were a large number (2496 (67.2%)). Conclusion: This study highlights the effect of the prescription system used by hospitals. Fewer medication errors were found in the electronic system. Healthcare policymakers, professionals and administrators are encouraged to invest in electronic systems to minimize medication errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the authors present their analysis of the characteristics of article submissions to the journal, including the number of foreign submissions and the topics tackled like social epidemiology, methodology or statistics, and psychiatric epidemiology.

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Management Bundle (SEP-1) measure has appropriately established sepsis as a national priority. However, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA and five additional endorsing societies) is concerned about SEP-1's potential to drive antibiotic overuse because it does not account for the high rate of sepsis overdiagnosis and encourages aggressive antibiotics for all patients with possible sepsis, regardless of the certainty of diagnosis or severity of illness. IDSA is also concerned that SEP-1's complex "time zero" definition is not evidence-based and is prone to inter-observer variation. In this position paper, IDSA outlines several recommendations aimed at reducing the risk of unintended consequences of SEP-1 while maintaining focus on its evidence-based elements. IDSA's core recommendation is to limit SEP-1 to septic shock, for which the evidence supporting the benefit of immediate antibiotics is greatest. Prompt empiric antibiotics are often appropriate for suspected sepsis without shock, but IDSA believes there is too much heterogeneity and difficulty defining this population, uncertainty about the presence of infection, and insufficient data on the necessity of immediate antibiotics to support a mandatory treatment standard for all patients in this category. IDSA believes guidance on managing possible sepsis without shock is more appropriate for guidelines that can delineate the strengths and limitations of supporting evidence and allow clinicians discretion in applying specific recommendations to individual patients. Removing sepsis without shock from SEP-1 will mitigate the risk of unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for noninfectious syndromes, simplify data abstraction, increase measure reliability, and focus attention on the population most likely to benefit from immediate empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of death and morbidity in both men and women. Sex, however, affects several aspects of IHD, including pathophysiology, incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis as well as treatment and outcome. Several diseases or risk factors frequently associated with IHD can modify cellular signalling cascades, thus affecting ischaemia/reperfusion injury as well as responses to cardioprotective interventions. Importantly, the prevalence and impact of risk factors and several comorbidities differ between males and females, and their effects on IHD development and prognosis might differ according to sex. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these differences are still poorly understood, and their identification might have important translational implications in the prediction or prevention of risk of IHD in men and women. Despite this, most experimental studies on IHD are still undertaken in animal models in the absence of risk factors and comorbidities, and assessment of potential sex-specific differences are largely missing. This ESC WG Position Paper will discuss: (i) the importance of sex as a biological variable in cardiovascular research, (ii) major biological mechanisms underlying sex-related differences relevant to IHD risk factors and comorbidities, (iii) prospects and pitfalls of preclinical models to investigate these associations, and finally (iv) will provide recommendations to guide future research. Although gender differences also affect IHD risk in the clinical setting, they will not be discussed in detail here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Austere Resuscitative and Surgical Care in Support of Forward Military Operations - Joint Trauma System Position Paper. [Extracted from the article]

Taking a cue from the reflections and contributions made by manuscript, archival and historical studies, this paper proposes a new approach to the methodology of digital facsimiles. It asks how we research the past in the age of digital facsimiles and what are our biggest challenges and opportunities. By broadening the definition of what digital facsimiles are and re-evaluating their relationship with databases seeing databases as primarily aggregations of digital facsimiles the paper argues that the key methodological challenge lies in acknowledging the narrative within them. This can only be achieved if we incorporate the existing humanities methodologies in any data-related pursuits. The article demonstrates how notions of objective thresholds in data aggregations are in reality failures to notice and acknowledge the inherent narratives within the digital facsimiles that constitute them. At the same time, while deeply connected, digital facsimiles have to be recognised as ontologically separate from their exemplars. This influences greatly the way we research the past and a failure to recognize both the inherent narrativity and the cognitive gap will always lead to questionable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue for a reconceptualization of undocumentedness, the experience of being undocumented, from an experience that is simply a result of the modern immigration regime to an experience that is a result of interlocking systems of oppression and resistance to them that has shaped Blackness and the vision for black liberation. I make this argument by defining and tracing the trope of the papers—the use of legal and extralegal documents to examine and document African Americans' and other people of African descent's relationship to the nation-state—in the slave narrative and the neo-slave narrative. I offer a close readings of slave narratives, including Sojourner Truth's The Narrative of Sojourner Truth (1850) and Harriet Jacobs' Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself , and neo-slave narratives, including Toni Morrison's A Mercy (2008) and Gayl Jones's Mosquito (1999), to illustrate the significance of the undocumented immigrant in African American literature and demonstrate that writers of African American literature have been thinking intensely about undocumentedness, although not in the way undocumentedness is typically understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The importance of a holistic approach with a comprehensive multidisciplinary team, including nutritional and psychosocial support, is becoming well recognised as a key contributor to optimal care in paediatric infammatory bowel disease [IBD]. The Paediatric committee of ECCO [P-ECCO] aimed to determine important components that would contribute to quality of care in a paediatric IBD centre [henceforth 'quality items']. Methods: First, a list of items has been generated by a Delphi group of 111 international paediatric IBD experts. Through an iterative process, the group graded and ranked the items according to their perceived relative contribution to quality care. We then surveyed 101 paediatric IBD centres affliated with the Porto and Interest groups of ESPGHAN in Europe and with the ImproveCareNow registry in North America, exploring the availability of the retained items in their centres. Results: A total of 68 items were generated and reduced to a list of 60 ranked order items, grouped in six domains: Facility, Personnel, Management, Supportive Services, Patient Support and Accessibility, and Academia and Communications. Of the retained items, 52 [88%] were present in most of the 101 high-performing paediatric IBD centres, and there was a trend for increased availability with increased patient volume at the centres. Conclusion: In this P-ECCO study, we attempted to tabulate, for the frst time in paediatrics, 60 quality items that paediatric IBD referral centres may wish to include. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]