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The emerging debate on transnational populism has thus far mainly focused on cases, which have remained relatively inconsequential due to the weak institutionalisation of the political transnationalism arena. By bringing in a better-structured arena of migrant transnationalism, this paper introduces populist political parties mobilising transnational migrants to the debate and explores the resulting phenomenon of homeland populism. The paper investigates three populist parties that operate transnationally – Ecuadorian APAIS in Spain, Turkish AKP in Germany and Estonian EKRE in Finland. The analysis demonstrates that the phenomenon of homeland populism shares several distinct features despite the ideological, geographic, cultural and migratory differences between the three cases. The cases also sport differences: while the construction of 'the people' depends on migratory context, the construction of 'the antagonist' is more related to the ideational variations of populism. The study also suggests that the key target group of homeland populism are economic migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effectively utilizing low-grade thermal energy is a promising approach to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions while reducing the burden on centralized power grids. Current thermoacoustic heat pumps and power generators face challenges such as high onset temperature differentials and low performance. This paper addresses these challenges by introducing a gas-liquid resonator into a thermoacoustic combined heat and power systems to recover low-grade thermal energy in residential buildings. Through Sage modeling and calculations, the internal characteristics of the proposed system and its output performance under different operating conditions are explored. At a heating temperature of 350 °C, the system can generate 6.4 kW of output thermal power, 0.9 kW of electricity, and overall exergy efficiency is 79.3 %. Combining neural network models with case studies conducted in Spain and Finland, the system can annually save 5.6 MWh and 20.7 MWh in fuel energy, reduce emissions of 1374 kg and 5180 kg of carbon dioxide, and save a total cost of €611 and €2324, respectively. Furthermore, comparisons with other emerging micro-CHP systems highlight the efficiency of the proposed system. These results indicate the high potential of thermoacoustic combined heat and power systems in recovering low-grade thermal energy and achieving energy savings and emission reductions. • Introducing an innovative thermoacoustic micro-CHP system. • Achieving an exergy efficiency of 79.3 % under standard operating conditions. • One system can annually reduce household CO 2 emissions by 5180 kg. • Ideal for households, balancing lower output levels for both heat and electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since March 2020, the Corona virus has transformed the way that academic libraries have carried out their functions. The European situation deteriorated especially throughout the Mediterranean region. In contrast, in the initial wave of the virus in spring 2020, some Nordic countries like Finland, seemed to manage the situation in a more structured manner. The second wave, during the fall and winter 2020, was managed with the knowledge gathered during the first wave. We will be describing both the Corona situation and actions at the national levels in Finland and Spain as well as between the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Library (Spain) and the University of Eastern Finland Library (Finland). The aims of our paper and presentation will be: 1. to give an overview of the Corona situation and policy measures at the national level in both countries and 2. to identify the best practices in both academic libraries. The results also reveal how the crisis management protocols initiated in these institutions coped with the pandemic. Finally, recommendations are made with respect to the further development for crisis management in academic libraries in a rapidly changing operational environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In government, industry and academia, there is a convergence of three trends: (1) the belief that responsible exploration and mining should increase across Europe, (2) industry should follow and 'Europeanise' international good practices and (3) a social licence to operate exists not only between a community and a company but also between society and industry. There are two examples in Europe where these trends are converging—Finland and Spain have both adopted the Canadian Toward Sustainable Mining (TSM) program, but the method of implementation is very different. As a result of Talvivaara, Finland took a network governance approach incorporating trust-building measures from the beginning by bringing diverse stakeholders together to create the Finnish Network for Sustainable Mining. Spain chose to integrate the TSM into their national standards, a more traditional and hierarchical approach but one that also relies on a trustworthy entity with clear longevity. Although implementation is in the early stages in both countries, and therefore this paper provides insights only on preliminary outcomes, results indicate that the network approach may not be better at achieving societal SLO suggesting that other factors such as narrative, dialoguing directly with society, implementing trust-building measures in a timely fashion and proven longevity may have more influence than early trust-building measures between network participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linking pensions to longevity developments at retirement age has been one of the most common policy responses of pension schemes to aging populations. The introduction of automatic stabilizers is primarily motivated by cost containment objectives, but there are other dimensions of welfare restructuring in the politics of pension reforms, including recalibration, rationalization, and blame avoidance for unpopular policies that involve retrenchments. This paper examines the policy designs and implications of linking entry pensions to life expectancy developments through sustainability factors or life expectancy coefficients in Finland, Portugal, and Spain. To address conceptual and specification uncertainty in policymaking, we propose and apply a Bayesian model averaging approach to stochastic mortality modeling and life expectancy computation. The results show that: (i) sustainability factors will generate substantial pension entitlement reductions in the three countries analyzed; (ii) the magnitude of the pension losses depends on the factor design; (iii) to offset pension cuts and safeguard pension adequacy, individuals will have to prolong their working lives significantly; (iv) factor designs considering cohort longevity markers would have generated higher pension cuts in countries with increasing life expectancy gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the reasons of the low academic performance of students in Spain, authorities must consider emotional dimensions, such as well-being, which directly affect their learning achievement. Furthermore, it would be interesting to compare Spanish students with students from Finland, which stand out in international rankings. We analyze how to promote students' well-being in Spain as a mechanism to enhance their academic achievement. Using data from PISA 2018, four indicators are used to measure well-being according to variables describing the students' context. By means of econometric techniques, interval multiobjective linear programming problems are formulated for Spain and Finland and solved through a new methodological scheme proposed in this paper, assuring the generation of possibly and necessarily efficient solutions in interval multiobjective linear programming. The purpose is to determine which aspects would allow the best possible well-being to be reached. We found several differences between the students achieving optimal compromise levels in each country, and we analyzed how the improvement of one indicator might affect the remaining aspects of well-being. Spanish students can further enhance their well-being compared to Finnish students. Furthermore, the lowest improvement rate is associated with the bullying index, especially in Finland, highlighting the need to promote anti-bullying measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]