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The purpose of this paper is to retrieve and study the highly cited papers as well as the correlation between the citation frequency and the download frequency of the 20 traditional Chinese medicine journals in China, in order to provide the guidance for improving the influence and academic quality of these journals. Bibliometric analyses were conducted on 1103 papers of 20 traditional Chinese medicine journals from 2011 to 2020 by retrieving for the China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database (CAJD) in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the correlation between the citation frequency and the download frequency via conducting regression fitting and establishing the mathematical models. The results showed that the total citations of the 1103 papers were 93051 times and the average citations were 84.36 times per paper. The total downloads of the 1103 papers were 2058442 times, and the average downloads were 1866.22 times per paper. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica ranked first according to the number of papers, total citations and total downloads. The citations of Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials ranked first based on the number of citations per paper. One of Li's paper had been cited the most (983 times). There were 629 (57.03%) papers whose first author was from universities. The scopes of the first authors were distributed in 29 regions and 2 special administrative regions (Macao, Hong Kong) in China. The authors from Beijing published 283 (25.66%) papers, ranking number one. The number of papers supported by funds was 882 (79.96%). The research results of correlation showed that the citation frequency and the download frequency of the highly cited papers had a highly positive correlation from both journal and paper level for whether the sample data of journals was normally distributed or nonnormally distributed. The correlation coefficients of the 20 journals at journal level and that at paper level were 0.9765 and 0.6677, respectively. The correlation was better at journal level than that at paper level, while the optimal regression fitting was all cubic polynomial. Among the 1103 papers, there were 684 (62.01%) research papers and 419 (37.99%) review papers. The main citation period of the top 15 papers was from the 2nd year to the 6th year after publication, accounting for 78.39%. Papers on clinical therapeutics research, papers on the pharmacological effects and its mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, and papers on traditional Chinese medicine and natural medicine were the main source of the highly cited papers of the traditional Chinese medicine journals. Editors of the journals should focus on the above-mentioned research areas to select manuscripts for exploiting the excellent sources extensively, while paying attention to review papers, focusing on national major or key projects, paying attention to network spreading, stabilizing authors with quality services, in order to improve the influence and the academic quality of journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the stability of the volume preserving mean curvature flow of closed hypersurfaces in the hyperbolic space. We prove that an L 2 -almost umbilical hypersurface will be deformed to a totally umbilical hypersurface along the flow. Our result removes the assumption on the mean curvature in the theorems of Huang-Lin-Zhang [Peking J. Math. (2023)] and Leng-Xu-Zhao [Int. J. Math. (2014)]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of deep learning in time-series prediction has developed gradually. In this paper, we propose a deep generative network model for feature extraction of multivariate time series, namely, mutual information variational autoencoders (MI-VAE). In the architecture of the proposed model, we use the latent space of VAE for feature learning, which can extract the essential features of multivariate time-series data effectively. The latent space employed directly as a feature extractor can avoid poor interpretability of model. In addition, we introduce a mutual information term into the loss function, which improves the expression capability and accuracy of model. The proposed model, combining the merits of VAE and mutual information, extracts features for multivariate time-series data from a new perspective. The Lorenz system and Beijing air quality time series are used to test performance of the proposed model and comparative models. Results show that the proposed model is superior to other similar models in terms of accuracy and expression capability of latent space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In rail transit systems, improving transportation efficiency has become a research hotspot. In recent years, a new method of train control system based on virtual coupling has attracted the attention of many scholars. Virtual coupled train is a typical nonlinear system. How to control the nonlinear system with high precision is the key to realize the safe and efficient operation of virtual coupled train. Therefore, this paper proposes a virtual coupling scheme based on local leader–follower method. On this basis, the controller based on artificial potential field with variable parameter mixed is applied to carry out the collaborative and anti-collision control for the virtual coupled train system with nonlinear dynamics. Finally, a section of the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway is taken as the background to verify the effectiveness of artificial potential field with variable parameter mixed controller. The results show that the variable parameter artificial potential field controller with changing the weight can reduce the average error of the stop by 0.4304 m compared with the traditional controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a coupling relationship between the development of urban transportation and cities: Urban growth leads to increase in the demand for urban transportation and consequently, a lot of transportation emissions. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the mechanism behind the driving effect of urban development on transportation emissions is a crucial prerequisite for coordinated development of low-carbon urban transportation and cities. Based on the oil product allocation method, this paper estimates the transportation emission in Beijing from 1995 to 2016. Then based on the understanding of the driving mechanism, this paper applies the urban allometric scaling law to analyze the relationship between city size and transportation emission. Finally, the driving mechanism is analyzed using the STRIPAT model. The results reveal a superlinear relationship between transportation emission in Beijing and the expansion of the city, as the former outgrew the latter. Population size, urbanization, economic size, industrial structure, spatial scale and infrastructure construction are positive driving factors of transportation emission, whereas progress of energy technologies as a negative driving factor can restrain the growth of transportation emission. Urbanization has the most significant impact on urban transportation emission, and economic size contributes the most to the growth of transportation emission. Based on the results, we make a few policy recommendations for low-carbon urban transportation of Beijing, which include: improving transportation efficiency in the process of urbanization; promoting energy conservation and emission reduction while pursuing economic development so as to decouple transportation emission from urban development; restricting unordered urban expansion and updating the concept of transportation infrastructure supply; and developing energy technologies to improve energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To exactly study the riding comfort of passengers in urban rail transit trains, a coupling vibration model, including passengers, train, and bridge is proposed in this paper. According to the Lagrange Equation, the differential equations of motion of each part are derived, which are coupled with each other through displacement and dynamic interaction forces. A corresponding calculation program is compiled by the Fortran language. A representative steel-concrete composite girder bridge on Beijing Metro Line 5 is selected as the research background, the dynamic responses of passengers and train are simulated in detail, and the dynamic response differences between the passenger and carriage are compared. The passengers' riding comfort is evaluated according to ISO-2631 Standard based on the simulated data. The result shows that passengers in the middle carriages of the train feel better than those in the head and tail ones. While in the same carriage, passengers on the middle seats feel better than those on both ends of it. If only vibration is considered, passengers will feel better in a fully loaded carriage than those with few passengers. The riding comfort of passengers will be gradually reduced with the increase of the train speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robustness studies on integrated urban public transport networks have attracted growing attention in recent years due to the significant influence on the overall performance of urban transport system. In this paper, topological properties and robustness of a bus–subway coupled network in Beijing, composed of both bus and subway networks as well as their interactions, are analyzed. Three new models depicting cascading failure processes on the coupled network are proposed based on an existing binary influence modeling approach. Simulation results show that the proposed models are more accurate than the existing method in reflecting actual passenger flow redistribution in the cascading failure process. Moreover, the traffic load influence between nodes also plays a vital role in the robustness of the network. The proposed models and derived results can be utilized to improve the robustness of integrated urban public transport systems in traffic planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Beijing road transportation network (BRTN), as a large-scale technological network, exhibits very complex and complicate features during daily periods. And it has been widely highlighted that how statistical characteristics (i.e. average path length and global network efficiency) change while the network evolves. In this paper, by using different modeling concepts, three kinds of network models of BRTN namely the abstract network model, the static network model with road mileage as weights and the dynamic network model with travel time as weights - are constructed, respectively, according to the topological data and the real detected flow data. The degree distribution of the three kinds of network models are analyzed, which proves that the urban road infrastructure network and the dynamic network behavior like scale-free networks. By analyzing and comparing the important statistical characteristics of three models under random attacks and intentional attacks, it shows that the urban road infrastructure network and the dynamic network of BRTN are both robust and vulnerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the grey-based models with fractional accumulation have received extensive attention by scholars and have been widely used in various fields. However, the existing rough construction of the background value in the fractional grey model impairs its predictive performance to some extent. To address this problem, this paper reconstructs a dynamic background value for the fractional grey model by the composite integral median theorem, as a result, a novel fractional grey model-based variable background value (denoted as OFAGM(1,1) for short) is proposed. In particular, the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) is then employed to determine the optimum for the fractional order and the background value coefficients. Based on electricity consumption of two regions of China (i.e. Beijing, Inner Mongolia), the superiority of the proposed model has been verified in comparison with other benchmark models, the electricity consumption of Beijing is predicted to reach 1 3 8 5. 3 5 × 1 0 8 Kwh in 2022 and that of Inner Mongolia will reach 5 0 6 3. 3 9 × 1 0 8 Kwh in 2023. This study also takes the relative growth rate and the doubling time into account for these two regions that facilities comparison of the regions' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, waste sorting has been tested in eight pilot cities for more than a decade. However, these pilot programs have shown little success. Given that waste sorting is a prerequisite for waste recycling, more attention and financial resources must be provided. Considering that among the entire population undergraduate students might be the most active and willing to engage in recycling, in this paper, the waste-sorting intention and behavior of undergraduate students in Beijing are investigated in depth. By adopting a model that comprehensively incorporates the expanded Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Attitude–Behavior–Condition (A–B–C) theory, a questionnaire survey with data from 536 undergraduate students at eight universities in Beijing is analyzed by employing logistic and probit models. The estimation results indicate that the most important factors that affect students' waste-sorting intention and behavior include the attitudes of the surrounding people, a moral sense when failing to sort waste, and knowledge based on the students' subjective judgments. In comparison, situational factors have less impact on the dependent variables; however, some demographic factors may influence intention or actual behavior significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to predict more accurately the structural vibration and noise of elevated tracks induced by moving trains, a new prediction method based on the scaled model test is proposed in this paper. A 32-m simply supported box girder bridge used in the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway is selected as the prototype for designing and constructing a scaled model test with 10:1 geometric similarity ratio. Both experimental tests and finite element analyses were carried out to verify the similarity relationship between the model and prototype. The test result shows that the scaled model can predict the structural vibration and noise of the prototype, as long as the similarity constants between the prototype and scaled model are correctively determined. Furthermore, a standard finite element analysis model for the scaled model is built. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the model parameters for finite element analysis are updated by minimizing the errors between the measured and calculated modes. The computational results show that the updated model based on the local parameters partitioning works best, and the precision of the modal frequency calculated is noticeably improved after updating, with the average relative error reduced from 5.46% to 3.09%, and the difference of the peak values reduced from 0. 3 5 8 × 1 0 3 m/s2 to 0. 1 8 9 × 1 0 3 m/s2. The calculated dynamic response of the finite element model after updating is basically in line with experimental results, indicating that the updated model can better reflect the dynamic properties of the scaled box girder model. The updated finite element model is useful both for verification with the model test result and for reliable prediction of the dynamic characteristics of the prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic congestion is now nearly ubiquitous in many urban areas. The improvement of road infrastructure is an effective way to ease traffic congestion, especially the key road links. So, it is a fundamental and important step to identify the key link for improving transportation efficiency. However, most approaches in the current literature use simulated data and need many assumption conditions. The result shows the low comprehensibility and the bad exactitude. This paper provides a new identification method of key links for urban road traffic network (URTN) based on temporal-spatial distribution of traffic congestion. The method involves identifying congestion state, computing time distribution of congestion state and determining key road link. By the cluster analysis of the history field data of URTN, the threshold to determine the traffic congestion of each link can be obtained. Then the time-interval of the traffic congestion can be computed by median filtering. At last, the time-interval coverage is defined and used to determine the target road link whether it is a key road link or not. The method is validated by a real-world case (Beijing road traffic network, BRTN). The result shows the feasibility and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flower plants have become a major difficulty in virtual plant research because of their rich external morphological structure and complex physiological processes. Computer vision simulation provides powerful tools for exploring powerful biological systems and operating laws. In this paper, Chrysanthemum and Chinese rose, double flowers as the symbolic flowers of Beijing, are chosen as the study subject. On the basis of maximizing the protection of flower growth structure, an effective method based on laser scanning for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and visual simulation of flower plants is proposed. This method uses laser technology to scan the sample and store it as point cloud data. After applying a series of image analysis and processing techniques such as splicing, denoising, repairing and color correction, the digital data optimized by the sample is obtained accurately and efficiently, and a highly realistic 3D simulation model of the plant is formed. The results of the research indicate that it is a convenient research method for the 3D reconstruction of flower plants and computer vision simulation of virtual plants. It also provides an effective way for in-depth study of scientific experiments and digital protection of rare and endangered plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the lack of data quality in real production environment, the traditional line loss calculation method cannot be applied, thus through the investigation of various information systems' operation in power supply enterprises, a short-term low-voltage distribution network line loss prediction algorithm based on Kmeans-LightGBM is proposed. Operating data quality evaluation system of low-voltage distribution network was set up based on Hadoop platform, the feature dimensions were expanded by feature engineering, then those with no multicollinearity and high correlation with the line loss were selected, data normalization was again performed, Kmeans clustering algorithm was used to cluster the area and then, LightGBM algorithm was used to predict the classes within the area of line loss. Finally, the line loss of the numerical inverse normalization was found and validated with Beijing Power Grid of a low-voltage distribution network. By comparison, the model's prediction accuracy is found to be higher than BPNN, FOA-SVR and traditional LightGBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environment model is an important component of an artificial society. To level up the resolution of residence-building environment models in artificial Beijing, we divide residential buildings in Beijing into two categories, which are noncommunity residential buildings and community residential buildings, and statistically analyze the numbers of floors and areas of the real residential buildings. In this paper, we have exhibited the distribution of numbers of floors in noncommunity residential buildings and community residential buildings. Furthermore, we analyze the distribution of areas of noncommunity residential buildings and residence-use proportions of community zones by Nonlinear Regression. Results indicate that areas of noncommunity residential buildings in Beijing obey the log-normal distribution and residence-use proportions of community zones obey normal distribution. According to the statistical models, the virtual residential buildings in artificial Beijing can be endowed with rational attribute values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs an overlapping-generations (OLG) model with altruistic motive and lifetime uncertainty to investigate the urban public pension system in China. Focusing on the case of Beijing, we examine the effects of the individual contribution rate, firm contribution rate, life expectancy and population growth rate on the capital-labor ratio, savings, per capita consumption and pension benefits. By controlling the firm contribution rate to adjust the capital-labor ratio of the market economy to the modified golden rule level, we find the optimal firm contribution rate. We also discuss the optimal firm contribution rate in Beijing under three cases: risen life expectancy, fallen population growth rate and the joint case of risen life expectancy and fallen population growth rate, and estimate the optimal firm contribution rate in 2020s. Integrating the established effects and the current economic goals, it is concluded that it will do more good than harm to strictly implement Beijing municipal population policy, improve the living and medical conditions, reduce the firm contribution rate, and raise the individual contribution rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease worthy of attention. Considering the incubation period, psychological inhibition factor, vaccine, limited medical resources and horizontal transmission, an SIRS model is proposed to describe hepatitis B transmission dynamics. In order to describe the behavior changes caused by people's psychological changes, the non-monotonic incidence rate is adopted in the model. We use the saturated treatment rate to describe the limited medical resources. Mathematical analysis shows the existence conditions of the equilibria, forward or backward bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation and the Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation. During the observation of the case data of hepatitis B in China, it is found that there are mainly three features, periodic outbreaks, aperiodic outbreaks, and periodic outbreaks turns to aperiodic outbreaks. According to the above features, we select three different representative regions, Jiangxi, Zhejiang province and Beijing, and then use our model to fit the actual monthly hepatitis B case data. The basic reproduction numbers that we estimated are 1.7712, 1.4805 and 1.4132, respectively. The results of data fitting are consistent with those of theoretical analysis. According to the sensitivity analysis of ℛ 0 , we conclude that reducing contact, increasing treatment rate, strengthening vaccination and revaccinating can effectively prevent and control the prevalence of hepatitis B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is based on five conversations between Prof. C. N. Yang and others in Beijing in 1986. In the conversations, Yang gave his views on the state and development of physics at that time, and the relationship between physics and philosophy. The conversations also contain Yang's reminiscences on the creation of Yang-Mills theory and his advice to young people, especially those in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Beijing has been more often confronted with serious haze pollution, especially in autumn and winter. The People's Government of Beijing Municipality has adopted a package of measures to control the haze pollution with its best efforts. To objectively evaluate how effective these haze pollution control measures are from different perspectives and in an all-round way, it is necessary to adopt a scientific and reasonable approach. Based on the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) idea, we establish a system of indexes to evaluate the government performance of Beijing in haze pollution control from the four perspectives of development quality, public services, government management and development potential, and use a combination of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM) to determine the index weights, and objectively evaluate Beijing's performance in haze pollution control from 2010 to 2016. The results show that the scores for the four perspectives are all on the rise, and since the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan in 2013, the government's haze pollution control measures have achieved significant results, and made a much higher overall score. On that basis, we propose the optimized path for Beijing's haze pollution control, namely, accelerating the upgrading of development quality, improving the public services level, strengthening the government management, tapping the development potential of haze pollution control and increasing the linkage and cooperation between the governments of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stability of urban subway systems is a crucial issue in daily operation. This paper proposes a node failing process to test the stability of subway network by structure-based and flow-based node evaluation indicators. Furthermore, three network evaluation indicators are used to measure the network performance. The average transfer number of times (ATT) that is strongly associated with network structure and passenger flow will be discussed specifically. The results show that removing nodes with large inbound passenger flow cannot effectively damage the subway network structure, but it can result in significant increment of the ATT in the whole network. Another finding is that the ATT is smaller in peak hours compared with off-peak hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The underground utility tunnels accommodate various types of urban lifelines, which are of great significance for improving the living standards of the citizens. With the rapid development of underground utility tunnels, the large-scale underground utility tunnel systems are gradually becoming the operational lifeblood of China's large cities. Currently, most of the underground utility tunnels' risks are estimated and analyzed from a static perspective, and the analysis results are one-sided. This study proposes a dynamic risk evaluation framework. A risk assessment and sensitivity analysis framework based on Bayesian network is established in this study. Combined with the groundwater and electric tunnel risk accident case study, the operation and maintenance data of Beijing Future Science and Technology City from 2010 to 2018 are collected for learning to obtain the conditional probability of the Bayesian network node by using the K2 algorithm. The overall evolution process from the beginning to the end of groundwater tunnel accidents is clearly described and displayed. Through sensitivity analysis and critical path analysis, the critical points of an accident and the probabilities of risk occurrence are identified and predicted. This proposed framework could facilitate the underground utility tunnel management for controlling risk resources, mitigating risk damage and reducing risk losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: With data drawn from Beijing's New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRCMS), the rule characteristics of disease risks are mined in terms of risk factors and risk measurements aiming to discover valuable knowledge within the vast amounts of Beijing's NRCMS data and provide administrators with a more scientific basis for decision making. Methodology:The association rule algorithm is utilized to recover both potentially valuable knowledge and decision-making information from Beijing's NRCMS data. Results: The main objects of healthcare in Beijing from 2012 to 2014 include: circulatory diseases in patients 41 years of age or older, pediatric respiratory disease prevention, reproductive healthcare for women of childbearing age, and the prevention and treatment of diabetes in female patients; in county-level hospitals with a relatively low average level of consumption, injuries still resulted in high expenses; the primary post-NRCMS reimbursement level-3 and level-4 high-risk groups were patients of 41-65 years of age. Conclusion: According to the ranking of rule supports, the highest support rule in Beijing is the circulatory diseases of middle-aged patients, especially patients that are hospitalized in county-level medical institutions; the second highest support comes from the utilization of fertility services for women of childbearing age. Suggestions: It is recommended that the rule support rankings should be combined to actively and implement with emphasis major prevention and healthcare services, lower disease risk factors, control NRCMS reimbursement costs, promote the sustainable development of NRCMS, adopt a classified management of mined rules, and establish a decision-making knowledge base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic state evaluation is a basic and critical work in the research on road traffic congestion. It can provide basic data support for the improvement measures and information release in traffic management and service. The aim of this research is to obtain a comprehensive value to describe traffic state accurately based on the evaluation index system. In this paper, it is carried out using fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm and fuzzy entropy weight method. In the framework, traffic flow was classified into six different states to determine the fuzzy range of indices using the improved FCM clustering analysis. Besides, fuzzy entropy weight method is proposed to compute the evaluation result of traffic state for section, road and road network, respectively. The experiments based on the traffic information in a subset of Beijing's road network prove that the findings of traffic evaluation are in accordance with the actual situation and people's sense of traffic state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explore the subtle temporal structure of environmental data using symbolic information-theory approach. The newly developed multivariate multiscale permutation entropy and complexity-entropy causality plane methodology are applied to the six pollutants data recorded in Beijing during 2013–2016, which is a powerful tool to discriminate nonlinear deterministic and stochastic dynamics. The obtained results showed that pollutant series exhibit significant randomness and a lower level of predictability in spring and summer, and more temporal correlations in winter and fall. In addition, surrogate analysis is implemented to avoid biased conclusion. We also define the relative complexity measure of multivariate series to reflect the complexity of a system. The highest relative complexity in winter is in line with the physical behavior of the pollution phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban region functions are the types of potential activities in an urban region, such as residence, commerce, transportation, entertainment, etc. A service which mines urban region functions is of great value for various applications, including urban planning and transportation management, etc. Many studies have been carried out to dig out different regions' functions, but few studies are based on social media text analysis. Considering that the semantic information embedded in social media texts is very useful to infer an urban region's main functions, we design a service which extracts human activities using Sina Weibo (www.weibo.com ; the largest microblog system in Chinese, similar to Twitter) with location information and further describes a region's main functions with a function vector based on the human activities. First, we predefine a variety of human activities to get the related activities corresponding to each Weibo post using an urban function classification model. Second, urban regions' function vectors are generated, with which we can easily do some high-level work such as similar place recommendation. At last, with the function vectors generated, we develop a Web application for urban region function querying. We also conduct a case study among the urban regions in Beijing, and the experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of our method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial heterogeneity of land use patterns and residents' corresponding economic activities give rise to urban mobility's latent structure, which is of great importance for urban planning and transport infrastructure investment but cannot be readily captured using conventional data sources. We developed a methodological framework for detecting urban mobility structure at the transportation analysis zone (TAZ) level in Beijing using mobile phone signal data. First, we derived origin–destination data at the TAZ level from mobile phone data and visualized them in ArcGIS. Next, we improved community detecting algorithms generally used in social networks by reversing distance weight, such as by dividing ODs by 1, and used the results to reveal hidden clustering features of TAZs, according ODs between them. We visualized and analyzed population density, OD spatial distribution at different times, and ratio of daytime to nighttime population using the GIS platform; all showed some spatial cluster features. We then applied a structure detection algorithm using ODs between TAZ pairs to identify the hidden structure of urban mobility extracted from phone data. For Beijing, the identified mobility structure contains 27 clusters, with those in suburban areas tending to match administrative boundaries well but those in the developed center areas showing complex distributions and matching administrative boundaries poorly. Authorities that provide mobility infrastructure can use the resulting insights into urban planning and transportation planning to inform policy decisions at the local and city levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few observers notice that Beijing and Taipei espouse virtually identical policies vis-à-vis the South China Sea. When they do they see it as ironic, the two being mutually hostile. There are good reasons for this: Taipei's claims bolster Beijing's. They arguably support one-China. Taiwan's military leaders see their position alone as unenforceable. Taiwan's government and residents resent the UN's demeaning attitude and exclusion of Taiwan from involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chronic traffic congestion undermines the level of satisfaction within a society. This study proposes a departure time model for estimating the temporal distribution of morning rush-hour traffic congestion over urban road networks. The departure time model is developed based on the point queue model that is used for estimating travel time. First, we prove the effectiveness of the travel time model (i.e. point queue), showing that it gives the same travel time estimation as the kinematic wave model does for a road with successive bottlenecks. Then, a variant of the bottleneck model is developed accordingly, aiming to capture travelers' departure time choice for commute trips. The proposed departure time model relaxes a traditional assumption that the last commuter experiences the free flow travel time and considers travelers' unwillingness of late arrivals for work. Numerical experiments show that the morning rush-hour generally starts at 7:29 am and ends at 8:46 am with a traffic congestion delay index (TCDI) of 2.164 for Beijing, China. Furthermore, the estimation of rush-hour start and end time is insensitive to most model parameters including the proportion of travelers who tend to arrive at work earlier than their schedules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex network response to node loss is a central question in different fields of science ranging from physics, sociology, biology to ecology. Previous studies considered binary networks where the weight of the links is not accounted for. However, in real-world networks the weights of connections can be widely different. Here, we analyzed the response of real-world road traffic complex network of Beijing, the most prosperous city in China. We produced nodes removal attack simulations using classic binary node features and we introduced weighted ranks for node importance. We measured the network functioning during nodes removal with three different parameters: the size of the largest connected cluster (LCC), the binary network efficiency (Bin EFF) and the weighted network efficiency (Weg EFF). We find that removing nodes according to weighted rank, i.e. considering the weight of the links as a number of taxi flows along the roads, produced in general the highest damage in the system. Our results show that: (i) in order to model Beijing road complex networks response to nodes (intersections) failure, it is necessary to consider the weight of the links; (ii) to discover the best attack strategy, it is important to use nodes rank accounting links weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]