1,284 results
Search Results
2. (In)Justice and Morality. A commentary on Christoph Horn’s Paper
- Author
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Alessandro Pinzani
- Subjects
justice ,morality ,injustice ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 ,Ethics ,BJ1-1725 - Abstract
The paper is a commentary on Christoph Horn’s paper The Concept of Justice. It criticizes Horn’s claim that justice is overrated in contemporary philosophical debate by discussing Horn’s arguments. In doing so, it questions (1) the idea that we can easily distinguish between morally central and peripheral questions, as Horn claims; it points out (2) that this distinction is based on the values held by those who are drawing it; and finally (3) it stresses the centrality of the feeling of outrage provoked by the action whose acceptability is being challenged. Finally, it claims that morality arises from the experience of injustice and, therefore, that questions of justice are not only morally central; they are, rather, essential to morality.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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3. Collect model to the paper’ reverse channel in an brazilian federal university based in theory of graphs
- Author
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Francisco Firmino da Silva Neto and Breno Barros Telles do Carmo
- Subjects
Logística reversa. Papel. Universidade. Teoria dos grafos. ,Technology ,Technology (General) ,T1-995 ,Industrial engineering. Management engineering ,T55.4-60.8 - Abstract
The universities must develop models to reduce, reutilize and recycle the material used in their activity, in order to minimize the impact to environment. The paper is a residue is this type of organization and can be used at the recycling process, but is necessary the existence of the reverse logistics channels to collect this material. This paper aims the proposition of a model to collect the paper generated inside the campus of a federal university of Brazil based on the Graph Theory. An exploratory research was done to get an estimation of the quantity of material generated. After this, a model was proposed to define a route to material collection based in collect points, minimizing the time waste in this process. The model is efficient and reduced thirty percent the time of the collect process. This model can be used to other universities.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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4. Environmental performance assessment: a case study in the paper industry
- Author
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Paula Antonov and Miguel Afonso Sellitto
- Subjects
medição de desempenho ambiental, modelagem de desempenho ambiental, gestão ambiental, certificação ambiental, método SBP ,Technology ,Technology (General) ,T1-995 ,Industrial engineering. Management engineering ,T55.4-60.8 - Abstract
The inherent complexity of environmental performance measurement makes it difficult to be gauged, sending it forth to methodologies supported on assessments of the various factors that could influence the overall performance. In association with the environmental performance lies the need to create methods that allows the assessment over the time in order to facilitate comparisons amongst different organizations or operations of a same company. Measurement of environmental performance comes from several sources thus a dominant approach widely recognized and accepted by the academic community and organizations can not be singled out. The purpose of this review is to test a method for assessing environmental performance in a manufacturer organization, performing a case study in the paper industry. The results can be compared with other operations and can be used, cumulatively, in supply chains. The specific objectives are (i) to model the environmental performance of the transaction, (ii) to use the model to measure performance, and (iii) to interpret the results and come to a conclusion. It begins with a review of the environmental performance measurement and then proceeds to the description of the research methodology and the results of its application. The method consists of five constructs, assessed by managers and processes experts according to their potential of environmental performance's improvement: solid waste, wastewater, gas emissions, deployment of natural resources, and legal compliance. The constructs are perceived by qualitative indicators categorically evaluated. The final result is an index of 76.69%, which represents the environmental performance of the operation.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Anthropometric indicators of abdominal obesity: review of the papers indexed on SciELO electronic library
- Author
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Claudio Barnabé dos Santos Cavalcanti, Sineide Cristina Barbosa do Egito Carvalho, and Mauro Virgilio Gomes de Barros
- Subjects
Antropometria ,Obesidade ,Relação cintura-quadril ,Anthropometry ,Obesity ,Waist-hip ratio ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
A systematic review of original articles published between 1993 and 2007 and indexed in SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) was carried out to identify the anthropometric indicators used to assess abdominal obesity in different target subgroups, and to provide an overview of available evidence regarding the relationship between these anthropometric indicators and obesity-associated comorbidities. The articles were analyzed and the following data were collected:year of publication, sample size and age, anthropometric measure used to detect abdominal obesity, and main results of the study. The review comprised 47 articles which met all inclusion criteria, most of them published over the last 5 years. Waist-hip ratio and waist circumference were used as indicators of abdominal obesity in 34 and 11 of the articles reviewed, respectively. With respect to age range, the samples were heterogeneous in most of the studies (n=27) and ten included adolescents. Four studies were conducted on elderly subjects and three included children, but none exclusively involved adolescents as the target population. The sample size was larger than 500 in 26 studies. Despite disagreement in terms of the degree of correlation, the studies generally showed that the anthropometric indicators of abdominal obesity were correlated with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemias, and coronary heart risk. The results of this review suggest that abdominal obesity is associated with metabolic diseases. However, there is a lack of studies involving the adolescent population, suggesting the need for further research in this area.
- Published
- 2009
6. Anthropometric indicators of abdominal obesity: review of the papers indexed on SciELO electronic library
- Author
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Claudio Barnabé dos Santos Cavalcanti, Sineide Cristina Barbosa do Egito Carvalho, and Mauro Virgilio Gomes de Barros
- Subjects
Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
A systematic review of original articles published between 1993 and 2007 and indexed in SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) was carried out to identify the anthropometric indicators used to assess abdominal obesity in different target subgroups, and to provide an overview of available evidence regarding the relationship between these anthropometric indicators and obesity-associated comorbidities. The articles were analyzed and the following data were collected:year of publication, sample size and age, anthropometric measure used to detect abdominal obesity, and main results of the study. The review comprised 47 articles which met all inclusion criteria, most of them published over the last 5 years. Waist-hip ratio and waist circumference were used as indicators of abdominal obesity in 34 and 11 of the articles reviewed, respectively. With respect to age range, the samples were heterogeneous in most of the studies (n=27) and ten included adolescents. Four studies were conducted on elderly subjects and three included children, but none exclusively involved adolescents as the target population. The sample size was larger than 500 in 26 studies. Despite disagreement in terms of the degree of correlation, the studies generally showed that the anthropometric indicators of abdominal obesity were correlated with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemias, and coronary heart risk. The results of this review suggest that abdominal obesity is associated with metabolic diseases. However, there is a lack of studies involving the adolescent population, suggesting the need for further research in this area.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. O artesanato da suspeita: o ensaio como tradição crítica
- Author
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Ricardo Forster
- Subjects
Ensaio ,Ciências sociais ,Produtivismo acadêmico ,Paper ,Razão instrumental ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Este ensaio pretende ser uma defesa da importância acadêmica do ensaio. Na vida acadêmica atual, vigora sobretudo o pragmatismo da produtividade funcional e da eficiência, expresso, através de um inglês comercial, sobretudo pelo paper. Esse esvaziamento das palavras convida-nos a enfatizar a importância do ensaio. De Montaigne a Steiner, passando por Adorno, o ensaio, gênero da modernidade, torna-se, assim, sobretudo num tempo de crise das grandes narrativas, o modo de captar o eterno naquilo que vivemos e percebemos como destinado a perecer. Constitui-se como escritura do sujeito moderno, e manifestação de suas extraordinárias inquietudes e de suas solidões. O ensaio como artesanato da suspeita, ao invés de ser visto como vitória do amadorismo na vida acadêmica, é o caminho com que se revelarão os limites de toda pretensão universalista e do produtivismo acadêmico hoje imperante.
- Published
- 2011
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8. Papéis sociais no ensino superior: aluno-cliente, professor-gerente-educador, instituição de ensino-mercantil
- Author
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Cassia Helena Pereira Lima, Gilberto Braga Pereira, and Adriane Vieira
- Subjects
Ensino superior ,Papéis sociais ,Empregabilidade ,Mercado de trabalho ,Higher education ,Social papers ,Employability ,Work market ,Political science ,Political institutions and public administration (General) ,JF20-2112 - Abstract
O objetivo deste artigo é fornecer subsídios para repensar o desafio da educação superior, especialmente o da pós-graduação na área da Administração, a partir da avaliação dos papéis dos atores sociais envolvidos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e de suas expectativas em relação aos demais: o aluno-cliente, o professor-gerente-educador e a instituição de ensino-mercantil. Durante um ano realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa com alunos e professores de uma pós-graduação lato sensu em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior privada. Os dados foram tratados através de análise de conteúdo. Constatou-se que, por parte dos corpos docente e discente, há distorções e falta de clareza quanto aos papéis desempenhados por cada elemento, gerando conflitos de interesses e que os papéis socialmente estabelecidos estão profundamente influenciados pela relação comercial do negócio educação, por vezes chocando-se com objetivos pedagógicos da educação.
- Published
- 2006
9. Aggressive speech acts or expressions of friendliness? Translating taboo words in Fatih Akins’ Soul Kitchen (2009) into Italian subtitles
- Author
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Claudia Buffagni
- Subjects
Audiovisual translation ,interlingual subtitling ,German language ,Italian language ,Taboo language ,Translating and interpreting ,P306-310 - Abstract
The paper analyzes the occurrences of taboo words in Fatih Akin’s German comedy Soul Kitchen (2009). The film is particularly rich in taboo and swear words which are mainly used by certain characters and seem to play a specific role. According to a classification of taboo words in central semantic groups and along with the definition of aggressive speech act by Havrlyiv (2017, 2018, 2022) and of insults by Alfonzetti (2017), the paper initially identifies the most recurrent speech acts in the context of their occurrence, investigating the pragmatic functions of taboo words in the original German dialogues of the comedy also in relation to the humorous aims pursued. Next, according to Díaz Cintas and Remael’s (2007) subtitling classification the paper analyzes the Italian subtitles, investigating the translation strategies selected and the solutions adopted. Special attention is paid to the strategies chosen for the translation of cultural-bound elements. The translation of scatological taboo words holds a particular relevance.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Untapping the potential of cloud subtitling in audiovisual translator education: A pilot study
- Author
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Alejandro Bolaños-García-Escribano
- Subjects
audiovisual translation ,cloud technologies ,subtitler training ,action research ,Translating and interpreting ,P306-310 - Abstract
This paper examines the potential of cloud technologies in audiovisual translator education with a particular emphasis on cloud subtitling. The fast-growing global demand for multimedia content has recently led to the significant growth of audiovisual translation (AVT) as both a professional avenue and an academic discipline (Díaz-Cintas, 2019). Developments in cloud computing have profoundly altered work in the language and translation industries in general and media localisation workflows in particular (Díaz-Cintas & Massidda, 2019). The market’s leading stakeholders are currently exploiting cloud technologies in an attempt to maximise resources, extend freelance networks and enhance efficiency. Access to most of these technologies, however, remains restricted to the largest media-streaming and translation service providers, meaning that they cannot be utilised by the public, not least would-be translators and trainers. The umbilical connection between translator education and new technologies, such as cloud computing, calls for a more detailed examination of how cloud subtitling is being integrated into the AVT classroom. Indeed, to be fully employable in an ever-changing market, AVT trainees need to be fully conversant in the latest technologies (Cerezo-Merchán, 2018) and adapt to new ecosystems quickly. The ubiquitous cloud-based revoicing and subtitling editors used in the industry are becoming timidly, albeit steadily, more manifest in higher education. This paper thus examines the uses of cloud subtitling systems in audiovisual translator education following instances of action research (AR) experimentation. It presents the results from a pilot AR study conducted at a translator training institution and ultimately proposes ways to further explore cloud technologies in higher education while fostering academia-industry partnerships.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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11. Scrutiny of the Two-Dimensional Argument against Physicalism
- Author
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Wilson Mendonça and Julia Telles de Menezes
- Subjects
Epistemic possibilities ,Intensions ,Metaphysical plenitude ,Metaphysical possibilities ,Strong necessities ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Chalmers’s two-dimensional argument against materialism (aka the zombie argument) is arguably the most ingenious attempt to ground a view about fundamental reality on epistemic considerations. From the conceivability of a being that is physically identical to a conscious being but that is deprived of phenomenal consciousness (a zombie), the argument draws on the interplay of the primary and the second intensions of the zombie hypothesis to infer the metaphysical possibility of a zombie world, and thus the falsity of physicalism about phenomenality. By means of a detailed reconstruction of the two-dimensional argument, the paper tries to isolate its most central assumption: that the role played by an epistemic scenario (an intentional object) in the verification of the zombie hypothesis is played by a nonintentionally individuated metaphysical world (the zombie world) considered as actual. The paper argues that no non-viciously circular case for this assumption has been made. Thus, the two-dimensional argument is at best inconclusive.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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12. Critical Whiteness Studies and International Relations: disputing narratives and challenging epidermalized structures of power in teaching, research and extension
- Author
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Karine de Souza Silva
- Subjects
Critical Whiteness Studies ,International Relations ,Racism ,Teaching, research and extension ,Law ,Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence ,K1-7720 - Abstract
This paper aims to demonstrate that Critical Whiteness Studies (CWS) may provide useful tools for interpreting epidermalized relations of power in the international system and for challenging the racial dynamics that cut across the teaching, research and extension dimensions in the field of International Relations. This study shows that CWS have potential to support the implementation of Law 11.645/2008, which requires the inclusion, in a cross-curricular manner, of education regarding ethnic-racial relations in higher education curricula in Brazil. In this paper, I provide an introduction to the field of CWS, drawing primarily from the Brazilian afro-feminist contribution in pretuguês of Cida Bento, with her concept of narcissistic pacts of whiteness. Methodologically, this article makes use of a decolonial approach, based on bibliographic and documental research techniques. This paper stresses the importance of naming and historicizing the power of whiteness, to understand how it hegemonizes itself in space and time, and through which means it does so. It is a novel and original study, which innovates by introducing Black epistemologies and stating their applicability as regards teaching, research and extension, opening paths to destabilize the colonial support beams of the IR field.
- Published
- 2023
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13. The Wind River Scribe: Grace Darling Wetherbee Coolidge and Her Teepee Neighbors
- Author
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Tadeusz Lewandowski
- Subjects
Grace Darling Wetherbee Coolidge ,Teepee Neighbors ,reservation life ,missionary ,Arapaho ,Language and Literature ,English literature ,PR1-9680 - Abstract
Grace Darling Wetherbee Coolidge’s 1917 book Teepee Neighbors is a little-known collection of twenty-nine sketches of Indian life on the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, where she worked as a missionary from 1902 to 1910. Only recently have Coolidge’s personal papers been made publicly available by the Pioneers Museum in Colorado Springs, Colorado, allowing scholars to investigate the true contours of her life for the first time. These primary source materials shed new light on a woman who—though born to great privilege in New York City—rejected a life of leisure and wealth in favor of a subsistence existence on a remote Indian reservation, devoted to charitable acts. This paper offers the first accurate essay-length biographical treatment of Grace Coolidge. It as well analyzes selections of her Teepee Neighbors as an attempt to generate sympathy among white readers for a colonized people, the Arapaho, and to offer a critique of Euro-American society from the standpoint of the communal Indian values she encountered at Wind River. Coolidge’s project, however, is ultimately hampered by her own ethnocentrism and admitted inability to understand Indian cultures.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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14. Politicization of Universities in a Postcolonial Context: A Historical Sketch of Student Political Activism in India
- Author
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Soumodip Sinha
- Subjects
India ,Student Politics ,Nation-Building ,History (General) ,D1-2009 ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 - Abstract
This paper examines the nature and historical trajectories of student politics in India. In doing so, it seeks to centrally carry forward the argument that students represent a powerful and informed political agency, motivated along the axes of either ushering large scale changes or in addressing minor campus issues. It also seeks to lay out the background and dissects the factors that have led to the beginnings, decline and resurgence of student movements in postcolonial societies, particularly in India wherein the contribution of youth or students towards nation-building via activism or participation in mainstream politics can hardly be discounted. While the 1960s did give rise to student movements globally, this paper centrally argues that it has been an intrinsic feature in the Indian context for almost a century now, both before and after Independence from colonial rule and thereby concludes with the idea that universities have been integral to such developments within such a milieu.
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- 2022
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15. Southern Cone Student Movements and Capitalist Development in The Late 1800s and Early 1900s: A 'New Social Movement Theory' Approach
- Author
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Indira Palacios-Valladares
- Subjects
New Social Movements ,Students ,Students Capitalism ,Capitalism ,History (General) ,D1-2009 ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 - Abstract
This paper explores the “new social movement” features of the Argentinean, Chilean, and Uruguayan student movements of the late 1800s and early 1900s. In doing so, it wrestles with two questions. First, why do such features, widely associated with post-industrial societies, appear at this relatively early stage of capitalist development? Second, what does their presence at that time suggest about the explanatory power of new social movement theory? The paper agrees with new social movement theorists’ contention that capitalism shapes the character of social movements but argues that the focus of the analysis should not be on development stages but rather on the impact of rapid global market integration processes, which have occurred at different times since the rise of capitalism. Such an approach illuminates why capitalist development may yield similar collective action patterns across different historical periods.
- Published
- 2022
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16. An Intuitive Solution to the Problem of Induction
- Author
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Andrew Dennis Bassford
- Subjects
Problem of Induction ,natural kinds ,direct realism ,substantial forms ,contents of perception ,concept formation ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
The subject of this essay is the classical problem of induction, which is sometimes attributed to David Hume and called “the Humean Problem of Induction.” Here, I examine a certain sort of Neo-Aristotelian solution to the problem, which appeals to the concept of natural kinds in its response to the inductive skeptic. This position is most notably represented by Howard Sankey and Marc Lange. The purpose of this paper is partly destructive and partly constructive. I raise two questions. The first is: Are the natural kind solutions to the problem successful? The first thesis of this paper is that they are not, and I will show how and why they fail. And the second question I raise here is: Is there nonetheless some alternative Neo-Aristotelian solution to the problem which is successful and can overcome the shortcomings endemic to the Sankey-Lange account? The second thesis is that there is, and I’ll attempt to sketch one. My stance here may be summarized by saying that, while I agree with Sankey and Lange that the problem of induction can be adequately resolved, and while I am on the whole sympathetic with the Aristotelian spirit of their account(s), I am, for all that, dissatisfied with the letter of them. Nothing short of a more thoroughgoing Aristotelianism about the epistemology of induction will do.
- Published
- 2022
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17. An investigation on the role of referentiality in the interpretation of relative clauses in Brazilian Portuguese
- Author
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Gitanna Bezerra
- Subjects
Relative Clause Processing ,Referentiality ,Complex Noun Phrases ,Brazilian Portuguese ,Language and Literature ,English literature ,PR1-9680 - Abstract
This paper presents an off-line experiment we conducted to investigate the influence of referentiality on relative clause (RC) interpretation in Brazilian Portuguese. RCs associated with complex NPs seem to be preferentially attached to a referential noun. This referentiality effect can be treated in discourse terms (Gilboy, Sopena, Clifton & Frazier, 1995) or in syntacticsemantic terms (Bezerra, 2017; this paper). Our questionnaire tested these approaches using two types of complex NPs (occupational and kinship NPs) and the results showed that the syntactic-semantic structure of these complex NPs can account for the referentiality effect reported in the literature by Gilboy et al. (1995). Based on our results, we argue in favor of the syntactic-semantic approach and show that the discourse-oriented approach lacks explanatory power.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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18. Mathematical Concept Representations in the Early Years of School: Analyzing Student’s Errors
- Author
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Rúbia Amaral and Lucas Carato Mazzi
- Subjects
Math errors ,Mathematical representations ,Error analysis ,Mathematics education ,Early years ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
In this paper we analyze students’ mathematics errors in the early years of Brazilian school. To achieve this goal, we developed a questionnaire with eight math problems that included basic operations. This instrument was distributed to 76 third-grade students in three different classes from three different schools. To comprehend what caused the errors, we analyzed each question. To perform these analyzes we used the following categories: Errors due to language difficulties; Errors due to difficulties in obtaining spatial information; Errors due to incorrect associations or rigidity of thinking; Errors due to the application of irrelevant rules or strategies; Errors due to deficient mastery of prerequisite skills, facts, and concepts; Incorrect reproduction of the task; Error of counting; Errors in the assemblage of the arithmetic operations; Errors in the summing up with values bigger than ten; and Specific errors of subtraction. We believe that using errors as motivation could improve students' understanding of mathematics. We seek to help teachers (and researchers) identify most of the mistakes made by students in order to recognize them in their classrooms. The results indicated that some of the students' most common errors are in line with what the literature points out, that is, difficulty in translating the problem into mathematical language; difficulties in using the operations algorithms and difficulties in understanding what the problem is asking.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Biotecnologia e biodiversidade genética: uma história informacional da natureza até o Protocolo de Nagoya (2010)
- Author
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Eduardo Relly
- Subjects
Acesso e repartição de benefícios ,Biodiversidade genética ,Biotecnologia ,History (General) ,D1-2009 ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 - Abstract
O desenvolvimento da biotecnologia no século XX e XXI promove como fonte de valor a informação da natureza, ao passo que a materialidade dos entes naturais ou dos portadores da informação genética tem perdido importância. Neste sentido, a manipulação genética da natureza através da conversão desta em recursos genéticos deu azo a novas ontologias e formas de relacionamento com o mundo natural. A ideia de biodiversidade envolve o conceito de biodiversidade genética, abrindo novos horizontes para a apropriação capitalista da natureza. Neste sentido, reações ao projeto informacional da natureza se reúnem de modo ambivalente no mecanismo compensatório de Acesso e repartição de benefícios (ABS), consagrado na Convenção da Diversidade Biológica (CBD) e no Protocolo de Nagoya (2010). Os conflitos entre a natureza informacional e a natureza material tocam sobremaneira os saberes e conhecimentos indígenas, uma vez que a maior parte da biodiversidade global é desconhecida da ciência moderna e está sob a guarda das culturas indígenas. Esse paper tem como intenção debater a origem do mecanismo de ABS, sua relação com a biodiversidade genética, bem como analisar como ele tem legitimado a concepção de uma visão informacional da natureza que afeta negativamente povos e comunidades tradicionais. É também uma proposta por uma história das ciências e ambiental da biodiversidade.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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20. Quantifiers and existence
- Author
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Víctor Cantero-Flores
- Subjects
Quantifiers ,Scope ,Formalisation ,Existence ,Ontology ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
There are some sentences that include expressions that refer to entities that do not exist. One example is this: Mary is in terror of werewolves. Some argue that this sentence cannot be translated into predicate logic. This may be seen as flaw in predicate logic. Against this, I argue in this paper that the problem is not predicate logic, but rather our commitments with the existence and nature of certain things. By revising some of these commitments, we can see that predicate logic is perfectly capable to deal with the problematic sentences.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Aristotle’s Sea Battle, Excluded Middle and Bivalence
- Author
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Alba Massolo
- Subjects
Fatalism ,Future contingents ,Bivalence ,Three-valued logic ,Supervaluationism ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
In this paper, I present a formal reconstruction of the classical argument for fatalism set forth by Aristotle in On Interpretation 9. From there, I expose two different formal solutions for avoiding the unwanted conclusion based on the traditional interpretation of Aristotle’s rejection of the Principle of Bivalence: On the one hand, Łukasiewicz's three-valued logic and, on the other hand, supervaluation semantics. I also address some criticisms made against these two proposals. To finish, I remark on some alternative interpretations of Aristotle’s intentions maintaining that the Stagirite philosopher rejected fatalism without abandoning the Principle of Bivalence.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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22. A formalization of Descartes’ causal argument for existence of God
- Author
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Vincenzo Ciccarelli
- Subjects
Descartes ,Meditations ,Causal argument ,Quantified modal logic ,Free logic ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
In this paper I attempt a formalization of Descartes’ causal argument for the existence of God presented in the Third Meditation. By taking into account the philosophical setting of Descartes’ Meditations, I argue that the best logical theory to carry out the formalization is quantified modal logic where free logic is used for the first-order axioms. This fact is related to Descartes’ distinction between formal and objective reality which — to my mind — suggests both the adoption of modality (e.g. true in formal vs true in objective reality) and the possibility of using empty names (i.e. names which lack reference in “formal reality”). After presenting the formal system and the reconstruction of Descartes’ proof, I will discuss some issues related to the philosophical import of the formalization, such as the understanding of rigid designation and lack of reference. I will argue that the formalization of Descartes’ argument has an intrinsic philosophical value for it sheds light on the structure of argument, its implicit difficulties, and the use of logic itself to understand the philosophical tradition.
- Published
- 2024
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23. Belief Revision in a Nutshell
- Author
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Rafael R. Testa
- Subjects
Belief Revision ,Change Operators ,Epistemological Theories ,Rationality ,Formal Epistemology ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Belief Revision studies how rational agents change their beliefs in response to new information. The main objective of the works in this area is modelling these dynamics by defining some formal operators of change. This paper is an overview on the AGM model for revision, introducing some of the major questions that are addressed in this area of study.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Malebranche’s approach to God’s existence
- Author
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Juan Diego M. Moya Bedoya
- Subjects
God ,Malebranche ,Idea ,Formalization ,Formal Proof of Validity ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
In this paper, the author reproduces one of Nicolas Malebranche’s arguments for God’s existence. The text offers (I) a logical formalization of the argument, (II) a formal proof of validity of the argument and, finally, some philosophical reflections concerning not only (III.I) the soundness of the argument, but (III.II) the intellectual benefits that a logical formalization offers to a philosophical historian of philosophy.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The many faces of the Liar Paradox
- Author
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José Martínez-Fernández and Sergi Oms
- Subjects
Liar Paradox ,Truth ,Self-reference ,Semantic Paradox ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
The Liar Paradox is a classic argument that creates a contradiction by reflection on a sentence that attributes falsity to itself: ‘this sentence is false’. In our paper we will discuss the ways in which the Liar sentence (and its paradoxical argument) can be represented in first-order logic. The key to the representation is to use first-order logic to model a self-referential language. We will also discuss several related sentences, like the Liar cycles, the empirical versions of the Liar and the Truth teller sentences.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. A real argument to defy classical logic
- Author
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Héctor Hernández Ortiz
- Subjects
Classical Logic ,Real Arguments ,Pascal´s Wager ,Evaluation of Arguments ,Deductive Reasoning ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
In this paper, an argument by Fisher (2004) is formalized and evaluated by means of some tools of classical logic. The argument presented by Fisher is a version of a piece of reasoning of great historical importance known as Pascal’s Wager. According to Fisher, “this is a fascinating piece of reasoning. It is complex and important and hard to handle”. Here is shown that, although formal logical analysis has limitations to evaluate everyday deductive arguments, it is perfectly capable to formalize and evaluate Fisher’s argument. This should show that its usefulness is undeniable.
- Published
- 2024
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27. Illocutionary logic as a tool for reconstructing Kant’s derivation of the formula of the categorical imperative from its mere concept
- Author
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Dirk Greimann
- Subjects
Kant ,Categorical Imperative ,Illocutionary Logic ,Self-defeating Speech Act ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
This paper aims to reconstruct Kant’s derivation of the formula of the categorical imperative from its mere concept with the help of the resources of Searle’s and Vanderveken’s illocutionary logic. The main exegetical hypothesis is that the derivation envisaged by Kant consists in deriving the formula from the success conditions of categorical imperatives. These conditions, which are analogous to the success conditions of ordinary orders, contain restrictions for the successful construction of a system of moral laws that determine what the content of the categorical imperative must be.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Determining the methodology for testing seed germination of Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake (Myrtaceae)
- Author
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Tatiane Sanches Jeromini, Thais Arroyo da Cruz, Thaís Soares Pereira, Givanildo Zildo da Silva, and Cibele Chalita Martins
- Subjects
duração do teste ,espécie florestal ,qualidade fisiológica ,padronização ,viabilidade ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake is one of the main eucalyptus species cultivated. However, there are no recommendations for testing its germination pattern. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the best methodology to conduct seed germination tests for E. urophylla. The study was divided into two steps. In the first, two substrates (on paper and sand) and six temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35ºC, and alternating 20-30ºC, between night and day, respectively) were tested. In the second step, the best substrate was selected based on the first experiment and was tested in two seeds lots and at the six temperatures previously mentioned. Germination, first count, speed index and the average germination time were evaluated. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replications and the treatments were arranged in a 2x6 factorial scheme for both steps. When comparing germination between lots, it was observed that lot 1 had a lower performance than lot 2 under extreme temperature conditions. Seed germination tests of E. urophylla should be made at 30 or 35ºC on the paper or sand substrate, with the initial and final counts at four and 10 days after sowing, respectively. Based on this study, more tests should be made with seeds from other lots and populations of E. urophylla to confirm the results.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Did bohr succeed in defending the completeness of quantum mechanics?
- Author
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Kunihisa Morita
- Subjects
foundation of quantum mechanics ,bohr ,einstein-podolsky-rosen ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
This study posits that Bohr failed to defend the completeness of the quantum mechanical description of physical reality against Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen’s (EPR) paper. Although there are many papers in the literature that focus on Bohr’s argument in his reply to the EPR paper, the purpose of the current paper is not to clarify Bohr’s argument. Instead, I contend that regardless of which interpretation of Bohr’s argument is correct, his defense of the quantum mechanical description of physical reality remained incomplete. For example, a recent trend in studies of Bohr’s work is to suggest he considered the wave-function description to be epistemic. However, such an interpretation cannot be used to defend the completeness of the quantum mechanical description.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Recognition and validation of prior learning of low-educated adults in Portugal: is it an innovative public policy?
- Author
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Carmen de Jesus Dores Cavaco
- Subjects
política de educação de adultos ,educação de jovens e adultos ,reconhecimento da experiência extra-escolar ,Education ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 - Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the process of recognition and validation of prior learning, a public policy measure meant for the low schooling adults in Portugal. This analysis is the result of a qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews with professionals responsible for implementing the process and on biographical interviews with adults certified through this process. The empirical data collected allowed us to identify some elements of innovation in the process of recognition and validation of prior learning in Portugal. This paper analyzes two elements of innovation: on the one hand, the use of the biographical method and life histories; and, on the other hand, the monitoring provided by the advisor and teachers, recognition and validation. In our point of view, the identified elements of innovation contribute so that the process of recognition and validation of prior learning, oriented, from the political point of view, increases the educational qualification of adults, presents a training potential in the adults involved.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Audio description and the translation of film language into words
- Author
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Floriane Bardini
- Subjects
audiovisual translation ,audio description ,translation techniques ,functionalism ,Language and Literature ,English literature ,PR1-9680 - Abstract
In this paper, we approach audio description (AD) from a Translation Studies point of view. The two first parts are of theoretical interest: AD is defined as a part of the audiovisual text and as a form of intersemiotic translation. Once this is set up, we concentrate on the concept of translation techniques (Molina and Hurtado, 2002) and adapt them to audio description to provide scholars and students with a functional classification of AD techniques (ADT), which can be used for descriptive studies of audio descriptions as well as in training, and is based on a functional classification of translation techniques. The paper ends with detailed examples from a comparative study of several audio descriptions of the film Slumdog Millionaire (2008) using ADTs to illustrate the benefits of the established taxonomy.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Partial Theory of Justice and Political Democratic Structure in Nussbaum’s Theory
- Author
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Nunzio Ali and Diana Piroli
- Subjects
teoria parcial de justiça ,capabilities ,nussbaum ,estrutura política democrática ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 ,Ethics ,BJ1-1725 - Abstract
This paper argues that the future of capabilities approach lies on the theoretical development of the democratic political structure. For this purpose, we take into account Martha Nussbaum’s late theoretical works. Firstly, we argue that the capability approach can be divided into two main models: the top down and the bottom up. Nussbaum, for example, endorses a top-down model, which it begins from an abstractive theory of partial justice and then draws the issue of institutional implementation. On the other hand, Amartya Sem advocates the bottom-up model, which starts from the immanent demands of justice from public sphere and then up to normative and abstract questions (like his “idea of justice”). In the second part of this paper, we present Nussbaum’s partial theory of justice, arguing that it is mainly composed by four issues: (a) the elaboration of the list of capabilities, (b) the process of normative evaluation, (c) arguments for stability, (d) the implementation of the model. About this last topic, we argue in the third part that the current theoretical advance of the capabilities approach lies on the issue of the democratic political structure. In other words, the future of capabilities approach depends on the interaction between its own theory and a theory of democracy. Finally, in the last section we provide a re-elaboration of Nussbaum’s threshold level of capabilities (the list) in order to make it more adherent with the democratic political structure.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The experience with early childhood education in rural areas in the context of Paraiba: the public university as a space of articulation
- Author
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Fernanda de Lourdes Almeida Leal and Maria das Graças Oliveira
- Subjects
educação infantil ,campo ,ensino ,Education ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 - Abstract
This paper reflects upon the possibilities the public university in Brazil offers to promote actions for the consolidation of an area of emergent studies and practices called Early Childhood Education in Rural Areas (ECERA). The objective here is to discuss experiences in the light of Teaching and Research in the realms of the Federal University of Campina Grande (Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – UFCG), which, via professors-researchers, has contributed for the construction of knowledge and for the strengthening of practices directed to the mentioned area since 2010. The paper also enlightens advancements and situations the University needs to solve in order to consolidate the commitment for knowledge construction and for social transformation. To do so, historical aspects related to the organization of the ECERA are discussed and action regarding ECERA is taken, mainly involving Teaching and Research at UFCG. It is already possible to foresee the presence of ECERA in Teaching and Research carried out especially at Unidade Acadêmica de Educação (UAEd) [Academic Unit of Education], associated with Centro de Humanidades (CH) [Humanities Centre] of UFCG. However, some other actions must be taken in order to reinforce the ongoing action and to advance in different directions relevant to the university, just like the Extension.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Kinds of Determinism in Science
- Author
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Alexander Maar
- Subjects
determinism ,unique evolution ,value determinateness ,predictability ,quantum mechanics ,chaos theory ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Determinism is a doctrine or assumption best defined in the realm of the natural sciences. In this paper I explain in detail the four senses of determinism, from the most fundamental metaphysical sense, to the most complex epistemic (predictive) sense. I take as a starting point the analysis of determinism offered by Stephen Kellert. Each of these senses is then expounded and commented with a view to explore some of the implications of each of them in theoretical physics. The most important of my tasks in this paper is to differentiate between the metaphysical and epistemic consequences of the deterministic assumption. My objective is to show that determinism as an ontological tenet is capable of withstanding criticism, even though predictive determinism is likely to be false.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Co-Translating Velimir Khlebnikov's Russian Transrational Poetry
- Author
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Mário Ramos Francisco Júnior
- Subjects
poesia russa ,tradução ,velimir khlébnikov ,Translating and interpreting ,P306-310 - Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the translations of zaum poems by the Russian Cubo-futurist poet Velimir Khlebnikov. One of the most influential Russian poets of the first half of the twentieth century, Khlebnikov resorted to and developed across his work a number of experiments with the innovative language found in several manifestos of the Russian avant-garde. The zaum – or transrational – language was first translated and published in the 1968 anthology of poems, Modern Russian Poetry. The re-translation is regarded in this paper as a dialogic process, which we view as a co-translation, by making use of and re-elaborating the material once translated by Augusto and Haroldo de Campos and Boris Schnaiderman to the Portuguese language.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The Contingency of Physical Laws
- Author
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Ferenc Huoranszki
- Subjects
physical laws ,natural properties ,dispositions ,contingency ,fundamentality ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explain the sense in which laws of physics are contingent. It argues, first, that contemporary Humean accounts cannot adequately explain the contingency of physical laws; and second, that Hume’s own arguments against the metaphysical necessity of causal connections are not applicable in this context. The paper concludes by arguing that contingency is an essentially emergent, macroscopic phenomenon: we can understand the contingency of fundamental physical laws only through their relation to the distribution of macroscopic modal properties in the manifest world.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A study of diacritical marks in writing acquisition: orthography and phonology
- Author
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Luanda Alvariza Gomes Ney and Ana Ruth Moresco Miranda
- Subjects
acento gráfico ,acento prosódico ,aquisição da escrita ,ortografia-fonologia ,método clínico ,Language and Literature ,English literature ,PR1-9680 - Abstract
This paper discusses the criteria used by third and fifth graders who attend a public school, in Pelotas, RS, Brazil, regarding the function of diacritical marks in the writing system. Considering the close relationship between prosodic stress and the rules of use of diacritical marks, the study reported in this paper aimed at investigating children's hypotheses concerningthese orthographic devices. Data were collected by a controlled writing instrument, which was especially designed for this research, and by clinical interviews guided by the Piagetian method (Carraher, 1989). After completing awriting task, children were induced to explain the reasons that led them to usediacritics in their spelling. The analysis of data on their written production showed that children got the diacritical mark right, mainly in contexts in which alternation of vowel timbre could occur, that is, in medium and low medium vowels. Results of the interviews highlighted the emergence of criteria based on acoustic and graphic aspects. The analysis allowed us to define a hierarchy of acoustic criteria, i. e., vocalic timbre, vowel duration and prominence.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Prevalence of Active Play in Brazilian children and adolescents: an updated systematic review for the Brazil's Report Card
- Author
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Greice Westphal, Igor Alisson Spagnol Pereira, Maria Luiza Costa Borim, Claudiana Marcela Siste Charal, and Nelson Nardo Junior
- Subjects
Adolescents ,Brazil ,Children ,Leisure activity ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
This paper is an update of the systematic review on Active Play published in 2018 by Mendes et al. This systematic review included studies published between 2018 and 2019. The search for potential articles was performed on the following electronic databases: Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, Bireme, Scielo and Scopus. Initially, 471 papers met the eligibility criteria. However, after deeply analyzed, only two studies remained and were included in the present review. From these articles only one presented individual information on play activity among adolescents age (12-17 years) from Curitiba-PR and it reveals that 77,2% of them were physically active in their free time. The other study included was about the preferences for leisure activities among adolescents from Florianopolis-SC participants in two cross sectional studies in 2001 and 2011. It showed a significant reduction in the preferences for practicing physical activities, while the opposite occurs with sedentary activities like watching TV, playing video games, and using computers. These results along with the inconsistencies in benchmarks of the domain active play among countries involved in the Global Matrix 3.0 made clear the necessity of a standard definition and a proper tool to measure it.
- Published
- 2021
39. Sedentary behavior in children and adolescents: an update of the systematic review of the Brazil’s Report Card
- Author
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Kelly Samara da Silva, Giseli Minatto, Alexsandra da Silva Bandeira, Priscila Cristina dos Santos, Ana Caroline Ferreira Campos de Sousa, and Valter Cordeiro Barbosa Filho
- Subjects
Adolescent behavior ,Brazil ,Prevalence ,Sedentary lifestyle ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
This review updated data on sedentary behavior in Brazilian children and adolescents for the Brazil’s Report Card 4.0. The searching was carried out in eight databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SPORTDiscus, BIREME, Scielo, and Google Scholar), based on the the following criteria: original research; samples including Brazilian children and adolescents; to be a observational survey with the prevalence of at least one component of sedentary behavior. In this updated review were included 118 studies (corresponding to 159 papers), being 71 studies (104 papers) previously reviewed in the Report Card 3.0 and 47 studies (55 papers) found in update from 2018 to 2019. Screen time (34.7%) and TV viewing (28.2%) remains the most investigated components, however, two studies investigated cell phone use, and there was an increase in other types of sedentary behavior such as sitting time (from 9% to 25.6%). We found only four studies involving pre-scholars, but four of them covered almost all age groups. Self-reported questionnaire was the instrument more used; however, increased the studies using accelerometers (from 2 to 8 studies). The cut-off point more frequent was 2 hours/day (47.5%), but the use of other measures doubled. Almost 70% of the studies reported that less than 50% (general range: 9.4% to 97.7%) of individuals had < 2 hours/day of sedentary behavior. The updated review found few studies with prescholars and children; using validated instruments; using accelerometers, with standardization of cutoff points, and prevalences very close to what was observed in the previous review.
- Published
- 2021
40. Biological identity and ‘restitution’ in Argentina. Further critical arguments
- Author
-
Mariana Córdoba, María José Ferreira Ruiz, and Fiorela Alassia
- Subjects
Personal identity ,Restitution ,Grandpaternity index ,DNA ,Produced identity ,Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
In this paper we will briefly explain the context in which the appropriation of 500 children occurred during the most recent Argentinian dictatorship, in order to analyze the political demand of identity restitution of these people. We will describe the phenomenon of restitution that took place thanks to the strategy of Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo, and we will analyze both the role of genetics on the restitution as well as some criticisms to a notion of biological identity considered to emerge from it. We will situate those criticisms in the philosophical debate over personal identity. The main purpose of this paper is to offer two arguments against an alleged genetic notion of personal identity. Firstly, a theoretical argument presents reasons on the basis of contemporary biological knowledge and, secondly, a practical argument refers to the productive role of biotechnologies. Finally, we will discuss some problems that arise from the criticisms themselves in order to give reasons for a defense of the restitution demand.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A comparative study of professional well-being in agency and freelance translators
- Author
-
Klaudia Bednárová-Gibová and Mária Majherová
- Subjects
Agency Translators ,Freelancers ,Job Satisfaction ,Sociology of Translation ,Translator Psychology ,Translating and interpreting ,P306-310 - Abstract
Departing from a sociological paradigm shift and the contemporary appeal to re-humanize translation studies, the paper anthropocentrically zooms in on agency translators and freelancers as important actors of translation practice. In the attempt to highlight translators as human beings with their voices and feelings in their uneasy occupational realities, the paper aims to compare professional well-being in agency and freelance translators based on four Dam and Zethsen’s status parameters and psychological variables of happiness at work (HAW). The paper reports results of a questionnaire-based survey completed by 93 agency translators and 84 freelancers in Slovakia. The translator’s self-perceptions of the selected variables are compared using measures of central tendency and their HAW profile emanates from a correlation analysis. The results of the analysis imply that the studied minor language translators show comparably high levels of professional well-being although they slightly differ in some ‘facet-specific’ happiness. Although embedded in the Slovak translational reality, an analysis of the translators’ professional well-being uncovers important specificities of the minor socio-psychological identities which can contribute to a research puzzle of the particularities of translators’ professional well-being in major linguocultures. The paper points to the added value of integrating insights from psychology into sociological TS research, thus creating a common reflection space.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. For an immanent critique of a neoliberal form of life
- Author
-
Bárbara Buril and Alessandro Pinzani
- Subjects
Forms of life ,Immanent critique ,Neoliberalism ,Rahel Jaeggi ,Suffering ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 ,Ethics ,BJ1-1725 - Abstract
This paper departs from the assumption that the critique of neoliberalism should not restrict itself to a criticism of an economic project. Another possible criticism of neoliberalism consists of a critique of how this specific form of life forms subjects. In this paper, we argue that a critique of a form of life is only justified in a reasonable way if it starts from the experiences of suffering produced by this form of life. As we will show, we must criticise neoliberalism not because it is inadequate for solving problems, since for a specific portion of the world population it has been extremely effective, but because it causes suffering. Suffering, unlike mere unsolved problems, represents sufficient grounds for highlighting the existence of a normative problem in a form of life. According to Max Horkheimer, the first step of a critical project committed to the transformation of a form of life are the crises of the present, which are not fully understood through the theoretical tools of “problem solving” or “learning processes”, as Rahel Jaeggi resorts to in her critical theory of society.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Educated-child-subject: relationships of power-knowledge in the management of a population
- Author
-
Gisele Ruiz Silva and Paula Corrêa Henning
- Subjects
infância ,escolarização ,michel foucault ,Education ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 - Abstract
This paper weaves problematizations about the universalization and obligation of education of Brazilian children since four years old. Using the genealogy of Michel Foucault with the analytical tool of problematization, this study is dedicated to understand how some historical facts could be conditions of possibility to the constitution of an educated childhood in the Modernity. As an analytical element, this paper takes the legal apparatus that formalizes the obligation of school enrollment of children, together with their permanence. Besides that, there are excerpts of the magazine Pátio Educação Infantil, making evident the relationships of power and knowledge that are produced and that also put in operation a determined governmental logic, problematizing the way people assume them as true nowadays.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. BBandung, 1955: Global Meeting Point
- Author
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Raissa Brescia dos Reis and Taciana Almeida Garrido Resende
- Subjects
Conferência Afro-Asiática de Bandung, Terceiro Mundo, História Global ,History (General) ,D1-2009 ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 - Abstract
This paper applies methods and concepts of Global and Transnational History to reflect on the Asian-African Conference of Bandung, Indonesia, in 1955, as an emblematic case of the global relations behind the appropriation and meaning of denominations such as Third World and Afro-Asian movement. We believe in the potentiality of this event for the construction of connected narratives. Disputes over the place of leadership, external participation to the group officially represented, as well as the repercussions and efforts to insert the event into non-Statewise mobilization agendas such as Pan-Africanism are approached through sources produced during the Congress, as well as through articles by the press and analysts. Ultimately, this paper argues for the importance of complexifying the analysis of the participants of international politics introduced by the Afro-Asian Conference, problematizing categories normally accepted as dominant for political action in the period and broadening the perception of the field of International Relations as a whole.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Translator's self-confidence versus selfefficacy: A terminology proposal and literature review
- Author
-
María del Mar Haro Soler
- Subjects
Psicología del traducción ,Autoconfianza ,Autoeficacia ,Estado de la cuestión ,Translating and interpreting ,P306-310 - Abstract
Even though there has been a growing interest in constructs related to the branch of Translation Studies known as Translation Psychology in the past few years, further research is required into this topic (Hubscher-Davidson, 324-325). This paper will focus on selfconfidence and self-efficacy, two self-perceptions whose conceptual difference is not always clear to researchers, probably due to the recent incorporation of the term self-efficacy to Translation Studies. In this paper the differences and similarities between these two psychological constructs will be established. A terminology proposal will also be presented to clarify this confusion. Moreover, previous studies on translator’s selfefficacy and self-confidence will be described. This will allow us to offer a panoramic view of the research performed on these two constructs and thus to identify research lines that need to be explored. Among these lines are the influence that self-awareness can have on the development of selfefficacy and self-confidence, the relation that may exist between these two self-perceptions and the decision-making process, or the relation that may exist between self-efficacy, self-confidence and other self-perceptions, such as self-concept.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Toward the Applicability of Statistics: A Representational View
- Author
-
Mahdi Ashoori and S. Mahmoud Taheri
- Subjects
applicability ,statistics ,scientific representation ,structural model ,statistical methods ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
The problem of understanding how statistical inference is, and can be, applied in empirical sciences is important for the methodology of science. It is the objective of this paper to gain a better understanding of the role of statistical methods in scientific modeling. The important question of whether the applicability reduces to the representational properties of statistical models is discussed. It will be shown that while the answer to this question is positive, representation in statistical models is not purely structural. In spite of the fact that representation in statistical models is based on the structural similarities between the statistical model and the empirical systems under study, these relationships are shown to be appropriate for representing relations in the target system by agent function, too. A second aspect of the paper involves the claim that agent-based components of statistical modeling are: a) interpretation of random variables, b) selection of the goal of statistical research, and c) selection of estimator properties. To justify these claims, a preliminary discussion will be presented on the role of statistics in modeling, as in regression and other structural models. This role will be explored and realized using a structural viewpoint. Also the role of statistical estimation in statistical modeling is discussed to explain the representational role of models and the inferential role of the agent in modeling.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Jean-Paul Sartre's theatre after communism: Perpetuating the past through non-retranslation?
- Author
-
Charlotte Bollaert
- Subjects
(Non-)Retranslation ,Reprint ,Sartre ,USSR ,Russia ,Translating and interpreting ,P306-310 - Abstract
This paper deals with the phenomenon of non-retranslation in post-Soviet Russia, and the related practice of reprinting manipulated Soviet translations today. We will illustrate this phenomenon with Jean-Paul Sartre’s theatre translation in Russia. The stakes and mechanisms behind the reprinting of Sartre’s Soviet translations in the post-Soviet era will be explored through the frameworks of retranslation theory. We will also reflect on the possible impact of reprinting Sartre’s Soviet theatre translations today. Considering reprinting as an instance of non-retranslation, this paper will draw more attention to the practice of reprinting and how it relates to retranslation. The reasons for non-retranslation will, in part, be ascribed to the presence of a double normativity in Russia; characterized on the one hand by a dominant economic norm driving the field of literature after 1991, and on the other by a continued ideological (communist) norm. This uncovers how, a quarter of a century after its abolition, communist censorship continues to shape the reading of contemporary Russian readers, and thus puts to question the general assumption that communist censorship disappeared along with the USSR.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Can the Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome Crisis Contribute to Challenging Contemporary Discourses Against Abortion Legalization in Brazil?
- Author
-
Daniela Rosendo and Tamara Amoroso Gonçalves
- Subjects
Abortion ,Legalization ,Zika Virus ,Human Rights ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 ,Ethics ,BJ1-1725 - Abstract
In this paper we will explore the widespread of congenital Zika virus syndrome in Brazil associated with abyssal social inequalities as a trigger to push for abortion legalization, from a human rights perspective. Brazil has a very restrictive regulation on abortion, which allows the procedure only when the life of the mother is in danger, in cases of sexual violence and when the fetus suffers from anencephaly. Due to the growing influence of ultra-conservative forces in the Parliament the legislative debate on abortion has been blocked for many years in Brazil, making social movements seek the courts for advancements in this area. In this paper, we will present general data on the Zika epidemic, social inequalities and unequal access to health services as a background for the discussion on advancing abortion legalization in the country through judicial procedures, from a human rights perspective.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Naturalism’s maxims and its methods. Is naturalistic philosophy like science?
- Author
-
Carin Robinson
- Subjects
Naturalism ,Science ,Methodology ,Synthetic ,A priori ,A posteriori ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
This paper argues that naturalistic philosophy does not meet its own empiricist mandate. It argues from an empiricist perspective. Naturalists either claim that philosophy is like science in significant ways, or they claim that philosophy ought to be like science. This paper, being chiefly focused on the former claim, argues that naturalistic philosophy is nothing like science. Using Papineau’s markers for the similarities between naturalistic philosophy and science, I argue, counter Papineau, that the method employed in naturalistic philosophy is not a posteriori and its claims are certainly not synthetic in the same way as that of science. This methodological distinction between science and philosophy is one made by Carnap. To show how the methods are distinct I compare two papers; I compare the method employed by Andy Clark in his philosophical paper on the brain as a prediction error minimisation machine with that employed by Rees and Haynes in their neuroscientific paper on mental content.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. No, It Isn’t: A Response to Law on Evil Pleasure
- Author
-
Richard Playford
- Subjects
Ethics ,Pleasure ,Aristotelianism ,Hedonism ,Utilitarianism ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 ,BJ1-1725 - Abstract
In this paper, I engage with Law's (2007) paper 'Evil Pleasure Is Good For You!' I argue that, although his criticism of hedonistic utilitarianism may hold some weight, his analysis of the goodness of pleasure is overly simplistic. I highlight some troubling results which would follow from his analysis and then outline a new account which then remedies these problems. Ultimately, I distinguish between Law's 'evil pleasures' and, what I call, 'virtuous pleasures' and show how we can accept the goodness of virtuous pleasures without being forced to say that evil pleasures are good for us.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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