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Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Existing studies have clearly demonstrated that people eating more whole grains have reduced risks of many chronic metabolic diseases compared to those eating less. In the past 20 years, the whole grain industry has developed so rapidly in major developed countries and regions. In recent years, whole grains have also attracted extensive attention in our country. The research and development efforts of the whole grain standards in China have been strengthened. This paper introduced the progress of the global definition consensus of whole grain and whole grain food, summarized the international development status of whole grain raw materials and whole grain food related standards in many countries and institutions, such as the Working Group of ISO Whole Grain, the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, Codex Alimentarius Commission, and so on. This paper also reviewed the present situation of definition of the whole grain and whole grain food related standards in China. More than 20 relevant raw materials, food related standards and production technical regulations and the publishment situation of other whole grain standards in China, including national standards and industry standards and local standards and group standards, were summarized, and some whole grain related standards under formulation were also introduced. Finally, the paper puts forward the development direction and suggestions for the construction of whole grain standard system in China, including fully combining with the actual production situation of China's whole grain food industry, integrating with international standards, and combining standard testing and certification. On the whole, the gradual improvement of the standard system of the whole grain food industry will help guide and regulate the high-quality and healthy development of the whole grain industry in China, and promote the creation of a diversified and healthy grain food ecology, and provide a technical basis for the development of the whole grain industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of digital technology has accelerated the transformation of financial online payment methods, bringing convenience to payment but also increasing the hidden dangers of fraudulent transactions. Antifraud research is particularly essential to protect users' property and prevent financial crises. With the advancement of data governance and sharing technology, digital payment transaction data present new characteristics of massive, multi-source and heterogeneous. Integrating data intelligence technology based on big data and artificial intelligence into anti-fraud research has important theoretical research significance. The digital credit payment model formed by the full combination of credit card payment and digital payment has the most mature data accumulation and theoretical basis at present, providing the most ideal data resources and theoretical support for the research of anti-fraud models. Starting from the concept, this paper firstly introduces the definition, research difficulties, and data framework of the digital credit anti-fraud research problem in combination with the actual business scenarios in China. Secondly, based on the modeling strategy, the frontier progress of digital credit transaction anti-fraud research is reviewed from two aspects of data balance and model optimization. This paper focuses on the theoretical basis, applicable scenarios, and latest achievements of various machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms in anti-fraud research, and based on the above content, a comprehensive evaluation is made. Finally, combined with the research status and from the perspective of demand, this paper summarizes the three major hotspots including the generalization and interpretability of anti-fraud research, and the sensitivity to new fraudulent transaction models, and concludes with an outlook on future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zhejiang Electric Power is the property of Zhejiang Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Mine Automation is the property of Industry & Mine Automation Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology / Shuiwendizhi Gongchengdizhi is the property of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As an important propaganda position of China's water conservancy, the core journals of water conservancy play an important role in promoting the development of China's water conservancy science and technology. In order to further enhance the influence of water conservancy journals in China, this study takes the journal " China Rural Water and Hydropower" as an example, combined with the bibliometric indicators of the journals in the past five years, this paper puts forward the following measures: ➀ closely track major national water conservancy research projects; ➁ Strengthen the solicitation of research papers on macro policies; ➂ Strengthen the solicitation of technical application papers and improve the quality of engineering technology papers; ➃ Fully utilize the Council platform to expand the influence of journals ; ➄ Give full play to the role of the editorial board in running the journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Para-infectious encephalopathy is an acute inflammatory encephalopathy secondary to a systemic infectious disease, including acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) and mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS). This paper reports on 3 cases of SARS-CoV-2 related to para-infectious encephalopathy diagnosed and treated in The Ordos Central Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from December 2022 to February 2023, and reviews relevant literature to summarize the clinical characteristics of the disease. Methods and Results The 3 patients with SARS-CoV-2 related to para-infectious encephalopathy, including 2 cases of SARS-CoV-2 related to ANE and one case of SARS-CoV-2 related to MERS were reported. Three patients developed consciousness disorder 2-4 d after fever, and still had aphasia, mental abnormality, convulsions, etc.. SARS-CoV-2 throat swab was positive. Head MRI showed one abnormal signal of brain stem and bilateral thalamus, one abnormal signal of bilateral thalamus, and one abnormal pressure of corpus callosum. All received hormone shock therapy and (or) intravenous immunoglobulin. One died, and 2 cases were recovered. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 related to para-infectious encephalopathy including SARS-CoV-2 related to ANE and MERS and other clinical subtypes, the former has rapid progress, severe disease, high disability rate and fatality rate and poor prognosis, while the latter has relatively mild symptoms and better prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lycium barharum L. is a food and drug homologous substance, rich in polysaccharides, betaine, anthocyanins, carotenoids and other active ingredients, and has good application value in health care functions such as improving immunity, relieving visual fatigue, and antioxidant, so it has been favored by researchers and consumers at home and abroad. At present, the application frequency of Lycium barharum L. in health food in China is relatively high, but there is a lack of systematic sorting and analysis. Based on this, this paper analyzes the application status, compliance and use basis, and influencing factors of the main functional components of Lycium barharum L. in China's health food, and discusses the main health functions and mechanisms of Lycium barharum L. in detail, in order to provide a certain reference and basis for the research, development and application of Lycium barharum L. in China's health food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food is vital to the people, and safety comes first in food. Food safety is crucial to people's livelihood, economic development, and social stability. It represents people's aspiration for a better life and grabs great public attention. In recent years, while China has achieved significant progress in food safety, the situation remains severe, with incidents such as excessive residues of agricultural and veterinary drugs, as well as illegal addition of toxic and harmful substances. As an important technical support for ensuring food safety, food safety inspection and testing institutions also exhibit a mixed bag of performance. Problems such as inadequate personnel management, improper use of facilities and equipment, weak legal awareness resulting in issuance of false reports have frequently occurred, seriously disrupting the normal order of the inspection and testing market and affecting the authority and accuracy of food safety testing. Based on the capacity verification of inspection and testing organizations in Zhejiang Province in recent years, this paper studies the typical problems faced by food inspection and testing institutions in terms of management level and testing capabilities, analyzes the root causes in depth, and proposes specific strategies from three aspects: Strengthening the main responsibility of inspection and testing institutions, combining regulatory departments with supervision and guidance, and enhancing industry self-discipline, aiming to continuously improve their inspection and testing capabilities, promote the high-quality development of food inspection and testing institutions, and effectively ensure the safety of every bite of food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pidan is an original traditional food in China, which has attracted extensive attention of researchers because of its unique color, fragrance, taste and functions of clearing heat, purging fire, reducing inflammation. Metallic compounds, alkali concentration, and temperature are important in the process of gel formation. Although many studies related to Pidan have been published, there is no systematic summary on the formation mechanism of gel and flavor profile. In this paper, the regulation mechanism of metal compounds in alkaline solutions, and the formation mechanism of gel, color, flavor profile, and Songhua are systematically and comprehensively reviewed to provide theoretical support for the production development and processing of Pidan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Geology & Exploration is the property of Xian Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the aggravation of population aging, the health of the elderly has become an important issue in the aging society. The Mediterranean diet (MD) contributes to healthy aging by changing dietary patterns to delay and prevent disease onset. This paper summarizes the concepts related to the MD pattern and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases, cognitive dysfunction, depression, chronic inflammation and other brain and heart comorbidity in the elderly, so as to provide thinking and reference for the optimization and upgrading of the elderly, and contribute to the development of healthy China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influence of box subgrade haunching on structural static characteristics of high-speed railway, a more reasonable box subgrade haunching method is found. In this paper, the box subgrade is divided into independent components, and the reinforcement mode of each independent component is calculated through static analysis. ABAQUS software is used for numerical simulation. In view of the stress concentration phenomenon at the connection node between the top plate and the vertical plate of the box subgrade structure, the influence of different haunching heights and angles of the triangular haunch on the stress concentration at the node is studied by using the control variable method, and the optimal haunching mode is proposed to optimize the static characteristics of the box subgrade structure. The analysis results show that when the fixed axillary height is 400 mm and the axillary angle is between 15° ~ 60°, the stress mutation reduction ratio Sr value decreases with the increase of axillary angle; When the axillary angle is between 60° ~ 75°, the Sr value increases with the increase of the axillary angle, and the optimal axillary angle is between 45° ~ 60°. When the axillary angle is fixed at 60°, the Sr value decreases as the axillary length increases, and the optimal axillary length is between 300 ~ 400 mm. The determination of the reinforcement mode and the optimal haunching mode of the box type subgrade is innovative to a certain extent, and provides valuable technical experience for the research of structural optimization of box type Subgrade of high-speed railway in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prefabricated dishes are an effective carrier for the foodization of agricultural products, which is an industry that is gradually moving towards a trillion-level market scale, playing an important role in ensuring food security. The prefabricated dishes industry develops modern agriculture with the concept of industrialization, promotes the further agglomeration and development of upstream and downstream supporting enterprises in the agricultural industry chain, which is the link connecting the primary, secondary and tertiary industries and the endogenous driving force to promote their innovation and development, and is an important bridge connecting the integrated development of multiple industrial chains such as production and sales between rural and urban areas. This paper introduced the development status of the prefabricated dishes industry, analyzed the problems facing by the prefabricated dishes, predicted the future development trend, and made a suggestion for the future development of the prefabricated dishes industry, so as to provide reference for the healthy and sustainable development of the prefabricated dishes industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the quality and reduce the loss of the nutritional content of camellia oil with the traditional press, this paper studied the process of pressing Camellia Oleifera Seeds with 10t/d Twin-Screw Oil Press. The results demonstrated that the best conditions for this article were: 9% moisture content of Camellia Oleifera seed kernels and 8% content of Camellia oleifera seed shell. The oil content of Camellia oleifera seed cake was reduced to 2.49%, and the produced camellia oil could meet the standard of first -class oil. In comparison to the camellia oil sold on the market, the retention rate of α-tocopherol in the camellia oil obtained through this process was higher, and the nutritional value of camellia oil has been further improved, which could provide technical guidance for the high-value processing of camellia oil in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat starch is the main business material in wheat. It has a variety of functional characteristics and broad development and utilization prospects. This article is based on a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of wheat starch patent literature. For global patent output, the current patent situation of wheat starch is clarified from many aspects such as distribution, time latitude, and patent applicants in the technical field. We focus on analyzing the public trend of patents in China, revealing the development trend of wheat starch industry in China. At present, the research on the impact of wheat starch has been slower than before, and the development trend is stable. The research institutions are mainly domestic; however, the industrialization of wheat starch is lacking in the industrialization of the application of the application of wheat starch. There is still a large room for the industrialization of wheat starch in many fields. In this paper, the functional properties of wheat starch, such as gelatinization, retrogradation, freeze-thaw stability and gel property were summarized. According to the functional characteristics of wheat starch, the quality of wheat starch-based food was improved to broaden the development channel of wheat starch. On this basis, this article proposes the potential direction and industrialization of wheat starch industrialization and industrialization, so as to provide scientific basis for discovering the value of wheat starch and the use of development of wheat starch in various aspects of my country's wheat starch [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green and sustainable development of irrigated agriculture and protec tion of agricultural biodiversity are the inevitable require -ments for the construction of modern irrigated districts in China. However, in order to ensure the efficient utilization of irrigation water, the construction of irrigation channels has been dominated by hard engineering, which has caused the loss and fragmentation of amphibian habitat, and the damage for ecological environment of the irrigation districts. The construction of amphibian corridors in irrigation channels is an important way to improve the connectivity of agricultural landscape and the migration efficiency of frogs in farmland. This paper innovatively applies the hydraulic characteristics of curved channels to the research on ecological channels, builds the curved irrigation channel models, conducts numerical simulation experiment, analyzes the trajectory of frogs at the curved irrigation channels, proposes the design of engineered modifications to allow frogs to escape from field concrete ditches. To evaluate the effects of engineered modification on the effectiveness of frog-ways and the water transfer efficiency of irrigation channels, the paper compares the water flow pattern and calculates the head oss. By carrying out numerical simulation tests, the paper obtains the flow movement law of the concrete-lined irrigation channels with different bend angles, and the flow dynamic axis and velocity distribution are compared. As a result, the slow flow zone and the transverse circulation are found. The locations suitable for amphibian corridors to be built vary when the curvature of the curve changes. The numerical simulation and head loss calculation results show that the amphibian corridors in the bend has no obvious influence on flow pattern and water transfer efficiency, and the head loss in bend is about 3.83X10"4 m, which can ensure the safe and unobstructed water flow. This study is expected to provide a scientific reference and technical support for the ecological reconstruction of end irrigation channel systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rock & Mineral Analysis is the property of Editorial Board of Rock & Mineral Analysis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] Intermittent irrigation has become an important water-saving irrigation method to conserve water and improve rice yield in southern China. This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the combined effect of intermittent irrigation and silicon fertilization at different stages on rice growth and yield, to find the optimal timing for silicon fertilization. [Method] The experiment was conducted in a field with the Jinyuan 85 variety used as the experimental plant. There were six silicon applications: no silicon fertilizer (CK), applying silicon fertilizer at tillering stage (F1), jointing stage (F2), booting stage (F3), heading stage (F4), or blooming and filling period (F5). Growth traits and yield of the rice in each treatment were measured. [Result] Silicon fertilizer application combined with intermittent irrigation not only promoted rice growth and development, but also improved its yield and water use efficiency. Compared with CK, silicon fertilization increased leaf area index, dry matter, yield, and irrigation water use efficiency of the rice by 1.15% to 11.36%, 9.17% to 24.24%, 2.05% to 8.63%, and 2.16% to 8.63%, respectively, depending on fertilization timing. The best effect was observed when the silicon fertilizer was applied at the tillering stage. [Conclusion] Combining intermittent irrigation with silicon fertilization can promote rice growth and development, thereby improving yield and irrigation water use efficiency of the rice. For the Jinyuan 85 variety studied in this paper, the optimal timing for silicon fertilization is at the tillering stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency is the property of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency is the property of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The commercialization of herbicide resistant oilseed rape is a revolutionary breakthrough in rape weeding technology. However, the high affinity between rapeseed and its relative weeds offers an effective way for the herbicide resistant genes (HRGs) to immigrate into weedy relatives' genomes, which made the potential ecological risks associated with the commercialization of HRGs in rapeseed into continuous concerning. In this paper, the types of current commercial herbicide resistant rapeseed and their resistance mechanisms were listed, and the possible mechanisms of HRG flow from rapeseed were summarized from two aspects: first, the genetic and non-genetic factors affecting the transfer of HRGs between rapeseed and its relatives were analyzed; the second is to analyze the possibility of the persistence of resistance genes in relatives' genome by the fitness comparison. Further, the risk differences between HRGs locating on different sub-genomes in rapeseed were compared, and the comprehensive control technology of resistant weeds was summarized. Combined with the cultivation situation of rapeseed in China, the suggestions for the safe commercial application of herbicide resistant rapeseed in the future and the urgent problems in the field of ecological risk of herbicide resistant rapeseed were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective The Haihe River plays a pivotal role in supporting various industrial and agricultural sectors in northern China. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of its environmental security and coordinated development to identify factors that influence environmental security most. Method The analysis was based on the pressure-state-response model, from which we proposed an improved comprehensive and systematic indicator system, including indicators that have been neglected, such as biodiversity and non-conventional water sources. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to assess the water environmental security, and the entropy weight method and principal component analysis method were used to calculate the weights. A dynamic ternary-coupled coordination degree model was used to analyze the dynamic coupling and quantitatively calculate the coordination of the subsystem of pressure, state, and response. The key factors affecting water environmental security were identified through comprehensive consideration of the contribution rate and elasticity of the indicators. Result From 2009 to 2020, water nvironmental security in the basin had gradually improved, experiencing a transition from primary-coupling to advanced coupling. During this period, the coordinated development level decreased first followed by an increase. The deviation from the coordination had increased from 22.8 to 24.0, except in 2020 in which it fell to 17.3. The security of primary indicators had increased in all levels, among which the state indicator improved most significantly, despite still in relatively dangerous status. The secondary indicators had different influences on water environment security, among which the increase in population and urbanization had the most detrimental effect. Ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the basin had been greatly reduced, but water quality in some parts of the basin were still category I-III, with potential to grow further. Increasing the use of non-conventional water sources can improve water environmental security. Conclusion In medium and long term, water environmental security in the basin can be improved by reducing the discharge of pollutants such as COD, BOD-5, and permanganate. Increasing use of desalinated seawater and rainwater collection, as well as storage capacity of green landscape can also improve water environmental security. It is crucial to maintaining and enhancing biodiversity and vegetation coverage to reduce water and nutrient losses to improve water security in the basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Water sourced from the Yellow River in China, which has been extensively used for irrigation in the northern irrigation districts of the country, is characterized by high sediment content. This paper aims to investigate the influence of sediment particle size distribution on water infiltration under surge irrigation. Method The infiltration tests encompassed four treatments with sediment content being 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%, respectively. Each sediment treatment included four particle gradings labeled as A, B, C, and D, respectively. In each infiltration test, we meticulously measured both the infiltration rate and the variation in infiltration over time. Result The relationship between cumulative infiltration and time can be described by the Philip and Kostiakov models, regardless of sediment content and particle grading. As the number of irrigation cycles increased, the parameters K and α in the Kostiakov model, as well as the parameters S and A in the Philip model, all exhibited a declining trend. Conclusion In comparison to the infiltration of clean water, the infiltration depth of sedimentwater was inversely related to the presence of physically cohesive particles. Conversely, when the infiltration depth was the same, soil water content was negatively correlated to the quantity of physically cohesive particles in the water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Nitrogen loss from soils is a pervasive environmental issue facing agricultural production in many countries. In this paper, we studied the combined effect of rainfall and fertilization on nitrogen loss via surface runoff from paddy fields in attempts to improve nitrogen management and reduce the nonpoint source pollution of rice production in Southern China. Method The experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2021 in a paddy field in Zhejiang province. It consisted of four nitrogen treatments: conventional nitrogen fertilization (N18), reduced nitrogen fertilization (N15), organic fertilization (OF). Without fertilization was the control. In the experiment, we measured surface runoff, total nitrogen concentration in the surface runoff. The rainfall data were obtained from a weather station on the experimental site. Result Annual rainfall and annual nitrogen loss were closely correlated, but linear regression analysis showed that daily rainfall and total nitrogen did not correlate significantly. Considering the delay between rainfall and nitrogen loss vial the surface runoff can make piecewise average daily rainfall positively correlated to nitrogen loss, with the regression coefficient ≥0.36. The effect of fertilization on nitrogen loss from the runoff was ranked in the order of N18>N15>OF>CK. Structural equation showed that, when considering the delay between rainfall and nitrogen loss, the piecewise average daily rainfall, the runoff volume, rainfall interval, the interval between rainfall and fertilization, fertilization amount, and fertilizer types were the factors affecting nitrogen loss, with their standardized total effect being 0.264, -0.126, 0.078, 0.033, and -0.038, respectively. The rainfall affected nitrogen loss more than the fertilization, and the piecewise average daily rainfall and rainfall interval were key factors affecting nitrogen loss. Conclusion For rice-wheat rotation cultivation in Zhejiang Province, a short rainfall interval affected nitrogen loss via surface runoff from paddy fields more than an increase in rainfall. Applying organic fertilizer in the wet season can reduce nitrogen loss from the runoff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Soil nitrogen and groundwater table are two abiotic factors affecting crop growth in the middle and low reaches of the Yangtze River in Southern China. This paper aims to investigate the combined impact of nitrogen fertilization and controlled drainage on growth, nitrogen uptake and yield of cotton. Method The variety Jinghua Mian 112 was used as the model plant, and the experiment consisted of two drainage treatments: conventional drainage (FKS) and controlled drainage (KS). Each irrigation had five nitrogen treatments: applying 0 (N0), 90 (N1), 180 (N2), 270 (N3) and 360 kg/hm2 (N4) of nitrogen. In each treatment, we measured the leaf SPAD at fertility stage, plant height and leaves at blooming stage, dry matter accumulation in different organs at maturity stage, as well as nitrogen uptake, and yield of the cotton. Result Compared with FKS, controlled drainage combined with a reduction in nitrogen application significantly increased leaf SPAD and plant height at flowering stage, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake at maturity stage, boll numbers per plant, boll weight per boll and yield at maturity stage. Reducing nitrogen application without implementing controlled drainage reduced cotton yield, while under controlled drainage, reducing nitrogen application from N4 to N3 did not give rise to a noticeable reduction in cotton yield. KS+N3 increased the dry matter mass, nitrogen uptake per unit dry matter, and total nitrogen uptake in the bud and boll, significantly. Conclusion Reducing nitrogen application currently used by farmers by 25% combined with a controlled drainage is not only beneficial to cotton growth and promotes dry matter accumulation, but also increases nitrogen uptake and its subsequent allocation to reproductive organs, thereby increasing cotton yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective The decrease in available water resources for agriculture in the South of China has made developing water-saving irrigation essential for rice production. This paper investigates the impact of an improved irrigation method on growth and water use of conventional rice and hybrid rice. Method The experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2020 in plots within a paddy field in the Irrigation Experimental Station of Jiaxing Pinghu in Zhejiang province. The rice varieties Xiushui 134 (conventional) and Yongyou 9 (hybrid) were used as the model plants. They were irrigated by conventional flooding irrigation and thin-water film irrigation by keeping the topsoil just saturated. In each treatment, we measured the leaf area index, total dry matter, root growth, grain yield, and water demand and consumption of each rice variety. Result Water demand and consumption of both rice varieties under thin-water film irrigation were lower than that under flooding irrigation (P<0.01). Under flooding irrigation, water demand and consumption of both varieties during their whole growth period increased with the increase in precipitation, albeit the conventional rice consumed slightly less water than the hybrid variety (P>0.05). Compared with conventional flooding irrigation, thin-water film irrigation reduced average daily water consumption by 22.6%-59.5%, with the hybrid rice consuming 1.3%-3.0% more water than the conventional variety. Compared with flooding irrigation, thin-water film irrigation increased average rice yield by 1.7%, especially the hybrid variety whose yield was 31.9% higher than that of the conventional variety. Thin-water film irrigation reduced water consumption by 30.1%-35.0%, in addition to its significant increase in WUEI and WUEET. Due to the difference in yield between the two varieties, there was an interactive effect between the irrigation method and rice variety, with their WUEI, WUEP and WUEET differing significantly.Conclusion The thin water-film irrigation was effective to increase the development of leaf area and dry matter accumulation, especially for the hybrid variety. Water demand and consumption of both varieties were affected not only by annual precipitation and evaporation, but also by irrigation method, though no significant difference was found between the two varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the spillway tunnel radial gate structure of Baihetan Hydropower Station with large width and height ratio, this paper uses the first horizontal three-arm hidden radial gate type in China. The multi-factor analysis of key design parameters, such as the placement of the three arms, the unit stiffness ratio of the main beam to the arm, and the finite element numerical calculation verification under multiple load conditions are adopted. The optimal arm length and unit stiffness ratio of the radial gate of Baihetan spillway tunnel are determined. Furthermore, the force distribution of the horizontal three-arm radial gate is optimized, which effectively guarantees the bearing safety of the civil structure under the huge discharge. The results show that the optimal arm length and unit stiffness ratio in Baihetan are 2.5 m and 10.7 based on the criteria for determining the length and unit stiffness ratio of the three lateral arms on the basis of the sensitivity analysis of multi-factor parameters. The main calculated stress of the optimized radial gate structure is less than 145 MPa, and the maximum calculated combined displacement is less than 15 mm, both of which meet the requirements of strength and stiffness. The key technology of horizontal three-arm radial gate is researched and established, which can provide technical support for the safe operation of spillway tunnel with super width-to-height ratio orifice and super large discharge volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By solving the problems such as the shortage of drainage power in inland rivers and the difficulty of construction land, the integrated gate pump with compact structure and small floor area has received much attention. Among them, the integrated gate pump with larger diameter has a short application time and few examples in China. This paper takes the Salt River Pump Gate Project as the background, uses the three-dimensional parametric calculation model, carries on the design optimization analysis of the door blade thickness, the plate thickness and other parameters, and the reinforcement analysis of the weak parts of the wall pipe and web. At the same time, the key problems such as vibration and anticorrosion of the gate pump are analyzed and demonstrated. The results show that the thickness of the door blade should not increase too much, and the panel and web structure with large separation should be properly strengthened at the same time to control the resonance frequency domain. When the ratio of gate width to height is less than 0.6 and the ratio of the pump outer diameter to gate width is close to 0.5, the plate thickness combination in the range of 12-16 mm should be used. Transverse, longitudinal and diagonal ribs should be considered at the same time for wall pipe reinforcement. Through a dynamic simulation analysis, the design of Salt River Pump Gate can avoid the resonance of the integrated pump gate, and has a certain safety margin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Earthquake Sciences is the property of China Earthquake Administration, Institute of Geophysics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Coal Geology & Exploration is the property of Xian Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the continuous development of economy and society, great changes have taken place in the national water intake situation. In order to adapt to the requirements of high-quality development of water resources management in the new situation and respond to the needs of building a smart water digital twin data base, the construction of the national water resources monitoring and measurement system needs to be strengthened. As the main water intake form in China at this stage, it is necessary to study the technical methods to improve its monitoring and measurement capacity. This paper investigates and studies the data of more than 5.5 million water intakes nationwide collected in 2021 by combining field investigation and data collection. From the national and typical provincial levels, the current situation of water intake monitoring and metering is analyzed according to different water intake scales, water intake purposes, water intake projects, monitoring and metering facilities and water transmission type, and the comparison and selection of monitoring and metering facilities, improvement of monitoring accuracy. Technical methods are proposed to improve the stability and durability of monitoring, improve the application of system platform functions, and promote the improvement of pipeline type water intake monitoring and metering capacity. The research shows that: ➀ The number and distribution of water intakes across the country are significant. The number of water intakes is huge and the spatial distribution is uneven. There are many water intakes in the north, mainly groundwater intakes, and few water intakes in the south, mainly surface water intakes. ➁ The national water intake monitoring and metering work should be further strengthened. At this stage, the focus should be on improving the pipeline type water intake monitoring and metering capacity. The monitoring and metering methods and facilities used are different due to different conditions such as water intake scale, water intake scene and water intake purpose. The error, environmental adaptability, measurement cost, advantages and disadvantages and unique application scenarios of different monitoring and measurement facilities are quite different. ➂ The monitoring and metering lifting of pipeline type water intakes is a comprehensive task. It is necessary to comprehensively improve the monitoring and metering capacity of the water intake from four aspects: metering accuracy, stability and durability, system platform application capability, and the introduction of relevant technical standards. The research findings provide an important basic data reference for comprehensively understanding the current situation of water intake monitoring and metering in China, a technical reference for improving the monitoring and metering capacity of pipeline water intakes, and a technical support for the next step of water intake supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)