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Objective The increase in atmospheric CO2 and the associated global warming is expected to affect plant growth and development. This paper investigates the spatiotemporal variation in vegetation phenological traits and peak NDVI of plants in Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia. [Method] The analysis was based on MOD13Q1 data from 2001 to 2021. The impact of climatic factors on spatiotemporal variation in the start of season SOS, the end of season (EOS), the length of season (LOS), the peak of season (POS), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the vegetations in the region was analyzed using the two-logistic and four-parameter model. [Result] The SOS started from the end of May to the middle of June, and ended from the middle of September to the beginning of October. The annual peak LOS and POS ranged from 95 to 116 days, and from 200 to 220 days, respectively. The annual peak NDVI ranged from 0.5-0.7. Climate change delayed the onset of SOS, reduced LOS, and elevated peak NDVI. Additionally, the delayed SOS contributed to the decrease in LOS. The changes in EOS and POS with climate were consistent. SOS, EOS and POS were negatively correlated to temperature and positively correlated to precipitation. The peak NDVI was positively correlated to temperature and precipitation. [Conclusion] The vegetation phenology and peak NDVI in the Hetao Irrigation District were spatially heterogeneous, and the impact of climatic factors on them also varied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] A pre-planting border irrigation in spring coupled with a drip irrigation in summer during crops growth season is an irrigation technique to reduce soil salinity and safeguard crops growth in the salt-affected soils in the Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia. This paper investigates the impact of different combinations of irrigation amounts in the dual irrigations on changes in soil water and salt, as well as the growth of sunflower. [Method] The field experiment compared two spring (S) irrigation amounts: 95 mm and 135 mm, and three summer (W) irrigation amounts: 68, 100 mm and 135 mm. In each treatment, we measured the spatiotemporal changes in soil water and salt, as well as crop growth characteristics. [Result] ① The soil water content in the S135W135 treatment was the highest among all treatments during the experimental period, with the average soil water content and saturation being 17.10% and 75.53%, respectively. The coefficient of variation of soil water content in the S95W135 treatment was 22.40%, the lowest among all treatments. ② Depending on the summer irrigation amount, the desalination rate of the 0-80 cm soil layer under S135 and S95 varied from 32.64% to 50.50% and 21.8% to 38.87%, respectively. Although the spring irrigation amounts did not significantly affect immediate post-irrigation salt content, the S135W100 and S95W135 combinations showed deeper leaching depths and higher desalination rates (40.77% and 33.37%, respectively) than other treatments. ③ Aboveground dry matter production was significantly higher in the S95W135 and S135W100 combinations than in other combinations, surpassing the S135W135 combination by 10.55% and 9.94%, respectively. The S135W100 combination achieved the highest water use efficiency at 21.59%, an increase of 13.03% compared to S135W135. [Conclusion] Reducing spring irrigation by 30% to 95 mm combined with a summer drip irrigation of 135 mm is the most efficient irrigation scheme for sunflower cultivation in the salt-affected soils in the Hetao Irrigation District. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The winter cold stress of dairy cows has become one of the important problems affecting the healthy development of animal husbandry. Cold stress will lead to the decrease of feed intake, milk yield and reproductive performance of dairy cows, and seriously harm the economic benefits of dairy farmers. Inner Mongolia is located in a cold region, where animals are in a cold environment for a long time, and the impact of cold stress is more common. In order to more specifically understand the effects of cold stress on the production performance of dairy cows, the paper reviews the effects of cold stress on the behavior, milk yield, neuroendocrine, biochemical indexes, immune, antioxidant function, intestinal flora and other aspects of dairy cows, and summarizes the effective prevention and control measures to prevent cold stress of dairy cows, to provide reference for further research on the prevention and relief of cold stress in dairy cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roadway mine pressure monitoring is one of the important means to ensure the safe and efficient mining of coal mines. However, the traditional monitoring methods have the disadvantages including lack of systematim, low accuracy, poor reliability, and difficulty in networking. In this paper, by using the grating sensor as a monitoring method, a roadway mine pressure grating monitoring system including roof separation, bolt stress, surrounding rock stress and bolt load monitoring was systematically designed and develop, to solve the shortcomings of current monitoring methods. Firstly, taking the 81303 return airway of a coal mine in Inner Mongolia as the research object, the stress distribution law of the two coal pillars was clarified by numerical simulation, and the optimal measuring point layout scheme of the roadway was determined. Secondly, the overall framwork of the roadway mine pressure grating monitoring system was built, and the design and research of the system hardware configuration and monitoring software were carried out to realize the real-time online monitoring and data processing of the roadway mine pressure. In addition, the industrial application test shows that the mine pressure law obtained by the system is generally consistent with those from the traditional method, and the relative error of the monitoring parameters is up to 1.16%, which verifies the effectiveness and adaptability of the mine pressure grating monitoring system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]