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With the increasing global burden of various cancer, an abundance of papers emerged every year in the research hotspots of oncology, covering a wide range of research types and topics. In order to facilitate interested readers to quickly grasp the frontier and hotspots of cancer research, it would be helpful to sort out and summarize the research topic in a timely manner. According to the classification of disciplines, we screened the Essential Science Indicators (ESI) hot papers released in 2019 for the ones in the oncology field, utilized methods such as bibliometrics, statistical description, hierarchical induction, analysis and interpretation to further reveal the context and characteristics of research in the field of oncology, summarized the latest progresses and future directions in the field, and provided information and hints for the trajectory of future research. A total of 549 papers were included, which were mainly from the field of clinical medicine; the country with the most publications was the United States, while China ranked the fourth in terms of contribution; the research institution with the highest number of published papers was University of Texas system; N Engl J Med published the most papers, with contribution also from highly influential journals in the field of oncology such as Lancet Oncol , J Clin Oncol , JAMA Oncol and Cancer Discov . Oncology remained the most popular research topic in the medical research and spanned a wide spectrum of sub-topics. In this study, we demonstrated and sorted out research frontiers in the field of oncology in 12 different research directions including the basic cancer research, cancer epidemiology, and various tumors types related to different systems and organs.

With the heavier burden of cardiovascular disease, an abundance of papers emerge every year in the research hotspots, which cover a wide range of types and content. In order to let readers interested in the cardiovascular field quickly understand the research hotspots and research frontier, it is necessary to sort out and summarize the research topic in time. According to the discipline classification, we screened papers in cardiovascular field from the Essential Science Indicators (ESI) hot papers published in 2019. Methods such as bibliometrics, statistical description, hierarchical induction, analysis and interpretation were used a step further to reveal the context and characteristics of research in the field of cardiovascular diseases, summarize the latest progress and development direction in this field, and provide information and hints for the expansion of future research directions. A total of 297 papers were finally included, which were mainly in the field of clinical medicine; The country with the most publications was the United States, while China ranked the fifth in terms of contribution; the research institution with the highest number of published papers was Harvard University; the New England Journal of Medicine ( NEJM ) has published the most papers, with contribution also from journals such as Circulation , Europe Heart Journal , JAMA , and Lancet . All the papers were categorized into disease burden, disease risk, drug treatment, device treatment and surgical treatment, clinical diagnosis, basic research and others, so as to review and summarize the research front in the field of cardiovascular diseases.

The international community has paid increasing attention to the prevention and control of ecological environment and health risks. Up to now, the development of green alternative technologies and materials, control of new pollutants, and the prevention and control of ecological environment risks in the whole service life of chemicals have become the focus of ecological environment management and research in developed countries. To promote the substitution of toxic and harmful chemicals in China, this paper systematically sorts out the evaluation methods of alternatives for environmental design in the United States, and elaborates the evaluation indicators, classification standards, data sources, as well as the principles and steps of alternative evaluation. In addition, this paper summarizes and analyzes the reference value of the evaluation methods of alternatives for environmental design in the United States from the perspective of new pollutants control in China. This study can provide references for the establishment of green alternative technology and assessment system of new pollutants in the environmental management of toxic and harmful chemicals and the control of new pollutants in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment / Nongye Ziyuan yu Huanjing Xuebao is the property of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Skin microbiome is closely related to skin health. It plays an important role in maintaining skin health, resisting the invasion of foreign microorganisms and participating in skin tissue metabolism. It also provides ideas for the research and development of skin therapeutic drugs and skin care products. In recent years, the literatures on skin microecology are increasing year by year. With the help of literature measurement method and knowledge map visualization software VOSviewer, this paper made quantitative statistics and comparative analysis on the distribution trend, distribution volume of major countries, distribution institutions and research topics from 2010 to 2022. The results show that in recent years, the research in the field of skin microecology has attracted worldwide attention. Its research topics mainly include "skin diseases caused by microecological imbalance and the relationship, pathogenesis and mechanism between some skin diseases and skin microorganisms", "skin problems caused by harmful flora", "diversity of skin microorganisms and influencing factors of colonization", and "genetic correlation of skin microbial community". The majority researches focus on the imbalance of skin microecology and the diversity of skin microorganisms. Then, the differences in research fields between China and the United States are analyzed and compared. The United States researchers mainly focus on the technical means of skin microorganisms, and the Chinese mainly focus on the research of three skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Academic Library & Information Science is the property of Anhui University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

National park roads and parkways is an important part of national parks in the United States. The road is integrated with national parks, which is the characteristics and brand image of national parks. National park roads and parkways is not only an important means of transportation in national parks, but also a tourist attraction and destination. For tourists, driving on the national park roads and parkways means visiting the national parks. The development of national park roads and parkways embodies the integration of road engineering and aesthetics, philosophy, recreation, ecology and other disciplines, promotes the transformation of road from a single traffic function to a complex function of recreation, landscape, culture and protection, highlights the gorgeous landscape and imaginative engineering alignment, and also shows how to provide diversified recreational opportunities in protecting priceless natural and cultural resources to achieve a balance between environmental protection and public tourists. This paper makes a thorough analysis of the development process of American national park roads and parkways in the past hundred years from the aspects of concepts, development background, construction idea, development measures, management system, financial support and construction practice, and summarizes the development experience and enlightenment. The conclusion is to grasp the law of national park roads and parkways development in essence. From this point of view, the paper puts forward some suggestions for the development of China's national park roads and parkways. These studies are of great theoretical value and practical significance to the flourishing development of China's national parks, national park roads and parkways, tourist scenic byways and tourist highways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Given that college students' life purposes could reflect their moral orientation. This paper aims to conduct a comparative study on the moral orientation and impact factors of life purpose between Chinese and American college students. A total of 379 college students were randomly selected and "Rank 1 Purpose" Survey taken from "Stanford Youth Purpose" Survey was administered in this study, whose data was analyzed with ANOVA. The results showed that a certain number of Chinese and American students possessed an altruistic life purpose. The moral orientation of Chinese students' life purpose was significantly influenced by gender and source of origin, with male students and students from rural areas likely to have altruistic life purposes. However, the moral orientation of American students' life purpose was not affected by their demographic background of this paper selected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer is the property of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Library & Information Science Research is the property of Library Association of the Republic of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

" Acupuncture Anesthesia in the People's Republic of China： A Trip Report of the American Acupuncture Anesthesia Study Group " ( Report for short) is the first extraterritorial systematic investigation and evaluation report in the history of acupuncture anesthesia in China. After Report was released to the public, it has not drawn much attention in China. At the moment when acupuncture anesthesia is extended to perioperative treatment, by reviewing the Report , the differences in understanding acupuncture anesthesia were analyzed from a foreign perspective. Report involves the clinical observation of surgery under acupuncture anesthesia, the analysis on the factors of acupuncture anesthesia in therapeutic effects and the relevant mechanisms, and the differences in the research methods and foci on the recognition of acupuncture anesthesia between China and foreign countries. In association with the development of acupuncture anesthesia during the past 65 years and the conclusion in Report , the paper briefly describes the development and perfection of acupuncture anesthesia, the historical verification to the conclusions in Report and the limitations in modern acupuncture anesthesia. It provides some inspiration for the development of acupuncture anesthesia, acupuncture-moxibustion medicine and life science in the future.

With the rapid development of synthetic biology, lots of synthetic biology technology achievements in various application fields have been commercialized, generating broad market prospects. The commercialization of products employing synthetic biology technology (hereinafter referred as synthetic biology products) has brought benefits to human beings, but it has also produced potential safety risks. At present, relevant laws and standards for regulation of biotechnology or genetically modified organisms have been adopted to regulate the safety risks of commercialization of synthetic biology products (CSBP). However, due to the complexity and uncertainty of synthetic biology, the safety risks of CSBP cannot be comprehensively regulated by these laws and standards. Therefore, it is of great significance to formulate specific supervision and management measures for regulating the safety risks of CSBP. This paper summarized the situation of CSBP in the fields of food, medical care, agriculture, environment, energy and materials, analyzed the safety risks existing in the CSBP, and sorted out current supervision situation of its safety risks in European countries, United States, as well as in China. We further proposed suggestions on the safety supervision and management measures on the safety risks of CSBP, including classified examination and approval, classified identification of products, and strict screening and approval of market entities before entering the market, and strengthening safety supervision and emergency treatment as well as accident responsibility investigation after entering the market. This whole-process safety regulation might provide support for the safety of CSBP and promote the healthy and long-term development of synthetic biology industry.

The early period of Sino-American communication in Chinese materia medica referred to the historical period from the 17th century, European trade overseas and the frequent communication of missionaries, to 1848 when gold prospectors from China travelled to America. This paper reviewed and examined the three historical events in this period : the spread, trade, and introduction of tea; the first edition of the United States Pharmacopoeia and its collection of Chinese medicines and preparations; and the discovery and trade of American ginseng hoping to explore the basic historical facts of the spread and exchange of Chinese medicine between China and America in the early period. The paper explored these historical factors, provided effective references for developing cooperation in public health between China and America and the start of the constructing of a Global Community of Health for All.

Objective: To analyze the literature on electric burns published at home and abroad, and to explore the research hotspots and frontiers of electric burns. Methods: The bibliometric method was used. The Chinese and English literature related to electric burns published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, VIP database and the core collection of Web of Science database from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022 were searched respectively, and the CiteSpace 6.2.R2 software was used for analysis. The number of papers, authors, countries, and institutions of Chinese and English literature were counted respectively, and the co-occurrence analysis of keywords and mutation analysis and cluster analysis on the basis of the co-occurrence analysis were conducted, besides, the clustering time line figure was obtained after the keywords were sorted by time to explore the current research status and the evolution process of hotspots in the field of electric burns. Results: A total of 398 English papers were retrieved from the core collection of Web of Science database, and a total of 523 Chinese papers were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and VIP database after duplicate check. From 2013 to 2022, the number of English literature published in the field of electric burns showed a steadily upward trend, and the number of published Chinese literature showed a downward trend and tended to be stable. In Chinese literature, a total of 302 authors as the first author published papers related to electric burns, with 17 core authors published ≥3 papers; in English literature, a total of 320 authors as the first author published papers related to electric burns. Researches on electric burns were carried out in 65 countries, with United States having the most cooperation with other countries and the largest number of papers published. A total of 512 institutions at home and abroad published papers related to electric burns, and the institutions with the largest number of Chinese and English papers were Shanghai Electric Power Hospital in China ( n =14) and Hallym University in Korea ( n =11), respectively. A total of 1 176 Chinese keywords and 1 068 English keywords were included for co-occurrence analysis after excluding keywords related to the searching words. The top three keywords in frequency in Chinese literature were surgical flap, wound repair, and nursing, and the top three keywords in frequency in English literature were management, epidemiology, and children. Ten clusters were obtained by keyword analysis in Chinese literature, and the largest cluster was wound healing, followed by clinical effects and surgical flaps. Seven clusters were obtained by keyword analysis in English literature, and the largest cluster was reconstructive surgical procedures, followed by chronic pain and shock. The persistent clusters in Chinese literature were wound healing and clinical outcomes, etc., and the prominent nodes in the recent two years were surgical timing, limb electric burns, and hypertrophic scars; the persistent clusters in English literature were reconstructive surgical procedures and chronic pain, etc., and the prominent nodes in the recent two years were predictors and burn management, etc. In Chinese literature, the keyword with the longest duration of mutation (2017-2021) was wrist electric burns, and the keyword with the highest intensity of mutation was flap repair; in English literature, the keyword with the longest duration of the mutation (2019-2022) was voltage, and the keyword with the highest intensity of mutation was prevention. Conclusions: There are similarities and differences in the research directions and hotspots of electric burns at home and abroad. Surgical flap repair is a common research hotspot at home and abroad. At present, domestic research focuses on wound healing, wrist electric burns, and other aspects, while international research focuses on treatment management, epidemiology, reconstruction, and other aspects.

This study aims to summarize the research hotspots of Hedysari Radix and predict the research trend with bibliometric methods, which is expected to serve as a reference for future research. CiteSpace V 5.8.R2 was employed for visualization of the number, authors, author affiliations, journals, funds, and keywords of the Chinese and English articles on Hedysari Radix in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and Web of Science(WOS) from 2001 to 2021. A total of 693 Chinese articles and 167 English articles were finally included. According to the knowledge map, most of the articles were from China and the authors from China had a close cooperation with the related institutions in the United States and Australia. Gansu University of Chinese Medicine(288) and Lanzhou University(151) respectively came out on top of the author affiliations in the number of Chinese and English articles. The journals were mainly about Chinese medicine, mainly including Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Papers(191 in Chinese and 60 in English) funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China were the most. Keyword analysis suggested that the main research directions were pharmacological action and mechanism, component analysis, content determination, and industrialization of medicinal materials of Hedysari Radix and that the research hotspots were the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications, tumors, myocardial injury, liver fibrosis and other diseases with active components such as polysaccharides, ultrafiltrate, formononetin, and calycosin. The targets, signaling pathways, and genes related to the anti-tumor, heart protection, prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications, and regulation of immunity should be further studied.

Through literature search in regular database and official websites of relevant countries, this paper combs and summarizes the main characteristics of disease prevention and control systems in five countries, the United States, Germany, South Korea, Australia and Japan, and the European Union at key levels including legal construction, organizational structure, financing, personnel construction and international cooperation, in order to provide decision support for the construction of disease prevention and control system in China in the future.

Objective: To analyze the research status of ground-level ozone pollution, explore research trends and hot spots, and provide references for future research on air pollution. Methods: Papers on ground-level ozone pollution research published before December 31, 2019 had been retrieved in SCI-E database of the "Web of Science Core Collection" in January 2020. The retrieval strategies were set as follows: TS= ( ("Tropospheric Ozone" OR "Low Level Ozone" OR "Ground Level Ozone") AND ("Air pollution*" OR "Air quality") ) . The survey included 2084 articles. By using bibliometric research and visual analysis tools, the research status of global ground-level ozone pollution was revealed from the aspects of time, discipline, journal, financing, institution, country and key words. Results: Cumulative publications increased in a cubic function of y =0.05 x (3)+0.80 x (2)+0.74 x +4.55 ( R (2)=0.999, P <0.01) . The most studied subject was Environmental sciences ecology (1401 articles, 67.23%) . Atmospheric Environment was the journal with the most articles (332 articles, 15.93%) . The United States was the country with the most publications (44.67%, 931/2084) , while China ranked second (17.13%, 357/2084) . 80.39% (287/357) of Chinese papers had funding information. Among the top 10 research institutions, 7 and 2 were affiliated to the United States and China respectively. Source apportionment and human health were high frequency keywords that had appeared in the last 5 years. Conclusion: The research on ground-level ozone pollution is in a good period of development. The United States has a leading position in this area, and China has a good prospect in this field. Pollution source apportionment and human health effects are new research directions.

Objective: To explored the progress of intensive care unit (ICU) delirium between 2010 and 2020 based on knowledge visualization analysis., Methods: The literatures related to ICU delirium included in Web of Sciences (WOS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases from 2010 to 2020 were collected. A bibliometric analysis was performed. The growth trend was showed by Excel 2019 software. The information about country, institution and author were extracted by VOSviewer 1.6.15 for generating cooperative network, to find the main research power and each cooperative relation. At the same time, Citespace 5.0.R1 was used to analyze those high frequency keywords and bursting keywords and build the map of co-citation reference, in order to explore the evolution of research in the field of ICU delirium and the hotspots about this field in recent 10 years., Results: A total of 1 102 Chinese journal articles and 2 422 English "Articles" or "Reviews" from 2010 to 2020 were collected preliminarily, and the number of published literatures increased steadily. In the respect of quality, the impact factors of most articles were concentrated between 2 and 3, and the literatures with impact factor over 5 accounted for 27.9% (337/1 209). According to the knowledge visualization analysis, the United States published most of the related articles (total 1 152) in this field, while the England and Canada ranked second and third respectively, totaling 220 and 204. In terms of the distribution of research institutions, the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine was not only far ahead in the number of publication (n = 149), but more importantly, top three high-impact authors located in this institution. The amount of domestic publications was lower than developed countries, however, the burst index, which reflected the sudden increase, ranked first (7.09), suggesting that the interest and investment of Chinese researchers was increasing recently. The most productive institution in China was Capital Medical University School of Nursing with totaling 23 articles. Wu Ying, who published most Chinese papers (n = 14), belongs to this institution. However, it was a pity that there was no large scientific community be constructed in China, and the cooperation between institutions was deficient. By generating the co-occuring keyword mapping, the research hotpots mainly focused on the prevention, treatment and prevention of delirium in mechanically ventilated patients, the effect of dexmedetomidine and exploring the risk factor of ICU delirium. Finally, the results of co-citation reference analysis showed that Cluster 4 (risk assessment) was still in the process of development, in hence it was the frontier in this domain., Conclusions: There was a big gap between China and leading countries in the field of ICU delirium research. The main research power was located in the United States, and the trending of future studies mainly focus on delirium-related risk assessment.

To analyze the development of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), this study systematically retrieved relevant Chinese and English literatures from both CNKI and Web of Science database platforms by bibliometric research method and CiteSpace 5.5.R2 software to obtain information and visualize relevant literatures. A total of 695 Chinese and 446 English literatures were included in this paper. Statistics showed that China had published most of the literatures and established close cooperation with the United States and the United Kingdom. Through the analysis, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and its affiliated hospitals published the largest number of the publications. Moreover, the highly productive journals including Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and The Lancet covered eight major fields, such as medicine, medical virology, radiation medicine, infectious disease, and traditional Chinese medicine. Besides, a total of 35 special COVID-19 funds were recently established to subsidize these studies. The key words and themes analysis indicated that protein structure of COVID-19, receptor targets and mechanisms of action, integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, screening and development of antiviral drugs from traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, vaccine research as well as epidemiological characteristics and prediction are current study hotspots. This study provides a reference for researchers to rapidly master main study directions of COVID-19 and screen out relevant literatures.

Objective: To discuss the research progress in the field of coronavirus (CoVs) treatment based on the visualization analysis of knowledge graph., Methods: The related literatures in the field of CoVs treatment were retrieved from the establishment of Web of Science core collection database to February 15th, 2020, and the literature analysis tool of Web of Science database was used to count the annual trend of published literatures. The VOSviewer software was used to analyze the relationship among countries, institutions, authors, clustering and density of subject words. The HistCite software was used to screen important documents and to draw the evolution process of hot spots. The CiteSpace software was used to analyze the breakout points of subject words, so as to find the front and hot spots in this field., Results: A total of 1 747 data were retrieved, with the exception of 17 duplicate data, and 1 730 data were retained for visualization analysis. In terms of literature volume, the literatures on CoVs therapy rose after 2003 and 2012, and the number of published literatures had remained high since 2014. In terms of countries, the main countries that carried out the research on the treatment of CoVs were the United States (n = 613), China (n = 582), Germany (n = 122), Canada (n = 99), etc., and the cooperation among countries was close. In terms of institutions, the number of papers issued by Chinese Academy of Sciences in the field of CoVs treatment ranked first (n = 82), followed by University of Hong Kong of China (n = 74) and Chinese University of Hong Kong of China (n = 58), followed by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (n = 37), and the cooperation among various institutions was close. In terms of literature authors, there were two high-yielding authors in the United States [Ralph S. Baric (n = 21) and Kuochen Chou (n = 17)], two Chinese authors [Yuen Kwok-yung (n = 17) and Jiang Shibo (n = 16)] and one Dutch author [Eric J. Snijder (n = 17)]. In terms of the cluster analysis of authors, the authors were closely related in reverse genetics, respiratory infection, receptor binding domain, etc., and the 15 top-cited papers came mainly from China, the United States, Netherlands and other countries, and the literature content represented the frontiers and hot spots in different periods. The treatment hot spots focused on preventing virus adsorption, inhibiting the virus gene nucleic acid replication, transcription and translation. The main subject words were divided into three main categories, namely, CoVs epidemiology, basic research and drug development, in which basic research and drug development were strongly correlated. In the subject words breakthrough analysis, there were time-related breakthrough points in 1991, 1996 and 2002, and the "diagnosis" and "sequence" were continuous hot spots., Conclusions: Through the visualization analysis of knowledge graph, the development trend and hot spots of CoVs therapy research could be well observed. In this study, the degree of attention in the field of CoVs treatment showed periodic changes, related to the outbreak of new CoVs, and the country, institutions and the author were closely related. The treatment hot spots focused on preventing virus adsorption, inhibiting the virus gene nucleic acid replication, transcription and translation in order to develop new targets of drug.

Abstract: Gradation of Disability in Human Body Injuries （hereinafter referred to as Gradation） has been released and used since January 2017, and has become the most widely used standard in forensic science practice. This paper calculates and rates the visual system evaluation provisions of the current domestic disability evaluation criteria represented by the Gradation which used the methods of Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment （hereinafter referred to as GEPI） issued by American Medical Association （AMA）. Through comparing, a good correlation between the provisions in Gradation and whole person impairment rating index in GEPI was shown. On the basis of this, suggestions are put forward to amend some provisions of Gradation, in order to provide reference for the revision and further improvement of domestic standards and provisions., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.)

Artificial intelligence, as the breakthrough of current information technology, is gaining importance and being applied in more and more industries. Research on the application of artificial intelligence to the medical field has gradually matured and some products have come out. Relevant products in the United States have been approved by the FDA, mainly for image-based software products. In this paper, we studied the cases of image-based artificial intelligence aided diagnosis software approved by the US FDA, and analyzed the listing routes, clinical evaluation methods and clinical data processing of representative artificial intelligence products, and summarized the clinical evaluation characteristics of FDA for image-based artificial intelligence aided diagnosis software. Finally, problems that may be encountered in the clinical evaluation of similar products in China were considered, and relevant suggestions were put forward.

The National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM) is the only national institution for the accreditation of clinical practice of acupuncture and Oriental (Chinese) Medicine in the United States. Its qualification certificate or examination certificate is a mandatory document for 47 states and Washington, D.C. to issue the practice license. According to the latest information of the NCCAOM official website, this paper introduced the preceptor qualifications of the apprenticeship, studying hours, quality control, and the evaluation at the end of apprenticeship. The paper also discussed the enlightening and referential effects of the American system to apprenticeship policy in China.

Registration and approval is a necessary step in product marketing process of new medical devices to ensure their safety and efficiency.At present,many countries are relatively strict in the management of high risk medical devices,especially for class Ⅲ medical devices.Taking clinical trials as examples,they cost too many human,material resources.FDA has introduced a variety of regulations and policies to streamline the registration process to speed up the product marketing process.Based on the introduction of the relevant regulations on the exemption in parts of medical device registration and approval process in the United States,this paper compares and analyzes the simplified status of medical device approval in China.In the end,the significance of exemption in the registration and approval process is expounded,and some suggestions on how to optimize and approve the registration and approval process of medical devices in China are put forward.

As the most important phase in standardization activity, implementation saves as the essence. CDC in China are the major institutions undertaking disease control and prevention. Implementing the standards of public health provides technical basis for CDC to complete the task of disease control and prevention. In the study, spot conversation and questionnaire were used to investigate the implementation of standards on public health in CDC. Results showed that the staff of CDC got to know the standards through the Internet. The departments of CDC which conducted training and sent staff to attend training courses accounted for 50.00 % (25/50) and 34.00 % (17/50), respectively. State mandatory rule is still the main reason for relevant departments to implement the standards of the public health. Government promotion activities facilitate the implementation of Standards, and the degree of familiarity with Standards affects the implementation as well. The paper summarizes the existing problems, such as the lack of coordination between departments of public health at provincial level or below, lack of access to standards, and the need to strengthen the training of the standard implementation etc . It puts forward some suggestions to strengthen the implementation of public health Standards.

This paper comprehensively analyses the background and meaning of The Technological Guiding Principle for Assessment of Chinese Medicine Resources enacted by the former CFDA ( China Food and Drug Administration), moreover, it also points out that the Chinese medicine resources assessment with the purpose of guaranteeing the sustainable supplying capacity of Chinese medicine resources is the premise of new drug development; the Chinese medicine resources assessment which takes quality guarantee as the core is a significant action to promote the fixing of place of origin and quality-management antedisplacement for the traditional Chinese medicine industry; in this regard, the Chinese medicine resources assessment which aims at realizing the whole-process traceability is the key to building the high-quality modern traditional Chinese medicine brand. The Chinese medicine resources assessment which takes the classical prescription as the entry point is the embodiment of the protection of traditional Chinese medicine resources and international vision of regulation, which aims at clarifying the thinking for the relevant enterprises to carry out the Chinese medicine resources assessment. Base on the general thinking of ensuring that the "total amount of Chinese medicine resources is fixed and the supply is guaranteed", this paper clarifies two methods of Chinese medicine resources assessment: "family property assessment" of Chinese medicine resources based on "fixed total amount", "supply and demand balance assessment" of Chinese medicine resources based on "supply guarantee". In this regard, the basic strategy of "supply and demand balance assessment" of Chinese medicine resources based on "guaranteed supply" is put forward and it is believed that the resources assessment will lead to the significant adjustment of traditional Chinese medicinal materials production. It becomes the only way for the development of various Chinese medicine production enterprises to realize the comprehensive improvement of Chinese medicine quality, brand construction, the establishment of preferential price mechanism., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

The history of international spread of Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion is divided into three sta ges in this paper, and the spreading characteristics are analyzed. The first stage is approximately from the 6th century to the end of the 15th century, during which acupuncture and moxibustion were spread to neighboring countries by personnel exchanges; the spread towards Korean peninsula, Japan and Vietnam was considered the most successful communication. The second stage lasts from the beginning of 16th century to 1970. At the early time of this stage, the employees of the Dutch East Indian Company introduced acupuncture and moxibustion to European countries through Indonesia and Japan, leading to a short and small fashion; also the United States and Australia were involved. At the late time of this stage, by medical aid teams dispatched by China government, acupuncture and moxibustion were introduced to African countries. The third stage starts from 1971. With the establishment of Sino-US diplomatic relations as an opportunity, acupuncture and moxibustion were being spread rapidly to the world through radio, TV and internet. So far it has been introduced to more than 140 countries and areas. Performing serious studies on the spreading characteristics of three stages will promote the international communication of acupuncture and moxibustion, by which the world will have a better understanding onthe broad and profound traditional cultures of China.