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Fetishism is one of the fundamental concepts of Marx’s critique of political economy. The goal of this paper is to explore the relationship between the concept of fetishism and the concept of ideology, i.e. to consider the ways in which the concept of fetishism can be related to theories of ideology developed by Marx himself and Marxist theorists. Conception of fetishism in Marx’s critique of political economy is presented in the first part of the paper, while the second part explores various Marxist interpretations of ideology, with an emphasis on the distinction between critique of ideology and theory of ideology. The third part of the paper focuses on the conception of modernity developed by contemporary Marxist theorist Jacques Bidet. His theory, which heavily relies on Marx’s insights, provides an original solution to the problem of the relationship between ideology and fetishism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]