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This paper aims to explore EFL teachers’ beliefs of learner autonomy and their teaching practices to promote autonomous learning in the classroom. The participants are 33English teachers at Setif2University. For data collection, an adapted questionnaire is used and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings reveal that the majority of teachers understand learning autonomy and its influential role in language learning. However, they are negative about the feasibility of some of learning autonomy principles such as involving students in decision-making about objectives of the course, learning assessment and classroom management. Although teachers are cautious about their roles in promoting learning autonomy, they report that they actually provide learners with a range of opportunities to enhance their autonomous learning inside and outside the classroom. The paper reveals and discusses some of the challenges for promoting learning autonomy along with the pedagogical implications for teachers, learners and policy makers.

During the recent years, researchers in cultural and literary studies have been increasingly making use of the accumulated knowledge (both theoretical and practical), aiming at widening the scope of literary studies to reach new horizons in the field of literary criticism. This led to the development of the polysytem theory and the polysystemic analysis of the literary phenomenon and the history of literature. This paper aims to present an overview of the historical and theoretical backdrop of the theory of polysystems grounded in russian formalism and structuralism. In addition, the efforts and advances made in the fields of deconstruction, semiotics, aesthetics of reception, and sociological approaches to literature and other disciplines resulted in a broadening of the scope of the study of the literary phenomenon and the history of literature. In this paper, we discuss few models and highlight the initiatives made by Arab researchers who benefited greatly from recent research advances.

Literature in the field of curriculum is debating the extent to which teachers should or could participate in the developmental process of the curriculum they enact. Being the practitioners, teachers are the ones who transmit theory into practice. However, they are not only consumers of curriculum knowledge, but also significant producers of it. Thus, teachers’ active participation as primary stakeholders in the curriculum development process is a necessity. The paper outlines one approach for teacher participation in curriculum development, which is action research. The main aim of this paper is twofold; first: it explores literature about ‘curriculum’, ‘curriculum development’ and ‘action research’; and second, it emphasizes the prominence of teachers’ involvement and research in curriculum development, paying specific attention to the Algerian secondary school educational reform, which is highly controlled and centralised.

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between knowledge management and learning organization and organizational learning, given the fact that organizational knowledge in various types are the most valuable and the most enduring, as well as trying to figure out mechanisms and principles of learning and practice of knowledge organization aims to promote and benefit from the efforts of human development. Also this paper will try to understand the needs of knowledge management and leadership structure, culture, and technology, and the reasons for the shift from the traditional organization to the capital-based on knowledge and intellectual capital before the physical capital, and also the obstacles of that transformation.

In this paper, we tried to present an image of the repercussions of the Cartoons Crisis caused by the Western Press after publishing the Danish Cartoons; from the point of view of the Freedom of Opinion and Speech drawled by the West aiming at offending the Arab and Muslim People; through the relation between the journalist right to information, the person's right to privacy and the peoples’ right to their symbols; explaining how its laws and legislations contradict this thesis by quoting some of these laws. We also showed, in this paper, the importance of the Caricature as journalistic art benefiting of considerable freedom that exceeds the rest of the journalistic arts, changing it from the humoristic function to that of aggression; then the point of view of the other great Monotheistic Religions on the issue of cartoons and giving offence to the others by mockery and defamation in the Monotheistic Religions and secular laws. Finally, we elucidate the difference between the Public and Private Figures; showing that the first one can be criticised considering it as a public property. At last, a general set of this research findings were exposed.

We aimed basically, through this paper, to investigate the extent to which academic achievement may contribute to developing the students’ intercultural effectiveness. To attain such an aim, we selected the intercultural effectiveness scale as the research tool. It was addressed to sixty third year students of English in the Department of English at Constantine University, divided into two groups according to their high or low academic achievement in English for measuring particular capacities and skills viewed as indispensable components in a culturally diverse environment. The analysis of the data gathered has showed that students with high academic achievement are more interculturally effective than students with low academic achievement.

The gender factor can be taken as a variable in comparative studies when dealing with students’ achievements at schools. This study aims, basically, at investigating the status of the gender gap in Algerian learners’ academic achievements. The present paper focuses on a population consisting of 32839 fourth year middle school pupils of the wilaya of Bordj Bou Arreridj in the official exam taken at the end of the middle school level (BEM) from 2015 to 2017. The results revealed that female learners outperform males in almost all subjects of study and in the overall success rates. This study, therefore, will serve as a cornerstone for further research seeking an understanding of the relationship between learners’ academic outcomes and learners’ gender in larger populations.

This paper reports on the use of Facebook page created by 10post-graduate students for educational purposes. The study involves a quantitative and a qualitative analysis of data obtained from postings on the Facebook page and from a questionnaire developed by the researcher. The study aims at exploring students’ usage patterns and perceptions of the value of this social networking tool and uncovering its potential role in an educational environment. The results showed that students, by creating this personal space and using it to connect with their peers and their teachers, not only have a strong sense of community involvement students have used a wide variety of communication tools to communicate with their peers, but also greater satisfaction of this medium as an effective tool in developing their socio-pragmatic competence via authentic linguistic interaction.

The present paper is concerned with the evaluation of the Culture Presentation in the Algerian EFL secondary school classroom. It aims at comprehending teachers opinions about culture teaching, assessing learners’ knowledge in culture, and exploring the types and categories of culture in the textbooks. The study is conducted through qualitative and quantitative approaches. Questionnaires are administered to both teachers and learners while a content analysis is operated on the three textbooks “At the Crossroads” for first year level, “Getting Through” for second year level and “New Prospects” for third year level. The results show that the Culture Presentation does not help learners to communicate in intercultural communication situations and henceforth recommendations are suggested to remedy the deficiencies.

Our research paper focuses on the mechanism of contrastive terminology is clearly shown in the system of the Arabic language in general, and in the phonetic system in particular. Tammâm Hassân demonstrates a set of opposed equivalencies like phonetics and phonology, phoneme and morpheme, consonant and vowel, rigidity and softness, declamation (loudness) and whisper, disruption and extraction, amplification and attenuation. The latter plays an important role in simplifying the course of phonology, because the essence of every element is determined by its opposite, furthermore, we determine things by their opposites

This paper aims to address one of the current problems concerning the issue of violence inhuman phenomenon rooted in human history and endemic in reality of life as a political and social behavior. Of the issue of violence has become more discussed in the philosophical texts from the time Machiavelli until he Kantian but the. Philosophical spirit raising the question of violence and other associated themes (force –the despotism politically-absolute sovereignty) has inflicted paradox that leads to a coup against himself. On this basis, philosophy paris to violence addressing a critical rational discourse that appeals to dialogue and understanding on the horizon of difference and diversity.

International treaties are becoming more and more important following the structural changes observed in international law as well as the increasing role of the international community. From rules of coordination and coexistence between sovereign entities, we are moving towards a law of exchange, cooperation, movement of persons, goods and capital. International agreements hare having a great impact at the domestic level as a source of law defining the principle of legality in the field of administrative law. The administrative judge like any other judge is in the obligation to state the law even in the absence of an explicit legal text. Should he then have recourse to international agreements directly when the agreement itself stipulates it or in an indirect way using the agreement as a point of departure from which he will extract a principle relevant to the case at hand. We will study in this paper the rules and the procedures that the judge should follow in such an operation looking also at the comparative side of the issue.

This paper deals with the subject in general sustainable development, which attract the attention of the international community and governments, especially after the emergence of environmental problems was its impact on the ecosystem and human health and its future. this interest translate practically through international conferences ESPECIAIIY by Rioconferenece in 1992 to determine the sustainable development strategy and priorities to be taken to find appropriate solutions and to create space for a more stable and sustainable.the international community is betting on the implementation of the sustainable development strategy. With regard to the issue of reconstruction and sustainable urban and architectural configuration, based on the idea that there is no sustainable global environment without sustainable urban environment. and due to the fact that the subject forked and has multiple areas that we tried to study the subject of reconstruction and urban development of the tools that have adopted sustainability as a new concept in the system construction of Algeria and ways to activate it in the field of urban and compréhensive urban and sustainable planning of new cities to overcome the existing problems of old cities and improve the standard of living of life for new residents and achieve ecological balance and urban and sustainable growth.

We propose in this paper to revisit the process of emission reception in the literary discourse of the author A. Maalouf: Le périple de Baldassare) through its generic stage and this in a dialogic perspective, using the typology of forms of dialogism proposed by S. Moirand. This will allow us to show that this openness to a variety of other speech is not only an accessory but essential for optimal reception of the latter. To this end, we will first present the generic scene then we will highlight the various forms of the side of the production, then the one of the reception that is to say, that of the reader through the different profiles of the latter.

This paper summarizes the dialectical approach between what is systematic structural and what is diachronic in the Arab literary heritage, through rereading the works of Ibn Hazm Al-Andaloussi and those of Al-Jahidh and how they arrive to present and represent love in literary texts. These texts try to establish an approach between mental states, morals and human characters in their structural forms and between what is experimental and effective, and even productive of History and reality. The manifestation of psychic and emotional states can be discovered through the human being practice of historical acts through time and human relationships.

This paper aims to shed light on the dialectic of scientific reason in the philosophy of contemporary science through Gaston Bachelard’s model. This model shows the impact of scientific knowledge in the structure of thought which reveals the new epistemological values that make the reason, putting its philosophical position into question whenever the scientific thought results new theories and attitudes that oblige it to reconsider its structure and content in order to be kept up to scientific revolutions. All this require from the reason to be revolutionary, renewed and developed. This means that reason and reality are no longer the same as they were in the classical philosophy and science.

Algerian city: poor governance and deficit of urbanity. Reflections from the example of neighbourhoods of social housing The present paper discusses the question of the urbanity’s deficit in Algerian cities. If this deficit does not save any urban space, it is even more stressed in the peripheral spaces where are established the major party of the social housing areas. While noting the different dysfunctions of the inhabited areas in urban development and "urbanity hardware devices”, it highpoints the deficit involvement of the principal actors supposed to take charge of these areas and consequently the poor urban governance.