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This paper studies the mechanization of agriculture in the rural regions of the Rio de la Plata during the First Globalization (1880-1916). Uruguay and Argentina developed an important growth and diversification of their agricultural production during this period. This growth accompanied the great livestock dynamism that both economies had achieved since the first decades of the 19th century. We analyze the process by dispensing national approaches. A geo-referenced database is constructed at a micro-regional level to identify the location of the main agricultural production areas and to trace their evolution throughout the period. A clustering analysis is also carried out to explore the spatial heterogeneity that characterized the River Plate agriculture and provide elements for its interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Movimiento Nacionalista Tacuara was the most relevant organisation of the nationalist right in the 1960s in Argentina. Its members defended radical nationalism and developed an anti-leftist and anti-Semitic repertoire of action. In addition, they formed a hybrid ideological corpus, which fused local elements with others from Europe. Interwar fascisms were fundamental in this process. In this paper, I address the appropriations of Falangism made by the Tacuara activism. In general, the existing studies about Tacuara recognize the centrality of Falangism, corporatism and the notions of 'National Syndicalist State' and 'hispanidad'. However, the appropriations they made of these elements and the way in which they were re-signified in the light of local contexts have not yet been tackled. To shed light on the circulation of ideas between Argentina and Spain, I adopt a transnational perspective. I use as sources various Tacuara and Guardia Restauradora Nacionalista bulletins, reports produced by the intelligence services of the province of Buenos Aires, and oral history interviews conducted with former activists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies and characterizes a corporate network based on Argentinian-Spanish business (Catalan mainly) that was built around a dozen companies all located in Buenos Aires, in the first half of 20th century. Studying the board of directors of the company Providencia Compañía Argentina de Seguros, it finds meeting points in which different groups are involved and it analyzes what corporate strategies they applied. It also determines whether any political compromise was acquired by the members of the network, both in Spain and Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Right-winged Argentine nationalism underwent a series of transformations in the mid 20th Century. These changes were registered in the biographies of many Nationalist intellectuals. Thus, the aim of this paper is to examine the case study of Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo. The work of this well-known nationalist intellectual covers over seventy years and influenced many generations of nationalist militants. In analysing his discourse on democracy and political leadership, this paper tracks the long-term changing process of his political and ideological discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the forms of political action of subaltern people in a particular space of peripheral Argentina: Neuquenian municipalities of the first half of the 20th Century. Even when national territories were excluded from the federal political system, the recreation in these spaces of some of the so called creole politics provides an opportunity to explore the complexity of political clientelism in those decades of Argentinian history. Furthermore, this paper pays attention to interactions between local elites and the inferior members of the clientships, observing the ways in which the latter were represented, thus shaping the relationships that both sectors kept between them. Albeit subaltern sectors of territorial Neuquen did not consolidate themselves as an autonomous political actor, it is interesting to call attention over the negotiations they were capable to maintain with local political elites. It is suggested in this paper that clientelistic practices, as the explanations constructed on them did so, contributed to shape some of the features of the Argentinian political culture of that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to study the activities of rural extension conducted between 1973 and 1983 by one of the main Argentinean state agencies: the National Agricultural Technology Institute (INTA). Regarding this period, which starts and ends with a democratic transition, an analysis has been made on the content and perspective of the organization's rural extension agenda in relation to the transformations seen in matters of sectoral policies, socioeconomic changes in the rural area, and in the implementation of repressive mechanisms. There has been an evaluation on the operation of INTA's state bureaucracy throughout its processes of institutional reconfiguration: one in 1973 alongside that year's democratic transition and the other in 1976 in hand with Argentina's last dictatorship. In light of documentary sources and interviews, a review has been drafted on institutional directives, nationwide coordination of agricultural policies, and the experiences of the INTA extension workers, primarily located in the Buenos Aires province. Additionally, we have identified the existence of various practices during the previous years of the last dictatorship involving direct contact with rural populations different from those of a more traditional approach, and its limitations have also been highlighted. Finally, we have analyzed the reorientation of the institution rural extension tasks as it underwent a military intervention between 1976 and 1983. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper examines the policies carried out by Minister of Social Welfare, Francisco Manrique throughout the de facto presidencies of Generals Roberto Levingston (1970-1971) and Alejandro Lanusse (1971-1973). I argue that the social policies and strategies implemented by Manrique aimed at building the consensus needed in view of the government's forthcoming political openness, and at the same time were leaded by his veiled intention of launching his presidential candidacy for the elections that would take place in 1973. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the internal dynamic about the regiments and battalions of the National Guard of Buenos Aires province countryside. We analyse the conformation of the body of officers and the negotiation that commandants started with the inhabitants of the districts assigned to them at the moment of making recruitment registers and designating members of the contingents. We prove that although the National Guard was created from provisions of the National and provincial state, the consolidation and effective operation of the institution in the countryside and the frontier were produced from the activities that commanders developed within the jurisdictions they were in charge of. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the interpretations of the mobilizations and shaping of Catholic crowds in Argentina during the first half of the twentieth century. First, the text identifies the performative effects of the "classical paradigm" of secularization. Secondly, the article proposes relocating the contributions of the political approach, conceived in the context of the 1980s, in a broader explanatory framework, open to recent contributions of social and cultural history. To this end, the paper proposes a model based on the concept of crowd with the aim of discussing different dimensions of the phenomenon, highlighting its multifaceted nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human resource training and knowledge generation adapted to the operating conditions of the various regional productions in Argentina, occupied the attention of experts from the Department of Agriculture, agrarian entities, political and educational sectors, since the early twentieth century. It did not escape this interest a concern about women and farm home. The aim of this paper is to analyze, in this context, the first decades of the "Ramón Santamarina" Farm School of Tandil, an establishment with a rich institutional history that housed the first school of farm home, soon transformed into a farm school and specialized in dairy industry. The transit to the farm household to the preparation of cheese masters, under productivist orientation of schools in the educational proposal of the Department of Agriculture, the social subjects involved, specialization in dairy and its results, are some of the issues discussed, as part of an educational agrarian project not only as a source of labor associated with specific agricultural industries, but also --and perhaps more than anything-- as irradiators of that kind of teaching towards the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the 19th century, in the context of setting up the new republican order, the humanization of physical punishments was promoted. As part of a cultural climate affected by the individualization of the body, modern educational trends questioned the excessive punishment of children. This paper discusses the reviews of such disciplinary practices in Buenos Aires elementary schools and its countryside, with the aim of reflecting on how this "civilized awareness" process struggled for a punishment economy to design--at the end of the century--a new ethical code of honor and virtue based on self-discipline as the kind of behavior that should be adopted by future citizens of the republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper we analyze the emergence of political-union identities, and its search for new forms of organization, in the final period of the dictatorship called "Revolución Argentina". To do so we reconstruct the different strategies of the new peronist unionism, from 1970 until 1973, by portraying their relations with previous combative experiences, and their opposition to the national CGT led by Rucci, to the dictatorship and to Lanusse's political exit. The empirical work will be analyzed in the frame of the question about the relationship between institutions and political identities, specifically the organizations (unions and unions groupings) with the workers and popular identities, and the dispute over their representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze primary education policy during the administration of the self-proclaimed "Liberating Revolution". The few studies that have examined this issue state that the Liberating Revolution government erased the traces that Peronism had left in the education system. Our interest is to review this process. To do this, we analyze the conflicts within the government, the institutional design of education governance and internal organization of schools. We ask whether despite the ideological and political ruptures, it is possible to find elements of continuity with the previous period. Our empirical observation area is the province of Buenos Aires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decades of the nineteenth-century, new products that were traditionally not considered for export, appeared -wheat, corn, linseed, frozen beef and lamb-. As a result, goods that were sold abroad after the Independence started a declination process. Nevertheless, we must point out to that some of them declined in absolute terms -salt meat, tallow and other cattle products-, while another group diminished it participation relatively in the whole export value -wool and hides-. In this paper, we propose the reconstruction of the trajectory of the dirty wool and different types of hides between 1890 and 1913. For such a purpose, we used a new trade series created by us, based on the correction of the official value. For the first time in the historiography the products are related to the destinies. Besides, as a complement, we work with unpublished diplomatic sources as Serie Diplomática y Consular from the Foreign Relations Ministry Archive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the participation of the members of three catholic workers association -Círculo de Obreros de Córdoba, Asociación Artesanos de San José and Sociedad Católica Popular Italiana- to choose their authorities in Córdoba, Argentina during the first decades of the 20th Century. The study allows us to know that, besides, the indirect electoral system applied in the three cases, there are important differences which contributed in different ways to the appropriation of the concept and practice of political citizenship inaugurated in 1912. A diversity of electoral procedures can be found: from a very restricted political position more interested in religion and catholic rituals to one which granted all members the right to choose and be chosen. In the same way, the more "democratic" associations corresponded, as could be expected, to those where internal debate was more regular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal protection of accumulated and transgenerational developed knowledge by indigenous peoples and local communities, especially those associated with the properties, uses and characteristics of biological diversity, raises some issues and uncertainties. The Intellectual Property Legal Regimen in force, which establishes the basis for the protection of an individual author's work, and the Patent System are not able to protect collective traditional knowledge. The aim of this paper is to discuss not only the limitations that exist in the Argentine legal system to protect them adequately, but also the challenges involved, including from practical problems of registration to deeper issues related to the nature of traditional knowledge and the difficulties to design effective mechanisms to respect the worldview, culture and customary law of the peoples involved and able to prevent their use for commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of the professionalization of the military forces of the River Plate state in the first half of the 19th century, analyzing the attempts to establish a particular type of discipline and bureaucratic procedures in combat units that had emerged from a very intense popular mobilization. This problem is studied in two times. The regulations governing the administration of the armies and the kind of administrative tasks that were demanded from each officer will first be analyzed. Then this ideal administrative model imported from Europe will be confronted with the realities of its application, through the study of a particular case: the traumatic attempt to transform the Freedom Dragoons -a unit born from the Banda Oriental rural uprising of 1825- into a Line Cavalry Regiment within the Republican Army which was about to open the war against the Brazil. This modest episode, explored through the memoirs of the officer in charge of the reform, will enable us to shed light on the specific constraints encountered by those officials who spoke on behalf of the State and intended to discipline the forces of a people in arms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the creation of new regulatory institutions, social practices and legal description of the crime in the State of Entre Ríos province, considering the context of the significant changes taking place in society Argentina during the second half of nineteenth century. As is known, in that period the first successful attempts to launch new institutional relationships and socio-economic gained momentum. From the Entre Ríos case study we analyze, first, the institutional changes of the province concerning land laws, tax structure and laws of discipline, as well as the powers of the control of political leaders and justice practices. Secondly, we explore changes in social practices, specifically within the environment of rural production and the labor market. Finally, we focus on the responses of actors to the new regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Return to the polls and electoral triumph of Peronism in 1973 closed a stage characterized by a deep legitimacy crisis, which had been opened with Perón overthrow in 1955. The political reorganization of the "movement" in the province of Mendoza showed an intermittent tension between those who adhered to the "verticalist peronism" and a group of leaders who built new political parties called "neo-Peronist", whose rise found an end in 1966 gubernatorial elections. Rehabilitation of political activity in 1971 revived the internal fighting among the various Peronist factions, looking for a place in the nominations process for the 1973 elections. Despite the unification of some sectors, the conflict within the party did not end after the victory at the polls, but surfaced soon after the start of the Government of Alberto Martinez Baca. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the decomposition process that Peronism of Mendoza suffered after the overthrow of Perón in 1955, its subsequent reorganization to face the general elections of 1973 and the results of the elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the official proposal for recent history teaching. For such purpose, we draw on national education laws (1993 and 2006), the curricula approved from 1995 to present for the secondary level (at the national level and at the Province of Buenos Aires) and regulations of the commemorations--especially March 24th and September 16th--. This analysis will be made in relation to the representations of memory and the progress of historiography about recent past, to consider up to what extent school contents have witnessed an impact due to changes in these narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intense process of state development, which generated social intervention and new capacities to produce public policies, took place since the forties in Argentina. This phenomenon was accompanied by trends towards an increasing centralization of the political power in the Executive branch of the government. Within this context, this paper attempts to explore these processes from a perspective based on a provincial jurisdiction, constructing an account that locates the history of this political entity within the more comprehensive story of the structuring of the Interventionist State. In order to achieve this purpose, the history of one provincial health department and its relationships with the Federal State organizations are analyzed, trying to unravel the reactions that the provincial state elaborated to the process of centralization of social policies, which accompanied the emergence of Peronism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the nineteenth century, a process of modernization and development took place in Argentina, within the frame of the nation-state consolidation. In this context, the country witnessed a discursive profusion that expected to introduce disciplinary instruments into society, among which the creation of a modern maternal ideal can be mentioned. This paper analyzes the main topics of such discourses, through one the main media available to spread them in rural central and southern Buenos Aires in our period: the local press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussing with the frame on the same phenomena recently proposed by Fortunato Mallimaci, this paper suggests a periodization and some hypotheses for the interpretation of secularism and secularization process in Argentina from the Bourbon reforms to the present. From an explanation of the sense that the author gives to the concepts of secularism and secularization, it offers a periodization scheme that appeals to the concepts of "umbral de secularización" and "pacto laico" coined by Jean Baubérot for France and for Latin Europe. As an interpretive scheme, the article does not constitute a summary of the history of Catholicism or the relations between Church and State. For this reason, the stages that the author considers are worth reinterpreting-essentially the turn of the century- have deserved more attention than others and therefore have greater development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the activities that took place in the frame of the "Civic Action Plan" of the National Gendarmerie, in particular focusing on the creation and development of the "Gendarmería Infantil". We hold that the plan aimed at integrating and improving the image of the Gendarmerie in the society, and that the experience of the Gendarmería Infantil was an attempt to influence on the socialization of children and youth by a sector of the military regime. The intention of influencing the education of youth and boys can be seen in the establishment of ties between them and security forces socialization values of these forces and participation in ceremonies strongly associated with its principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the preliminary results of the study in course focused in the visual memories of Chaco Province immigration between the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th Century, taking in consideration their life histories registered in photography. The main purpose is to outline a social, historical and esthetical retrospective of Chaco photography practice, and to analyze through the photographic testimony, how immigrants view themselves and construct their own images and signification, from life celebrations --baptisms, weddings and birthdays--up to even the certification of death --funeral rituals--. The work presents a first approach to a series of photographs taken between the 1880 and the 1950 decades in mostly Italian immigrant villages of the region. It considers a reflexive exercise based on the identification of common and reiterative elements within the heterogeneous photographic corpus of Chaco province immigration. Finally, the study analyzes the privileged representational models as the production and use conditions of photography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, transformations of internal links within the indigenous political field are explored, focusing on the last decades of the frontier. This period, in which the state progresses towards its political unification and institutional consolidation, state policies regarding Indian people show a more unified profile and aim to create the conditions necessary for the frontiers advance. The peace treaties policy, extended to almost the whole indigenous map, will be one of the devices through the state will attempt to canalize and to order its relations with different chiefs and groups. Our interest attempts to identify the probable conditionings and influences of this policy on the indigenous population at the conformation, strengthening and weakening of their political alliances. We intend specifically to reconstruct-within this context-the process of the Calfucurá's leadership, to identify the impact of state interventions over the extent of his political summoning capacity during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to examine the raising of a network of institutions, comedores escolares [welfare kitchens] in the National Territory of la Pampa during the 1930's, whose action was based upon the protection and defense of the most vulnerable infants. The analysis of this process shows the leading role of different state agents, the relationships that took place among different jurisdictions such as national, provincial and communal ones, as well as the role of community in the concrete implementation of public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the research project called "School textbooks. Images and representations. The building of Patagonia in the school imaginaries. Rio Negro and Neuquén (1884-1957)", we are working upon representations concerning Patagonia in school textbooks either state or religious ones (from the Salesian order), previous and subsequent to the peronist period. Some of the images we have been able to trace in such sources include those of Patagonia as indigenous and deserted, Patagonia as a source of oil, Patagonia as the end of our Homeland, as well as Patagonia for tourists when associated to an Argentinian Switzerland. Such representations were the result of an analysis of geographic, historical and economic contents as found within the texts, either in written language or iconography.This line of work has been followed through the selection, for this paper, of a corpus composed of sixty school textbooks known as Manuales Estrada from such period, bearing in mind that hegemonic government policies gave a crucial importance to the inclusion of certain contents through school textbooks.From a qualitative perspective, we focus on historical, geographical and natural resources contents that allow to identify some elements to define Patagonia's images, as a central purpose of our research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1779 the fort of Carmen de Patagones was founded in the South of the current province of Buenos Aires in response to the Bourbons politics to ensure the territorial control of its colonial dominions. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the development of this town from its establishment to the Rosas government period, recognizing different stages. The first one makes reference to the process of occupation of the land through a particular relation with the native groups of the zone. In a second stage, the fort obtains a relative autonomy in the handling of its political and administrative matters. And in the third one, the government attempted --with relative success-- to limit this autonomy exerting a greater control on the life of the fort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with some beliefs and attitudes produced by the victorious groups of the coup d'état that took place in October 1820. We attempt to show that after these violent political episodes, centralist sectors displayed a conciliatory rhetoric that can be traced in periodicals and in the messages announced by men with political and military power in the province. Such a rhetoric was accompanied by measures taken by the provincial executive power and they were intended to integrate some federal sectors recently defeated. This statement allows to question the idea that October winners started an intense revenge over defeated groups, which could be noticed in the new military reforms where no former revolutionary would be included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific knowledge about La Pampa province's prehispanic past was of secondary importance until a few years ago. Nowadays, once this situation was reverted, we have at our disposal a wide panorama about its prehistory, from the earliest population to the coexistence of indigenous peoples with Hispanic society. Such knowledge was achieved due to the efforts of several archaeologists and students, but specifically to the pioneer research work of Carlos Gradin. This paper deals with the latest advances in archaeological research of the center-south region of La Pampa. In addition to academic research, new approaches in archaeology require the development of participative tasks with local communities in order to make decisions about the final destination of research results and of the material evidences that make up a part of the cultural local heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of studies concerning the Southern Frontier, this paper attempts to characterize the policy that Ranqueles developed towards the emerging Argentinian State during the second half of the 19th century. Specifically, it attempts to identify and explain the changes and continuities in the political actions from the main Ranqueles chiefs according to the different drawbacks that affected the creation of the Argentinian State. In this sense, the work states that during the 1870's the relationship between indigenous and Christians had turned into an asymmetrical one, due to the fact that the National Government from that period had succeeded in turning into the unique interlocutor with which the Ranqueles could act. To support this statement, the text describes the alliances and counteralliances that appeared in the period 1850-1880 between the Ranqueles and the different Christians sectors, since they demonstrate that as the Argentinian State was imposing over the opposition groups to its formation, the indigenous faced deterioration of their capacity of political action. In this way, it examines first the events from the 50's as they give account of the great role that the indigenous played when the Argentine Confederation and the Province of Buenos Aires were confronting. Later, it analyses the events from the 60's when the Ranqueles joined their forces to the federal groups in opposition to the leadership of Buenos Aires. Finally, it studies the indigenous actions prior to their subjugation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies about property rights have only recently started to attract the attention of economic historians in Argentina. In this paper, focusing upon normative aspects, it is our purpose to analyze changes and continuities produced within legal conceptions concerning the rights of property, family and heritage rights by the second half of the 19th century. Debates and speeches from politicians, lawyers, and owners, will be analyzed, as well as the expression they found in two key works: the Rural Code of the Province of Buenos Aires, from 1865, and the Civil Code from 1869 (promulgated in 1871), which stated -with different shades of meaning- private property as absolute, individual and inalienable. The balance between continuity/break up of conceptions and speeches posed from the law field will also allow to analyze its impact and projection over the configuration of the Argentinian society during the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the role of political organizations, the church, the state and labor unions in the leisure time of the workers in Northern Patagonia from the beginning of the 19"" century, up to the rise of peronismo. We discuss the strategies put into practice by such institutions, as related with the planning and consumption of their spare time. We also analyze each institution's interests, which went far beyond making themselves sure that the workers' could take better advantage of their leisure time. Far from that, these actors' actions were part of a wider strategy that could be combined with the one developed within the workers' world. In the case of political and labor unions' organizations, such actions were related with the spreading of ideas that could be useful to reinforce consciousness for class struggle, to build a new society and additionally, to strengthen trade union structures. The actions of the church, on the other hand, were oriented towards disciplining the working world, christianizing it, and indoctrinating catholic workers in a world of armonic relations between capital and labor and teaching them to reject alterations of the status quo and the workers' ways of participation typical of resistance societies. Finally, actions performed by the State attempted to control, regulate and discipline such workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies patterns of family and kinship in the rural areas of the province of Buenos Aires in the 19* century . It intends, to approach to the role of women in the transmission of kinship networks and that of kin as a frame of material and emotional protection in a context of intense male mobility and proliferation of matrifocal households. It also pursues, the analysis of the sexual and family ethos prevalent at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the Law, it is possible make a difference between subjective rights (individual's faculty) and objective rights (society's order). The Law is not exclusively one or the other; but rather an order which connects both parts. This mechanism shows difficulties because the movement makes them part of a complex and delicate system. This paper attempts to observe this mechanism working; to understand the construction of this order as part of the new needs of certain groups and see how they take shape giving birth to a new conception of family and inheritance during the first half of XIX century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I analyse the different perspectives that are enunciated by three federal lines about political parties, during Juan Manuel de Rosas' first government. Political, economical and institutional reasons underlie the speech of those federalist groups. Such disparity of interests and arguments assume special importance to understand the causes of the existence of such divisions inside the federal party. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an enquiry into the strategies for access to land displayed by the Russo family, rural producers who, by the end of the nineteenth Century settled as cattle tenants on southern areas of the Territorio Nacional de La Pampa. Through the analysis of sources belonging to the private archive of the family and other public documents, we reconstructed different moments in the life of the Russos, marked by the strategies carried through to economically settle themselves and maximize opportunities by combining tenancy-property, stability factors and the scale of tenancy. In diverse areas for two generations. This case study, focused upon the family and located in a zone with characteristics that differ from those sketched in the bulk of dominant historiography, allows to shed light on issues concerning the access to land by pampean rural producers at the end of the nineteenth Century and the first decade of the twentieth, and thus, discuss some traditional postulates, besides from establishing the existence of regional variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we offer a contribution to the social history of punishment, attending to a historical approach upon the pagatonic prison of Neuquen (U.P.9). The main topics are both the inmates' material life and the penitentiary policies displayed in this prison, with the purpose of showing the different ways in which the small local prison's bureaucracies interpreted and executed national regulations. Social features of the inmates are sketched, focusing specially upon the differences between common and political prisoners. This paper tries to discuss the supposed depth, coherence and regularity that literature usually attributed to the Argentine's positivist, late nineteenth Century penitentiary's reforms. Neuquén's prison is compared with the much bigger and well-provided Ushuaia's prison, settled in the southern areas of Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the role performed by the parsons as ecclesiastical judges in the Buenos Aires rural parishes during the last colonial decades. For such purpose, we analysed the regulation relating to their functions in the judicial environment as well as the effective exercise of these tasks. Particularly three fields of action of these parishes-judges are considered: marital control, the administration of the right of "asilo en sagrado", and their intervention in testamentary dispositions. The period in which we center the research is crossed by the tension that meant the reduction of competences carried out by borbonic policies. In response to these regalist measures, we will see clergymen either deprived of some judicial functions, keeping others, or resisting the reduction of some tasks that, until that moment, were in their hands. As it would happen in other areas, also in the excercise of justice, parishes and mayors will share some functions and -not unfrequently- will compete for the control of the institutional power at local levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the characterization of the rioplatense rural world in the first half of the nineteenth century by the analysis of the colonization process in an area situated in the south of Salado River in present Buenos Aires province. We circumscribe our work in time and space focusing on Dolores District (with a larger surface than the present one) between 1789 and 1860. The characterization of the process to access to the usufruct and to the legal property of land in the area added to the social and demographical analysis of the population (Mascioli, 1999) expects to be a contribution to the above mentioned topic. The case studied is far from being a paradigamatic example of the "expansion of livestock breeding" that would have taken place in latifundia owned by a few owners (a familiar image when we talk about an area situated in the south of Salado River in times of the colonization process between the end of the eighteenth cen the process studied are evident: to usufruct and to access to the legal property of land in Dolores implies the possibility to transit different ways for producers with different possibilities and necessities. Besides, the reconstruction of the process will let us compare it with others that took place in other lands and time, in order to explain the occupation of the pampeano surface in a diachronic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to analyze the Argentinian official politics for the settlement of the indigenous survivors to the military campaign (1879-1885) and its results, focusing in the study of the genesis, organization and development of the pastoral colony Emilio Mitre in La Pampa Territory, during the first decades of its existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the process of settlement in a zone of the south frontier of Buenos Aires province, the Azul brook one, which -differently from other areas of Buenos Aires field- was driven by the Provincial State of Buenos Aires throughout a sequence of conditioned donations of small and medium portions of lands which were developed by the Rosas government since 1830. These donations contributed to the settlement and the production labor of these lands by civil population that settled there and that generated relationships with the indigenous comunities established in the zone, who were articulated to the policy of the "negocio pacífico de indios" ("pacific deal of indians"). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]