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This paper investigates the problem of forecasting multivariate aggregated human mobility while preserving the privacy of the individuals concerned. Differential privacy, a state-of-the-art formal notion, has been used as the privacy guarantee in two different and independent steps when training deep learning models. On one hand, we considered gradient perturbation, which uses the differentially private stochastic gradient descent algorithm to guarantee the privacy of each time series sample in the learning stage. On the other hand, we considered input perturbation, which adds differential privacy guarantees in each sample of the series before applying any learning. We compared four state-of-the-art recurrent neural networks: Long Short-Term Memory, Gated Recurrent Unit, and their Bidirectional architectures, i.e., Bidirectional-LSTM and Bidirectional-GRU. Extensive experiments were conducted with a real-world multivariate mobility dataset, which we published openly along with this paper. As shown in the results, differentially private deep learning models trained under gradient or input perturbation achieve nearly the same performance as non-private deep learning models, with loss in performance varying between 0.57 and 2.8 % . The contribution of this paper is significant for those involved in urban planning and decision-making, providing a solution to the human mobility multivariate forecast problem through differentially private deep learning models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the target recognition effect of small UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) remote sensing image, this paper proposes a new super-resolution reconstruction method based on the recurrent convolutional network, which can achieve different degrees of super-resolution effect by controlling the number of cycles. Moreover, it can control the number of iterations of small UAVs with different degrees of blur and can be better adapted to the recognition scenarios of UAVs. In addition, this paper studies the target recognition method of small UAV remote sensing image, combines fuzzy clustering method to construct the intelligent remote sensing image target recognition model, combines it with the UAV structure, realizes remote sensing recognition by UAV, and designs experiments to analyze the effect of remote sensing recognition. Further, this paper improves the recognition algorithm and positioning algorithm of remote sensing image, so that recognition and positioning of UAV video remote sensing image can get better results. Finally, this paper verifies the performance of the system through simulation experiments. The research results show that the method proposed in this paper has certain reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the effect of landslide feature extraction, this paper improves the remote sensing image recognition algorithm with the support of a machine learning algorithm. Moreover, this paper combines UAV remote sensing images to extract landslide features, classifies and introduces the evaluation criteria for target detection and several representative target detectors. This paper also constructs the functional structure of the system according to the landslide feature extraction requirements and designs a set of optimization schemes for landslide feature data collection and control measurement suitable for field operations. In addition, this paper analyses the system kernel algorithm process and analyses the system function realization through simulation research. Finally, this paper designs an experiment to evaluate the practicability of the system constructed in this paper. From the results of experimental statistics, we can see that the system constructed in this paper has good practicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the inherent relationship between convolutional neural networks and sparse representation and proposes an improved convolutional neural network model for image synthesis in response to problems with current methods. In the testing phase, the calculation of the sparse coefficients involves the solution of complex optimization problems, which greatly reduce the operating efficiency, inspired by the successful application of convolutional neural networks in the field of image reconstruction. Compared with the traditional image portrait synthesis method, this model not only has an end-to-end closed form but also does not need to solve complex optimization problems in the synthesis stage. The synthesis experiment on an image dataset shows that this method not only improves the synthesis effect but also improves the efficiency of the traditional method by one to two orders of magnitude, demonstrating its potential application value. Blocking processing is a common method for sparse domain image modeling. It improves the computational efficiency but also decreases the global structure of the image, which is difficult to compensate for through the aggregation and overlap of image blocks. In response to this problem, this paper proposes a low-rank image inpainting method based on a Gaussian mixture model. This method embeds the local statistical characteristics of image blocks into the kernel norm model and not only uses the Gaussian mixture model to maintain the local details of the image but also describes the global low-rank structure of the image through the kernel norm, thus restoring a class of image data with a potential low-rank structure and theoretically revealing the structured sparse nature of the Gaussian mixture model. This paper optimizes the strategy based on random hidden neuron nodes and proposes a dropout anti-overfitting strategy based on sparsity. The experiments show that this strategy can effectively improve the convergence speed while ensuring good performance and can effectively prevent overfitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of green finance and the quantitative evaluation of its impact on the ecological environment provide empirical evidence for the construction of the carbon trading accounting system. Among them, carbon trading is an important part of green finance, and the accounting of businesses related to carbon emission rights has promoted the development of regional green finance. In order to explore the relationship between green finance and carbon emissions, this paper builds an analysis model of the relationship between green finance and carbon emissions based on big data and machine learning based on big data technology and machine learning technology. Moreover, this paper conducts simulation tests through the system and compares the output results with the actual situation after system simulation to verify the effectiveness of the model in this paper. From the experimental research results, it can be seen that the correlation analysis model of green finance and carbon emissions based on big data and machine learning constructed in this paper has a good performance in the correlation analysis of green finance and carbon emissions. Moreover, it is not difficult to see through the model of this paper that there is a clear correlation between green finance and carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The path planning system is an important part of unmanned vehicles, and the development of path planning technology will surely promote the rapid development of unmanned vehicle technology. In order to prevent the node from continuously monitoring its state, a self-triggering control strategy is proposed. Before the trigger moment, the node does not need to monitor its state. Moreover, considering the unpredictable problem of the node state, a control strategy triggered by the observed event is proposed, that is, only the output state information is used to determine the trigger time. In addition, this paper analyzes and models the two major factors that affect the local planning results, the environment and the vehicle, and uses the path smoothing and optimization method based on B-spline curve and the path optimization method based on the steering controller. Finally, this paper designs experiments to analyze the vehicle local path planning method and time consistency of the unmanned driving system. From the experimental results, it can be seen that the unmanned driving system constructed in this paper has a certain effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the effectiveness of signal processing, according to the actual needs of signal processing and the current problems in signal processing, this paper introduces an improved LSTM recurrent neural network algorithm to construct the signal processing algorithm. Moreover, this paper sets up the functional structure of this paper based on the neural network model structure, and builds an intelligent analysis system for signal processing tasks based on the LSTM recurrent neural network algorithm. In addition, this paper analyzes the system algorithm flow in detail, and combines experimental research to carry out the effectiveness of the system constructed in this paper, and conducts quantitative analysis from two aspects of signal threshold prediction and signal processing effect. Finally, this paper conducts experimental results research with the support of mathematical statistics methods. From the research point of view, it can be known that the system constructed in this paper has good signal processing functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heterogeneity of enterprise management will have a certain impact on enterprise investment. In order to explore the strength of this correlation, this paper builds an intelligent system that can be used for enterprise analysis with the support of machine learning technology, uses embedded algorithms to improve the traditional algorithm structure, and combines machine learning to optimize and analyze data processing. Moreover, this paper combines the heterogeneity of enterprise management and the actual needs of enterprise management, the current financial market investment status to analyze the system's functional structure, and combine the actual needs to construct the overall system architecture. In addition, this paper adopts algorithm analysis to the system process, analyzes the system logic layer structure, and builds the overall system structure framework. Finally, this paper designs an experiment to analyze the performance of the system constructed in this paper. From the experimental research, it can be seen that the system constructed in this paper basically meets the expected requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eighth paper by Suvra Jyoti Choudhury and Nikhil R. Pal proposes three methods using neural networks and evidential reasoning for the classification of incomplete dataset. The system is realized by combining the activated sludge model, convolutional neural network, and long short-term memory neural networks implementing both knowledge and data-driven modelling. The hybridization of fuzzy inference systems with related techniques, such as neural networks, granular computing and genetic algorithms, can synergize the fuzzy reasoning process with the connectionist structure, information granules and evolving parameter learning. [Extracted from the article]

Marine object detection is an appealing but challengeable task in computer vision. Even though recent popular object detection algorithms perform well on common classes, they cannot acquire satisfied detection performance on marine objects because underwater images are affected by color cast and blur, and scales of the target in underwater images are usually small. These phenomena aggravate the difficulty of detection. Thus, it is urgent to design a proper structure to settle marine object detection issues. To this end, this paper proposes a novel scale-aware feature pyramid architecture named SA-FPN to extract abundant robust features on underwater images and improve the performance on marine object detection. Specifically, we design a special backbone subnetwork to improve the ability of feature extraction, which could provide richer fine-grained features for small object detection. What is more, this paper proposes a multi-scale feature pyramid to enrich the semantic features for prediction. Each feature map is enhanced by the higher level layer with context information through a top-down upsampling pathway. Through obtaining ample feature maps on underwater images, our algorithm could generate multiple bounding boxes for each target. To mitigate the reduplicative boxes and avoid miss suppression, we replace the non-maximum suppression method with soft non-maximum suppression. In this paper, we evaluate our algorithm on underwater image datasets and achieve 76.27% mAP. Meanwhile, we conduct experiments on PASCAL VOC datasets and smart unmanned vending machines datasets and get 79.13% mAP and 91.81% mAP, respectively. The experimental results reveal that our approach achieves best performance not only on marine object detection, but also on common classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microscopic image analysis technology helps solve the inadvertences of artificial traditional methods in disease, wastewater treatment, and environmental change monitoring analysis. Convolutional neural network (CNN) play an important role in microscopic image analysis. Image segmentation, in which U-Net is increasingly applied in microscopic image segmentation, is a crucial step in detection, tracking, monitoring, feature extraction, modelling, and analysis. This paper comprehensively reviews the development history of U-Net, analyses several research results of various segmentation methods since the emergence of U-Net, and conducts a comprehensive review of related papers. This paper summarised the improved methods of U-Net and then listed the existing significance of image segmentation techniques and their improvements introduced over the years. Finally, focusing on the different improvement strategies of U-Net in different papers, the related work of each application target is reviewed according to detailed technical categories to facilitate future research. Researchers can see the dynamics of the transmission of technological development and keep up with future trends in this interdisciplinary field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the high-speed railway system, trains' original timetable is often disturbed by some emergencies including geological disasters and equipment failures, which brings great influence to passengers. This paper proposes a real-time high-speed train dispatching model in case of segment blockages, where a railway network is considered. The model includes the following two parts. First, if the trains are not cancelled or decelerated after a blockage occurs, the scope of the affected trains and stations is roughly estimated via the prediction of delay propagation model. Second, with the overall delay as the objective function, this paper constructs a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model by considering the following three adjustment strategies: cancellation, delayed departure and deceleration, where the safe headway of the train operation is guaranteed by the moving blocking principle. Furthermore, to reduce the computation complexity, the solution of the model is only considered within the scope obtained in the first stage. The model is verified by using a small railway network with Nanjing as the hub station, which shows that the model is useful for reducing the effect of a disruption on original timetable, especially in comparison with the First Scheduled First Served (FSFS) rule used in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vision-language navigation (VLN) tasks require an agent to follow language instructions from a human guide to navigate in previously unseen environments using visual observations. This challenging field, involving problems in natural language processing (NLP), computer vision (CV), robotics, etc., has spawned many excellent works focusing on various VLN tasks. This paper provides a comprehensive survey and an insightful taxonomy of these tasks based on the different characteristics of language instructions. Depending on whether navigation instructions are given once or multiple times, we divide the tasks into two categories, i.e., single-turn and multiturn tasks. We subdivide single-turn tasks into goal-oriented and route-oriented tasks based on whether the instructions designate a single goal location or specify a sequence of multiple locations. We subdivide multiturn tasks into interactive and passive tasks based on whether the agent is allowed to ask questions. These tasks require different agent capabilities and entail various model designs. We identify the progress made on these tasks and examine the limitations of the existing VLN models and task settings. Hopefully, a well-designed taxonomy of the task family enables comparisons among different approaches across papers concerning the same tasks and clarifies the advances made in these tasks. Furthermore, we discuss several open issues in this field and some promising directions for future research, including the incorporation of knowledge into VLN models and transferring them to the real physical world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most widely referenced Swarm Intelligence (SI) algorithms is the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), which is based on the pack hunting and natural leadership organization of grey wolves. The GWO algorithm offers several significant benefits, including simple implementation, rapid convergence, and superior convergence outcomes, leading to its effective application in diverse fields for solving optimization issues. Consequently, the GWO has rapidly garnered substantial research interest and a broad audience across numerous areas. To better understand the literature on this algorithm, this review paper aims to consolidate and summarize research publications that utilized the GWO. The paper begins with a concise introduction to the GWO, providing insight into its natural establishment and conceptual framework for optimization. It then lays out the theoretical foundation and key procedures involved in the GWO, following which it comprehensively examines the most recent iterations of the algorithm and categorizes them into parallel, modified, and hybridized variations. Subsequently, the primary applications of the GWO are thoroughly explored, spanning various fields such as computer science, engineering, energy, physics and astronomy, materials science, environmental science, and chemical engineering, among others. This review paper concludes by summarizing the key arguments in favour of GWO and outlining potential lines of inquiry in the future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coati optimization algorithm (COA) is a recently proposed heuristic algorithm. The COA algorithm, which solved the continuous optimization problems in its original paper, has been converted to a binary optimization solution by using transfer functions in this paper. Thus, binary COA (BinCOA) is proposed for the first time in this study. In this study, twenty transfer functions are used (four S-shaped, four V-shaped, four Z-shaped, four U-shaped, and four taper-shaped transfer functions). Thus, twenty variations of BinCOA are obtained, and the effect of each transfer function on BinCOA is examined in detail. The knapsack problem (KP) and uncapacitated facility location problem (UFLP), which are popular binary optimization problems in the literature, are chosen to test the success of BinCOA. In this study, small-, middle-, and large-scale KP and UFLP datasets are selected. Real-world problems are not always low-dimensional. Although a binary algorithm sometimes shows superior success in low dimensions, it cannot maintain the same success in large dimensions. Therefore, the success of BinCOA has been tested and demonstrated not only in low-dimensional binary optimization problems, but also in large-scale optimization problems. The most successful transfer function is T3 for KPs and T20 for UFLPs. This showed that S-shaped and taper-shaped transfer functions obtained better results than others. After determining the most successful transfer function for each problem, the enhanced BinCOA (EBinCOA) is proposed to increase the success of BinCOA. Two methods are used in the development of BinCOA. These are the repair method and the XOR gate method. The repair method repairs unsuitable solutions in the population in a way that competes with other solutions. The XOR gate is one of the most preferred methods in the literature when producing binary solutions and supports diversity. In tests, EBinCOA has achieved better results than BinCOA. The added methods have proven successful on BinCOA. In recent years, the newly proposed evolutionary mating algorithm, fire hawk optimizer, honey badger algorithm, mountain gazelle optimizer, and aquila optimizer have been converted to binary using the most successful transfer function selected for KP and UFLP. BinCOA and EBinCOA have been compared with these binary heuristic algorithms and literature. In this way, their success has been demonstrated. According to the results, it has been seen that EBinCOA is a successful and preferable algorithm for binary optimization problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to solve the Chinese Postman Problem (CPP) using an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm. In graph theory, the CPP looks for the shortest closed path that visits every edge of a connected undirected graph. This problem has many applications, including route optimization, interactive system analysis, and flow design. Although numerous algorithms aimed at solving CPP are present in the literature, very few meta-heuristic algorithms are proposed, and no ACO applications have been proposed to solve them. This paper tries to fill this gap by presenting an ACO algorithm that solves CPP (ACO-CPP). To prove its consistency and effectiveness, ACO-CPP is compared with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and a recursive algorithm throughout three experiments: (1) recursive-ACO-GA comparisons over randomly generated graphs for the attainment of the global optimum; (2) ACO-GA statistical comparisons over specifically generated graphs; (3) recursive-ACO-GA comparisons by changing ACO hyperparameters over randomly generated graphs for the attainment of the global optimum. The experiments prove that the ACO-CPP algorithm is efficient and exhibits a consistency similar to GA when the number of possible solutions to explore is relatively low. However, when that number greatly exceeds those explored, ACO outperforms GA. This suggests that ACO is more suitable for solving problems with a CPP structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object detection is one of the core tasks of computer vision, and bounding box (bbox) regression is one of the basic tasks of object detection. In recent years of related research, bbox regression is often used in the Intersection over Union (IoU) loss and its improved version. In this paper, for the first time, we introduce the Dice coefficient into the regression loss calculation and propose a new measure which is superior to and can replace the IoU. We define three properties of the new measure and prove the theory by mathematical reasoning and analysis of the existing work. This paper also proposes the N-IoU regression loss family. And the superiority of the N-IoU regression loss family is proved by designing simulation experiments and comparative experiments. The main results of this paper are: (1) The proposed new measure is better than IoU which can be used to evaluate bounding box regression, and the three properties of the new measure can be used as a broad criterion for the design of regression loss functions; and (2) we propose N-IoU loss. The parameter n of N-IOU can be debugged, which can be widely adapted to different application scenarios with higher flexibility, and the regression performance is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an intelligent healthcare framework by incorporating modern computing technologies like machine learning and deep learning. The sole motivation of this paper is to predict diabetes status intelligently so that patients can be made aware of their diabetes status regularly. A novel ensemble machine learning-based diabetes prediction framework, namely "iDP", has been proposed in this paper. Six different machine learning approaches have been used for the iDP framework, namely random forest, decision tree, neural network, AdaBoost, support vector machine, and XGBoost. Training and testing of ensemble modeling have been performed based on these learning techniques. A comprehensive preliminary data analysis and screening of statistical analysis have been systematically demonstrated in this paper. The recursive feature elimination and fivefold cross-validation methods have been used to select the best model. All experiments have been performed using R-Studio 1.2.5 with the help of the Rattle library 5.4.0. The preliminary data analytic and Pearson correlation coefficient values have been computed to verify the linearity relationship among the data. Results have been reported in eight performance metrics, including accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, area under curve, area under convex hull, minimum error rate, minimum weighted loss, and precision. The proposed iDP framework improves the results on different aspects in order to compare them with individual learning approaches. Despite this, a comparative performance analysis of the iDP framework has also been performed with state-of-the-art prevailing models. As per experiment, the iDP framework gives better results in most cases, like accuracy: 95.26%, AUC: 91.15%, sensitivity: 96.81%, specificity: 97.72% and precision: 90.72%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of information technology in modern society, the application of multimedia integration platform is more and more extensive. Speech recognition has become an important subject in the process of multimedia visual interaction. The accuracy of speech recognition is dependent on a number of elements, two of which are the acoustic characteristics of speech and the speech recognition model. Speech data is complex and changeable. Most methods only extract a single type of feature of the signal to represent the speech signal. This single feature cannot express the hidden information. And, the excellent speech recognition model can also better learn the characteristic speech information to improve performance. This work proposes a new method for speech recognition in multimedia visual interaction. First of all, this work considers the problem that a single feature cannot fully represent complex speech information. This paper proposes three kinds of feature fusion structures to extract speech information from different angles. This extracts three different fusion features based on the low-level features and higher-level sparse representation. Secondly, this work relies on the strong learning ability of neural network and the weight distribution mechanism of attention model. In this paper, the fusion feature is combined with the bidirectional long and short memory network with attention. The extracted fusion features contain more speech information with strong discrimination. When the weight increases, it can further improve the influence of features on the predicted value and improve the performance. Finally, this paper has carried out systematic experiments on the proposed method, and the results verify the feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sub-health state is a state of health and low quality between disease and health. The theoretical basis of children's sub-health is to start from the whole. The common clinical sub-health conditions cannot be explained by modern detection methods, and it can be screened and analyzed with the help of big data in medical informatization. The combination of "Internet + " and the health care model is an innovation in the construction of medical informatization. It can provide many considerate services to the masses in time and alleviate the anxiety of illness. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out the efficacy evaluation of children's sub-health from the perspective of medical information. Therefore, this paper completes the following work with the help of AI neural network: (1) This paper proposes an improved AlexNet network evaluation method based on attention mechanism. In this study, attention mechanism is added to the original AlexNet model to weight each channel of the feature layer. At the same time, we improve the large convolution kernel of the previous layers of the original AlexNet network and use batch normalization instead of the local response normalization (LRN) layer in the original model. (2) This paper proposes an evaluation method based on improved residual network, which improves the original residual block of the residual model and widens the residual block. The residual block can effectively reduce the amount of network parameters and improve the efficiency of network training. (3) This paper proposes an evaluation method of multi-scale feature fusion (MSFF). The features extracted from the improved AlexNet and residual network are fused and then evaluated. At this time, the training time is greatly shortened, and the accuracy is higher than that of single model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of digital media has changed the way people live and learn. In the context of the new era, digital media is gradually integrating into people's life and learning. Digital media contains massive images, and fine-grained image recognition for digital media has become an important topic. The challenge of fine-grained image recognition is that the difference between different categories is small, and the difference between the same categories is sometimes large. This work designs a fine-grained image recognition based on feature enhancement (FIRFE). This extracts as much information as possible from fine-grained images under weak supervision to improve the recognition accuracy. When the existing methods extract image features, the feature extraction other than the most significant local feature is not enough. This deals with local features alone and ignores the relationship between features. First, this paper designs a feature enhancement and suppression module to process image features. Secondly, this paper designs pyramid residual convolution. This uses different scale convolution kernels to capture different levels of features in the scene. Thirdly, this paper uses the softpool method to rationally allocate the information weight in the pooling process. Fourth, this paper uses feature focus module to mine more features. This focuses on obtaining similar information in multiple local features as discriminant features to further improve the recognition. Fifthly, this paper carried out systematic experiments on the designed method. The proposed method achieves 94.3%/95.7% accuracy, 92.9%/94.1% recall, and 91.4%/92.2% F1 score on different datasets. This verified the superiority of this method for fine-grained image recognition of digital media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research on state estimation for quadruped robots is critical. Its result passed to motion controller makes the robot navigate autonomously and adjust the gait to a more stable motion. The current research depends on a multi-sensor fusion of cameras, lidars or other proprioceptive sensors, such as Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and encoders. The high-frequency data are generally derived from body sensors, which is to be fused with data from external sensors directly, or preprocessed with EKF first. Due to its unguaranteed convergence and robustness of tracking state mutations, EKF is insufficient. Therefore, we study state estimation for hydraulic quadruped robot based on the fusion of IMU measurement and leg odometry in this paper, and Invariant Extended Kalman Filter (IEKF) is successfully applied to quadruped robots by using this method. Besides, neural networks are utilized to train the weight functions of foot force and the state of leg odometry, and our trained functions improve the accuracy of observation compared with common weight average methods. Finally, our experiments of accuracy show that the root mean square error of our method is significantly reduced and the absolute trajectory error is reduced by 30% compared to traditional IEKF. The algorithm achieves the drift per distance travelled below 4 cm/m. Moreover, it has good robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transmission line is one of the most crucial electric power system components, demanding special attention since they are subject to failures that can cause disruptions in energy supply. In this scenario, the fault location emerges as a fundamental task, providing an approximate position where the failure occurred in the line. This paper presents a method for fault location using a novel dynamic regressor selection (DRS) framework, in which we introduce embedded normalization, incorporating the data scaling process inside the framework. The DRS aims to select the most accurate models from a pool of regressors to predict the fault distance. Moreover, since there is a lack of a public dataset, this paper presents and makes a new fault dataset available to the scientific community with several features extracted from current and voltage signals of representative failure events. In our experiments, we demonstrate the importance of this embedded normalization as well as the significance in the variation of critical hyperparameters of the DRS strategy, such as the distance metric used to define the region of competence and the criterion to select the best regressors from the pool of predictors. This work also presents the definition of the oracle concept in DRS, which represents the ideal predictor selection scheme. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with a mean error of 0.7086 km ± 0.0068 km, representing 0.1712% ± 0.0016% of the transmission line extension (414 km). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter identifies a fundamental mistake in the published paper titled "A projective general linear group-based algorithm for the construction of substitution box for block ciphers." The projective general linear group-based algorithm is designed to provide high nonlinearity, low differential uniformity, and good resistance against linear and differential attacks. The projective general linear group-based algorithm uses the linear fractional transformation defined over finite field GF 2 8 . The authors of the paper claimed that the irreducible polynomial of degree 8 is used for the construction of a finite field GF 2 8 . We have observed that the projective general linear group-based algorithm uses a reducible polynomial of degree 8. Thus, the inverse of each element does not exist in the finite field GF 2 8 . We have also shown that the values of the S-Box given in the paper are also incorrect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adaptive predefined settling time performance tracking control for a class of uncertain nonlinear network systems with fast time-varying or even abrupt reference signals is studied. In this paper, an improved performance function with time-varying boundary (following the change of reference signal) is designed to overcome the problem that the traditional prescribed performance control (PPC) can only converge to a constant in steady state. Compared with the existing adaptive finite time prescribed performance congestion control for tracking fixed value reference signals, an adaptive predefined settling time prescribed performance congestion control strategy is proposed by means of some new recursive construction (introducing nonautonomous differential equations (NDE)) and analysis innovation. In addition, the network system considered in this paper is more general. Under the framework of backstepping, NDE is used iteratively to control the approximation error with boundary inequality. It is proved theoretically that all signals of the closed-loop system are predefined settling time bounded. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2020, novel coronavirus pneumonia has been spreading rapidly around the world, bringing tremendous pressure on medical diagnosis and treatment for hospitals. Medical imaging methods, such as computed tomography (CT), play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating COVID-19. A large number of CT images (with large volume) are produced during the CT-based medical diagnosis. In such a situation, the diagnostic judgement by human eyes on the thousands of CT images is inefficient and time-consuming. Recently, in order to improve diagnostic efficiency, the machine learning technology is being widely used in computer-aided diagnosis and treatment systems (i.e., CT Imaging) to help doctors perform accurate analysis and provide them with effective diagnostic decision support. In this paper, we comprehensively review these frequently used machine learning methods applied in the CT Imaging Diagnosis for the COVID-19, discuss the machine learning-based applications from the various kinds of aspects including the image acquisition and pre-processing, image segmentation, quantitative analysis and diagnosis, and disease follow-up and prognosis. Moreover, we also discuss the limitations of the up-to-date machine learning technology in the context of CT imaging computer-aided diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic eye disease and a common complication among the world's population. Evaporation of moisture from tear film or a decrease in tear production leads to an unstable tear film which causes DED. The tear film breakup time (TBUT) test is a common clinical test used to diagnose DED. In this test, DED is diagnosed by measuring the time at which the first breakup pattern appears on the tear film. TBUT test is subjective, labour-intensive and time-consuming. These weaknesses make a computer-aided diagnosis of DED highly desirable. The existing computer-aided DED detection techniques use expensive instruments for image acquisition which may not be available in all eye clinics. Moreover, among these techniques, TBUT-based DED detection techniques are limited to finding only tear film breakup area/time and do not identify the severity of DED, which can essentially be helpful to ophthalmologists in prescribing the right treatment. Additionally, a few challenges in developing a DED detection approach are less illuminated video, constant blinking of eyes in the videos, blurred video, and lack of public datasets. This paper presents a novel TBUT-based DED detection approach that detects the presence/absence of DED from TBUT video. In addition, the proposed approach accurately identifies the severity level of DED and further categorizes it as normal, moderate or severe based on the TBUT. The proposed approach exhibits high performance in classifying TBUT frames, detecting DED, and severity grading of TBUT video with an accuracy of 83%. Also, the correlation computed between the proposed approach and the Ophthalmologist's opinion is 90%, which reflects the noteworthy contribution of our proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement in modern imaging techniques like CT scan, MRI, PET scan etc., a vast amount of data is generated every day in the field of healthcare. Big data contains hidden information, which necessitates the development of intelligent systems to analyze it and extract relevant information, allowing for accurate and cost-effective decisions in the medical field. By utilizing the untapped potential of the big data available in the medical field, very precise models can be developed for the medical diagnosis of retinal diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging test that captures different, distinctive layers of the retina and optic nerve in a living eye to map and measure their thickness, that helps diagnose various retinal disorders. With the advancement of the application of deep learning-based techniques in the field of medical sciences, the use of convolutional neural network (CNN) based approaches for disease detection is gaining popularity. While the manual examination of 3D OCT images for the diagnosis of retinal disorders requires extensive time and expert intervention, the use of CNNs provides an effective automated option that provides results with higher accuracy while also reducing the time involved in the overall process. In this paper, we have implemented the aforementioned idea by proposing OCT-CNN, a CNN architecture, that automatically classifies retinal OCT images and identifies potential disorders in a living eye. Several techniques have been employed to enhance the performance of the proposed approach, including digital enhancement of the images, dropout regularization, adaptive learning rates, and early stopping of training to attain optimal performance. The performance of the proposed OCT-CNN is evaluated on the UCSD dataset against several popular deep CNN architectures and existing state-of-the-art approaches to automatic retinal OCT classification. The proposed OCT-CNN attains the best performance on all evaluated metrics, pushing the classification accuracies to 99.28% on CNV, 99.9% on DME, 99.38% on DRUSEN, and 100% on NORMAL images, indicating its superiority over existing state-of-the-art techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twin support vector regression (TSVR) has been widely applied in regression problems. TSVR seeks a pair of ε -insensitive proximal planes by solving two support vector machine type problems. TSVR assumes that the matrices appearing in the dual formulation are positive definite. However, in real-world scenarios, such an assumption may not be fulfilled and, hence, leads to suboptimal performance. ε -Twin support vector regression (ε -TSVR) improved the TSVR by introducing the regularisation term to avoid the singularity issues. Most of the twin support vector machine models involve the computation of matrix inverses. Also, TSVR implements the empirical risk minimization principle. In this paper, we propose an improved twin support vector regression (ITSVR) for brain age estimation by introducing different Lagrangian functions for the primal problems of the TSVR. The proposed ITSVR implements the structural risk minimization principle and avoids the computation of the matrix inverses. To solve the optimization problem more efficiently, we used successive overrelaxation (SOR) technique. We evaluated the proposed ITSVR on cognitively healthy subjects, mild cognitive impairment subjects and Alzheimer's disease subjects. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ITSVR has superior performance compared to the baseline models for brain age estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human-to-machine (H2M) communication is an important evolution in the industrial internet of health things (IIoHT), where many H2M interfaces are remotely interacting with industrial and medical assets. Lightweight protocols, such as constrained application protocol (CoAP), have been widely utilised in transferring sensing data of medical devices to end-users in smart satellite-based healthcare IIoT networks (SmartSat-IIoHT). However, such protocols are extensively deployed without appropriate security configurations, making attackers' mission easier for abusing these protocols to launch advanced cyber threats. This paper, therefore, presents a new threat intelligence framework to examine and model CoAP protocol's attacks in these systems. We present a ransom denial of service (RDoS) as a new threat that would exploit this protocol's vulnerabilities. We propose many RDoS attack's techniques to understand the attack indicators and analyse their behaviour on systems. Moreover, we present a real-time discovery of attacks' network behaviours using deep learning. The experiment results demonstrate that this proposed discovery model obtains a better performance in revealing RDoS than other conventional machine learning algorithms and accomplishing high fidelity of protecting SmartSat-IIoHT networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the course of this year, more than a billion people have been afflicted by the COVID-19 outbreak. As long as individuals maintain their social distance, they should all be secure at this period. Because of this, there has been a rise in the usage of different online technologies, but at the same time, there has also been a rise in the likelihood of different cyber-attacks. A DDoS assault, the most prevalent and deadly of them all, impairs an online resource for its users. Thus, in this paper, we have proposed a filtering approach that can work efficiently in the COVID-19 scenario and detect the DDoS attack. We base our proposed approach on statistical methods like packet score and entropy variation for the identification of DDoS attack traffic. We have implemented our proposed approach on Omnet++ and for testing its efficiency we have checked it with different test cases. Our proposed approach detects the DDoS attack traffic with 96% accuracy and can also clearly have differentiated the DDoS attack traffic from the flash crowd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the model and its curriculum learning method of garbage hierarchical classification and corresponding operation mode decision in home environment are proposed from the perspective of cleaning robot. In order to realize the hierarchical learning of garbage attribute concept, this paper designs a learning model with iterative feedback network as the backbone network. In the early stage of iteration, the model focuses on learning the state of garbage, in the middle stage, it focuses on the appearance attributes of garbage, and the specific categories of garbage in the later stage. At the same time, the attention module is introduced to achieve different levels of feature expression learning, which further improves the performance of the model. The evaluation was conducted on the collected garbage data set and the public CIFAR-100 and Stanford Cars data sets, which verified the effectiveness and wide applicability of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of crop disease detection in large-scale planting, a new crop disease detection algorithm based on multi-feature decision fusion is proposed. This paper proposes a multi-feature decision fusion disease discrimination algorithm (PD R-CNN) based on machine vision on crop surfaces. The algorithm is based on the machine vision processing model of R-CNN and integrates a disease discrimination algorithm on the basis of R-CNN. After training on crop image data sets, PD R-CNN can reach the goal of identifying crop surface lesions. This paper uses machine vision image acquisition, image processing and analysis technology to collect and analyze the growth of cucumber seedlings. The research results show that compared with manual judgment, PD R-CNN reduces the workload and can effectively distinguish crop diseases. Through experiments, during the occurrence of pests and diseases, PD R-CNN has a monitoring accuracy of 88.0% for mosaic disease, 92.0% for root rot, 88.0% for powdery mildew, and 86.0% for aphids, indicating that there are errors in actual monitoring, but the accuracy exceeds 85.0% can be put into use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the scientificity and reliability of medical behavior analysis, this paper combines machine learning and wireless sensor technology to construct an intelligent data mining system that can be used for medical behavior analysis and uses association rules to analyze and mine the implicit relationships between structural monitoring parameters. Moreover, this paper establishes strong association rules between different monitoring variables based on historical monitoring data under normal structural conditions to predict whether the structural conditions are normal. In addition, this paper constructs a system function module according to actual needs, obtains the overall system architecture, and implements the system function module in combination with algorithms. Finally, this paper designs experiments to verify the performance of the system constructed in this paper and discusses the experimental results through mathematical graph analysis methods. From the research point of view, it can be observed that the system constructed in this paper has a specific effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the changes in the landscape pattern of coastal cities and analyzing their land use conditions are conducive to understanding the internal structure of the city and in-depth analysis of the law of urban development, so as to propose governance measures and improvement methods in the aspects of economy, people's livelihood, and environment. Based on geographic information system and machine learning technology, this paper analyzes the internal mechanism, temporal and spatial characteristics and change laws of the intensive use of sea areas. The selection of research scale is in the exploratory stage, which is based on the research scale of land intensive use. Moreover, this paper combines landscape ecology to construct a coastal city landscape image simulation system and uses remote sensing technology to analyze the system model. Finally, this paper analyzes the performance of the coastal city landscape image simulation system constructed in this paper through experimental analysis. From the research results, the system constructed in this paper basically meets the needs of coastal city landscape image simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the effect of rural financial ecological environment evaluation, this paper combines machine learning and improved neural network algorithms to construct a rural financial ecological environment evaluation system. First, this paper optimizes the input layer structure and its initial weight random assignment. The input layer structure is processed by factor analysis, and the initial weight random assignment is optimized by particle swarm optimization. Secondly, this paper constructs a rural financial ecological environment evaluation model based on factor analysis method and PSO-SOM to avoid the defects of traditional SOM algorithm used in financial ecological environment evaluation research. Finally, this paper constructs a system framework based on actual needs and designs experiments to verify the performance of the evaluation system constructed in this paper. The research results show that the system constructed in this paper meets the basic needs of rural financial ecological environment evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the efficiency of national forest park ecotourism management, this paper analyzes the national forest park ecotourism management based on 5G network and machine learning and analyzes the prediction algorithm based on time series data used in the process of building the flow prediction network model. Moreover, this paper combines the actual data operation requirements to improve the algorithm, builds the system architecture according to the actual requirements of the national forest park ecotourism management, and performs data processing with the support of machine learning and 5G network. In addition, after constructing the system, this paper verifies the performance of the system and processes the test results through statistical methods. From the experimental analysis, it can be seen that the system constructed in this paper basically meets the needs of ecotourism management in the national forest park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the effect of physical education and training, this paper combines machine learning technology to identify sports training features and action prediction, and combines Internet of Things technology to process physical education and training data, and build a physical education and training system based on machine learning and Internet of Things. In order to solve some shortcomings of the original extreme learning machine, this paper gradually optimizes the hidden layer mapping and parameter optimization to further improve the accuracy of prediction. Moreover, this paper uses the Internet of Things technology to achieve long-term uninterrupted data collection, and after the data have been processed to a certain extent, an extreme learning machine is used to predict the situation of sports training. Finally, this paper designs experiments to verify the performance of the system. The research results show that the physical education and training system constructed in this paper have certain practical effects and can optimize the physical education and training process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asymptotic stability of delayed reaction-diffusion neural networks with algebraic constraints, that is, singular delayed reaction-diffusion neural networks, is studied in this paper. In terms of Green's theorem, inequality technique and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), two less conservative criterion for the asymptotic stability of singular delayed reaction-diffusion neural networks are given by endowing Lyapunov direct method and used to design an appropriate stabilizing feedback controllers. The results address both the effects of the delay and the algebraic constraints. In addition, these conditions have higher computational efficiency and can easily detect and stabilize the actual neural networks. Finally, the numerical simulations verify the validity of the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Portfolio managements in financial markets involve risk management strategies and opportunistic responses to individual trading behaviours. Optimal portfolios constructed aim to have a minimal risk with highest accompanying investment returns, regardless of market conditions. This paper focuses on providing an alternative view in maximising portfolio returns using Reinforcement Learning (RL) by considering dynamic risks appropriate to market conditions through dynamic portfolio rebalancing. The proposed algorithm is able to improve portfolio management by introducing the dynamic rebalancing of portfolios with vigorous risk through an RL agent. This is done while accounting for market conditions, asset diversifications, risk and returns in the global financial market. Studies have been performed in this paper to explore four types of methods with variations in fully portfolio rebalancing and gradual portfolio rebalancing, which combine with and without the use of the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to predict stock prices for adjusting the technical indicator centring. Performances of the four methods have been evaluated and compared using three constructed financial portfolios, including one portfolio with global market index assets with different risk levels, and two portfolios with uncorrelated stock assets from different sectors and risk levels. Observed from the experiment results, the proposed RL agent for gradual portfolio rebalancing with the LSTM model on price prediction outperforms the other three methods, as well as returns of individual assets in these three portfolios. The improvements of the returns using the RL agent for gradual rebalancing with prediction model are achieved at about 27.9–93.4% over those of the full rebalancing without prediction model. It has demonstrated the ability to dynamically adjust portfolio compositions according to the market trends, risks and returns of the global indices and stock assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to generate high-quality realistic images, this paper proposes an image conversion algorithm based on hybrid attention generation adversarial network. This network is composed of the generator and discriminator, both of which are jointly trained through the loss function. The generator is constructed by using a three-stage structure of down-sampling, residual and up-sampling blocks where the residual block uses a hybrid attention mechanism. The compromised instance and layer normalization is also proposed by weighting the output of the fully connected layer. The multi-scale PatchGAN is introduced as the discriminator. The proposed network can produce more realistic images using a new loss function, which comprises four iterms: generation adversarial loss, L 1 regularization loss, VGG loss and feature matching loss. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method can produce more realistic and detailed images than the state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary heart disease is a heart disease caused by coronary atherosclerosis, which seriously endangers human life and health. More and more studies have shown that diabetes is one of the main pathogenic factors of coronary heart disease and has an important relationship with coronary heart disease. At present, the mainstream treatment of coronary heart disease complicated with diabetes mellitus is the use of coronary angiography, which is the gold standard of treatment at present. However, it still has a certain risk, and most of the postoperative complications, the improvement method is to use FFR evaluation standard. At present, there are few special researches on this aspect. Therefore, this paper proposes the application research of FFR based on deep learning in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease complicated with diabetes mellitus. Through the core theoretical research on coronary heart disease complicated with diabetes mellitus and FFR, this paper analyzes that the existing coronary angiography is still in the development stage, which has a positive effect on the treatment of coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus. On this basis, combined with FFR can play a better therapeutic effect. The second part is the establishment method of the related comparative experiment. This experiment adopts real coronary heart disease complicated with diabetes cases, through the way of random grouping, each group of 41 people, one group was FFRCT group, the other was FFRQCA group, and in order to ensure the experimental effect, a unified evaluation index is established. In the third part, the comparative analysis of the experimental methods of angina pectoris was carried out. Through the analysis of experimental data, it is shown that the safety, postoperative complications control and comprehensive treatment effect of this method are significantly improved compared with the traditional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the outlier-resistant variance-constrained H ∞ state estimation problem for a class of discrete time-varying recurrent neural networks with randomly occurring deception attacks. The randomly occurring deception attacks are modeled by a series of random variables satisfying the Bernoulli distribution with known probability. In addition, the saturation function is introduced to reduce the negative impact from the measurement outliers onto the estimation performance. The objective of this paper is to propose an outlier-resistant finite-horizon state estimation scheme without utilizing the augmentation method such that, in the presence of measurement outliers and randomly occurring deception attacks, some sufficient criteria are obtained ensuring both the desired H ∞ performance index and the error variance boundedness. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the feasibility of the presented outlier-resistant variance-constrained H ∞ state estimation algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Names make up a large portion of queries in search engines, while the name ambiguity problem brings negative effect to the service quality of search engines. In digital academic systems, this problem refers to a large number of publications containing ambiguous author names. Name ambiguity derives from many people sharing identical names, or names may be abbreviated. Although some methods have been proposed in the decade, this problem is still not completely solved and there are many subproblems needing to be studied. Due to lack of information, it is a nontrivial task to distinguish ambiguous authors accurately relying on limited internal information only. In this paper, we focus on the cold-start disambiguation task with homonymous author names, i.e., distinguishing publications written by authors with identical names. We present a supervised framework named DND (abbreviation for Distributed Framework for Name Disambiguation) to solve the author disambiguation problem efficiently. DND utilizes accessible information and trains a robust function to measure similarities between publications, and then determines whether they belong to the same author. In traditional clustering-based approaches for author disambiguation, the number of clusters which is the amount of authors sharing the same name is hard to predict in advance, while DND transforms the clustering task to a linkage prediction task to avoid specifying the number of clusters. We validate the effectiveness of DND on two real-world datasets. The experimental results indicate that DND achieves a competitive performance compared with the baselines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metaheuristic applications for information retrieval research are limited in spite of the importance of this problem domain. Ranking the retrieved documents based on their importance is a vital issue for the scientific and industrial communities. This paper proposes a novel variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithm with adaptation based on an objective function for the learning to rank (LTR) problem. VNS is a global optimum metaheuristic algorithm that has been engaged to evolve the optimal solutions for heuristic problems based on exploring better neighbor solutions from the current one. The changes from the current to the next optimal solution are made during the perturbation stage to identify the global optimal solutions. The exploration procedure has been made through various mutation step sizes, whereas the exploitation process has been done by checking the quality of the evolved solutions using the fitness function. This research proposes a novel version of VNS based on four random probability distributions with gradient ascent. In addition to using the traditional random generator with gradient ascent for modifying the mutated genes of the neighborhood candidate solution in the following evolving iteration. This novel method in LTR is called gradient variable neighborhood (GVN). In the experiments, we utilized Microsoft Bing search (MSLR-WEB30K), Yahoo, and TREC Million Queries Competitions in 2008 and 2007 (LETOR 4) datasets. From the findings of the results, we can deduce that the GVN method outperformed recent studies on LTR methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and the emergency of ever-growing vehicular applications pose significant challenges to the underlying communication system. Without the support of powerful communication, many vehicular services will just stay in conceptual phase and cannot be put into practice. Recently, vehicular fog computing (VFC) is introduced as a promising solution to provide low-latency services on roads, which utilizes enormous vehicles on roads as communication and computation resources and extends cloud computing service to an edge network. On the other hand, the publish/subscribe (pub/sub) paradigm provides a loosely coupled and scalable communication which can facilitate flexible and dynamic vehicular network services. Motivated by the merits of these two research fields, in this paper, we propose a novel joint design of pub/sub-communication model based on VFC architecture, which employs fog nodes as the data platform for messages aggregation. Specifically, we describe a method to predict the vehicle's destination and construct a stable VFC on roads. Then, a message dissemination approach is designed based on our communication model. Finally, the experimental results confirm the efficiency of our proposed scheme in real-world urban scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around 3 million people worldwide have an arm amputation. These people face a lot of trouble in their everyday life whilst performing basic tasks. This paper proposes a novel deep learning-based approach for predicting arm movements using EEG-based signals. We plan to design and develop an active exoskeleton controlled by the same EEG-based signals to rehabilitate the amputees. The architecture design is intended to build an exoskeleton arm with at least 3 degrees of freedom that can perform complex movements and is sophisticated enough to substitute for a real arm. This prosthetic arm will be controlled using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals gathered by different devices/headsets and processed using deep learning models. The results show that our proposed approach gives excellent results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) are one of the most advanced techniques for classifying images in a range of applications. One of the most prevalent cancers that cause death in women is breast cancer. For survival rates to increase, early detection and treatment of breast cancer is essential. Deep learning (DL) can help radiologists diagnose and classify breast cancer lesions. This paper proposes a computer-aided system based on DL techniques for automatically classify breast cancer tumors in histopathological images. There are nine DCNN architectures used in this work. Four schemes are performed in the proposed framework to find the best approach. The first scheme consists of pre-trained DCNNs based on the transfer learning concept. The second scheme performs feature extraction of the DCNN architectures and uses a support vector machine (SVM) classifier for evaluation. The third one performs feature integration to show how the integrated deep features may enhance the SVM classifiers' accuracy. Finally, in the fourth scheme, the Chi-square (χ2) feature selection method is applied to reduce the large feature size in the feature integration step. The results of the proposed system present a promising performance for breast cancer classification with an accuracy of 99.24%. The system performance shows that the proposed tool is suitable to assist radiologists in diagnosing breast cancer tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]