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The article reports on the celebration made by the Linnean Society of London for the 150 years anniversary since the reading of the seminal evolution papers by British naturalists Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace at one of the meetings of the organization in England in 1858. According to the article, the reading of the papers marks the removal of humanity from the center of creation to promote the concept of evolution that theorizes that life came into being by a process of natural selection.

The article focuses on a study conducted by researchers led by Steven Bramwell of the University College London and Sean Giblin of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in London, England regarding the physical evidence for currents of magnetic monopoles. Bramwell states that the pairwise magnetic interactions between spinning atoms in spin ices stays disordered down to absolute zero. Giblin adds that a muon can be incredibly sensitive to local magnetic fields.

The article reports on the discovery of David Colquhoun and Lucia Sivilotti on the mechanism that explains the response of receptors to partial agonists in London, England. It reveals that many drugs work by binding to a specific cell receptors and stimulating its activity triggers a cascade of events in the cell. These drugs and the naturally occurring chemicals with the same modus operandi are called agonists but some of these elicit a powerful response while others generate smaller responses even at high levels to occupy all the available receptors. Both of them discovered a new mechanism to explain how receptors respond to partial agonists wherein they found that agonist-bound receptor can exist in one of three states, resting, partially activated or flipped from resting.

The article presents the study regarding Saturn's outermost ring, the F ring, conducted by Carl Murray and colleagues at Queen Mary, University of London in London, England. According to the author, Murray found out that constant collisions and the gravitational pull among a population of small satellites give the ring its form. It reveals that the narrow F ring of Saturn was discovered from images captured by the Pioneer 11 spacecraft in 1979. In addition, later data from Voyager 1 and 2 depicted that the ring as having a core about 1 kilometre wide surrounded by a 50 kilometre wide envelope, both supposedly held in place by the gravitational pull of Prometheus and Pandora, Saturn's shepherding moons.

Profiles Andrew Smith, a paleontologist at the Natural History Museum in London. Career background; Achievements and awards; Civic activities; Biographic profile; Job responsibilities; Institutional and organizational affiliations.

The author discusses aspects of maximizing the use of public research in Great Britain. He states that the most significant policy moves in open access in 2012 came from Research Councils UK (RCUK) and the Wellcome Trust. He mentions that from April 2013, papers arising from RCUK funding must be made free to access.

The article offers the author's insights on the policy report called "Science as an Open Enterprise" from the Royal Society in London, England concerning access to scientific papers and theories. He mentions that open inquiry to scientific research and publication of scientific papers and theories allow others to identify errors, refine theories and reuse of data. He states that everyone will benefit from a more open information access.

Reports on the chemistry research conducted by students aged 16-17 at Westminster School in London, England. First research paper of the students that has been published.

The author discusses on exhibitions, demonstrating the legacy of the final expedition of Robert Scott in Antarctica. He mentions that Scott's Last Expedition exhibition at the Natural History Museum in London, England includes a full-size representation of the hut with actual artefacts. Moreover, he adds that These Rough Notes exhibition at the Scott Polar Research Institute in Cambridge, England shows personnel papers of Scott and other expedition members.

Focuses on the literary exploits of novelist A. S. Byatt in London, England. Influence of science in writing her novels; Obsession in writing a novel about perception; Role of science in creating the characters of her writings.

Focuses on the exhibition of medical drawings in London, England. Repair of a post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect; Incision in the left ventricle to get access to the ventricular cavities; Relationship of the papillary muscles and the underside of the atrioventricular valves; Reintroduction of drawing into the teaching of science and technologies.

The article offers information on the termination on the China-based researcher from London-based drug firm GlaxoSmithKline. It states that Jingwu Zang, head of a neurodegenerative-disease research unit in Shanghai, China, for GlaxoSmithKline has received a letter of official termination of employment on June 9, 2013. It informs that result obtained from investigation showed that certain data in the paper were in fact misrepresented.

The article offers information on the finding that caloric restriction extends the lifespan of many organisms that led to drastic measures by humans in the hope of extending their lifespan. Dominic Withers of University College London, London , England and his colleagues found that when the gene S6k1 was removed from mice samples lived nine percent longer compared to other samples. The finding suggests that the manipulation of the gene S6k1 could be a strategy for researchers to develop drugs that copy the positive effect of the regime.

The article discusses research by John Macdonald of the University of Bristol, Great Britain, regarding the Millennium Bridge in London, England and the biomechanics of balance and stepping. Macdonald's model shows that the adjustments people make to keep their balance were adding energy to the bridge's natural wobble which increased its sway.

The author reflects on the centenary of the birth of computer pioneer, code-breaker, and polymath Alan Turing who was born in London, England on June 23, 1912. He mentions the accomplishments of Turing who was also a marathon runner with a time of two hours and 46 minutes and notes his contributions to the fields of human, artificial, and military intelligence. He also cites article by mathematician Andrew Hodges which provides an account of Turing's role in the development of computers.

The article reports on the issue concerning the method used by post-publication peer review Faculty of 1000 (F1000) in ranking scholarly journals in London, England which relies on the scores awarded to individual scientific papers. It states that such scores could be changed based on the interests and enthusiasms of reviewers. However, F1000's associate editor Richard Grant says that these rankings provide valuable measure to authors complementary to journal league tables on citation impact.

The article focuses on a conversation between a young boy and an old lady who is a cleaner at a museum situated at Trafalgar square in London, England. She is cleaning a painting titled "Velázquez's Venus" with her bleach solution and cotton rag and answering the boy's queries about her work. She divulges that she enjoy her work but now she has become old for it. The boy hands over a picture of green-brown coloured algae colonies to her, whom she analyzes with admiration and returns back.

The article provides information about contributing authors Christoph Renner and Gabriel Aeppli, who were headed for London, England in 2002 for a research project. Their destination was the London Center for Nanotechnology based at the University College London. Their work focuses on materials known as layered manganites.

This article reports that U.S. artist Ellen Gallagher's current installation, "Ichthyosaurus," in Hampstead, London, England, cites early work by Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud that he rarely mentioned in his later years. Although best known as the founder of psychoanalysis, Freud also worked as a neurologist and anatomist between 1876 and 1896. Fifteen of Freud's drawings of Petromyzon from 1876 and 1877 are displayed for the first time, in conjunction with Gallagher's installation. Gallagher has placed three glass specimen jars containing fanciful marine creatures among Freud's own objects, and has hung three mixed-media works from her "Watery Ecstatic" series, begun in 2001, on his walls.

Features new churches in east London, England. Foundations of the churches; Technique used in the construction; Commission for building the new churches.

Discusses the issues related to intellectual freedom and providing free public access to scientific literature in London, England. Launch of the guidelines supporting free access to scientific literature and reserves the right of publishers to charge for the literature; Probability to cut back on publishing activities if open access continues; Willingness of authors to pay a certain amount to publish a paper.

Focuses on Annie Cattrell's photogram exhibition at the Royal Institution in London, England. Abstract visualizations in science; Iconographical theme.

The article presents information on the concept of species in taxonomy. Georgina Mace, head of the population biology programme at Imperial College, London, England, and her colleagues have documented the changes in the number of species influenced by taxonomic inflation. Mace believes that the prevalence of the phylogenetic species concept, rather than the biological species concept has led to the development of the taxonomic inflation.

The article offers a preview of the exhibition "Leonardo da Vinci: Anatomist" to be held at The Queen's Gallery in London, England on May 4-7, 2012.

The article focuses on the genome reconstruction of Yersinia pestis, a bubonic plague bacterium, which was recovered from the Black Death victims' remains at East Smithfield, England. It says that when Alexandre Yersin linked Y. pestis to plague, scientists suspected that the pathogen was also behind a spate mass die-offs. It mentions the book "The Decameron," by Giovanni Boccaccio, which contains clues and symptoms of the pathogen. It adds that fleas spread the disease to human.

The article discusses the effort of Michael de Podesta of the National Physical Laboratory in Teddington, London, England in redefining the kelvin as the basic unit of thermodynamic temperature. It states that Podesta with the help of his research team is trying to lessen the error margin in measuring the Boltzmann constant discovered by researcher Mike Moldover and his research team. The article also mentions other researchers who try to redefine the kelvin including Richard Davis, and James Mehl.

The article discusses the warnings issued by the Francis Crick Institute, a medical research center in London, England, which held that vibrations and electromagnetic fields generated by the proposed Crossrail 2 could interfere with scientific work. The warnings first emerged from the Medical Research Council, owner of major shares of the Crick's construction budget and will move staff from the National Institute of Medical Research. Details of the proposed construction are noted.

The article reviews the exhibitions Animals Inside Out, featuring the works of anatomist Gunther von Hagens at the Natural History Museum in London, England that runs until September 16, 2012 and the exhibition at the Tate Modern in London, featuring the works of Damien Hirst that runs until September 19, 2012.

The article focuses on translational research in Great Britain, which will remark a new direction in the development of anticancer drugs. According to biologist, Alan Ashworth, translational medicine will move to the development of basic biology idea into a successful clinical application. It states the genetic concept of "synthetic lethality" in which mutations are harmless on their own genes but together can kill a cell. It notes the BRCA2 mutations which is susceptible to cancer but can also repair DNA damage through homologous recombination. Furthermore, 12 million pounds has been allocated as funding for the Institute of Cancer Research which aims to improve the understanding, causes and prevention of cancer.

The article reviews the exhibition "Death" at the Wellcome Collection in London, England.

The author reflects on the importance of local action in preserving the biodiversity. The author remarks that the whole-system method and effective management in the lakes of London, England and Japan have restored the ecosystems and have helped in giving benefits to the people in the locality. The author mentions that there could be a cause towards preservation of biodiversity if every country can endow its citizens and the international research communities, concentrating on local threats.

The article presents a blog concerning the business condition of online journals in England. According to Frank Norman, head of library services at the Medical Research Council's National Institute for Medical Rsearch in London, the business in selling information resources is tricky. He notes that most journals prefer selling full articles at substantial prices and with only the abstract as a preview.

The article reports on the sci-art exhibit "Carbon Rupture" by chemical ecologist and sculptor Graeme Jones in London, England. It features larger-than-life chemical models of the different forms of carbon. Chloé Sharrocks, a Nature Network's London blogger, stated that Jones is a passionate scientific communicator who keeps on trying to re-establish science at the heart of culture. Jones hopes that the exhibit will generate better appreciation of scientific value from the people.

The article reports on the findings of the study related to mucosal immunology by infection biologist Linda Klavinskis of Kings College in London, England. It notes that Klavinskis analyzed the microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP) responsiveness of dendritic cells which migrate from gut tissue to local lymph nodes. Through this analysis, she found out that dendritic cells respond to Bacillus spores and most MAMPs.

The article elaborates on the results of the research conducted by Nicola Hamilton and David Attwell of the University of College London regarding the correlation of brain chemical transporter and sexual orientation in London, England. Researchers found that many nerve cells in the brain release the chemical neurotransmitter glutamate to signal to other neurons via receptors. The dedicated transporters then remove glutamate from the extracellular space to end signaling. They discovered that cystine-glutamate exchangers are unusual glutamate transporters because they do the reverse, adding glutamate to the extracellular space while moving cystine.

The author reflects on the intellectual stimulation of the meetings in the biomedical symposia of Ciba Foundation which began in 1950 held in London, England. It is stated that scientific ideas of scientists attending the symposia are stimulated by the meetings. On the other hand, other scientists were devastated when their notions were rejected by their colleagues.

The article reports on the exhibition called "The Ship: The Art of Climate Change," running from June 3 through September 3, 2006 at the Natural History Museum in London, England. The Cape Farewell project focuses on the social and global implications of accelerating climate changes. The generation of art installations and creative writing aims to raise awareness of climate change.

Features Sandra Kemp's exhibition presented by the Wellcom Trust at Science Museum in London, England. Series of scientific representations exploring where the face begins and ends; Contemporary images from scans of faces and of blood vessels in the face and head; Collection of masks used to conceal and transform identity because of disease.

The article discusses about the experiences of a graduate student of particle physics at Imperial College, London, England. According to the graduate student scientists need to share their experience with the audience.

Focuses on the exhibition of rat fleas at the Natural History Museum in London, England. Public campaign regarding the role of insects in spreading disease; Style of exhibit.

Presents exhibitions on neurons in London, England. Fluidity of brain function; Contributions of Andrew Carnie and Richard Wingate; Visualization of the brain.