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The article discusses several issues related to finance from different countries of the world. It is conceded by all financiers that the monetary condition in Europe is abnormal; the scramble for gold is acute and universal. Nations with good credit, alike with nations whose currency is on a paper basis, join in the efforts to get gold and to hoard it. London, England is the money clearing-house for the commercial world, and London, watching the battle now going on among Continental nations, has been carefully guarding her metal treasure. All knots come to the comb, and the Giolitti comb has got entangled in a number at the same time. Ever since the forced circulation of paper money, the banks of issue, especially the Tuscan and the Roman, have had their troubles, which have been from time to time staved off. There are two distinct parties in Italy on banking questions, the one advocating a single bank, the other that all banks are allowed to issue notes on their own account and responsibility.

It may not be known in the U.S. that among the reactionary countries of Europe Hungary furnishes the greatest number of political émigrés. Tens of thousands of professionals as well as laborers fled to the neighboring countries rather than submit to the autocracy of Admiral Horthy and Captain Gombos. To give an idea of the number and the intellectual qualities of the émigrés it should be mentioned that in Vienna alone they have eight papers of their own, two of which are dailies. Another characteristic fact of the emigration is that the number of books printed in the Hungarian language, treating political subjects, published in Vienna, exceeds by far the number of books of the same kind published in the capital of Hungary.

Presents several letters to the editor about various articles published in previous issues of the periodical "The Nation." Congratulations on the Sixtieth Anniversary of the periodical; Doubt on number of cases dismissed for lack of proof in the article on the U.S. Federal Trade Commission; Laws on birth-control in Europe.

This article focuses on the music release "Blue Danube Waltz," by Johann Strauss. It evoked the grace of the Danube River with delicate crescendos of strings and brass. Received as a sensation when performed in the concert halls of Europe, the piece contributed to a practically mystical reverence for that greatest of European rivers, which has given life to civilizations and dispensed agricultural nourishment and romance along its route. The Danube, in Strauss's day, ran like a sinuous muscle across 1,700 miles of Central Europe. Today, however, the Danube's waters are among the most harnessed of any river on the planet, straddled by more than thirty dams as the river traverses nine frontiers from its headwaters in Germany's Black Forest to its mouth in the Black Sea.

On paper, the European Monetary System still exists, even if it is barely a shadow of its former self. Until August 2, 1993 the participants in the Exchange Rate Mechanism were so tied together that the variations in their currencies were limited to a maximum of 4.5 percent. Now, except for the mark and the Dutch guilder, they can fluctuate by as much as 30 percent. Whatever face-saving words officials may use, currencies are floating. Euroenthusiasts will object that the arrangement is, in principle, provisional and that this is not the first setback on the road toward Europe's integration.

The article presents information on various political developments. At a great mass meeting in Albert Hall last week, resolutions were passed demanding a different peace treaty and a peace of reconciliation and the immediate relief of starving Europe. In Switzerland, the feeling against the League of Nations is reported to be growing rapidly because of the peace. In another development, reports of wholesale massacres of Jews in Poland have at length gotten a tardy and imperfect publicity in this country, although the English papers have had a good deal to say about them for months.

The United States Monetary Commission's work was from the start taken personally in hand by its chairman. But during nearly all of its three first years of existence, its work was confined to investigation of the European banking systems by a subcommittee and of preparation of monographs on various aspects of the problem. What plan would be recommended was not known until in January 1911, when the chairman personally gave out what he described as a "suggested plan of monetary legislation." This elaborate outline of a scheme for a central banking organization, to be owned and controlled exclusively by the banks of the United States, with due representation of the government on its official board, was further revised later.

Art is still alive in Russia. In Moscow and Petrograd theaters, lectures, conferences, concerts of both classic and popular music daily attract crowds of spectators and listeners. The scarcity of paper throughout Europe is most acutely felt in Russia, yet thousands of volumes of prose and poetry, editions of art and books of popularized science are published and read. The workingman, whom the revolution has emancipated, takes an earnest and active interest in artistic manifestations. Popular theaters, schools of poetry and music have been founded throughout Russia. It is premature to say whether these centers of proletarian culture will prove fruitful so far as creative genius is concerned, but they seem to indicate that the Russian masses are far from being iconoclasts; they have approached art not only with great respect but also with real sympathy and comprehension.

The refusal of the British to admit more than a thin trickle of the displaced Jews of Europe to Palestine has mobilized the entire Jewish community in opposition to this policy. Boatload after boatload of Jewish immigrants in past months has made its way to Palestine, only to be forcibly removed and sent to the Island of Cyprus. Each transfer has been accompanied by resistance, first on the part of the immigrants themselves, and, second on that of the Jewish community. Regarding restrictions of the White Paper as illegal, the Jews of Palestine decline to regard any Jewish immigration as illegal.

For diplomatists and statesmen of England, it has not been the inspiration among the inheritors of the liberal traditions of England. For them Zionism is right in itself. They see 2,000 years of persecution and ostracism, 2,000 years of intolerance. State and church, their enemies too, have united in the age-long persecution of a race. They see Zionism not only as a city of refuge for the oppressed, but one which they and England have taken a share in building. It is a credit to them. It is their amende, a gesture in the face of the liberal nations of continental Europe.

After Jean Rous left the French Socialist Party last December, he has attracted considerable attention as a columnist on Franc-Tireur, the paper that only a few months ago was suspected of being fellow-traveler and today is the principal target of a Communist campaign against the "milk and water" left. People like Rous saw their mission in the French Socialist Party very clearly: to further the party's genuinely Socialist objectives anito oppose "the neo-Radical movement which under the pretext of "humanism" wanted to sweeten the party by changing it into a kind of center party which would be the lay wing of the famous travaillisme sans travailleurs." He believes that the urgent necessity is to create a new center of left socialism, in France and throughout Europe.

Presents several letters to the editor. Ignorance of English in schools in European countries; Discussion on literary and medical degrees in the United States; Decoration of reading rooms in public libraries in the United States.

This article focuses on various political issues around the world. The question which has been raised in the discussion about the cession of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany, whether, even supposing the inhabitants were not wholly French in feeling, France could defend her unwillingness to surrender them on the ground of prescription, can hardly yet be said to be a practical one, as far as the present war is concerned. The controversy which has been raging for some months between the New York papers about the ownership of the telegrams received from certain correspondents at the scene of hostilities in Europe, is, perhaps, except the great increase in the consumption of lager-beer, the most curious incident of the war on this side of the ocean. It is, of course, very unfortunate that so valuable an officer as secretary Jacob Dolson Cox should resign his place in the cabinet, but it would be still more unfortunate if the public were left in ignorance of, or under any misapprehension about, the cause of his resignation.

This article focuses on the democratic nationality. In Europe the idea of national polity is most nearly approached in the British Constitution; where, though the forms of royalty are still maintained, Parliament is omnipotent; and the voice of the. Commons, swollen by the voice of popular assemblies outside of Parliament, makes the nation felt as a power, though the people are still limited in suffrage, and though land, office, and social consideration are largely monopolized by the nobility. In Germany the full realization of nationality is still hindered by vicious and cumbersome political divisions, making the states a pasture ground for petty princes; while France vibrates from the extreme of popular sovereignty to that of imperial absolutism. Nevertheless the tendency of the modern period of society with which we stand connected is toward nationalization, and against either a feudal federation or a despotic centralization.

It is perhaps idle to make any conjectures on the results of the interview of the three Emperors in Berlin, Germany; and it is a remarkable fact that so far nothing has transpired of the conversations held. between the three sovereigns and their ministers. The secret has been so well kept that journalists have been thrown back on their imagination and their instinct. For the present day, it may be said that the moral director and ruler of European politics, the arbiter of the European Continent, is Prince Otto von Bismarck. Whatever was done and said at Berlin was said and done under his influence and under his control. The key of the interview of the three Emperors must, therefore, be sought in the character and opinions of Prince Bismarck himself. Bismarck, who knows all the forces of the times, had secured many allies in the press of Vienna, Austria. Some of the leading papers of the Austrian capital are more Prussian than the papers of Berlin. The Jews, who are very numerous in Vienna, and very influential, are all his allies, as Bismarck represents in their eyes the cause of religious freedom.

The article presents information on the inflation in Europe. The economic reconstruction of Europe after the military collapse of Nazi Germany will be at best extremely difficult; if Britain and America continue the policies they have followed thus far, the results may be disastrous. One of the worst dangers facing every European country after the war is inflation and Anglo-American policy in the liberated regions has encouraged its start and its growth. Concerning the situation in Italy, Marcelio Soleri, Minister of Finance, declared, "Everything is scarce in Italy but paper money." The condition of the currency is a nightmare; it worries responsible people in the Allied Commission and the Italian government even more, if possible, than the shortage of food. The Anglo-American administration, however, is largely to blame.

Europe is at peace, but the Eastern Question survives to plague European diplomacy, and ominous mutterings from the Balkan Peninsula reach us in fragmentary cable reports of a plot to overthrow Ferdinand of Bulgaria. Russia, in winning Austria over to her definition of the term " Nihilist," has thus virtually secured a vindication of her course in the Lutzki affair, which during the last few weeks has been so much discussed in the European papers. The fall of the Servian Ministry was brought about by the opposition of the Radicals to the press law which the Minister of the Interior, M. Gyaya, himself a former Radical, urged the Skupshtina to pass.

The article presents information on various social and political developments around the world. British multinationals had apparently opted to join Europe in some form of monetary union, hoping that London would be its financial center. With the power of the labor unions broken, low-wage Britain was to be a bridgehead for foreign, mainly Japanese, investors. For the moment what mattered was to beat inflation and prop up the pound, damning the consequences for output and employment. Moreover, it is reported that, for all their recent celebrations of Clinton's victory as a favorable precedent, Labor politicians are well aware that, after their 1992 disaster, what their party needs is not a coat of paint but an overhaul. The first problem concerns the party's relation with the labor unions.

The struggle between fascism and communism in Europe has raised the question whether the democracies should passively view this struggle from the sidelines or meet the challenge of aggressive dictatorships even at the risk of war. Spain's experience proves that a policy of non-intervention, unless strictly enforced, plays into the hands of potential war-makers. The pacific nations in their desire to avoid war observe the restrictions, while the dictatorships disregard them. France and Great Britain have sought to justify this policy on the ground that the non-intervention agreement, with all its loopholes, has so far prevented the war from spreading beyond the confines of Spain.

The article presents information about new developments related to politics, business and health care in several countries. The Philadelphia Record, a paper having a very large circulation, publishes a new railroad story about Mr. James Blaine, U.S. statesman, which, it says, comes from an officer of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Company. The situation of business in the U.S. is more encouraging than it has been at any time during the present year, but this result has been achieved rather by a lessening of the means of production than by increased demand. The latest information received respecting the course of the cholera in Europe indicates that the disease, if not diminishing, is certainly not progressing in a manner to give new grounds for alarm.

At the May 1945 peace treaty summit West Germany has been included in the European Defense Community and consequently in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. As soon as the agreements were signed they were bused by the U.S. to block new discussions with the Soviet Union. The extreme weakness of France in Europe has been exploited by the U.S. as an argument for the rebirth of the German army. The Soviet Union has used this in turn as the excuse for a vigorous call to arms in East Germany. But West Germany cannot raise an army rapidly without the help of old Nazi cadres and of officers sympathetic to the Nazi regime.

This article focuses on the unification of Western Europe. There is no doubt about it that Western Europe is "unified" only by the Atlantic Pact and anti-communism. If there was no united Western Europe, it was the fault of the British Labor Party, which was the most powerful "Third Force" party in Europe and could have taken the lead. Instead, it did nothing about Europe and was concerned only about two things: the success of its economic experiment within Great Britain and its relations with the U.S. Everything now suggests that, far from supporting the Third Force, the U.S. is supporting the right. Yet at least until recently the Labor Party persisted in believing in some invisible leftward trend in the U.S., and thought that real Social Democracy would materialize much sooner in the U.S. than, say, in Italy.

A profound political crisis is shaking the puppet governments of Europe, especially Vichy. An immense movement coining from the very soul of the French people is destroying every kind of collaboration suggested by the Henri Philippe Pétain government. One after another, the leading supporters of collaboration are being silenced by the hostile attitude of the people of France. They are one and all regarded as traitors and ruthlessly barred from every honest family. The Vichy government, powerless against this wave of popular feeling, is trying its best to change the situation.

The article presents information on several socio-political issues. In his method for administering this legislative justice, George Chorpenning had hit on a remedy which served his purposes so well. His first bill, was the infamous Democratic Congress. English and German papers are full of "The Autumn Maneuvers," or, in other words, of the movements of armies engaged in mimic war, for the purpose of exercising the officers in strategy and tactics and the men in marching and encamping and doing outpost duty. The practice was begun by the Prussians some years ago, but has, within the last three, come into general use all over Europe.

The Eastern question has appeared and disappeared on the political horizon like a meteor. It, however, appears to me that humiliating terms like those imposed upon Russia by the Paris, France treaty should not be forced on a great power, and that, if it be done, we cannot expect anything else than that they will be repudiated at the earliest favorable moment. Such a moment had flow come for Russia by the defeat of France. English as well as other papers have asserted that Russia had acted in concert with Prussia.

The article presents information on various books. "China: A Study of its Civilization and Possibilities," by James Harrison Wilson is a commentary on the progress in China. He believes that China need suffer from no fear of over-population, as the soil is able to support treble the present number of people. "The Chief Periods of European History," by Edward A. Freeman are essays on the problems of European history. "A Contribution to the Bibliography and Literature of Newport," by Charles E. Hammett, reflects the credit on the local press and it is altogether a marked event in the literary history of Newport.

The Kingless Kingdom of Hungary, where elections are being held in December, is generally recognized to be an unfortunate country. If the interests of a people are to be identified with those of its rulers, this judgment would have to be revised. No regime in Europe has been more successful in turning national misfortune into personal profit. Hungary is usually presented to the world as a land of peace-loving, hard-working peasants, crushed by the Treaty of Trianon, yet harboring no revengeful thoughts. Its only desire, apparently, is to be left alone by its neighbors and eventually to return to the monarchy which it abandoned under pressure in 1920.

The article focuses on crisis of legitimacy faced by Europe. Topics discussed include the issues of disintegration also faced by the continent, proposed programs for all European countries, a European New Deal (END) proposed by the Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 (DiEM25) and reasons for saving the European Union.

The article presents information about the trade and finance in the U.S., as of July 21, 1873. The week in Wall Street has been quite active, especially in the Stock Exchange, where the recent change in the management of the Lake Shore road has imparted fresh activity to that stock, and led to enlarged dealings in Central and Hudson. The money market has remained quiet, with the rate three to four per cent. Commercial paper is in good demand and at low rates. Prime names having a short time to run have been negotiated as low as 5 1/2 per cent. Paper having over three months to run passes less freely and at higher rates, according to the standing of the makers, varying from 6 to 7 per cent. The weekly statement of the Clearing-House banks on Saturday was unfavorable, and the loss of $2,384,400 in specie reflects the outflow to Europe.

The article looks at refugees from the war in Syria. The author reports on Syrian refugees in Egypt and describes their efforts to travel to Europe, typically on boats arranged by smugglers. Topics include Egypt's policies toward Syrian refugees before and after Egypt's 2013 coup, deaths of refugees at sea, and the number of official resettlement slots for Syrian refugees offered by European countries.

The article presents information on racist nationalism. Europe is cemented by a common language and culture, stands in pleasing contrast to what is going on in the Balkans, where scenes in Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia evoke some of the nastiest chapters of racist nationalism in the twentieth century. The Slovenes themselves have made haste, amid celebrations of newfound nationhood, to declare an amnesty for collaborators with the Axis powers. A few hundred miles north the Slovakians are dusting off their own proud heritage. It's enough to make one yearn for the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which did impose upon large portions of Middle Europe some kind of transnational respect for minorities, as did the Communists in the postwar period now concluded.

The idea of creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine extensive enough to solve the material problems of European Jewry or culturally rich enough to solve its psychological problems has long since proved to be utopian. With the publication of the new report of the British Royal Commission, Zionism after forty years' effort finds itself in extremis. During the World War England, through such agents Henry McMahon and Colonel T. E. Lawrence, promised to create an independent Arab kingdom under the Sharif of Mecca in return for Arab aid against the Turk.

It is not the relics of the past which draw most of the U.S. people abroad, but rather the wish to sample another way of living than their own. Every summer there are events in Europe which are not staged for tourists, which are little advertised or known, and which present in a few days, a day, or some hours a whole broad phase of culture. Information regarding these have been assembled here under the subject music, drama, festivals, art, politics and sports.

The article focuses on the book "They Make a Desert," by Francesco Nitti and translated by F. Brittain. The book focuses on the treaty of Versailles. Nitti believes all Europe to be on the verge of political and economic ruin. The Dawes Plan he approves merely as a well-designed palliative. Nitti asserts that Europe does not yet dare to face the problem of her existence. He recognizes as natural and yet deplores, the American attitude toward Europe. Against the Reparation Commission he says that they are "stupid men directed by clever men" and their organization is a "docile organ of every kind of abuse."

The new Prague paper, "Przitomnost," recently contained an article which was recognized by its spirit and form as well as by its initials as the work of Thomas G. Masaryk, the Czecho-Slovak President. The greatest empire of the world now has a Socialist government, the greatest empire of Europe has for several years been Socialist-officially Communist. If these two facts mean anything they teach that the World War was the world revolution. Soviet Union and England are different economically, morally and especially culturally.

Presents several letters to the editor, on socio-political conditions of several nations. Information on the book "America and the Balance Sheet of Europe," describing economic and political conditions of Europe; Social problems, faced by Vienna, Austria; Treatment of prisoners in the U.S.

The article focuses on the definite proposals for the exploitation of the natural resources of Soviet Union made to the Russian Soviet Government by European countries and the United States. The Council of Peoples Commissars states that it is determined to make public the terms on which concessions may be granted to sound foreign industrial organizations. The text of the decree which follows is taken from the Russian Press Review for December 1, 1920. The concessionnaire will be allowed a share in the production, as provided by the contract, with a right to export same abroad.

Presents several letters to the editor, on political conditions of the U.S. Role of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, in restoring democracy at Princeton, New Jersey; Views of Europe, on political conditions of the U.S.

This article compares the quality of journals of Europe and the U.S. So far as a journal is made, good by its editorial writing, European journals are, no doubt, better than American. There is as little doubt, that so far as the goodness of a journal depends on the labors of reporters and collectors of news American papers are superior to those of the older countries. The Times of New York will admit itself behind the Times of London, so far as concerns the production of able article in politics.

It was well known that the journal "The Nation," was, when started, essentially an experiment. Journals of a similar character had been tried and had succeeded in Europe, but the idea that there was enough interest felt here in literature or in art to support paper mainly devoted to the discussion of literary and art topics, or that there existed what economists call an effective demand for any more careful or more general discussion of political news than writers of the daily press working between dusk and dawn were able to supply, was scouted by many. The journal "The Nation," has now outlived a great deal of misunderstanding. Whether they think it good, bad, or indifferent, most people know what it is aiming at, and are able to state pretty clearly why they like or dislike it.

This article focuses on tussle between the Pentagon and the State Department over Korean War. The differences in emphasis between the Defense and State departments were reflected in the resolution presented to the United Nations Security Council. As passed by the Security Council, the resolution was designed to draw "the mantle of the U.N." more firmly around Anglo-American action in Korea, but it involved the U.N. in the conduct of the war less than had the original proposal of the Canadians, made a week ago.

Presents letters to the editor published in the January 20, 1940 issue of the periodical "The Nation." Reference to an article on Nazi propaganda, published in the periodical; Information on federalization of Europe.

This article focuses on developments in publishing sector. Mr. C.C. Fulton's recent letters from abroad to his' paper, the Baltimore American, are to be collected in book-form under the title "Europe Viewed Through American Spectacles," and published by J. B. Lippincott & Co. The same house announces also "The Border-Land of Science,' by Richard A. Proctor; a "Dictionary of Sects, Heresies, and Schools of Thought," by various writers, edited by John Henry Blunt, already editor of the useful "Dictionary of Doctrinal and Historical Theology;" a "History of French Literature," adapted from the French of Demogeot by Christina Bridge.

The article presents an overview of several literary publications. The literature of the religious press certainly furnishes now and again some things that are amazing. Messrs. Tinsley & Co., of London, have reprinted a series of letters written for the Times by a gentleman who made for that paper a study of the state of religious thought in Germany. Among noteworthy scientific works of recent publication in. Europe, "Travels in the Philippine Islands," by Prof. Semper. The author spent seven years of study and. research among these islands, whose fauna had already been described by Cuming.

This article focuses on the new map of Europe with its Allies and neutrals after the war. Either Germany will win out as it planned -and this is no longer thought possible- or the Allies will have the victory which they hope. Or else the war will end in more or less of a "deadlock"-a "drawn game"-"with neither victors nor vanquished." In any of these events, the map of Europe is sure to be remade. The Allies are beginning to discuss-and neutrals are beginning to air their apprehensions-as to what the situation on the map shall be post bellum. The Swiss are first in the field with a proposal. It is nothing less than the neutralization of the whole course of the Rhine. Belgium had already been urged to insist at the peace-making on an extension of territory towards Luxemburg.

This article focuses on the book "Plays by Clyde Fitch," edited with an introduction by Montrose J. Moses and Virginia Gerson. The book discusses about the plays of Clyde Fitch. In the first year of his career as dramatist, 1890, Clyde Fitch produced three plays, one of them being the noted "Beau Brumnell." They were followed in the nineteen years succeeding by thirty others, in which Mr. Fitch displayed a variety of talent comparable with that of any of his contemporary playwrights in Europe. He was exceedingly adroit in his use of stage devices, and he knew his audience.

The article throws light on the book "Birds of the World, for Young People," by Charles R. Knight and Ella Hardcastle. It presents a brief description of such birds of the world as are usually to be seen in zoological collections and in museums." In fact, almost any museum which really deserves the name will contain many specimens not described in this text. And though the expressed purpose "to give special attention to birds of the U.S., to corresponding species and allied forms found in Great Britain and on the Continent of Europe and to certain of the more remarkable and interesting birds of other continents" is a pretty difficult undertaking, especially within limits of the present volume.

The government of France had been very severe towards the foreign press. A Vienna paper, the most important organ of Austrian journalism, the "Neue Freie Presse," was prohibited in France, probably on account of its extraordinary zeal on behalf of activist M. Thiers. An article titled "Retrospective View of the Berlin Interview, by a German Diplomat" focuses on a Prusso-Russian alliance. German diplomat Otto Furst von Bismarck felt that Russia had been injured by Europe, harshly treated and outlawed. However, this alliance is gradually losing its force.

The article looks at the idea and practice of internationalism, tracing it through the second half of the 20th century and up to 2012, with a focus on Europe. The author cites Altiero Spinelli, an Italian activist and political prisoner in World War II, who with fellow prisoners drafted a proposal for a European federation, the Ventotene Manifesto. He describes the post-war integration of Europe and says the adoption of neoliberal economic policies beginning in the 1970s and the expansion of the European Union (EU) in the 1990s were turning points. Topics include the balance between supranational institutions such as the European Parliament and national governments, the extent of economic redistribution within the EU, and the role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).

The article discusses mortgage crises in euro-zone countries such as Spain and Ireland where collapsed housing markets have caused foreclosures to rise sharply. Spain and Ireland are among nations that do not permit homeowners to engage in "strategic defaults" that rid them of debt. It is noted that bailouts in the euro zone have largely benefited banks rather than homeowners.