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This paper presents an improved Cham method as an efficient technique for obtaining analytical exact solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations. We apply this method to solve the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in conformable operator, a challenging equation frequently used in various scientific fields. The method enables us to derive different traveling wave solutions, such as kink, coindal waves, breather waves, periodic singular solutions, and periodic multi-wave solitons. We also provide graphical representations of some of the obtained solutions to help understand their dynamic characteristics. These results highlight the effectiveness and adaptability of the method and demonstrate its potential to solve other partial differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the extended (3+1)-dimensional potential KP equation in fluid mechanics is studied through Hirota bilinear method. Many types of hybrid solutions, such as the lump–kink solution, lump-two kink solution and periodic lump solution are obtained by assuming different functions in the bilinear equation. The interaction solution between lump and triangular periodic wave is also derived by combining sine and cosine functions with quadratic functions. Dynamical structures of these exact solutions are depicted by presenting the corresponding three-dimensional, two-dimensional structures and density graphs. These diverse interaction solutions could be helpful for understanding physical phenomena in fluid mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the intricacies of the (2+1)-dimensional asymmetric Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov (픸ℕℕ핍) model, a nonlinear partial differential equation governing ion-acoustic wave propagation in plasma. By employing advanced analytical and numerical approaches, the study explores innovative solitary wave solutions, particularly focusing on the dynamics of isochoric flow. Isochoric flow analysis is crucial for unraveling the complex behaviors exhibited by incompressible fluids like elastomers and bio-elastomers, which maintain a constant density.The derivation of the (2+1)-dimensional 픸ℕℕ핍 equation stems from fluid equations governing plasma dynamics. This model serves as a valuable tool for simulating experimental observations of plasma waves. The computational methodology applied in this research demonstrates a commendable level of precision and consistency, yielding novel solitary wave solutions previously unreported in the 픸ℕℕ핍 model. These results underscore the study’s importance and novelty.The outcomes not only contribute to our understanding of incompressible fluid dynamics, but also lay the groundwork for future investigations in this domain. The revealed solitary wave solutions have the potential to inform the development of more accurate models for predicting fluid dynamics, thereby advancing the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the film lifting and draining of fluid on a vertical belt with surface tension is crucial for improving predictive models in coating and lubrication processes. This paper presents a theoretical study on the film lifting and drainage of a third-grade fluid with surface tension. The driving mechanisms on a vertical belt are the belt’s upward movement, the gradient of surface tension, and gravity. The formulated nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) is solved for a series-form solution using the Adomian decomposition method. Numerical computations are used to determine the stationary point placements and the thickness of the uniform film. The study elucidated that lift velocity shows a decreasing trend, while drainage velocity exhibits an increasing trend with increasing values of inverse capillary number C and Stokes number St. The lift velocity shows an increase, whereas the drainage velocity demonstrates a decrease with an increase in the Deborah number De. With increasing values of St and C, the stationary points shift away from the fluid–air interface, while an increase in De causes them to move towards the interface. Surface tension plays a role in supporting drainage and leads to a shift in the stationary points towards the belt. Newtonian and third-grade fluids are also compared in terms of velocity, stationary points, uniform film, and surface tension, providing insight into their behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) is a promising approach for secure information exchange. This paper proposes an efficient and secure four-party QSDC scheme utilizing hyperentangled Bell states in the polarization degree of freedom, the first longitudinal momentum degree of freedom and the second longitudinal momentum degree of freedom. The four participants can perform different unitary operations to independently encode their secret messages onto photons in three degrees of freedom, subsequently transmitting them directly through the quantum channel. In this proposed protocol, each degree of freedom of the photon can effectively carry two bits of information. Each round of transmission by a photon enables the four legitimate participants to obtain six classical bits of information. Notably, when compared to other photons based single-degree-of-freedom QSDC network protocols, the capacity of proposed QSDC protocol is tripled. Therefore, it significantly enhances the information transmission capability. Furthermore, comprehensive security analysis shows that our QSDC network protocol can withstand various attacks from external eavesdroppers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the bilinear neural network method (BNNM) and the symbolic computation system Mathematica, this paper explains how to find an exact solution for the (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries–Sawada–Kotera–Ramani (KdVSKR) equation. In terms of activation function and weight coefficient, BNNM is a more appealing option for users than traditional symbolic computation methods. It is possible to develop a wide range of solutions and expand the classes of exact solutions by modifying the activation function. The activation function’s versatility allows it to generate a wide range of solutions with several theoretical and practical uses. The analytical solution is obtained by using a double layer type, while the rogue wave solution and mixed solutions are obtained by using a single layer type. The evolution of these waves is then illustrated using various 3D graphs, 2D graphs, and density plots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electro-hydraulic actuator system (EHAS) has imposed a challenge in the research community for accurate mathematical modeling and identification due to non-linearities. In this paper, autoregressive exogenous (ARX) structure is used for EHAS modeling and identification is performed by exploiting the competency of atomic physics-based chaotic atom search optimization (CASO) that adapts ten chaotic maps (Chebyshev, Circle, Gauss, Iterative, Logistic, Piecewise, Sine, Singer, Sinusoidal and Tent) in position update of atom search optimization (ASO). The fitness/merit function of the EHAS model is developed in mean-square error (MSE) sense between desired and approximated values. Simulations and analysis show that ASO with a chaotic logistic map (CASO5) performs better than the ASO and its other chaotic variants, as well as other recently introduced metaheuristics for diverse variations in the system model. Statistics based on MSE, learning plots, results of autonomous trials and average fitness analyses verify the consistency and reliability of the CASO5 for the identification of the EHAS model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the exploration of directional recursion operators within the realm of regular space curves modeled by Heisenberg systems. The central objective is to introduce a myriad of recursive flows, encompassing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic solutions, alongside a family of general normalization operators in the normal and binormal directions. The study employs the extended compatible and inextensible flow model of curves to examine the evolution models, providing a comprehensive understanding of their dynamics. A significant aspect of the investigation involves elucidating the evolution model in terms of anholonomy shapes and their density. The directional recursive operator, a focus of this study, demonstrates distinct results compared to traditional approaches. The reliability and applicability of the obtained results extend to the examination of various linear and nonlinear continuous dynamical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the stability analysis and exact solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear partial differential equation known as the Heimburg model. The several types of solitary wave solutions, soliton solutions and Jacobi elliptic doubly periodic function solutions are explored by using the extended Sinh-Gordon equation expansion approach. These investigations exhibit the system’s astounding diversity of waveforms, highlighting its potential applications in nerves and biomembranes. By selecting some appropriate values for the parameters, 3D, 2D, and its corresponding contour graph are plotted to represent the physical relevance of some of the solutions. Additionally, the linearized stability of this system is analyzed. The suggested approach is the finest resource for the analytical investigation of any nonlinear issue that occurs in various scientific fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a series of S0.05Co4Sb11.6Te0.4 samples were prepared by high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) method under different pressures. The synthesis time was shortened from several days to 0.5 h. Te doping and S filling simultaneously optimized the thermal and electrical transport properties of the CoSb3 materials. We found a porous architecture containing rich grain boundaries, different grain sizes, nano- to micrometer-sized pores, and a large number of dislocations, which can scatter a wide spectrum of phonons. Seebeck coefficient α, electrical resistivity ρ, and thermal conductivity κ were measured between 295 K and 773 K. The minimum thermal conductivity of S0.05Co4Sb11.6Te0.4 synthesized at 3.0 GPa was 1.23 Wm−1 K−1, and its maximum zT value reached 1.07 at 773 K, especially the lattice thermal conductivity was as low as 0.49 Wm−1 K−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the effects of different doping concentrations of O, Se, and Te atoms on the electronic structure and optical properties of single layer WS2 based on the density generalization theory of the first principles. The most stable structure. The system doped with Te atoms shows a shift from direct to indirect band gap, and the band gap of the system doped with Se atoms increases slightly. When investigating the optical properties, we also found that the absorption of light in each doped system mostly occurs in the ultraviolet region, and the absorption of light in the system doped with O atoms decreases, while the absorption of light in the system doped with Se and Te atoms changes with different frequencies. The reflectivity is higher than the intrinsic state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In actual transportation systems, the response time of drivers to the stimulus from the preceding vehicle varies at different speeds. The traditional car-following model cannot capture the heterogeneity of drivers for the response time is regarded as a constant. This paper designed a sigmoid function to describe the relation between the response time of drivers and the current speed. Then, a new hydrodynamic lattice model is developed by introducing the proposed nonlinear function. The model is analyzed by using Fourier series, and the linear stability criterion is derived. Numerical experiments are conducted in a ring road. Simulation results show that the evolution of density waves occurring in actual traffic is reproduced well. Finally, the model is calibrated and verified with the real data, and the simulation results are quantitatively consistent with the detector data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of heat and mass transfer between two porous disks containing porous media is the focus of this paper. In this research, (Ag–Al2O3/water)-based hybrid nanofluid is used. Governing partial differential equations are converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by similarity transformations. Numerical solutions to nonlinear systems of equations are achieved using the shooting technique. It is examined how the particle's diameter and nanolayer thickness affect the thermal conductivity of a hybrid nanofluid. Due to the increment of nanolayer thickness, the Nusselt number increases and vice versa for the radius of the particle. Tables and graphs show how the governing parameters influence velocity, temperature, and mass concentration profiles, as well as physical quantities such as skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number. As the values of the porous medium parameters ( P m = 7 –13) and nanolayer thickness (h = 4 –12) elevate, the flow of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number escalate in both porous disks. Moreover, as the values of the particle radius (r = 9 % to 12%) and Reynolds number (Re = − 1 to 2) amplify, the flow of heat transfer rate is diminished in the lower disk. Porous materials have a high surface area, which increases the contact area between the nanofluids and the porous medium. Porous materials can enhance the permeability of the fluid, reducing the pressure drop in the system. This can be advantageous in applications where high flow rates and low-pressure drops are desired, such as in heat exchangers or cooling systems. Porous materials can provide trapping sites or adhesion points for the nanoparticles, enhancing their dispersion and stability within the hybrid nanofluids. The porosity of the flow medium can therefore influence the purification and filtration efficiency of the hybrid nanofluids, ensuring their cleanliness and functionality. Understanding and controlling the porosity can help optimize the flow characteristics of the nanofluids in various applications. Overall this field will focus on refining hybrid nanofluid compositions, improving modeling techniques, validating experimental findings, optimizing system designs, and exploring new applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under investigation in this paper is a generalized Heisenberg ferromagnet (HF) equation which is named the Zhanbota-IIA equation. It is one of the integrable generalizations of the HF equation that plays an important role in nonlinear magnetization dynamics. Through the establishment of the N-fold Darboux transformation, a series of solutions will be obtained, including multi-solitons, one- and two-breathers, first- and higher-order rogue waves. Dynamic behaviors of those solutions will be analyzed, including several structures of rogue waves such as fundamental structure, triangular structure, ring structure and ring-fundamental structure, the coexistence of rogue waves and breathers, i.e. semi-rational solution and the interaction of two breathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, fully developed forced convective flow properties of hybrid nanofluid through annular sector duct are discussed. The studies of hybrid nanofluid, i.e. the combination of a nanofluid (nanoparticles plus water) with another nanoparticles' volume fraction, are considered. Hybrid nanofluids become most important due to enhancement in the heat transfer rate. Copper oxide (CuO)–water is taken as the nanofluid. The volume fraction of CuO nanoparticles in water is kept fixed at 4%, whereas the volume fractions of Cu nanoparticles are taken in the range of 0–4% in this study. Under the assumption of hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed flow, the deviation in the velocity components along the axial direction vanishes in the case of momentum equations; however, the deviation in the temperature becomes constant in the case of energy equation. After dimensionless analysis, the finite volume method is applied to find the numerical solutions for velocity, temperature, heat transfer rate and fanning friction factor. During physical analysis, it has been concluded that the percentage enhancement in heat transfer rate is comparably more than fanning friction factor when we increase the volume fraction of Cu nanoparticles in the CuO–water nanofluid. Furthermore, the same observation has been noticed in the case of heat transfer rate when the platelet shape factor of the nanoparticles has been used instead of brick and cylinder shape factors. Increase in fRe is 8.01% when we increase the Cu nanoparticles' volume fraction from 1% to 4%, whereas the increments in Nu are 15.09%, 18.56% and 20.81% for the brick-, cylinder- and platelet-shaped nanoparticles, respectively, for all values of the ratio of radii, R ̂ , and apex angle, 2 α , in both thermal cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a dual-channel high sensitivity photonic crystal fiber sensor with rectangular air holes, which can detect the refractive index of a single sample or detect the refractive index of two samples simultaneously, to increase the detection efficiency and wavelength sensitivity of the sample refractive index. The sensor can reduce the times of filling, emptying and cleaning of the sample to be tested and save labor and time costs. The finite element method is used to thoroughly analyze the proposed structure's sensing properties. The results show that when the sensor detects a single sample, the maximum wavelength sensitivity is 67,300 nm/RIU, and the highest figure of merit (FOM) is 547 RIU − 1 . When the sensor detects two samples synchronously, the maximum wavelength sensitivity is 64,100 nm/RIU, which is the highest level among the known sensors of the same kind. It has good application prospect in the field of high sensitivity refractive index detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an ultra-wideband microwave absorber with a composite of carbonyl iron powder (CIP) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material and a wide-angle absorption stacked cross structure. The simulation results show that although the total thickness is less than 3.21 mm, the proposed device can achieve high absorption (over 90%) in the range of 7.55–100 GHz, and the total bandwidth is 92.45 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 172%. In addition, the absorber is insensitive to the polarization characteristics of incident electromagnetic waves and can achieve a wide incident angle absorption of up to 60∘. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research paper is to analytically investigate graphene oxide blood base nanofluid with the impact of dynamic viscosity and viscous dissipation. The increased thermal conductivity of nanofluids over regular fluids motivates this research. The basic flow equations are used to model the flow problem in nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs). The dimensionless parameters, classical lie group, and thermo-physical properties are applied to transform the developed NLPDEs into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The resultant ODEs are resolved using the homotopy analysis method (HAM), and graphical and tabular interpretations are used to note the effects of contributing parameters including magnetic parameter, dynamic viscosity, nanoparticle volume friction, Eckert number, and Prandtl number on the velocity profile and temperature distribution. From the obtained results, we see that the velocity profile is decreasing by increasing magnetic parameter, dynamic viscosity, nanoparticle volume friction, and the temperature profile is increasing by increasing dynamic viscosity and Eckert number. The tabular descriptions of convergence of the presented fluid flow are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we theoretically investigated the effect of the polycrystalline structure of metal samples on the magnitude of the spin Hall effect. The equation for the dynamics of the averaged over the crystallite momentum of the collectivized conduction electron in the crystalline field of a homogeneous and isotropic polycrystalline metal is obtained. Averaging the obtained equation over all randomly oriented crystallites resulted in an expression for the electric field of the spin Hall effect. It significantly depends on the form of the single-electron atomic radial wave function and on the Hall coefficient. The coefficients of the spin Hall effect for some metals of 3rd–6th periods are calculated. It is shown that the results for nonmagnetic d- and f-metals within the measurement error are consistent with the experimental data. The best match is observed for Pt, α -W, β -W, Pd, Nb, Ag, Mo, Cu and Al. A discrepancy of less than 20% was obtained for Au, Ti, Mn. For the considered rare-earth metals (Lu, Ho, Dy, Gd) only for paramagnetic Lu the correspondence of calculation results and experimental data is obtained. For Ho, Dy, and Gd, which exhibit ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states at low temperatures, the discrepancy is more than 35%. Based on the obtained results, the limitations of the developed approach are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GaInAsSb has an important application value in the field of infrared photoelectricity. In this paper, the optical properties of Ga 0. 8 4 In 0. 1 6 As 0. 1 4 Sb 0. 8 6 nanopillar arrays with different shapes are studied by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The simulation results show that the peaks of all structures occur at 950 nm to 1100 nm bands and peak up to 97%. Among them, the period and height of the nanopillars and the inclination angle of the incident light will significantly affect the size of the absorption peak of the nanopillars, but not the peak position. However, with the increase of the diameter, the absorption peak of the nanoparticles showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the peak position of the absorption peak showed a significant redshift. In addition, for the triangular prism structure, its absorption rate in the array structure with high duty cycle is higher than 90%, which provides an important reference for the preparation of high-density integrated infrared optical detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discrete Ablowitz–Ladik (AL) equation is the discrete version of nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which may have potential physical applications in nonlinear optics, polaron motion and anharmonic lattice dynamics. In this paper, a discrete reverse-time nonlocal coupled AL equation is first proposed and studied. First of all, we correspond this new discrete reverse-time nonlocal equation to continuous nonlocal coupled equation by use of the continuous limit technique. Second, we build the generalized (k , N − k) -fold Darboux transformation for this new discrete equation. As an application, we obtain some novel position controllable nonlocal singular rogue wave (RW) and period wave solutions on constant seed backgrounds, whose structures and positions are controlled by some special parameters. Moreover, we also study dynamical behaviors of some RW solutions via numerical simulations and large asymptotic analysis. These new results and phenomena may be helpful to comprehend some physical phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluids with peristaltic flows are being studied in depth because they can be used in so many different ways, such as to diagnose and treat diseases. In this paper, the peristaltic flow of a nanofluid with viscosity and electric conductivity that change with temperature is used. There are different base fluids and nanoparticles that are being thought about. First, the governing equations are modeled, and then they are made easier to understand by assuming that the wavelength is long and the Reynolds number is small. To make a dimensionless differential system, the right dimensionless numbers are added. Mathematica's built-on function NDSolve is used to figure out the numerical solution of the resulting system. To figure out how fast heat moves, researchers compare different combinations of base fluids and nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonlinear coupled Schrödinger equation in fiber Bragg gratings is studied in this paper. The existence of soliton solutions and periodic solutions are proved by qualitative analysis, and exact solutions are given, as well as the parameter condition of each solution is described. Then the modulation instability (MI) analysis is carried out and the linear stability criterion is given. In particular, external perturbation terms are introduced to prove that the equation exists chaotic behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of steady two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) migration of dusty fluid across a stretching sheet with the inclusion of Darcy–Forchheimer porosity and Brownian dispersion. The most significant aspect of the ongoing problem is elaborating the entire context with dusty and fluid phases. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transmuted into non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by implementing similarity transformations. The MATLAB script has used the bvp4c strategy to accumulate a visualization of the computational observations. Also, this study illustrates an assessment of the effects of significant parameters on non-Newtonian fluids and fluids with a dusty phase. It is observed that the thermal boundary layer is enhanced with the increasing strength of the mass concentration of dusty granules ( Γ ν ) and Eckert number (Ec) for both scenarios, while in the case of fluid interaction temperature parameter ( β t ) the scenario is opposite for dusty and fluid phases. Moreover, the heat transfer rate intensifies with the increasing effect of thermal radiation, and magnetic field. The significant variations in the various physical quantities are represented through tabular and graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a model of a doubly clamped electrically actuated microbeam, which is a commonly used structure in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The model is based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and includes the effect of electrostatic forces on the beam's deflection. The electric field is modeled using the parallel plate capacitor model, and the deflection of the beam is calculated using the Galerkin method. The behavior of a microbeam subjected to the van der Waals force, which is a weak intermolecular force that arises from the interaction between the beam and a nearby surface. The microbeam is modeled using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, and the van der Waals force is modeled using the Lennard–Jones potential. At the last we study the model of MEMS based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MWCNTs have unique mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, which make them ideal for use in MEMS applications. The approximate solution of the developed models is found by using homotopy perturbation based Aboodh transformation (HPATM). HPATM is a mathematical method used to solve nonlinear equations by converting them into linear forms. This approach involves introducing a small parameter and applying perturbation theory to obtain a solution in a series form. The method's accuracy is defined based on the existing literature because its solution matched the variation iteration-based Laplace method. Also, we compared its results with the finite difference method. The validity of the stability analysis is further established by examining the stability in the vicinity of the fixed points. Sketches are made of the phase portraits close to the equilibrium points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present review is aimed to understand the Rashba and Dresselhaus effects from the first-principle calculations. A brief overview of first-principle density functional theory (DFT) and its global acceptance have been discussed. The discussions of the Rashba–Dresselhaus splittings, spin textures and understanding the effects from first-principle DFT calculations have been highlighted. Rashba and Dresselhaus effects have gained much attention in recent era for their highly promising applications in spintronics. In the presence of spin-orbit coupling and inherent non-centrosymmetry, while BiTeCl, TiS2Se, rhombohedral CsPbF3 and BiCoO3 compounds show large values of Rashba parameter ( α R) of ∼ 1. 9 0 , 1.10, 1.05 and 0.74 eVÅ, respectively, the single-layered semiconductor nanostructure InSb, rhombohedral BiFeO3 and Ag2BiO3 systems however depict promising values of Dresselhaus parameter ( α D) of ∼ 2. 2 0 , 0.50 and 0.15 eVÅ, respectively. The future of Rashba–Dresselhaus effects and their advancements in spintronics have also been enlightened in this paper. We believe that this study will not only help to understand the Rashba–Dresselhaus effects from first-principle calculations, but can also augment their applications in next generation spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, there is great attention given to solar collectors (SCs) for their important applications based on the advantages of nanotechnology and solar radiation. Hybrid nanofluid (HNF) is our first option due to its thermophysical properties that help in improving the overall performance, unlike other nanofluids. This paper gives a detailed novel analysis of SCs with the existence of Newtonian, power-law HNF in unsteady conditions and a three-dimensional model under the consideration of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter. In this research, the group transformation method (GTM) and similarity transformation steady state fluid dynamics are used to transform the mathematical model into a simpler system. This coupled system of ordinary differential equations with the related functions, dimensionless entropy generation and Bejan number is achieved at two cases of power-law index. The impact of involved parameters on velocity profile, temperature distribution, concentration field, entropy output of the system and Bejan number is depicted prominently by various graphs. The fluid velocity shows improvement with higher values of power-law index and shape factor, while it diminishes with magnetic parameter and Prandtl number. Enhancing the values of magnetic field and shape factor, results in increase of temperature characteristic which decreases with Prandtl number and power-law index. Increment in the concentration ratio parameter leads to maximize the entropy generation, whereas entropy generation diminishes with higher values of temperature ratio and magnetic parameter. The obtained results and the previously published work are compared qualitatively and quantitatively to each other to validate that the applied method is more efficient. It is predicted that the Nusselt number improves by 28.18% when the Prandtl number is taken range (4 ≤ Pr ≤ 6). The percentage of increasing in Sherwood number is noted to be 18.61% for range (0. 1 ≤ N b ≤ 0. 5) of Brownian motion parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodic nanostructure is a novel method to manipulate the electronic properties in electronics. An efficient method in this paper is proposed to judge whether m identical periods' magnetic nanostructure is a periodic structure by judging whether its physical structure and its magnetic vector potential structure both keep periodic. By investigating the influence of the δ -doping potential on the electron transport properties with m identical periods' magnetic barrier nanostructure of InAs system, it shows that, firstly, the resonant peak of transmission probability, conductance, and spin polarization has been induced by splitting into (2 m − 1) folds with m units nanostructure, respectively, especially when the resonant peak of transmission probability is almost close to 1 as the incident energy is lower; secondly, the height of δ -doping potential has an extensive influence on the resonant peak of transmission probability, which the resonant peak will be more dependent of the height of δ -doping potential increasing. Meanwhile, the conductance will be decreased with the height of δ -doping potential increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effects of transition metal doping on the electronic structure of monolayer NbS2 were studied through the first principles. The electronic structure changes caused by doping transition metal (TM) atoms were recorded, including the energy band, the density of states, binding energy, and optical properties. Studies show that all doping systems are metal. Still, under strain regulation, some doping systems offer an indirect bandgap; NbS2 transforms into a narrow bandgap diluted semiconductor and can improve the activity. Doping atoms lead to n (p) type doping in NbS2. Regarding optical properties, IVB group metals are selected as the typical dopant of three periods. Composite NbS2 has excellent reflector characteristics and can be applied to infrared and ultraviolet regions. The spectral response and electromagnetic wave absorption range of low-energy areas are also improved. This study effectively solves the problem of impurity states introduced by doping and provides a solution for the doping modification of monolayer NbS2, which will lay a foundation for nanoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the elastic deformation and thermodynamic theory for crystals with HCP structure on the basis of the statistical moment method (SMM) together with numerical results and discussions for metals Mg, Zn, Dy, Er and Gd. Some numerical results are compared with experiments and other calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the decaying dynamics in the mirror-field interaction by means of the intrinsic decoherence scheme. Factorization of the mirror-field Hamiltonian with the use of displacement operators allows us to calculate the explicit solution to Milburn's equation for arbitrary initial conditions. We show expectation values, correlations, and Husimi functions for the solutions obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effects of the thermostability, band structure, and the external electric field on the electronic structure of MoSe2/Arsenene heterojunction are calculated based on the density functional theory. The calculation results show that the MoSe2/Arsenene heterojunction is a type-II heterojunction with a bandgap of 0.89 eV. When MoSe2 and arsenene combine by van der Waals force, the electrons are transferred from MoSe2 to arsenene, the holes are transferred from arsenene to MoSe2, with the direction of the internal electric field from MoSe2 to arsenene. The MoSe2/Arsenene heterojunction with valence band top and conduction band bottom contributed by arsenene and MoSe2, respectively, shows excellent thermostability at room temperature. The external electric field can effectively modulate the electronic structure of heterojunction. When the electric field is negative, electrons are transferred from MoSe2 to arsenene and holes from arsenene to MoSe2. The Fermi level of arsenene moves down while that of MoSe2 moves up. When the electric field is positive, the direction of electron and hole transfer are opposite to that when the electric field is negative. The Fermi energy level of arsenene and MoSe2 also move in the opposite direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excellent semiconductors and novel optical properties are the first criteria for nanomaterial technology. In this paper, the S-atom defect is applied to 1T-NbS2 for the first time, and doping atoms are introduced. The concentration of doping atoms is 3.84% and 4% under the two types of defects. Finally, the metallic properties of NbS2 were weakened successfully, and the highest indirect band gap of 0.27 eV was induced, which gradually transformed into a brand-new semiconductor material. In addition, partially composite systems exhibit excellent electromagnetic storage, polarizability, and infrared light absorption, showing high reflectivity in the visible and low-frequency UV regions, which can be used to make blackout lenses and reflective coatings. Cd composite systems can be used as a new type of conducting semiconductor for all kinds of equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents an investigation into the behavior of rarefied flow and heat transfer in a rectangular microchannel utilizing a Cu-water nanofluid. The study employs the thermal lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with a lattice featuring a double distribution function and a BGK collision model. The simulations are performed using Python software, incorporating slip velocity and temperature jump effects. The primary objective is to analyze the influence of various thermophysical parameters of the coolant fluid on the microchannel, specifically focusing on the characteristics of the Cu-water nanofluid. The study considers laminar flow conditions with nanofluid volume fractions of 2%, 4% and 6%. The findings reveal that both rarefaction effect and Reynolds numbers, as well as the nanoparticle volume fraction, significantly impact the system. Moreover, the investigation evaluates key parameters such as the Nusselt number, skin friction coefficient, temperature jump slip velocity and velocity and temperature profiles. Notably, the nanoparticle volume fraction exhibits minimal influence on the velocity distribution or temperature field, whereas the Nusselt number increases with higher nanoparticle volume fractions. Additionally, the rarefaction effect leads to a reduction in velocity and temperature. At a nanoparticle volume fraction of 2%, increasing the Reynolds number results in elevated velocities and lower temperatures. The skin friction coefficient displays a decreasing trend along the microchannel with increasing Reynolds numbers. Furthermore, an increase in Knudsen numbers corresponds to a decrease in the skin friction coefficient. Finally, an increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction is associated with a decrease in the skin friction coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of free convection above an isothermal vertical cone in the flow of Newtonian fluid suspended with solid nanoparticles like silver (Ag) and magnesium oxide (MgO) is numerically analyzed in this paper. Here, a convectively heated vertical cone is immersed in the infinite nanofluid with a porous medium. The fluid motion occurs due to the thermal gradient and force of gravity in the system. Energy transportation is studied with help of the empirical theory of Cattaneo–Christov. The physical effects included in the problem are heat source, stratification, chemical reaction, and motile microorganism. Further, the total entropy rate is computed. The flow, temperature, concentration, and microorganism distribution are explored in view graphical abstracts which are computed numerically by integration of the governing non-linear system of equations using the bvp4c technique. The outcomes are validated by relating them to earlier available data in the field, which is a remarkable feature of the proposed model. In this feature, an admired balance has been attained. The investigation proves that the buoyancy ratio characteristic and bioconvection Rayleigh number reduce the fluid velocity. Further, the concentration and microorganism stratification parameter effect diminish the motile microorganism and concentration distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss a proposal for the transfer of states belonging to the W-type states by executing a controlled teleportation protocol. A 7-qubit quantum entangled resource shared between the sender, receiver and controller is utilized in this protocol. The scheme proposed here is a perfect communication scheme where the task of quantum state transfer is performed with certainty. Further, a protocol for the generation of the quantum resource used here is designed and run on IBM platform. Additionally, we consider the effect of four types of noises, namely, amplitude-damping noise, bit-flip noise, phase-flip noise and phase-damping noise on our protocol. The efficiency of the protocol is compared with other similar protocols which shows that the present one is better performing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) equation is extensively investigated in this study. This equation is a two-dimensional (2D) generalization of the well-known Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation, which is spatially limited as the 1D model of weakly nonlinear waves in shallow water. In this paper, we use three different methods to solve the conservation laws of it. First, the direct construction method is used to calculate the multipliers of the objective equation, and the conservation laws can be obtained by using the multipliers. Then its strict self-adjoint property is verified, and its conservation laws are solved by Ibragimov's method. Finally, the conservation laws of the target equation are solved by Noether's theorem. Then we calculate some exact solutions of the ZK equation by the extended Kudryashov method and seek a few solutions in terms of hyperbolic tangent functions and exp (ξ). Meanwhile, the conservation law analysis of the target equation is carried out, and its Lie point symmetries, reduced order form and invariant solution are determined. In the end, the Hamiltonian structure of the target equation, the generalized pre-symplectic that maps symmetries into adjoint-symmetries and some of its soliton solutions are calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the dynamic behavior of the (2 + 1) -dimensional Boussinesq equation, which is a nonlinear water wave equation used to model wave packets in dispersive media with weak nonlinearity. Specifically, we investigate the equation's traveling wave solutions using the Riccati equation mapping method. Our results include solitary and soliton solutions, each with their own set of parameter values. To provide a comprehensive understanding of these solutions, we present them in general form and visualize their significance using various graphs, such as 3D, 2D, and contour plots. The computational effort and resulting outcomes highlight the efficacy of our approach, which has the potential to be applied to other nonlinear physical problems in fields such as mathematical physics, engineering, and nonlinear science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the finite element method is used to investigate the sound absorption performance of the micro perforated plates (MPPs) with acoustic black hole (ABH) back cavities. First, the finite element models of MPPs with sealed back cavities and ABH back cavities are developed. The simulation results show that the absorption bandwidth of ABH back cavities increases by 63.8% compared to the sealed back cavity of the same size, but the frequency of the highest absorption coefficient is increased. Second, the mechanism for expanding the band width is illustrated by the pressure distribution inside two cavities. Finally, the effect of different cavity numbers of stages and lengths on the sound absorption performance is analyzed. This study broadens the application scenario of MPPs by incorporating ABH back cavities and can provide a reference value for acoustic modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a performance analysis of indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO)- and pentacene-based top-gate-top-contact (TGTC) and bottom-gate-top-contact (BGTC) thin film transistors (TFTs). Extensive simulation has been performed to assess the performances in terms of threshold voltage, subthreshold slope, on-off current ratio, mobility, and figure of merit (FoM). Results indicate a trade-off between mobility and current ratio with respect to the permittivity of the dielectric layer, where tantalum oxide (Ta2O 5) provides the optimum result in terms of FoM. The mobility of IGZO is significantly higher for both structures, whereas the current ratio for IGZO is higher than pentacene in the BGTC configuration. Comparing the structural configurations, Ta2O5-IGZO-based BGTC achieves 5. 9 2 × and 4 1. 8 × better mobility and current ratio, respectively, over TGTC structures. The threshold voltage of IGZO-based TFT is observed to increase with the permittivity of the dielectric in TGTC configuration but decrease in BGTC configuration. Meanwhile, the increase in oxide and active layer thicknesses causes a decrease in the threshold voltage. Moreover, both mobility and current ratio improve with a decrease in oxide or active layer thickness. Maximum mobility of 32.30 cm2/Vs and a maximum current ratio of 7.54E+08 are achieved for Ta2O5-IGZO-based BGTC TFT with 10 μ m channel thickness and 5 μ m oxide thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a triple-layer grating beam splitter with three-port output is designed. Through the combination of rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and simulated annealing algorithms (SAA), the calculation and optimization of each parameter of the grating is carried out to make the diffraction efficiency of the grating meet the conditions. At the incident wavelength of 800 nm, the diffraction efficiencies of 0th order and ±1st order under TE polarization are 31.6% and 31.4%, respectively. The diffraction efficiencies of 0th order and ±1st order under TM polarization are 32.7% and 32.5%, respectively. It can be seen that not only the total diffraction efficiency under TE polarization and TM polarization exceeds 90%, but also the uniformity of diffraction efficiency at each order exceeds 99%. Finally, the influence of grating parameters and incident wave characteristics on diffraction efficiency is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In nature, living organisms move in a collective state of aggregation, this collective motion is influenced by the nature of the environment, the obstacles refocused during the movement and the local interaction between individuals, this interaction is responsible for avoiding collision between each individual. In this paper, we study numerically the collective motion of self-organized organisms by expanding the Langevin dynamics, in which we have modeled the interaction between individuals by an elastic force. Modeling the interaction between individuals using an elastic force gives remarkable results. This interaction has an important effect if the individuals are dispersed a lot in space, but if a certain number of particles N is exceeded, this force is of no importance and the saturation velocity becomes constant. The results of the numerical simulation show that the average velocity of the individuals goes through a transient regime before reaching the permanent regime. Moreover, the results show that the system represents a transition from a nonequilibrium state to an equilibrium state, which is similar to a second-phase transition (paramagnetic/ferromagnetic) in the absence of the magnetic field; this phase transition is observable if the distance between two individuals is greater than a critical radius noted R c . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study on the dielectric characteristics of the Bi-MXene lattice using Monte Carlo simulations through the Metropolis algorithm. The study utilizes the Blume–Capel Ising model to analyze the dielectric characteristics under the effects of temperature, ferrielectric parameter, and external electric longitudinal and crystalline fields. Also, it examines the impact of the ferrielectric parameter J A B , the external electric field ( E Z) , and the crystalline field on the behavior of the blocking temperature ( T B). The results suggest a significant influence of the physical parameters on the blocking temperature analyzed in this study. Additionally, these findings hold implications on ferrielectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the nonparaxial nonlinear Schrödinger (NNLS) equation by considering its integrability which enables the propagation of ultra-broad nonparaxial beams in a planar optical waveguide is studied. The plenty numbers of solitary wave solutions by using Hirota's bilinear scheme are found, in addition, the bilinear transformation and also the related theorem for getting to the bilinear form of nonlinear system are considered. Two new simple approaches are implemented to recover periodic wave, bright soliton, singular, and singular soliton for this model. Because of the significance of the NNLS in modeling the propagation of solitons through an optical fiber, the recovered solitons are vital for describing and understanding a variety of fundamental physical processes. The effect of the free parameters on the behavior of acquired figures to a few obtained solutions by providing the feasibility and reliability of the used procedure was also discussed. For more physical illustration and knowledge of the physical characteristics of this equation, some important solutions are discussed graphically in the form of 2D and 3D plots by selecting suitable parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the time evolution of three-states spin-1 non-Hermitian systems. The state vector of the wave function for Schrödinger equation is obtained analytically by using the Cayley–Hamilton theorem. We note that the behavior of the non-Hermitian three-states system corresponds to the Hermitian three-state system. Furthermore, the fluctuation between three-state spin-1 is periodically oscillating when the eigenvalues of the non-Hermitian system are real. Moreover, if the eigenvalues are imaginary, we explore that from our analysis and analytical solution that the probabilities' amplitudes always grow with time for all physical parameters in the three-state, i.e. including the -symmetry non-Hermitian system. It means that the Schrödinger equation becomes the growth exponential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the application of an efficient technique, namely, the fractional natural decomposition method (FNDM). The numerical solutions of the model containing the water transport in unsaturated porous media, called Richards equation, are extracted. This model is used to describe the non-locality behaviors which cannot be modeled under the framework of classical calculus. To demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the scheme used, two cases with time-fractional problems are considered in detail. The numerical stimulation is presented with results accessible in the literature, and corresponding consequences are captured with different values of parameters of fractional order. The attained consequences confirm that the projected algorithm is easy to implement and very effective to examine the behavior of nonlinear models. The reliable algorithm applied in this paper can be used to generate easily computable solutions for the considered problems in the form of rapidly convergent series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major theme of this research is to develop the numerical scheme for the computation of nonlinear problems by the implementation of the boundary element method dependent on Taylor's series. This paper deals with the problem of laminar flow in a semiporous channel in the presence of a transverse magnetic field and the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is employed along with the general boundary element method to compute an approximated solution of the system of nonlinear differential equation governing the problem concerned. A well-known and useful nonlinear differential equation of fluid mechanics F (3) (η) + 1 2 F (η) F (2) (η) = 0 with the boundary conditions F (0) = 0 = F (1) (0) , F 1 (∞) = 1 is referred as an example to show a glimpse into the basic idea of the method and technique used in this paper. It shows the capabilities and wide range of applications of HAM using Taylor series expansion of the derived integral equation. A comparison of HAM with the results calculated previously has been discussed. The solution obtained with HAM in comparison with the numeric solution shows remarkable accuracy. Root mean square formula is computed for the convergence analysis at various values. An increment in the number of elements depicting the convergent results as error is decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrafast laser pulses can redistribute charges in Mott insulators on extremely short time scales, leading to the fast generation of photocarriers. It has recently been demonstrated that these photocarriers can form a novel η -paired condensate at low temperatures, featuring a staggered superconducting pairing field. In this conference paper, we discuss the origin of the η -paired hidden phase and its optical response, which may be detected in a pump-probe experiment. The hidden phase may be relevant for possible light-induced superconductivity in Mott insulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different from the conventional logistics service network design problem, we design a fast logistics service network based on high-speed railway. An integrative optimization model which is applicable for solving practical problems is established. This paper simultaneously considers three subproblems: Train timetabling, freight flow assignment and electrical multiple units (EMU) routing plan, in which the objectives are simultaneous to minimize the total train travel time, the operation cost and transportation cost of freight transport, the number of freight EMU and the number of maintenance tasks. The constraints imposed in the model include space-time path resource assignment restriction, node operation capability, train safety interval time, train connection time restriction, freight service time window, train loading capacity restriction and EMU routing restriction. Based on the thoughts of divide and conquer, the original problem is decomposed by using the decomposition mechanism of the Lagrange relaxation algorithm to solve the integrated optimization model. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model and algorithm proposed in this paper, a case study is conducted based on Harbin Dalian high-speed railway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene has excellent mechanical properties and vibration frequency is an important mechanical property. In this paper, the effects of doping elements and doping concentrations on the vibration characteristics of graphene nanoribbons were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. The vibration characteristics are influenced by the doping element, depending on the bond structural difference in bond structure between doping atoms and carbon atoms. The vibration frequencies of Nitrogen (N)-doped and Nitrogen–Nitrogen (N–N)-doped graphene nanoribbons are slightly lower than those of pure graphene nanoribbons. However, the vibration frequencies of Sulfur (S)/Phosphorus (P)-doped and Sulfur–Sulfur (S–S)/Phosphorus–Phosphorus (P–P)-doped graphene nanoribbons are significantly lower than those of pure graphene nanoribbons. In addition, with the increase of S (P) doping concentration, the vibration frequency of monolayer graphene nanoribbons decreases gradually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]