4 results
Search Results
2. Solving shortage in a priceless market: Insights from blood donation.
- Author
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Sun, Tianshu, Lu, Susan Feng, and Jin, Ginger Zhe
- Subjects
- *
MARKET design & structure (Economics) , *ORGAN donation , *BLOOD donors , *BLOOD banks , *DONOR blood supply , *ECONOMICS , *BUSINESS , *FAMILIES , *FRIENDSHIP , *STATISTICAL models - Abstract
Shortage is common in many markets, such as those for human organs or blood, but the problem is often difficult to solve through price adjustment, given safety and ethical concerns. In this paper, we study two non-price methods that are often used to alleviate shortage for human blood. The first method is informing existing donors of a current shortage via a mobile message and encouraging them to donate voluntarily. The second method is asking the patient's family or friends to donate in a family replacement (FR) program at the time of shortage. Using 447,357 individual donation records across 8 years from a large Chinese blood bank, we show that both methods are effective in addressing blood shortage in the short run but have different implications for total blood supply in the long run. We compare the efficacy of these methods and discuss their applications under different scenarios to alleviate shortage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Mandatory labels, taxes and market forces: An empirical evaluation of fat policies.
- Author
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Allais, Olivier, Etilé, Fabrice, and Lecocq, Sébastien
- Subjects
- *
CHRONIC diseases , *NUTRITION , *FAT measurement , *PUBLIC health , *EMPIRICAL research , *ECONOMIC policy , *AD valorem tax , *PREVENTION of chronic diseases , *FOOD labeling laws , *TAX laws , *CHEESE analysis , *NUTRITION policy , *FOOD labeling , *CHEESE , *BUSINESS , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DECISION making , *FOOD chemistry , *FAT content of food , *FOOD preferences , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *RESEARCH , *TAXATION , *EVALUATION research , *YOGURT , *NUTRITIONAL value , *ECONOMICS , *LAW - Abstract
The public-health community views mandatory Front-of-Pack (FOP) nutrition labels and nutritional taxes as promising tools to control the growth of food-related chronic diseases. This paper uses household scanner data to propose an ex-ante evaluation and comparison of these two policy options for the fromage blanc and dessert yogurt market. In most markets, labelling is voluntary and firms display fat labels only on the FOP of low-fat products to target consumers who do not want to eat fat. We here separately identify consumer preferences for fat and for FOP fat labels by exploiting an exogenous difference in legal labelling requirements between these two product categories. Estimates of demand curves are combined with a supply model of oligopolistic price competition to simulate policies. We find that a feasible ad valorem fat tax dominates a mandatory FOP-label policy from an economic perspective, but both are equally effective in reducing average fat purchases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The effects of trade-induced worker displacement on health and mortality in Mexico.
- Author
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Fernández Guerrico, Sofía
- Subjects
- *
MYOCARDIAL ischemia , *CORONARY disease , *HEALTH services accessibility , *TOBACCO use , *LAYOFFS , *INDUSTRIES , *BUSINESS , *HEALTH insurance , *EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Recent research in the U.S. links trade-induced job displacement to deaths of despair. Should we expect the same mortality response in developing countries? This paper analyzes the effect of a trade-induced negative shock to manufacturing employment on leading causes of mortality in Mexico between 1998 and 2013. I exploit cross-municipality variation in trade exposure based on differences in industry specialization before China's accession to the WTO in 2001 to identify labor-demand shocks that are concentrated in manufacturing. I find trade-induced job loss increased mortality from diabetes, raised obesity rates, reduced physical activity, and lowered access to health insurance. These deaths were offset by declines in mortality from ischemic heart disease and chronic pulmonary disease. These findings highlight that negative employment shocks have heterogeneous impacts on mortality in developing countries, where falling incomes lead to less access to health care and nutritious food, but also reduce alcohol and tobacco use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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